CN103472205A

CN103472205A - Slope water-soil loss experiment device and method under combined extreme meteorological conditions

Info

Publication number: CN103472205A
Application number: CN2013103947263A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 戴会超; 毛劲乔; 张末; 戴凌全
Original assignee: China Three Gorges Corp
Current assignee: China Three Gorges Corp
Priority date: 2013-09-03
Filing date: 2013-09-03
Publication date: 2013-12-25
Anticipated expiration: 2033-09-03
Also published as: CN103472205B; WO2015032199A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a slope water-soil loss experiment device and method under combined extreme meteorological conditions. The experiment device comprises an experiment table, a combined extreme environment simulation unit and a control system unit, wherein the experiment table comprises a bottom base, a slope base plate, a downstream baffle plate, soil block standard elements and an experiment table regulating device; the combined extreme environment simulation unit comprises a rainfall simulation device, an air field simulation device, a freezing rain simulation device, a snowfall simulation device, a sunlight simulation device, an air temperature simulation device and an overland flow simulation device; the control system unit comprises a power supply system, a water supply system and a signal acquisition and processing system. According to the invention, the slope water-soil loss experiment device and method under combined extreme meteorological conditions perform indoor simulation and measurement of a slope water body loss situation under a single or combined extreme meteorological conditions of rain storm, rain and snow, freezing rain, flood, drought, high temperature and the like, can achieve accurate and reliable results, and can be widely applied to water-soil loss monitoring, principle analysis and governance under complex variable meteorological conditions.

Description

Compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision and method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the soil erosion field of measuring technique, relate in particular to a kind of compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision and method.

Background technology

Surface soil at rainfall, runoff, the breakoff phenomenon such as wash away, can corrode, move, pile up and run off under the External Force Acting such as wind-force, wherein erosion and the breakoff phenomenon that soil suffers under flow action refered in particular in soil erosion.The soil erosion problem had both resulted from the terrestrial water cyclic process, otherwise can impact water cycle process again, was therefore the hot issue in current hydrographic water resource research field.The whole world has the land that surpasses 30% just being subject to the threat of soil erosion at present, and the annual high-quality soil run off reaches 25,000,000,000 tons.China is one of comparatively serious country of soil erosion in the world, and approximately the land of 3,600,000 km2 suffers the destruction of soil erosion, accounts for 37% of territory total area.The soil erosion meeting causes having a strong impact on of two aspects: self diminution of fertility after soil is etched and runs off threatens the safety guarantee of mankind's grain, forestry and animal husbandry; On the other hand, after soil losses enter water body, formation effect of reservoir siltation river course is stable, and the nutriments such as simultaneously a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are carried under one's arms enters water body, has destroyed water ecological environment health.China's great rivers upstream area is the severely afflicated area of soil erosion often, and under the impact of high pressure of human activities (as the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering construction), former earth's surface and rock-soil layer are subject to strong interference, have artificially accelerated the soil erosion phenomenon.Particularly serious, along with the variation of global climate, the extreme weather phenomenons such as heavy rain, arid, typhoon, flood, sleet, severe snow take place frequently, and have further aggravated intensity and the range of soil erosion, also for carrying out the water and soil governance and protection, have caused many obstacles.

Small scale closed set pool, as natural gathering ground independently, is the base unit that soil erosion and secondary disaster thereof are administered, and at first control soil erosion is obtain basic data and carry out Regularity Analysis, but existing observation technology exists open defect:

(1) on-the-spot field inspection method complicated operation and operating cost are very high, especially under extreme meteorological condition, are difficult to guarantee the reliability of measurement data; Satellite remote sensing technology is introduced in the soil erosion analysis of large scale in recent years, but the temporal resolution of remote sensing image is thicker, be difficult to meet the demand that small scale closed set pool soil erosion dynamic law is analyzed, under extreme meteorological condition, obtaining of remotely-sensed data also exists practical difficulty;

(2) by indoor physical model experiment method, to the gathering ground soil erosion, simulating with measuring is the approach of current tool operability, conventional soil erosion model experiment need be domatic at indoor manufacturing artificial, by measuring the erodsion loss of artificial soil after the simulating nature rainfall, through guide, actual soil erosion amount is calculated in conversion; As number of patent application is 2006101559070, the name Chinese invention patent that is called " implementation method of semi-proportional model test of soil and water conservation " disclose a kind of after the lab simulation rainfall basin topography relatively develop the proportional model test method of degree.The Chinese invention patent that number of patent application is 2009100612007, name is called " movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory " discloses a kind of mobile laboratory for soil erosion simulation and monitoring, by self-powered and water source, variable slope experimental tank is carried out to the soil erosion experiment after rainmaking; But existing indoor soil erosion experimental provision all exists two obvious problems: the soil erosion under can not the Simulation of Complex meteorological condition, soil erosion that can not Simulation of Complex landform (domatic).

Cause the origin cause of formation of soil erosion except rainfall, also be subject to the impact of the multiple environmental factors such as sleet, snowfall, wind field, sunshine, cross flow.That existing soil erosion model experiment method and technology can only be observed is single, the smooth-going domatic soil erosion overall variation under idealized condition of raining, actual soil erosion situation under can not the Simulation of Complex environment, Complex Sloping (as mountain area, falling zone etc.).Due to above-mentioned defect, often there are larger error in data and the actual conditions of the collection of normal experiment method, for example, in laboratory experiment, rainmaking is set up as even raininess, ignored the suffered change wind field impact of rainfall in reality, the soil erosion spatial information that now experiment gathers will obviously depart from actual conditions, causes being difficult to draw the dynamic law of soil erosion.Along with the frequent generation of current extreme weather, be badly in need of a kind of soil erosion experimental provision under can the extreme meteorological condition of analog composite, provide reliable technical solution for solving more the protection of running off of complex environment Water Under soil.

The information that is disclosed in this background of invention technology part only is intended to deepen the understanding to general background technology of the present invention, and should not be regarded as admitting or imply that in any form this information structure has been prior art known in those skilled in the art.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of lab simulation technical scheme for the domatic soil erosion under compound extreme meteorological condition is provided, by inventing a kind of experiment table, compound extreme environment analogue means and control system unit of comprising, accurately simulation and measure Complex Sloping soil in extreme rainfall, sleet, severe snow, high wind, flood, the temperature difference etc. under single or compound extreme meteorological condition Complex Sloping the breakoff phenomenon such as wash away, corrode, move, pile up and run off, for the River Basin Hydrology water resource is observed and monitoring provides accurate data.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision, comprise experiment table, compound extreme environment analogue unit and control system unit, described experiment table comprises bottom base, domatic base plate, the downstream baffle plate, a plurality of soil block tenders and experiment table regulating device, described domatic base plate covers and is arranged on described bottom base, described downstream baffle plate is arranged at an end of described bottom base and described downstream baffle plate and described domatic base plate and is slidably connected, described soil block tender is positioned on described domatic base plate, described experiment table regulating device is connected with bottom base for regulating the angle of inclination of described experiment table, be provided with pressure transducer and soil humidity sensor in described soil block tender, described downstream baffle plate is provided with horizontal displacement sensors, described horizontal displacement sensors can be measured the horizontal shift of the domatic slip in upstream and the rear downstream end of soil losses accumulation, described compound extreme environment analogue unit comprises a plurality of analog machines in rainfall simulation equipment, simulation of wind equipment, sleet analog machine, Simulation of Snowfall equipment, sunshine analog machine, temperature analog machine and overland flow analog machine, wherein said rainfall simulation equipment, simulation of wind equipment, sleet analog machine, Simulation of Snowfall equipment and described sunshine analog machine be arranged at respectively the top of described experiment table, described temperature analog machine is arranged at described experiment table surrounding, and described overland flow analog machine is arranged at described experiment table side and below, described control system unit comprises electric power system, water system and signal acquiring processing system, described electric power system and described simulation of wind equipment, sunshine, analog machine and described temperature analog machine were electrically connected to provide power supply, and described water system is connected to provide water source with described rainfall simulation equipment, sleet analog machine, Simulation of Snowfall equipment and described overland flow analog machine, described signal acquiring processing system and described experiment table are electrically connected for gathering described sensor signal.

Preferably, described experimental provision comprises ceiling and surrounding wall, and described ceiling and surrounding wall are connected to the cylindrical cover body that transparent toughened glass is made, and described experiment table and described compound extreme environment analogue unit are arranged in described cylindrical cover body.

Preferably, described experiment table regulating device comprises hydraulic stem and hydraulic cylinder, the upper end of described hydraulic stem is fixed on the other end of the described bottom base relative with the downstream baffle plate, the lower end of described hydraulic stem is connected with described hydraulic cylinder, described hydraulic cylinder is arranged at described bottom base below, extension elongation by described hydraulic stem changes the angle that changes described bottom base, and then the head fall of regulating described domatic base plate.

Preferably, described soil block tender below arranges the tender regulator, described tender regulator is laid in the top of described domatic base plate, described tender regulator comprises height regulating rod and supporting plate, described height regulating rod is Z-shaped with for regulating height, described height regulating rod upper end is fixedly connected with described supporting plate, and described soil block tender is positioned on described supporting plate, by the height of regulating each described tender regulator, produces scraggly actual landform to form Complex Sloping to be simulated.

Preferably, described supporting plate is a foraminate regular hexagon steel plate of tool, and the upper surface of described supporting plate is the coarse bed course of one deck porous, and the coarse bed course of described porous allows that the seepage flow of described soil block tender passes through.

Preferably, described bottom base is the fluid-tight steelwork component with cavity, and described bottom base inside is provided with monitoring and regulates the attemperating unit of internal temperature, in order to emulation deep soil internal temperature.

Preferably, described downstream baffle plate has engraved structure, and described downstream baffle surface is coated with one deck flexible filter screen, allows that the seepage flow of described soil block tender passes through.

Preferably, described soil block tender is to have the regular hexagon prism structure that rigidity steel wire structure connects framework, described pressure transducer is arranged in described soil block tender bottom surface near six Nodes, and described soil humidity sensor interval is arranged in the center of described soil block tender.

Preferably, described signal acquiring processing system comprises signal amplifier, communication network and data storage cell, described amplifier and described a plurality of pressure transducer, described a plurality of soil humidity sensors and described horizontal displacement sensors are electrically connected, described signal amplifier is electrically connected by described communication network and described data storage cell, and described signal amplifier carries out the data storage by after the signal amplification, by described communication network, being transferred to described data storage cell.

Preferably, described rainfall simulation equipment comprises many water pipes, upper tank and the top water pump that is placed in described ceiling, every described water pipe is laid a plurality of raindrop generators, described water pipe is connected with described water tank, described top water pump is connected with described upper tank, and it is described water pipe variable-pressure water supply that described top water pump is equipped with RHVC; Described water system comprises described upper tank and described top water pump.

Preferably, described simulation of wind equipment comprises two circular orbits and many Mobile fans, described two circular orbits are that upper and lower two layer heights can be arranged on described experiment table top with regulating, described many Mobile fans are placed on described two circular orbits, the air outlet wind direction of described Mobile fan can be bobbed and woven, for the Simulation of Complex wind field; Described electric power system (20) comprises alternating current generator and control box, and described alternating current generator and described control box are electrically connected, and described control box and described Mobile fan are electrically connected.

Preferably, described sleet analog machine comprises many cooling standpipes, and described cooling standpipe is arranged in described upper tank; Described water system comprises described upper tank and described top water pump.

Preferably, described Simulation of Snowfall equipment comprises the snowmaking generating apparatus that is placed in described ceiling outside, be placed in many of described ceiling send the snow pipe, described snowmaking generating apparatus is connected with described upper tank, and described upper tank provides water source for described snowmaking generating apparatus; Described water system comprises described upper tank and described top water pump.

Preferably, described snowmaking generating apparatus comprises the double feed inlet nozzle that is placed in described ceiling outside, air compressor machine, low temperature iron flask and exhaust tube, described double feed inlet nozzle is embedded in the bottom of low temperature iron flask, the double feed inlet nozzle comprises two imports and a jet expansion, jet expansion stretches in the low temperature iron flask, an import of described double feed inlet nozzle is connected for inputting water at low temperature with described upper tank, another import of described double feed inlet nozzle is connected for inputting gases at high pressure with described air compressor machine, the water at low temperature of input is upwards sprayed in described low temperature iron flask by the jet expansion of described double feed inlet nozzle after mixing in the double feed inlet nozzle with gases at high pressure simultaneously, form snowmaking at described low temperature iron flask intercrystalline, described Low-temperature Iron tank top send the snow pipe to be connected the snowmaking that conveying has been manufactured by described exhaust tube with described many.

Preferably, described sunshine, analog machine was placed in described ceiling, described sunshine analog machine by many light intensity, adjustable distribution of light sources forms, for launching visible ray, infrared ray and ultraviolet simulating sun according to changing round the clock; Described electric power system comprises that alternating current generator and the described alternating current generator of control box and described control box are electrically connected, and described control box and described light source are to be electrically connected.

Preferably, described temperature analog machine comprises Electric radiant Heating Film and cooling tube, described Electric radiant Heating Film is laid in described surrounding wall, described cooling tube is placed on the wall of described surrounding by support bar, described temperature analog machine setting height(from bottom) is not less than the most significant end of experiment table, the effect of described Electric radiant Heating Film is conducted heat in described cylindrical cover body by infrared radiation, and described cooling tube is for circulating and realize experimental situation fast cooling in described cylindrical cover body by cool brine; Described electric power system comprises alternating current generator and control box, and described alternating current generator and described control box are electrically connected, and described control box electrically is connected with described Electric radiant Heating Film.

Preferably, described overland flow analog machine comprises the upstream inpoundment groove, the both sides water leg, the downstream water leg, bottom reserve tank and bottom water pump, described upstream inpoundment groove is connected with described bottom reserve tank by plastic tube, described bottom water pump is connected with described bottom reserve tank, described upstream inpoundment groove is arranged on the end of described experiment table near described hydraulic stem, described downstream water leg is arranged on the other end of described experiment table near described downstream baffle plate, described both sides water leg is arranged at respectively the two side of described experiment table, described downstream water leg is communicated with described both sides water leg, described both sides water leg is connected with described upstream inpoundment groove by weep hole respectively, described upstream inpoundment groove outside wall is higher than the inner side edge wall, the outside wall of described upstream inpoundment groove and described both sides water leg and described downstream catch basin is all higher than the height of described soil block tender, the inner side edge wall of described upstream inpoundment groove and described both sides water leg and described downstream catch basin is the limit wall of described experiment table, make current only can inwardly continue overflow cross the inner edge wall enter the experiment domatic on, form domatic cross flow phenomenon, described water system comprises described bottom reserve tank and described bottom water pump.

Preferably, described rainfall simulation equipment, simulation of wind equipment, sleet analog machine, Simulation of Snowfall equipment, sunshine analog machine, temperature analog machine and overland flow analog machine can be arbitrarily separately or combination open and use.

Preferably, described rainfall simulation equipment, simulation of wind equipment, sleet analog machine, each outlet in the cylindrical cover body of described experimental provision of Simulation of Snowfall equipment are equipped with opening/shutting valve.

The present invention provides a kind of compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique simultaneously, described experimental technique adopts described compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision, comprise the following steps: determine analog parameter, one or more in temperature, wind, rainfall and the snowfall parameter of the definite compound extreme weather that will simulate and duration thereof; Make domatic model, according to the horizontal scaling engineer's scale, actual landform is zoomed to the moulded dimension that described domatic base plate can hold according to the actual landform size, and described model is divided into to the described soil block tender of a plurality of regular hexagon prism structures, put into the soil be made according to actual soil constitution in described a plurality of described soil block tender, described a plurality of described soil block tenders are arranged in to the domatic model that on described domatic base plate, formation is comprised of a plurality of described soil block tenders; Regulate landform, corresponding actual landform, regulate described regulator solution depression bar length, makes the whole gradient of described domatic model have the rate of change of setting; The humidity of the described soil block tender of initialization; Initialization temperature and sunshine condition; Carry out one or more simulation steps in rainfall simulation, simulation of wind, sleet simulation, Simulation of Snowfall, simulation at sunshine, temperature simulation and overland flow and flood simulation; The relevant data by the sensor collection; Data are sent to described signal acquiring processing system.

Preferably, the described soil block tender of described initialization humidity step comprises: at normal temperatures, the attemperating unit of described bottom base only carries out temperature monitoring, described normal temperature adopts will simulate regional average temperature of the whole year, open described rainfall simulation equipment and rainfall intensity be set and the duration, treat that soil drenches fully, close described rainfall simulation equipment, record the signal of the signal of described pressure transducer and described soil humidity sensor until soil moisture content drops to 40%, obtain the primary data of one group of described soil block tender internal pressure and corresponding water cut.

Preferably, described initialization temperature and sunshine condition step comprise that the Electric radiant Heating Film emission infrared ray of opening described temperature analog machine is rapidly heated to the weather temperature that will simulate, open described sunshine analog machine and simulate sunshine round the clock and change, set and continue a simulation number of days.

Preferably, described rainfall simulation step comprises rainfall intensity and running parameter thereof in opening described rainfall simulation equipment sets one day, sets and continues the simulation number of days.

Preferably, described simulation of wind step comprises the described simulation of wind equipment of opening, and the wind speed that setting will be simulated, wind direction and transformation parameter are set and continued the simulation number of days.

Preferably, described sleet simulation steps comprises: open described sleet analog machine, set rainfall amount and continue the simulation number of days, to the refrigerating medium of annotating in cooling standpipe, in upper tank, water body keeps circulating after water temperature is down to below 0 degree, open the valve of the raindrop generator of the top water pump of described rainfall simulation equipment and described rainfall simulation equipment, realize the sleet precipitation under the cold meteorological condition of simulation.

Preferably, described Simulation of Snowfall step comprises: open described Simulation of Snowfall equipment and carry out the artificial snowing simulation, set snowfall and continue the simulation number of days, during artificial snow at first to the cooling standpipe filling refrigerating medium in upper tank, the water at low temperature of circulation by described top water be pumped into described snowmaking generating apparatus in form snowmaking by by described exhaust tube continued send into ceiling many piece send snow pipe thereafter, under the effect of inside and outside differential pressure, freely descend slowly and lightly to experiment table, enable the temperature Change of described temperature analog machine snowfall simulation event front and back simultaneously, simulate extreme snowfall meteorological condition and snow dissolve after on the impact of soil erosion.

Preferably, described sunshine, simulation steps comprised that opening described sunshine analog machine regulates according to the conversion of sunshine that described light source is strong and weak to be changed, and simulated round the clock sunshine and changed and sets and continue the individual number of days of simulating.

Preferably, described temperature simulation steps comprises: while simulating the situation of cooling, open described temperature analog machine and close the temperature analog machine to described cooling tube filling cool brine circulation fast cooling after temperature required, set lasting simulation number of days; While simulating situation about heating up, the Electric radiant Heating Film emission infrared ray of opening the temperature analog machine slowly heats up, and sets and simulates number of days and institute's intensification degree in the simulation number of days set.

Preferably, described overland flow and flood simulation step comprise: open the overland flow analog machine, control described bottom pump capacity and make the interior inner edge wall that described upstream inpoundment groove is crossed in overflow, the formation overland flow phenomenon in various degree of continuing of current direction; When the simulation peb process, increase the outside wall of described both sides water leg, upstream inpoundment groove and downstream water leg, when described weep hole is opened, current flow into described both sides water leg and import described downstream water leg, water level constantly raises, and can simulate the flood inundation on tracks process.

Preferably, in described simulation steps, want signal, the signal of soil humidity sensor and the signal of described horizontal displacement sensors of the pressure transducer in the described soil block tender of Real-time Collection, the signal received is stored in data storage cell by communication network after the signal amplifier conversion.

Preferably, described adjusting landform step comprises that the height of finely tuning each tender regulator is corresponding consistent with actual landform, can accurately simulate actual kame-and-kettle topography.

Preferably, described simulation steps independent or combination is arbitrarily carried out, and realizes single extreme weather or the soil erosion of the extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces of different composite are simulated exactly.

Preferably, the whole adjustable extent of the gradient of the rate of change value of described setting domatic model to be simulated is 0-26.7%.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: described rainfall simulation equipment, simulation of wind equipment, sleet analog machine, Simulation of Snowfall equipment, sunshine analog machine, temperature analog machine and overland flow analog machine can be arbitrarily separately or combination open and use, the simulation of realization to single extreme weather or different composite extreme environment, the present invention has guaranteed reliability and the applicability of compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experiment, compared to existing method, obvious advantage is arranged.

The accompanying drawing explanation

By Figure of description and the embodiment that is used from subsequently explanation the present invention some principle with Figure of description one, the further feature that the present invention has and advantage will become clear or more specifically be illustrated.

The principle logic relation picture that Fig. 1 is compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is experiment table structure of the present invention and precipitation apparatus schematic diagram;

Fig. 4 is soil block tender of the present invention and domatic base plate schematic diagram;

Fig. 5 is pressure transducer of the present invention and soil humidity sensor space position figure;

Fig. 6 is device water supply circle logic graph of a relation of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is snowmaking generating apparatus structural representation of the present invention.

Main symbol description

The compound extreme environment analogue unit of 1 experiment table 2

3 control system unit

The domatic base plate of 4 bottom base 5

6 downstream baffle plate 7 hydraulic stems

8 soil block tender 9 tender regulators

10 pressure transducer 11 soil humidity sensors

12 horizontal displacement sensors 13 rainfall simulation equipment

14 simulation of wind equipment 15 sleet analog machines

16 Simulation of Snowfall equipment analog machines at 17 sunshine

18 temperature analog machine 19 overland flow analog machines

23 exhaust tube 24 low temperature iron flasks

25 top water pump 26 bottom water pumps

27 upper tank 28 bottom reserve tanks

29 upstream inpoundment groove 30 both sides water legs

31 downstream water leg 32 double feed inlet nozzles

33 air compressor machines.

Should understand, Figure of description might not show concrete structure of the present invention pari passu, and also can take for the n-lustrative feature that some principle of the present invention is described the technique of painting of slightly simplifying in Figure of description.Specific design feature of the present invention disclosed herein for example comprises that concrete size, direction, position and profile will be partly will be applied and the environment of use is determined by concrete.

In several accompanying drawings of Figure of description, identical Reference numeral means the identical or part that is equal to of the present invention.

Embodiment

A lot of details have been set forth in the following description so that fully understand the present invention.But the present invention can implement much to be different from alternate manner described here, those skilled in the art can be in the situation that do similar popularization without prejudice to intension of the present invention, so the present invention is not subject to the restriction of following public specific embodiment.

The invention provides a kind of compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision, comprise experiment table, compound extreme environment analogue unit and control system unit, described experiment table comprises bottom base, domatic base plate, the downstream baffle plate, a plurality of soil block tenders and experiment table regulating device, described domatic base plate covers and is arranged on described bottom base, described downstream baffle plate is arranged at an end of described bottom base and described downstream baffle plate and described domatic base plate and is slidably connected, described soil block tender is positioned on described domatic base plate, described experiment table regulating device is connected with bottom base for regulating the angle of inclination of described experiment table, be provided with pressure transducer and soil humidity sensor in described soil block tender, described downstream baffle plate is provided with horizontal displacement sensors, described horizontal displacement sensors can be measured the horizontal shift of the domatic slip in upstream and the rear downstream end of soil losses accumulation, described compound extreme environment analogue unit comprises a plurality of analog machines in rainfall simulation equipment, simulation of wind equipment, sleet analog machine, Simulation of Snowfall equipment, sunshine analog machine, temperature analog machine and overland flow analog machine, wherein said rainfall simulation equipment, simulation of wind equipment, sleet analog machine, Simulation of Snowfall equipment and described sunshine analog machine be arranged at respectively the top of described experiment table, described temperature analog machine is arranged at described experiment table surrounding, and described overland flow analog machine is arranged at described experiment table side and below, described control system unit comprises electric power system, water system and signal acquiring processing system, described electric power system and described simulation of wind equipment, sunshine, analog machine and described temperature analog machine were electrically connected to provide power supply, and described water system is connected to provide water source with described rainfall simulation equipment, sleet analog machine, Simulation of Snowfall equipment and described overland flow analog machine, described signal acquiring processing system and described experiment table are electrically connected for gathering described sensor signal.

The cavity that the bottom base of described experiment table is steel construction, inside is provided with monitoring and regulates the attemperating unit of internal temperature, in order to simulate the deep soil internal temperature; Be covered with domatic base plate on bottom base, this base plate is a rectangle smooth steel plate with holes, allows soil infiltration to drain to down thus bottom base and discharges.Hydraulic stem is fixed on an end of bottom base, and root is connected with hydraulic cylinder, changes the angle of rod member and bottom base when top length changes, and variation range, between 0 to 75 degree, realizes the head fall of domatic base plate is regulated; In the experiment table downstream, the other end that is hydraulic stem is provided with the downstream baffle plate, in the baffle plate of downstream, outside all is coated with flexible filter screen, allow that Soil Slope seepage flow passes through, downstream baffle plate and domatic base plate are slidably connected, the downstream baffle plate is provided with horizontal displacement sensors, can measure the horizontal shift that rear downstream end is piled up in the domatic slip in upstream and soil losses.

Simulation of Complex is domatic for carrying treating of manually making for described domatic base plate, and this is domatic, and by several, soil block tender and tender regulator form one to one.The tender regulator that lay one by one domatic base plate top is comprised of height regulating rod and supporting plate, height regulating rod is the height-adjustable fine steel tube of Z-shaped, the height regulating rod upper end is welded with supporting plate, this supporting plate is for holding the soil block tender, the regular hexagon steel plate that supporting plate is a densely covered aperture, upper surface is the coarse bed course of one deck porous, and the seepage flow of tolerable top soil block tender passes through; Between soil block tender and domatic base plate, by the tender regulator, be connected, the soil block tender is the regular hexagon prism structure, length of side 20cm, high 15cm, rigidity steel wire structure connects framework, need be in mould during making successively filling soil form standard component, all be furnished with pressure transducer, soil humidity sensor in each soil block tender, wherein pressure transducer is arranged in soil block tender bottom surface near six Nodes, the Soil Moisture Sensor interval is arranged in soil block tender center, for measuring holard load; The soil block tender is placed on the tender regulator one by one side by side, and the contrast actual landform changes, and by the height of regulating each soil tender regulator, produces scraggly actual landform to form Complex Sloping to be simulated.

Described compound extreme environment analogue unit is provided with rainfall simulation equipment, comprise 4 water pipes that are placed in the confined space ceiling, every water pipe is evenly laid 8 raindrop generators, the water pipe special-purpose upper tank external with is connected, be that water pipe supplies water by frequency conversion speed adjusting pump, can simulate the rainmaking of raininess scope 0.5-30mm/min, simulation of wind equipment is comprised of many Mobile fans that are placed on circular orbit, circular orbit is for two-layer up and down, orbit altitude is adjustable, arrange the Mobile fan that is no less than 8 on every circular orbit, air inlet is located at top, wind sprays from air outlet by air supply duct, and Mobile fan air outlet wind direction can be bobbed and woven, for the Simulation of Complex wind field, when opening rainfall simulation equipment and simulation of wind equipment to higher limit, can simulate under extreme compound condition the heavy showers process as typhoon simultaneously, the sleet analog machine comprises 10 of the cooling standpipes that are arranged in above-mentioned special-purpose upper tank, when needs simulation sleet, to filling refrigerating medium propylene glycol solution in cooling standpipe, in upper tank, water body keeps circulating after water temperature is down to below 0 degree, open the frequency conversion speed adjusting pump of rainfall simulation equipment and the valve of raindrop generator, can realize simulating the sleet precipitation under cold meteorological condition, Simulation of Snowfall equipment send the snow pipe to be comprised of external snowmaking generating apparatus with 4 that are placed in ceiling, during artificial snow-making, the circulation water at low temperature in above-mentioned special-purpose upper tank is sent into to the double feed inlet nozzle with the top water pump, open air compressor machine input pressure-air mixes with it simultaneously, form the low-temperature atomizing water droplet after upwards spraying into the low temperature iron flask, form snowmaking at low temperature iron flask intercrystalline, snowmaking continues to send into 4 of ceiling via exhaust tube and send the snow pipe, under the effect of inside and outside differential pressure, freely descend slowly and lightly to experiment table, dissolve rear soil erosion situation for simulating extreme snowfall meteorological condition and snow, sunshine, analog machine was placed in ceiling, by the light emitting source of a plurality of simulated solar irradiations, was uniformly distributed and was formed, and light source is launched visible ray, infrared ray and ultraviolet ray, by electric switch, regulated the strong and weak simulating sun of light source according to changing round the clock, the temperature analog machine is comprised of the Electric radiant Heating Film that is laid in the surrounding wall and the cooling tube be placed on the wall support bar of limit, setting height(from bottom) is not less than the experiment table top, the effect of Electric radiant Heating Film is to realize being rapidly heated to conducting heat in confined space by infrared radiation, the effect of cooling tube is to circulate and realize being used alternatingly the fast cooling of experimental situation in confined space and can simulating the temperature environment that extremely colds and heat succeed each other by both by cool brine, the overland flow analog machine comprises the upstream inpoundment groove be connected by the special-purpose storage of plastic tube and another bottom reserve tank, Bi both sides, experiment table left and right sides water leg, and the downstream water leg consisted of downstream baffle plate and coaming plate.The upstream inpoundment groove is arranged on experiment table one end, and by water pipe and the water pump that is attached thereto and water tank, to the groove inner water-supply, upstream inpoundment groove outside wall is higher than the inner side edge wall, makes in current direction to continue overflow and cross the inner edge wall, forms domatic cross flow phenomenon, the both sides water leg is communicated with upstream inpoundment groove and downstream water leg, interior outside wall is high 10cm all, the outside wall can be installed and increase baffle plate when the simulation peb process, water leg lower end, two both sides is communicated with the downstream water leg, can allow current directly to pass through, but water leg upper end, both sides and upstream inpoundment groove are by the folding weep hole UNICOM controlled by electric switch, when weep hole is opened, current flow directly into the both sides water leg and can import the downstream water leg, but water leg bottom in downstream is provided with the folding water delivering orifice that electric switch is controlled, water unnecessary in tank is discharged, when closing water delivering orifice, the continuous harmony of water level is high, can simulate the flood inundation on tracks process, can the mimic water-depth fluctuation by controlling upstream inpoundment groove discharge and downstream catch basin water flow.

The electric power system of described control system unit for simulation of wind equipment, sunshine analog machine, temperature analog machine and experiment table power supply is provided; In water system, use a frequency conversion speed adjusting pump to be connected with a special-purpose upper tank, for rainfall simulation equipment, sleet analog machine, Simulation of Snowfall equipment provide respectively the water source of different temperatures; A miniature interchange water pump is connected with a special-purpose bottom reserve tank, for the overland flow analog machine provides water source; Signal acquiring processing system is for gathering the various kinds of sensors signal, comprise pressure sensor signal, soil humidity sensor signal, horizontal displacement sensors signal in the soil block tender, the signal received is stored in data storage cell by communication network after the signal amplifier conversion.

Described rainfall simulation equipment, sleet analog machine, Simulation of Snowfall equipment share a top water pump and upper tank supplies water, upper tank includes controlled cooling standpipe and regulates water source water temperature variation, its controlling feature is, do not enable cooling standpipe when enabling when rainfall simulation equipment carries out the normal temperature rainfall simulation, carry out low temperature sleet when simulation and open cooling standpipe when enabling the sleet analog machine, when enabling when Simulation of Snowfall equipment carries out Simulation of Snowfall, open cooling standpipe and provide water source for producer's artificial snow-making.

Below, by reference to the accompanying drawings specific embodiments of the invention are described.Refer to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 7, the invention provides a kind of compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision.

As shown in Figure 1, experimental provision of the present invention comprises experiment table 1, compound extreme environment analogue unit 2, control system unit 3:

As shown in Figure 2, this experimental provision is arranged in the cylindrical cover body that transparent grp makes, described cover body comprises ceiling and surrounding wall, the core operation of described experimental provision completes in a right cylinder confined space, bottom surface radius 4.0m, high 4.0m, surrounding wall and ceiling are made by clear glass; The outlet of experiment table 1, compound extreme environment analogue unit 2 all is placed in this confined space, and control system unit 3 and other utility appliance all are placed in the outside of this confined space:

The bottom base 4 of experiment table 1 forms for steel construction, and the bottom base base plate is a waterproof smooth steel plate of rectangle, is of a size of 7m * 4.6m, and base interior is the cavity structure of high about 0.4m, is furnished with temperature regulator, can monitor and control the temperature in cavity.Bottom base 4 is supported by two hydraulic stems 7 and castor, hydraulic stem 7 is connected with hydraulic cylinder and is fixed on the end of bottom base near upstream side, when changing the length variations of hydraulic stem 7 (the long flexible scope 0-1.87m of bar), the angle of hydraulic stem and bottom base 4 changes, the angle variation range is between the 0-75 degree, can and then regulate the head fall of domatic base plate 5, the whole adjustable extent of the gradient of domatic model to be simulated is 0-26.7%; As shown in Figure 3, the other end at hydraulic stem 7, be that variable domatic downstream part is provided with a downstream baffle plate 6, be of a size of 4.6m * 0.2m, the plank material that this downstream baffle plate is hollow out, front and back all are coated with one deck flexible filter screen, the seepage flow of tolerable upstream soil passes through, and this baffle plate bottom, downstream is arranged on the guide rail of domatic base plate top, and fixed by spring, slide before and after can be within the specific limits while being subject to horizontal thrust, be provided with horizontal displacement sensors 12 on the baffle plate of downstream, for measuring slip after the erosion caused by sloping surfaces of upstream and the horizontal shift of accumulation.

As shown in Figure 3, the top of above-mentioned domatic base plate 5 is, for simulation, the Complex Sloping of soil erosion to occur.Due to reality domatic (as, falling zone, reservoir bank, small watershed in mountain etc.) topographic relief indefinite, occur may form cross flow and streams after rainfall, traditional means of experiment is smooth-going domatic for manual manufacture usually only, can not truly reflect actual soil erosion situation, therefore the present invention has proposed a kind of domatic method for making of soil erosion and device that is applicable to the Complex Sloping landform first: at first according to actual landform, by scale effect, be scaled the domatic topographic coordinate of laboratory experiment (horizontal scaling guide 1000:1 in this example); Landform is divided into to a plurality of uniform grids, and grid is regular hexagon, and length of side 20cm settles a soil block tender 8 in each grid, and high 15cm, be placed on the supporting plate of a tender regulator 9; (in the present embodiment, use 310) after placing all soil block tenders 8, the height of finely tuning each tender regulator 9 is corresponding consistent with actual landform, both can accurately simulate actual kame-and-kettle topography.Described soil block tender 8 is the regular hexagon prism structure, length of side 20cm, and high 15cm, adopt rigidity steel wire structure to be connected into structural framing, when making the soil block tender, at first in Standard Module, according to actual underlying surface soil, forms, and successively filling soil is made; On domatic base plate 5, the tender regulator 9 of welding is for supporting soil block tender 8, interval 20cm in twos; Tender regulator 9 is comprised of height regulating rod and supporting plate, height regulating rod is the height-adjustable fine steel tube of Z-shaped, the height regulating rod upper end is welded with supporting plate, this supporting plate is for holding soil block tender 8, the regular hexagon steel plate that supporting plate is a densely covered aperture, upper surface is the coarse bed course of one deck porous, and the seepage flow of tolerable top soil block tender 8 is by (Fig. 4).As shown in Figure 5, all be furnished with pressure transducer 10, soil humidity sensor 11 in above-mentioned soil block tender, pressure transducer 10 wherein is arranged in six of soil block tender bottom surfaces Nodes, and soil humidity sensor 11 intervals are arranged in soil block tender center, for measuring holard load.

Above, the experiment table 1 while both for a kind of compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision of employing the present invention, carrying out laboratory experiment.

When different weather environment conditions change, corresponding domatic soil erosion also can change, and this is the excessive main cause of conventional indoor soil erosion experimental technique measuring error.For overcoming above-mentioned defect, the invention provides compound extreme environment analogue unit 2, for simulate rule or extreme or single or compound meteorology and ground environment condition in confined space, comprise rainfall, wind field, sleet, snowfall, sunshine, temperature etc., the function of overland flow simulation is provided in addition.As shown in Figure 1, rainfall simulation equipment 13 comprises 4 galvanizing pipes that are placed in the confined space ceiling, caliber 32mm, every water pipe lower end evenly is laid with 8 raindrop generators, water pipe is connected with a special-purpose upper tank, upper tank is of a size of 1.2m * 1.2 * 1.5m, upper tank 27 connects a frequency control top water pump 25(DC-85W-10000L/H-5m), with Frequency Converter Control top water pump, it is the water pipe constant pressure water supply, auto-breaking when anhydrous, automatically regulate the outflow of raindrop generator, the scope of simulation raininess is 0.5-30mm/min, simulation of wind equipment 14 comprises that 16 Fans that are placed on upper and lower two circular orbits are (for ease of reading, only provide a Fans in Fig. 1), circular orbit is provided with drive unit and can moves up and down, 8 removable blower fans are set on every track, air outlet is 1m below air inlet, air-out direction can be bobbed and woven, can in confined space, simulate required complicated wind field in the time of the wind speed size of adjusting each air outlet and angle, in addition, establish 14 to the utmost during higher limit when open rainfall simulation equipment 13 and simulation of wind simultaneously, can simulate the heavy showers process of (as typhoon) under extreme compound condition, sleet analog machine 15 comprises 10 of the cooling standpipes that are arranged in above-mentioned special-purpose upper tank 27, when needs simulation sleet, to filling refrigerating medium propylene glycol solution in cooling standpipe, water body in upper tank 27 keeps circulating always avoids icing, after water temperature is down to below 0 degree, open frequency control top water pump 25 and the raindrop generator valve of rainfall simulation equipment, both can simulate the sleet precipitation under cold meteorological condition, enable the temperature Change of temperature analog machine simulation sleet event as described below front and back simultaneously, the Latent destruction and the impact that can Measurement accuracy sleet process domatic soil erosion be caused, Simulation of Snowfall equipment 16 send the snow pipe to be comprised of external snowmaking generating apparatus (as shown in Figure 7) with 4 that are placed in ceiling.As shown in Figure 7, described snowmaking generating apparatus comprises the double feed inlet nozzle 32 that is placed in described ceiling outside, air compressor machine 33, low temperature iron flask 24 and exhaust tube 23, described double feed inlet nozzle 32 is embedded in the bottom of low temperature iron flask 24, double feed inlet nozzle 32 comprises two imports and a jet expansion, jet expansion stretches in low temperature iron flask 24, an import of described double feed inlet nozzle 32 is connected for inputting water at low temperature with described upper tank 27, another import of described double feed inlet nozzle 32 is connected for inputting gases at high pressure with described air compressor machine 33, the water at low temperature of input is upwards sprayed in low temperature iron flask 24 by the jet expansion of described double feed inlet nozzle after mixing in the double feed inlet nozzle with gases at high pressure simultaneously, form snowmaking at described low temperature iron flask 24 intercrystallines, described low temperature iron flask 24 tops send the snow pipe to be connected the snowmaking that conveying has been manufactured by described exhaust tube 23 with described many.During artificial snow at first to special-purpose upper tank 27 interior to cooling standpipe filling refrigerating medium propylene glycol solution, the water at low temperature of circulation with top water pump 25 sent into to double feed inlet nozzle thereafter, open the lasting input of air compressor machine pressure-air mixes with it simultaneously, form the low-temperature atomizing water droplet after upwards spraying into the low temperature iron flask, in the low temperature iron flask, the crystallization of low-temperature atomizing water droplet forms snowmaking, snowmaking continues to send into 4 of ceiling via exhaust tube and send the snow pipe, under the effect of inside and outside differential pressure, freely descend slowly and lightly to experiment table, enable the temperature Change of temperature analog machine snowfall simulation event as described below front and back simultaneously, for simulate extreme snowfall meteorological condition and snow dissolve after on the impact of soil erosion, sunshine, analog machine 17 was placed in ceiling, by the light emitting source of a plurality of simulated solar irradiations, was uniformly distributed and was formed, and layout density is 4/m ², light source is launched visible ray, infrared ray and ultraviolet ray, by electric switch, regulates the strong and weak simulating sun of light source according to changing round the clock, temperature analog machine 18 is comprised of the Electric radiant Heating Film that is laid in the surrounding wall and 4 cooling tubes that are placed on the wall support bar of limit, the setting height(from bottom) of Electric radiant Heating Film and cooling tube all is not less than experiment table 1 top height, when needs are rapidly heated, open Electric radiant Heating Film emission infrared ray and carry out radiant heat transfer, in the time of the needs fast cooling, Open valve is to cooling tube filling cool brine circulation temperature lowering, the overland flow process that overland flow analog machine 19 may cause for simulating river basin flood, this device systems comprises a special-purpose bottom reserve tank 28, a miniature interchange water pump 26 in bottom, be placed in experiment table upstream inpoundment groove 29, Bi both sides, experiment table left and right sides water leg 30, with the downstream water leg 31 formed by downstream baffle plate and coaming plate, the upstream inpoundment groove is connected with water pump and water tank by plastic water pipe, by water pump to the groove inner water-supply, the interior outside wall of upstream inpoundment groove is high 5cm and 8cm respectively, controlling the bottom pump capacity when enabling this equipment makes lasting overflow in current direction cross groove inner edge wall, form overland flow phenomenon in various degree, two sides of experiment table are respectively equipped with water leg, the both sides water leg is communicated with upstream inpoundment groove and downstream water leg, the interior outside of both sides water leg wall is high 10cm all, the outside wall can be installed and increase baffle plate when the simulation peb process, but the weep hole UNICOM of the folding that both sides water leg and upstream inpoundment groove are controlled by electric switch, when weep hole is opened, upstream inpoundment groove current flow into the both sides water leg and import the downstream water leg, the continuous harmony of water level is high, can simulate the flood inundation on tracks process, but water leg bottom in downstream is provided with the folding water delivering orifice that electric switch is controlled, water unnecessary in tank is discharged, by regulating upstream inpoundment groove discharge (controlling bottom water pump 26) but and downstream water leg water delivering orifice flow mimic water-depth fluctuation.

Above, the compound extreme environment analogue unit 2 while both for a kind of compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision of employing the present invention, carrying out laboratory experiment.

The invention provides control system unit 3, comprise electric power system 20, water system 21 and signal acquiring processing system 22; Electric power system 20 is comprised of alternating current generator and control box, for simulation of wind equipment 14, sunshine analog machine 17, temperature analog machine 18 power supply is provided; Water system 21 comprises frequency control top water pump 25, miniature interchange bottom water pump 26, special-purpose upper tank 27 and special-purpose bottom reserve tank 28, special-purpose upper tank 27 is connected with frequency control top water pump 25, for rainfall simulation equipment 13, sleet analog machine 15, Simulation of Snowfall equipment 16 provide respectively the water source of different temperatures, special-purpose bottom reserve tank 28 is connected with the miniature bottom water pump 26 that exchanges, for overland flow analog machine 19 provides water source; Signal acquiring processing system 22 is for gathering the various kinds of sensors signal, comprise pressure transducer 10 signals, soil humidity sensor 11 signals, horizontal displacement sensors 12 signals in soil block tender 8, the signal received is stored in data storage cell by communication network after the signal amplifier conversion.

Above, the control system unit 3 while both for a kind of compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision of employing the present invention, carrying out laboratory experiment.

Embodiment:

Use apparatus of the present invention to carry out the soil erosion lab simulation to the little closed set pool of certain Ku Wan upstream, mountain reservoir tributary and measure, for the soil erosion spatial and temporal variation of studying under compound extreme meteorological condition provides basic data.This closed set pool is located in mountain area, total area 26.8km ²domatic landform changes complicated, the high-land path difference is different large, and vertical temperature Change is obvious, and average temperature of the whole year is 16 degree, average annual rainfall amount 1110mm, but often having heavy rain to occur the annual 3-10 month, account for 70% of annual rainfall, this basin temperature Change is violent simultaneously, be everlasting and spring occurs snowfall, cause the soil erosion phenomenon.According to Field Research, find, when extreme meteorological condition, soil erosion significantly aggravates, a large amount of silt collects after entering water body and deposits, bring a large number of nutrients into simultaneously in water, obviously destroyed water quality, often the wawter bloom phenomenon occurs, the soil erosion lab simulation of therefore, carrying out under compound extreme meteorological condition under (heavy rain, rainfall, high wind, cold and heat succeed each other etc.) condition is very necessary.

Adopt apparatus of the present invention to be simulated changes of soil erosion under the compound extreme weather situation of interior appearance continuously in 2 weeks, this extreme meteorological condition is: continuous high temperature 2 days, lasting high wind and heavy showers 3 days, consecutive low temperature 2 days, lasting snowfall 3 days, persistently overheating 4 days.Adopt the step of the concrete experiment of the invention process as follows:

(1) according to actual landform, according to horizontal scaling guide 1000:1, actual landform is reduced into to the domatic indoor model size of 7m * 4.6m, it is divided into to 310 regular hexagonal cells of uniform size, puts into the soil block tender be made according to actual soil constitution in each grid;

(2) corresponding actual landform, regulator solution depression bar 7 length, making domatic whole change of slope is 5.6%, then it is corresponding consistent with actual landform to finely tune the height of each tender regulator 9, both can accurately simulate actual kame-and-kettle topography;

(3) (be averaged temperature 16 degree) under normal temperature, the base-plate temp regulator only carries out temperature monitoring, open rainfall simulation equipment and raininess 0.4mm/d is set, after continuing at least 1 hour, treat that soil drenches fully, close rainfall simulation equipment, record pressure transducer 10 signals, soil humidity sensor 11 signals until soil moisture content drops to 40%, obtain the primary data of one group of soil block tender internal pressure and corresponding water cut;

(4) the Electric radiant Heating Film emission infrared ray of opening temperature analog machine 18 is rapidly heated to 30 degree, opens sunshine analog machine 17 and simulates sunshine round the clock and change, and continues 2 simulations day;

(5) open rainfall simulation equipment 13 and work with simulation of wind equipment 14 simultaneously, simulate the heavy showers process in the high wind situation, now wind speed size 8m/s to 20m/s linear change process; Wind direction is north wind to south wind steering procedure at the uniform velocity, and in one day, rainfall intensity is changed to 0 to 6mm/hr linear change process, continues 3 simulations day; Pressure transducer 10 signals, soil humidity sensor 11 signals, horizontal displacement sensors 12 signals in Real-time Collection soil block tender 8, the signal received is stored in data storage cell by communication network after the signal amplifier conversion;

(6) close rainfall simulation equipment 13 and simulation of wind equipment 14, open temperature analog machine 18 and close temperature analog machine 18 after cooling tube filling cool brine circulation fast cooling to 5 degree, continue 2 simulations day; Pressure transducer 10 signals, soil humidity sensor 11 signals, horizontal displacement sensors 12 signals in Real-time Collection soil block tender 8, the signal received is stored in data storage cell by communication network after the signal amplifier conversion;

(7) open Simulation of Snowfall equipment 16 and carry out the artificial snowing simulation, the snowfall size is 5mm/d, continues 3 simulations day; Pressure transducer 10 signals, soil humidity sensor 11 signals, horizontal displacement sensors 12 signals in Real-time Collection soil block tender 8, the signal received is stored in data storage cell by communication network after the signal amplifier conversion;

(8) close Simulation of Snowfall equipment 16, the Electric radiant Heating Film emission infrared ray of opening temperature analog machine 18 slowly heats up, and in 4 simulation skies, temperature is at the uniform velocity risen to 20 degree; Pressure transducer 10 signals, soil humidity sensor 11 signals, horizontal displacement sensors 12 signals in Real-time Collection soil block tender 8, the signal received is stored in data storage cell by communication network after the signal amplifier conversion.

By analyzing the numerical value that records of the primary data group pressure transducer 10 corresponding with identical soil moisture of selected period, can obtain the Two dimensional Distribution of domatic model soil erosion amount; The numerical value that records by soil moisture and pressure transducer in the analysis appointed area, can obtain this Regional Erosion situation over time; Record numerical value by the analysis level displacement transducer, can obtain the stable case of the domatic soil body of day part.

In the present embodiment to rainfall simulation equipment, simulation of wind equipment, sleet analog machine, Simulation of Snowfall equipment, sunshine analog machine, temperature analog machine and overland flow analog machine can be arbitrarily separately or combination open and use, realized the flexibly and accurately simulation to single extreme weather or different composite extreme environment, guaranteed reliability and the applicability of compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experiment, compared to existing method, obvious advantage has been arranged.

Above-described embodiment is for illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment.Those skilled in the art all can, under spirit of the present invention and category, in the claim protection domain, modify to above-described embodiment.Therefore protection scope of the present invention, should cover as claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. a compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision, comprise experiment table (1), compound extreme environment analogue unit (2) and control system unit (3), it is characterized in that:

Described experiment table (1) comprises bottom base (4), domatic base plate (5), downstream baffle plate (6), a plurality of soil block tenders (8) and experiment table regulating device, described domatic base plate (5) covers and is arranged on described bottom base (4), an end and described downstream baffle plate (6) that described downstream baffle plate (6) is arranged at described bottom base (4) are slidably connected with described domatic base plate (5), described soil block tender (8) is positioned on described domatic base plate (5), described experiment table regulating device is connected for regulating the angle of inclination of described experiment table with bottom base (4), be provided with pressure transducer (10) and soil humidity sensor (11) in described soil block tender (8), described downstream baffle plate (6) is provided with horizontal displacement sensors (12), described horizontal displacement sensors (12) can be measured the horizontal shift of the domatic slip in upstream and the rear downstream end of soil losses accumulation,

Described compound extreme environment analogue unit (2) comprises rainfall simulation equipment (13), simulation of wind equipment (14), sleet analog machine (15), Simulation of Snowfall equipment (16), analog machine at sunshine (17), a plurality of analog machines in temperature analog machine (18) and overland flow analog machine (19), wherein said rainfall simulation equipment (13), simulation of wind equipment (14), sleet analog machine (15), Simulation of Snowfall equipment (16) and described analog machine at sunshine (17) are arranged at respectively the top of described experiment table, described temperature analog machine (18) is arranged at described experiment table surrounding, described overland flow analog machine (19) is arranged at described experiment table side and below,

Described control system unit (3) comprises electric power system (20), water system (21) and signal acquiring processing system (22), described electric power system (20) is electrically connected so that power supply to be provided with described simulation of wind equipment (14), analog machine at sunshine (17) and described temperature analog machine (18), and described water system (21) is connected to provide water source with described rainfall simulation equipment (13), sleet analog machine (15), Simulation of Snowfall equipment (16) and described overland flow analog machine (19); Described signal acquiring processing system (22) is electrically connected for gathering described sensor signal with described experiment table (1).

2. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described experimental provision comprises ceiling and surrounding wall, described ceiling and surrounding wall are connected to the cylindrical cover body that transparent toughened glass is made, and described experiment table (1) is arranged in described cylindrical cover body with described compound extreme environment analogue unit (2).

3. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described experiment table regulating device comprises hydraulic stem (7) and hydraulic cylinder, the upper end of described hydraulic stem (7) is fixed on the other end of the described bottom base (4) relative with downstream baffle plate (6), the lower end of described hydraulic stem (7) is connected with described hydraulic cylinder, described hydraulic cylinder is arranged at described bottom base (4) below, extension elongation by described hydraulic stem (7) changes the angle that changes described bottom base (4), and then the head fall of regulating described domatic base plate (5).

4. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described soil block tender (8) below arranges tender regulator (9), described tender regulator (9) is laid in the top of described domatic base plate (5), described tender regulator (9) comprises height regulating rod and supporting plate, described height regulating rod is Z-shaped with for regulating height, described height regulating rod upper end is fixedly connected with described supporting plate, described soil block tender (8) is positioned on described supporting plate, produce scraggly actual landform to form Complex Sloping to be simulated by the height of regulating each described tender regulator (9).

5. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described supporting plate is a foraminate regular hexagon steel plate of tool, the upper surface of described supporting plate is the coarse bed course of one deck porous, and the coarse bed course of described porous allows that the seepage flow of described soil block tender (8) passes through.

6. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described bottom base (4) is for having the fluid-tight steelwork component of cavity, described bottom base (4) inside is provided with monitoring and regulates the attemperating unit of internal temperature, in order to emulation deep soil internal temperature.

7. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described downstream baffle plate (6) has engraved structure, described downstream baffle plate (6) surface coverage has one deck flexible filter screen, allows that the seepage flow of described soil block tender (8) passes through.

8. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described soil block tender (8) is for having the regular hexagon prism structure that rigidity steel wire structure connects framework, described pressure transducer (10) is arranged in described soil block tender (8) bottom surface near six Nodes, and described soil humidity sensor (11) interval is arranged in the center of described soil block tender (8).

9. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described signal acquiring processing system (22) comprises signal amplifier, communication network and data storage cell, described amplifier and described a plurality of pressure transducer (10), described a plurality of soil humidity sensor (11) and described horizontal displacement sensors (12) are electrically connected, described signal amplifier is electrically connected by described communication network and described data storage cell, be to be transferred to described data storage cell by described communication network after described signal amplifier amplifies signal to carry out the data storage.

10. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described rainfall simulation equipment (13) comprises many water pipes, upper tank (27) and the top water pump (25) that is placed in described ceiling, every described water pipe is laid a plurality of raindrop generators, described water pipe is connected with described water tank (27), described top water pump (25) is connected with described upper tank (27), and it is described water pipe variable-pressure water supply that described top water pump (25) is equipped with RHVC; Described water system (21) comprises described upper tank (27) and described top water pump (25).

11. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described simulation of wind equipment (14) comprises two circular orbits and many Mobile fans, described two circular orbits are that upper and lower two layer heights can be arranged on described experiment table (1) top with regulating, described many Mobile fans are placed on described two circular orbits, the air outlet wind direction of described Mobile fan can be bobbed and woven, for the Simulation of Complex wind field; Described electric power system (20) comprises alternating current generator and control box, and described alternating current generator and described control box are electrically connected, and described control box and described Mobile fan are electrically connected.

12. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described sleet analog machine (15) comprises many cooling standpipes, and described cooling standpipe is arranged in described upper tank (27); Described water system (21) comprises described upper tank (27) and described top water pump (25).

13. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described Simulation of Snowfall equipment (16) comprises that the snowmaking generating apparatus that is placed in described ceiling outside send the snow pipe with many that are placed in described ceiling, described snowmaking generating apparatus is connected with described upper tank (27), and described upper tank (27) provides water source for described snowmaking generating apparatus; Described water system (21) comprises described upper tank (27) and described top water pump (25).

14. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 13, it is characterized in that: described snowmaking generating apparatus comprises the double feed inlet nozzle (32) that is placed in described ceiling outside, air compressor machine (33), low temperature iron flask (24) and exhaust tube (23), described double feed inlet nozzle (32) is embedded in the bottom of low temperature iron flask, double feed inlet nozzle (32) comprises two imports and a jet expansion, jet expansion stretches in the low temperature iron flask, an import of described double feed inlet nozzle (32) is connected for inputting water at low temperature with described upper tank (27), another import of described double feed inlet nozzle is connected for inputting gases at high pressure with described air compressor machine (33), the water at low temperature of input is upwards sprayed in described low temperature iron flask (24) by the jet expansion of described double feed inlet nozzle (32) after mixing in double feed inlet nozzle (32) with gases at high pressure simultaneously, form snowmaking at described low temperature iron flask (24) intercrystalline, described low temperature iron flask (24) top send the snow pipe to be connected the snowmaking that conveying has been manufactured by described exhaust tube (23) with described many.

15. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described analog machine at sunshine (17) is placed in described ceiling, by many light intensity, adjustable distribution of light sources forms described analog machine at sunshine (17), for launching visible ray, infrared ray and ultraviolet simulating sun according to changing round the clock; Described electric power system (20) comprises that alternating current generator and the described alternating current generator of control box and described control box are electrically connected, and described control box and described light source are to be electrically connected.

16. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described temperature analog machine (18) comprises Electric radiant Heating Film and cooling tube, described Electric radiant Heating Film is laid in described surrounding wall, described cooling tube is placed on the wall of described surrounding by support bar, described temperature analog machine (18) setting height(from bottom) is not less than the most significant end of experiment table (1), the effect of described Electric radiant Heating Film is conducted heat in described cylindrical cover body by infrared radiation, described cooling tube is for circulating and realize experimental situation fast cooling in described cylindrical cover body by cool brine, described electric power system (20) comprises alternating current generator and control box, and described alternating current generator and described control box are electrically connected, and described control box electrically is connected with described Electric radiant Heating Film.

17. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described overland flow analog machine (19) comprises upstream inpoundment groove (29), both sides water leg (30), downstream water leg (31), bottom reserve tank (28) and bottom water pump (26), described upstream inpoundment groove is connected with described bottom reserve tank (28) by plastic tube, described bottom water pump (26) is connected with described bottom reserve tank (28), described upstream inpoundment groove is arranged on the end of described experiment table (1) near described hydraulic stem (7), described downstream water leg is arranged on the other end of described experiment table (1) near described downstream baffle plate (6), described both sides water leg is arranged at respectively the two side of described experiment table, described downstream water leg is communicated with described both sides water leg, described both sides water leg is connected with described upstream inpoundment groove by weep hole respectively, described upstream inpoundment groove outside wall is higher than the inner side edge wall, the outside wall of described upstream inpoundment groove and described both sides water leg and described downstream catch basin is all higher than the height of described soil block tender (8), the inner side edge wall of described upstream inpoundment groove and described both sides water leg and described downstream catch basin is the limit wall of described experiment table, make current only can inwardly continue overflow cross the inner edge wall enter the experiment domatic on, form domatic cross flow phenomenon, described water system (21) comprises described bottom reserve tank (28) and described bottom water pump (26).

18. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described rainfall simulation equipment (13), simulation of wind equipment (14), sleet analog machine (15), Simulation of Snowfall equipment (16), analog machine at sunshine (17), temperature analog machine (18) and overland flow analog machine (19) independent or combination are arbitrarily opened use.

19. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rainfall simulation equipment (13), simulation of wind equipment (14), sleet analog machine (15), Simulation of Snowfall equipment (16) each outlet in the cylindrical cover body of described experimental provision are equipped with opening/shutting valve.

20. a compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique, described experimental technique adopts experimental provision as described as claim 1 to 19, comprises the following steps:

Determine analog parameter, one or more in temperature, wind, rainfall and the snowfall parameter of the definite compound extreme weather that will simulate and duration thereof;

Make domatic model, according to the horizontal scaling engineer's scale, actual landform is zoomed to the moulded dimension that described domatic base plate (5) can hold according to the actual landform size, and described model is divided into to the described soil block tender (8) of a plurality of regular hexagon prism structures, put into the soil be made according to actual soil constitution in described a plurality of described soil block tenders (8), described a plurality of described soil block tenders (8) are arranged in to the upper domatic model be comprised of a plurality of described soil block tenders (8) that forms of described domatic base plate (5);

Regulate landform, corresponding actual landform, regulate described regulator solution depression bar (7) length, makes the whole gradient of described domatic model have the rate of change of setting;

The humidity of the described soil block tender of initialization (8);

Initialization temperature and sunshine condition;

Carry out one or more simulation steps in rainfall simulation, simulation of wind, sleet simulation, Simulation of Snowfall, simulation at sunshine, temperature simulation and overland flow and flood simulation;

The relevant data by the sensor collection;

Data are sent to described signal acquiring processing system (22).

21. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique according to claim 20, wherein, the described soil block tender of described initialization (8) humidity step comprises: at normal temperatures, the attemperating unit of described bottom base only carries out temperature monitoring, described normal temperature adopts will simulate regional average temperature of the whole year, open described rainfall simulation equipment (13) and rainfall intensity be set and the duration, treat that soil drenches fully, close described rainfall simulation equipment (13), record the signal of the signal of described pressure transducer (10) and described soil humidity sensor (11) until soil moisture content drops to 40%, obtain the primary data of one group of described soil block tender (8) internal pressure and corresponding water cut.

22. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique according to claim 20, wherein, described initialization temperature and sunshine condition step comprise that the Electric radiant Heating Film emission infrared ray of opening described temperature analog machine (18) is rapidly heated to the weather temperature that will simulate, open described analog machine at sunshine (17) and simulate sunshine variation round the clock, set and continue a simulation number of days.

23. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique according to claim 20, wherein, described rainfall simulation step comprises that opening described rainfall simulation equipment (13) sets rainfall intensity and running parameter thereof in one day, sets and continues the simulation number of days.

24. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique according to claim 20, wherein, described simulation of wind step comprises the described simulation of wind equipment (14) of opening, and the wind speed that setting will be simulated, wind direction and transformation parameter are set and continued the simulation number of days.

25. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique according to claim 20, wherein, described sleet simulation steps comprises: open described sleet analog machine (15), set rainfall amount and continue the simulation number of days, to the refrigerating medium of annotating in cooling standpipe, in upper tank, water body keeps circulating after water temperature is down to below 0 degree, open the valve of the raindrop generator of the top water pump (25) of described rainfall simulation equipment (15) and described rainfall simulation equipment (13), realize the sleet precipitation under the cold meteorological condition of simulation.

26. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique according to claim 20, wherein, described Simulation of Snowfall step comprises: open described Simulation of Snowfall equipment (16) and carry out the artificial snowing simulation, set snowfall and continue the simulation number of days, during artificial snow at first to the cooling standpipe filling refrigerating medium in upper tank (27), the water at low temperature of circulation with described top water pump (25) sent into described snowmaking generating apparatus in form snowmaking by by described exhaust tube continued send into ceiling many piece send snow manage thereafter, under the effect of inside and outside differential pressure, freely descend slowly and lightly to experiment table, enable the temperature Change of described temperature analog machine (18) snowfall simulation event front and back simultaneously, simulate extreme snowfall meteorological condition and snow dissolve after on the impact of soil erosion.

27. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique according to claim 20, wherein, described sunshine, simulation steps comprised that opening described analog machine at sunshine (17) regulates according to the conversion of sunshine that described light source is strong and weak to be changed, and simulated round the clock sunshine and changed and sets and continue the individual number of days of simulating.

28. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique according to claim 20, wherein, described temperature simulation steps comprises: while simulating the situation of cooling, open described temperature analog machine (18) and close temperature analog machine (18) to described cooling tube filling cool brine circulation fast cooling after temperature required, set and continue the simulation number of days; While simulating situation about heating up, the Electric radiant Heating Film emission infrared ray of opening temperature analog machine (18) slowly heats up, and sets and simulates number of days and institute's intensification degree in the simulation number of days set.

29. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique according to claim 20, wherein, described overland flow and flood simulation step comprise: open overland flow analog machine (19), control described bottom water pump (26) flow and make the interior inner edge wall that described upstream inpoundment groove (29) is crossed in overflow, the formation overland flow phenomenon in various degree of continuing of current direction; When the simulation peb process, increase the outside wall of described both sides water legs (30), upstream inpoundment groove (29) and downstream water leg (31), when described weep hole is opened, current flow into described both sides water leg and import described downstream water leg, water level constantly raises, and can simulate the flood inundation on tracks process.

30. according to the described compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique of any one in claim 23 to 29, wherein, in described simulation steps, want signal, the signal of soil humidity sensor (11) and the signal of described horizontal displacement sensors (12) of the pressure transducer (10) in the described soil block tender of Real-time Collection (8), the signal received is stored in data storage cell by communication network after the signal amplifier conversion.

31. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique according to claim 20, wherein, described adjusting landform step comprises that the height of finely tuning each tender regulator (9) is corresponding consistent with actual landform, can accurately simulate actual kame-and-kettle topography.

32. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique according to claim 20, wherein, described simulation steps independent or combination is arbitrarily carried out, and realizes single extreme weather or the soil erosion of the extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces of different composite are simulated exactly.

33. compound extreme meteorological condition Caused by Sloping Surfaces soil erosion experimental technique according to claim 20, wherein, the whole adjustable extent of the gradient of the domatic model that the rate of change value of described setting to be simulated is 0-26.7%.