CN101514911A - Movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory - Google Patents
Movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory Download PDFInfo
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- CN101514911A CN101514911A CNA2009100612007A CN200910061200A CN101514911A CN 101514911 A CN101514911 A CN 101514911A CN A2009100612007 A CNA2009100612007 A CN A2009100612007A CN 200910061200 A CN200910061200 A CN 200910061200A CN 101514911 A CN101514911 A CN 101514911A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory which comprises a power and movable towing vehicle (2), a variable slope experimental groove (3), a down-spraying type sprinkler (4), a water supply system (5) and a water loss and soil erosion observation system (6); wherein, the power and movable towing vehicle (2) comprises a power towing vehicle (7), a mobile generator (8) and an external power source (9), and the power towing vehicle (7) comprises a driving cab (47), a carriage (22) and an experimental control room (38) positioned between the driving cab (47) and the carriage (22); the mobile generator (8) and the external power source (9) are positioned on the power towing vehicle (7). The invention overcomes the defects of poor mobility, complicated control as well as time-wasting and labor-wasting experiments of various field water loss and soil erosion experimental methods and experimental facilities. The movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory can be conveniently moved in various field experimental sites, and an observing and controlling system can be used for adjusting and controlling the rainfall intensity and the variable slope experimental groove, thus the use and the operation are convenient, and the observing and controlling accuracy can be high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory that is used for soil erosion fundamental research and erosion zone dynamic monitoring, it be a kind of vehicle-mounted use self-powered, carry water supply and the circulation system, automatically regulate and control the integration unit of rain controller, soil erosion test monitoring system.
Technical background
Soil erosion is the important ecological environment problem that China faces, and the dynamic monitoring of water and soil conservation fundamental research and erosion zone must be carried out a large amount of field condition scientific experimentation observation.The experiment of slope soil erosion and observation are the basic contents of water and soil conservation, need a kind of quick on-the-spot rainfall erosion experiment and outcome measurement all-around test stand device, it can make, and each different experiments scene (comprising undisturbed soil, disturbed soil) water and soil conservation scientific experimentation reaches accurately, quick, convenient, fully automatic integral for this reason.
Traditional soil erosion Forecasting Methodology is the runoff plots of setting up in the open air under different gradient, the different vegetation coverage condition, utilizes natural rainfall that the slope soil erosion process is observed, this method cycle length, fund and human input height.The basic both at home and abroad at present manual simulation's natural precipitation that adopts, by measuring rainfall intensity, soil erosion amount, study the soil erosion regular that its rainfall pattern, underlying surface condition and different surface are handled, thereby correctly determine the soil erosion amount, set up erosion models, realize dynamic monitoring erosion zone.The simulated rainfall device of field work commonly used needs power output and large-scale transportation equipment, and inconvenience is carried, poor mobility, very inconvenience of combination and loading and unloading.Indexs such as rainfall intensity need calibration at the scene.Experimental implementation and test result obtain and the post-processed cycle is long, workload is big, therefore use to be subjected to bigger restriction.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome existing various open-air soil erosion test methods and experimental facilities poor mobility, control is complicated, during test fee, the shortcoming of effort.The invention provides a kind of movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory.
The objective of the invention is to reach: movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory by following measure, it is characterized in that it comprises power and mobile tractor, variable sloping experimental tank, following spray rain controller, water system, soil loss monitoring system, described power and mobile tractor comprise power buggy, mobile generator and external power supply, power buggy comprises pilothouse and compartment, and the test pulpit between pilothouse and compartment, mobile generator and external power supply are positioned on the power buggy; Variable sloping experimental tank is positioned at the compartment, and the following spray rain controller is fixed on the variable sloping experimental tank, and water system is connected with the following spray rain controller, and the soil loss monitoring system is positioned at the test pulpit; The soil loss monitoring system comprises shunt, sediment discharge transmitter, data capture management device; Shunt is connected with water delivering orifice on the variable sloping experimental tank, and the sediment discharge transmitter is connected with shunt, and the data capture management device connects the sediment discharge transmitter.
In technique scheme, described variable sloping experimental tank is made up of hydraulic jack and experimental tank, hydraulic jack comprises hydraulic stem and hydraulic pressure vertical rod, one end of hydraulic stem is fixed on the platform floor, the other end of hydraulic stem is positioned at the medium position of experimental tank, and the hydraulic pressure vertical rod is positioned at the periphery both sides and the symmetric arrangement of experimental tank; The following spray rain controller is made up of rainfall shower nozzle, pressure controller, rain controller pendulous device and return water system; Water system comprises water tank, water pump; Water pump connects water tank by pipeline, the conduit of pass-out connects water trap in the water tank, pressure controller is arranged on the water trap, water trap is connected with movable cross bar, the rainfall shower nozzle is fixed on the movable cross bar, the water recoverer of having a surplus on the rainfall shower nozzle feeds water tank by return pipe, and water trap is connected with return pipe, and return pipe is connected with water tank.
In technique scheme, described rain controller pendulous device comprises frequency modulator, motor, bent axle, connecting rod, the rocking arm that is linked in sequence successively, and an end of rainfall controller connects the rainfall shower nozzle, and the other end of rainfall controller connects frequency modulator, and frequency modulator connects power supply.
In technique scheme, described test also comprises the soil analysis instrument in the pulpit, changeable water supply controller, power distribution cabinet, change slope controller, electronic balance, rainfall controller.
In technique scheme, the angle variation range between described hydraulic stem and the experimental tank is 0-30 °.
Movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory of the present invention, provide a kind of vehicle-mounted, removable and use self-powered, carry water supply and following spray rain controller and soil erosion automatic monitoring system are waved in the circulation system, full-automatic regulation and control.It can be under vehicle-mounted and self-powered (generator and water pump) situation, conveniently be displaced into various field tests scene, TT﹠C system is to Rainfall height, rainfall intensity and become sloping experimental tank and regulate and control, use easy to operate, observing and controlling precision height is measured in real time, is stored the observation measurement result.The continuous variation range of rainfall intensity is big, and the big minor control field of raindrop is wide, and rainfall uniformity coefficient coefficient is higher, arbitrarily rainfall duration.This system at first adopts automatic measuring and controlling system, can show dynamic change and the curve of storing the simulated rainfall device by on-the-spot real-time online, saves a large amount of calibrations and proving time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory composition frame chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a system works principle logic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an one-piece construction synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is working state structure figure of the present invention (holding state).
Fig. 5 is the johning knot composition of water storage among the present invention and water supply part.
Fig. 6 is the structural drawing of rain controller pendulous device among the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the indoor device synoptic diagram of test control among the present invention.
1. movable water loss and soil erosion laboratories among the figure, 2. power and mobile tractor, 3. variable sloping experimental tank, 4. following spray rain controller, 5. water system, 6. soil loss monitoring system, 7. power buggy, 8. mobile generator, 9. external power supply, 10. hydraulic jack, 11. experimental tanks (in adorn soil to be measured), 12. rainfall shower nozzles (or claiming shower nozzle), 13. pressure controller, 14. rain controller pendulous devices, 15. return water systems, 16. water tank, 17. water pumps, 18. shunts, 19. the sediment discharge transmitter, 20. data capture management devices, 21. car bodies, 22. compartment, 23. the hydraulic pressure vertical rod, 24. experimental tanks, 25. water delivering orifices, 26. water trap, 27. return pipe, water recoverer surplus in the of 28., 29. power supplys, 30. frequency modulator, 31. motor, 32. bent axles, 33. connecting rods, 34. rocking arm, 35. the rainfall controller, 36. hydraulic stems, 37. movable cross bars, 38. pulpit (or claiming the test pulpit), 39. web joint, 40. rotation axiss, 41. fixed heads, 42. soil analysis instrument, 43. the water supply control desk, 44. become sloping controller, 45. power distribution cabinets, 46. electronic balance, 47. pilothouses.
Embodiment
Describe performance of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but they do not constitute limitation of the invention, only do for example, simultaneously by illustrating that advantage of the present invention will become clear more and easy and understand.
Consult accompanying drawing as can be known: movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory of the present invention, it comprises power and mobile tractor 2, variable sloping experimental tank 3, following spray rain controller 4, water system 5, soil loss monitoring system 6, described power and mobile tractor 2 comprise power buggy 7, mobile generator 8 and external power supply 9, power buggy 7 comprises pilothouse 47 and compartment 22, and the test pulpit 38 between pilothouse 47 and compartment 22, mobile generator 8 and external power supply 9 are positioned on the power buggy 7; Variable sloping experimental tank 3 is positioned at compartment 22, and following spray rain controller 4 is fixed on the variable sloping experimental tank 3, and water system 5 is connected with following spray rain controller 4, and soil loss monitoring system 6 is positioned at test pulpit 38; Soil loss monitoring system 6 comprises shunt 18, sediment discharge transmitter 19, data capture management device 20; Shunt 18 is connected with water delivering orifice 25 on the variable sloping experimental tank 3, and sediment discharge transmitter 19 is connected with shunt 18, and data capture management device 20 connects 19 (as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2) of sediment discharge transmitters.
Variable sloping experimental tank 3 is made up of hydraulic jack 10 and experimental tank 11, hydraulic jack 10 comprises hydraulic stem 36 and hydraulic pressure vertical rod 23, one end of hydraulic stem 36 is fixed on compartment 22 base plates, the other end of hydraulic stem 36 is positioned at the medium position of experimental tank 11, and hydraulic pressure vertical rod 23 is positioned at the periphery both sides and the symmetric arrangement of experimental tank 11; Following spray rain controller 4 is made up of rainfall shower nozzle 12, pressure controller 13, rain controller pendulous device 14 and return water system 15; Water system comprises water tank 16, water pump 17; Water pump 17 feeds water tank 16 by pipeline, the conduit of pass-out connects water trap 26 in the water tank 16, pressure controller 13 is arranged on the water trap 26, water trap 26 is connected with movable cross bar 37, rainfall shower nozzle 12 is fixed on the movable cross bar 37, the water recoverer 28 of having a surplus on the rainfall shower nozzle 12 feeds water tank 16 by return pipe 27, and water trap 26 is connected with return pipe 27, and return pipe 27 is connected (as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5) with water tank 16.
Rain controller pendulous device 14 comprises frequency modulator 30, motor 31, bent axle 32, connecting rod 33, the rocking arm 34 that is linked in sequence successively, one end of rainfall controller 35 connects rainfall shower nozzle 12, the other end of rainfall controller 35 connects frequency modulator 30, and frequency modulator 30 connects power supply 29 (as shown in Figure 6).
Test also comprises soil analysis instrument 42 in the pulpit 38, changeable water supply controller 43, power distribution cabinet 45, the sloping controller 44 of change, electronic balance 46, rainfall controller 35 (as shown in Figure 7).
Angle variation range between hydraulic stem 36 and the experimental tank 24 is 0-30 °.
Power resources of the present invention comprise three parts such as the power, mobile generator 8, external power supply 9 of power buggy 7, and it provides motivational guarantee by electric power, hydraulic jack and water pump for hydraulic stem 36, hydraulic pressure vertical rod 23, water system 5 and soil loss monitoring system 6 etc.
During work: power buggy 7 can be travelled to the test site, select smooth region to come to a complete stop, support the level of adjusting to, guarantee that the balance of car body reaches stable with vehicle-mounted four support cylinders.Provide power with hydraulic jack 10, under the regulation and control that become sloping controller 44, make hydraulic stem 36 act on test flume 24, adjust to the simulated experiment gradient of setting.
Vehicle-mounted fixed rain controller 4 because of it is fixed on the erosion experiment groove 24, can be regulated gradient hydraulic lifting system with erosion test groove 24 and keep vertical automatically and keep given Rainfall height when the soil erosion test of carrying out different gradient; The following spray rain controller can make rain controller 4 satisfy testing requirements by the regulator solution depression bar according to the gradient in test hillside fields.Then, utilize the water pump 17 that carries on the car that water is evacuated in the water tank 16 (if the work place does not have the water source, can directly utilize the water in the water tank 16 to experimentize), water in the water tank 16 can flow in the water trap 26 by water pipe, water in the water trap 26 arrives movable cross bar 37 again, on the movable cross bar 37 shower nozzle 12 is arranged, head residual water recoverer 28 is regulated water spray area simulating nature rainfall uniformity coefficient on the one hand, reclaims head residual water on the other hand and is recycled to water tank 16 by return pipe 27.Part water in the water trap 26 can return in the water tank 16 by return pipe 27, realizes cycling and reutilization.
Power supply 29 drives motor 31 work, motor 31 (stepper motor is better) is by bent axle 32, connecting rod 33,37 swings of rocking arm 34 drive activity cross bars, thereby driving shower nozzle 12 swings, bent axle 32 can be transformed into rectilinear motion with the circular motion of motor 31 with connecting rod 33, and evenly wave about 34 realizations of drive rocking arm, in experimental tank 24, realize simulated rainfall.The frequency that swings of shower nozzle 12 is regulated and is controlled by rainfall controller 35 and frequency modulator 30, the hydraulic pressure in the pressure controller 13 control shower nozzles 12, thus make rainfall intensity reach the requirement (as Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6) of setting.
For guaranteeing the automatic control of rainfall intensity and rainfall amount overall process, before starting working, setting under hydraulic condition and the various hunting frequency, be stored in soil loss monitoring system 6 (Fig. 2, shown in Figure 7) earlier to shower nozzle 12 calibrations and the checking rainfall intensity of different model, and test result.During official test in the open air, soil loss monitoring system 6 utilization closed loop measurement and control methods, but the dynamic change and the curve of real-time online control simulated rainfall, in the rainfall all the time maximum approach the raininess setting value.
The lower end of experimental tank 24 is fixed with hydraulic stem 36, hydraulic pressure vertical rod 23 symmetries are fixed on the side of experimental tank 24, one end of experimental tank 24 has water delivering orifice 25, the angular range that hydraulic stem 36 supports experimental tank 24 is 0-30 °, can pass through the angle of inclination of the flexible change experimental tank 24 of hydraulic stem 36, thereby satisfy the needs of various gradients experiment, but hydraulic pressure vertical rod 23 vertical with the compartment inner plane (as shown in Figure 4) all the time, thereby make the state of rainfall maintenance nature.
Each symmetric arrangement of the both sides of experimental tank 24 has three hydraulic pressure vertical rods 36, there are three hydraulic pressure vertical rods 23 (forming three pairs of hydraulic pressure vertical rods) each side, in a pair of hydraulic pressure vertical rod 23 that each motor 31 is fixed therein, promptly the shower nozzle 12 in the three pairs of hydraulic pressure vertical rods 23 has 31 controls of three motors, the bent axle 32 that is connected with motor 31, connecting rod 33, rocking arm 34 also are fixed on the hydraulic pressure cross bar 37, hydraulic pressure vertical rod 23 is scalable, thereby the height between scalable and the experimental tank 24 satisfies the working depth needs and the movement requirement (as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4) of rain controller.
The water delivering orifice 25 of test flume 24 connects in test shunt 18, runoff and sediment is behind shunt 18, entering sediment discharge transmitter 19 by water inlet pipe begins to analyze with data capture management device 20, runoff and sediment and flow control computing machine then carry out synchronously and can measure runoff rate and sediment charge work automatically by on-the-spot real-time online, and real-time online shows curve process and data storage.
The performance parameter of rain controller of the present invention: 1., the continuous variation range of raininess: 20～170mm/h; 2., rainfall uniformity coefficient coefficient is greater than 0.8; 3., raindrop size modification scope: 0.7～3.8mm; 4., rainfall duration: arbitrarily; 5., rainfall measuring accuracy 1.0mm/h; 6., rainfall degree of regulation: 7mm/h; 7., can store 1000hr rainfall raininess measurement data.
The automatic monitoring parameter of soil erosion of the present invention: 1. runoff rate: 3～6400ml/s; 2. runoff measuring error: 3ml/s; Silt measurement range: 0.5～200kg/m
3, relative error is less than 5%.
The soil that the present invention carries with car (physics and chemistry) analytical instrument 42 cooperates with GPS with pH value and the temperature that can directly measure slowly drained soil or water.Technical indicator: 1. measurement range: pH is-2.00-16.0; Temperature is 0-100 ℃, and 2. precision: pH is ± 0.01; Temperature is ± 0.5 ℃.
In order fully to satisfy the needs of water and soil conservation scientific research, the present invention has realized an equipment advanced person, perfect in shape and function, reaches the soil erosion process testing system of leading domestic level, improves and has improved water and soil conservation scientific research quality and level.Rain controller vehicle-mounted and removable supplied water, rainfall all can self-powered and automatic control, and instrument and equipment integrated level height is convenient to carry out the field test under the various operating modes.Rain test degree of accuracy height, work efficiency are greatly improved, and can be used with other instrument and equipments of movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory, have opened up the frontier of soil erosion subject field test, have bigger application value.
Claims (5)
1, movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory, it is characterized in that it comprises power and mobile tractor (2), variable sloping experimental tank (3), following spray rain controller (4), water system (5), soil loss monitoring system (6), described power and mobile tractor (2) comprise power buggy (7), mobile generator (8) and external power supply (9), power buggy (7) comprises pilothouse (47) and compartment (22), and being positioned at test pulpit (38) between pilothouse (47) and compartment (22), mobile generator (8) and external power supply (9) are positioned on the power buggy (7); Variable sloping experimental tank (3) is positioned at compartment (22), and following spray rain controller (4) is fixed on the variable sloping experimental tank (3), and water system (5) is connected with following spray rain controller (4), and soil loss monitoring system (6) is positioned at test pulpit (38); Soil loss monitoring system (6) comprises shunt (18), sediment discharge transmitter (19), data capture management device (20); Shunt (18) is connected with water delivering orifice (25) on the variable sloping experimental tank (3), and sediment discharge transmitter (19) is connected with shunt (18), and data capture management device (20) connects sediment discharge transmitter (19).
2, movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory according to claim 1, it is characterized in that variable sloping experimental tank (3) is made up of hydraulic jack (10) and experimental tank (11), hydraulic jack (10) comprises hydraulic stem (36) and hydraulic pressure vertical rod (23), one end of hydraulic stem (36) is fixed on compartment (22) base plate, the other end of hydraulic stem (36) is positioned at the medium position of experimental tank (11), and hydraulic pressure vertical rod (23) is positioned at the periphery both sides and the symmetric arrangement of experimental tank (11); Following spray rain controller (4) is made up of rainfall shower nozzle (12), pressure controller (13), rain controller pendulous device (14) and return water system (15); Water system comprises water tank (16), water pump (17); Water pump (17) connects water tank (16) by pipeline, the conduit of the interior pass-out of water tank (16) connects water trap (26), pressure controller (13) is arranged on the water trap (26), water trap (26) is connected with movable cross bar (37), rainfall shower nozzle (12) is fixed on the movable cross bar (37), the water recoverer (28) of having a surplus on the rainfall shower nozzle (12) feeds water tank (16) by return pipe (27), and water trap (26) is connected with return pipe (27), and return pipe (27) is connected with water tank (16).
3, movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory according to claim 2, it is characterized in that rain controller pendulous device (14) comprises frequency modulator (30), motor (31), bent axle (32), connecting rod (33), the rocking arm (34) that is linked in sequence successively, one end of rainfall controller (35) connects rainfall shower nozzle (12), the other end of rainfall controller (35) connects frequency modulator (30), and frequency modulator (30) connects power supply (29).
4, movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory according to claim 1, it is characterized in that also comprising in the described test pulpit (38) soil analysis instrument (42), changeable water supply controller (43), power distribution cabinet (45), become sloping controller (44), electronic balance (46), rainfall controller (35).
5, movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory according to claim 2 is characterized in that the angle variation range between described hydraulic stem (36) and the experimental tank (24) is 0-30 °.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009100612007A CN101514911B (en) | 2009-03-20 | 2009-03-20 | Movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory |
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| CN2009100612007A CN101514911B (en) | 2009-03-20 | 2009-03-20 | Movable water loss and soil erosion laboratory |
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| CN101514911B CN101514911B (en) | 2010-08-18 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102590472A (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2012-07-18 | 舒安平 | Portable dynamic soil erosion monitor |
| CN102749263A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-10-24 | 苏芳莉 | Method and equipment for determining spoil loss allowance of developed and constructed projects |
| CN103472205A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2013-12-25 | 中国长江三峡集团公司 | Slope water-soil loss experiment device and method under combined extreme meteorological conditions |
| CN104977049A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-14 | 南京林业大学 | Mobile measuring device and measuring method for grade-change runoff components |
| CN105181304A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-12-23 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Storable multifunctional drop irrigation pipe belt comprehensive testing device and application thereof |
| CN106872667A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-20 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of soil erosion measure experiment porch |
| CN107037196A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-08-11 | 哈密新智源水利水电工程建设监理有限公司 | A kind of soil erosion quantity monitoring method |
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2009
- 2009-03-20 CN CN2009100612007A patent/CN101514911B/en active Active
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102590472A (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2012-07-18 | 舒安平 | Portable dynamic soil erosion monitor |
| CN102590472B (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2015-04-29 | 舒安平 | Portable dynamic soil erosion monitor |
| CN102749263A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-10-24 | 苏芳莉 | Method and equipment for determining spoil loss allowance of developed and constructed projects |
| CN103472205A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2013-12-25 | 中国长江三峡集团公司 | Slope water-soil loss experiment device and method under combined extreme meteorological conditions |
| CN103472205B (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2014-10-08 | 中国长江三峡集团公司 | Slope water-soil loss experiment device and method under combined extreme meteorological conditions |
| CN104977049A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-14 | 南京林业大学 | Mobile measuring device and measuring method for grade-change runoff components |
| CN105181304A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-12-23 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Storable multifunctional drop irrigation pipe belt comprehensive testing device and application thereof |
| CN106872667A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-20 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of soil erosion measure experiment porch |
| CN106872667B (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2019-02-15 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Experiment porch is used in a kind of soil erosion measurement |
| CN107037196A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-08-11 | 哈密新智源水利水电工程建设监理有限公司 | A kind of soil erosion quantity monitoring method |
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| CN101514911B (en) | 2010-08-18 |
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