CN106932556B - Permafrost active layer water sport and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer and method - Google Patents
Permafrost active layer water sport and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of permafrost active layer water sport and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer and method, wherein tracer includes precipitation tracer delivery device, mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means and drainage collection device；Precipitation tracer delivery device is used to artificial tracer being well mixed with natural water, plays a part of marking water, and form the simulated precipitation of controllable raininess；Mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means include experiment soil, and for monitoring the soil moisture, soil moisture content in real time, drainage collection device is used for the collection for producing water；The present invention is in the case where Rainfall Runoff ground ice developmentally descends the different time sections such as ice-out, to testing the mobile layer water of each interior volume of soil, ground ice situation is intuitively observed, and ground temperature, soil moisture content are monitored automatically, conveniently and efficiently take the ground ice and soil water sample in frozen-thaw process in each spatial distribution.Solute, isotope tracer technique have stronger physical basis, can improve observed efficiency.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of to be used to monitor permafrost active layer water sport and underground the invention belongs to hydrological experiment technical field
The tracer and implementation method of ice frozen-thaw process.
Background technology
With global warming, cryosphere and its ecological environment influenceed are faced with huge challenge, the water of permafrost region
Literary physical process changes, will face permafrost active layer moisture change, underground ice-out the problems such as, water resource, which falls sharply, asks
Topic becomes increasingly conspicuous.
Permafrost degradation and its hydrologic effect research have attracted increasing attention.Correlative study shows in the world, in frozen soil
Under degeneration background, winter river base-flow and warm season runoff dramatically increase, and be attributed to underground ice-out, mobile layer deepen,
The runoff mechanism that thawing season extends.But how mobile layer water and underground glacial meltwater distribute on earth, where after allIt participates in water
How is the spatial and temporal scales of literary (geology) circulationContribution of the underground ice-out to water resources quantity is how, how will to change again, and how
It is undecided to influence cold region hydrology, ecology and region social economy sustainable development, relevant issues.
So far the mobile layer water sport to permafrost region, ground ice research are more deficient in China, are concentrated mainly on ground temperature, ice temperature
Numerical simulation in terms of, due to single and field inspection the inefficiencies of research meanses, lack for mobile layer water sport,
The actual observation and data of lower ice frozen-thaw process, it would be highly desirable to deep experiment and long term monitoring on small watershed scale.
As important geochemical indicators, the fossil ice research applied to arctic regions can be effective for solute, isotope
Outlet after following the trail of ice sheet moisture source and melting.Solute isotope is widely used in hydrology as artificial tracer technology
In research, tested on the spot by carrying out, manually launch tracer, research activities layer water, the solute isotopic content of ground ice
Change in time and space, accurately tracer it can go out mobile layer water sport, ground ice frozen-thaw process.Using principles such as the conservation of mass, phase can be built
The ground ice frozen-thaw process water variation model answered, to quantify the frozen-thaw process of tracer mobile layer water sport, ground ice.
The instrument in the prior art, manually developed in humid region in terms of the hydrology such as simulated precipitation, soil water movement,
Experimental method is more, but is all confined in the understanding of perception directly perceived, typically weighs change by artificial observation, water to express drop
Aquatic products stream, soil water movement, lack the deep excavation to production stream, Moisture Movement physical mechanism.There has been no be adapted at present
Actual permafrost region is for mobile layer water and the analogue experiment installation of ground ice frozen-thaw process, more particularly, to utilization solute, same to position
The geochemical methods such as element come tracer Rainfall Runoff, the experimental method of ground ice freeze thawing, are still blank.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of permafrost active layer water sport and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer and method, existing to solve
There is the problem of in technology.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of permafrost active layer water sport and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer, including precipitation tracer delivery device,
Mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means and drainage collection device,
The precipitation tracer delivery device includes mixing pit 1,
The mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means include the hollow steel tank 9 of upper and lower opening, in the side wall of steel tank 9
Several sampling gates 10 are disposed with from top to bottom, and drainage duct 11, drainage duct 11 have been both passed through on each sampling gate 10
Stretch into the experiment soil 21 inside the inside of steel tank 9 and embedded steel tank 9, the He of temperature sensor 12 is provided with each sampling gate 10
Soil Moisture Sensor 13, the temperature sensor 12 and Soil Moisture Sensor 13 and the experiment soil 21 in steel tank 9
Contact；
The drainage collection device, including several annular tanks 14, each annular tank 14 pass through
Rotating shaft 15 is connected, and the bottom of rotating shaft 15 is installed in supporting table 16, and rotating shaft 15 drives annular tank 14 relative to supporting table 16
Can 360 ° of rotations, its diametric(al) of the interior edge of annular tank 14 is divided into several sink units by several dividing plates
17,
Wherein, the mixing pit 1 connects parallelpiped jet nozzle 4 by aqueduct 6, and the parallelpiped jet nozzle 4 is put
Above steel tank 9, one end of every drainage duct 11 is inserted in the experiment soil 21 inside steel tank 9, drainage duct 11 it is another
One end is placed on annular tank 14 corresponding thereto, the production stream for testing the surface of soil 21 and each layer can be discharged into corresponding water
In groove unit 17.
The precipitation tracer delivery device includes the mixing pit 1 with volume scale, is provided with and stirs in the mixing pit 1
Blade 3 is mixed, the stirring vane 3 is connected with motor 2, and the motor 2 is installed on outside mixing pit 1, is set in the mixing pit 1
There is suction pump 5, the suction pump 5 connects parallelpiped jet nozzle 4 by aqueduct 6, is also equipped with adjusting on the aqueduct 6
Valve 7 and flowmeter 8, flow can be drawn water with manual adjustment to change precipitation intensity, meets different requirement of experiment, it is described parallel
Pipeline jet nozzle 4 is clathrate pipeline configuration, and several shower nozzles, the clathrate of outermost are provided with the bottom surface of clathrate pipeline
Four end points of pipeline configuration are supported by 4 spikes 20, and the spikes 20 of 4 stainless steel materials is by they sup-port in steel tank
9 tops, the spike 20 can on support bar height up and down, and parallelpiped jet nozzle 4 can be changed relative to flat
The angle of inclination in face.
Precipitation tracer delivery device is to mix solute, " mark " water body of isotope artificial tracer injects parallelpiped
In jet nozzle 4, and then carry out simulated precipitation；Artificial tracer is well mixed with natural water, plays to form " mark " water
Effect, and form the simulated precipitation of controllable raininess；The mixing solute, isotope artificial tracer are according to specific Research Requirements
Determine, be including but not limited to ion, organic matter, stain, isotope etc..
The profile of parallelpiped jet nozzle 4 is length of side 2m square, and the spacing of every pipeline is 10cm.
The steel tank 9 is a straight tetragonal body, and several top-down samplings are provided with four side walls of steel tank 9
Door 10, ground production stream during for collecting precipitation, and be easy to open and take out soil, ground ice sample, worn on each sampling gate 10
Drainage duct 11 has been crossed, has been each provided with one group of drainage collection device outside four side walls of steel tank 9, every layer of annular tank 14 is vertical
On stack at a certain distance, be stacked on the fixed rotating shaft 15 at center, the endocyclic outer wall of every layer of annular tank 14 and rotating shaft 15
Outer wall is bonded fixation completely, and the bottom of rotating shaft 15 is embedded in the circular hole 18 on the top of supporting table 16, and each layer annular tank 14 can be with
Rotating shaft 15 rotates together；There is dividing plate to divide equally in annulus tank 14 and form each sink unit 17, if every group of drainage collection device
Dry annular tank 14 corresponds with some drainage ducts 11 in 9 each side wall of steel tank, every group of drainage collection device
The number of plies of annular tank 14 it is consistent with the line number of mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means previous column sampling gate 10, it is same
Every layer of production stream of the experiment soil 21 of period should be collected in the sink unit 17 of the same vertical arrangement of the corresponding number of plies, entered
The angle of next sampling time section, then 14 1 sink units of slewing circle annular water tank, then the delivery port of drainage duct 11 will be right
Answer next sink unit；Neck is provided with the outer wall of each sink unit 17 on the annular tank 14, in neck
The insertion record scraps of paper, to mark sample, distinguish the water sample of different time sections, volume scale are additionally provided with the outer wall of sink unit 17
18,
The height of steel tank 9 is 2m, and section is length of side 2m square, and steel tank 9 inserts corresponding immediately below parallelpiped jet nozzle 4
Experiment soil 21 in, and reserve the high steel plates of 10cm and basset, it is fixed,
Each 10 wide 20cm of sampling gate, high 10cm, vertical spacing are about 20cm, and steel tank 9 ground it is exposed above four
Face sheet steel sections have a sampling gate 10 with drainage duct 11, and the lower edge of sampling gate 10 is concordant with ground, and drainage duct 11 is close
Ground, ground production stream during for collecting precipitation.
The top side wall of the upward opening of steel tank 9 is in blade-like, and the side of the sampling gate 10 passes through hinge 22 and steel
Groove 9 is side walls hinged, sampling gate 10 by hinge 22 can freely openable, and when sampling gate 10 closes, sampling gate 10 and the side wall of steel tank 9
Sealing, the material of the sampling gate 10 and mixing pit 1 is transparent organic glass.
It is 5cm that the drainage duct 11, which passes through the depth inside sampling gate 1 and embedded experiment soil 21,.
The temperature sensor 12 and Soil Moisture Sensor 13 are embedded on sampling gate 1, and the He of temperature sensor 12
Soil Moisture Sensor 13 simultaneously contacts the experiment soil 21 in steel tank 9, and another side is liquid crystal display, and liquid crystal display is located at sampling gate
1 outer surface, liquid crystal display are used to show the real-time soil moisture and soil moisture content.
Temperature sensor 12, Soil Moisture Sensor 13 can be monitored automatically, and signal data is stored in built-in chip,
Temperature sensor 12, the liquid crystal display of Soil Moisture Sensor 13 are bonded with the inner side of sampling gate 10, can show real time temperature, soil
Water content parameter.
The bottom of rotating shaft 15 is installed in the circular hole 18 in supporting table 16, and the rotating shaft 15 drives the phase of annular tank 14
Being capable of 360 ° of rotations for supporting table 16.
Operation passageway 23 is provided with outside four side walls of the steel tank 9, the drainage collection device, which is installed on, to be operated
In road 23.
Some drainage ducts in the 9 same side wall of steel tank sequentially pass through positioned at steel tank 9 and annular from top to bottom
Vessel arrangment frame 19 between tank 14, vessel arrangment frame 19 are vertical laminated structure, and multiple and draining is provided with vertical direction
The consistent insertion circular hole of the external diameter of conduit 11, stack tower with annular tank and be placed in parallel on passageway.
A kind of permafrost active layer water sport and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracing method, comprises the following steps：
S1, selection are adapted to the place of research permafrost region mobile layer and ground ice, and mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing are simulated
Device, which is laid, to be completed, and excavates operation passageway 23 to concordant with the bottom of steel tank 9 in the surrounding of steel tank 9, in the operation of the surrounding of steel tank 9
Passageway 23 is inner to place the drainage collection device, and drainage duct 11 is placed on into corresponding each sink unit by ordering
On；
S2, by adjusting spike 20, the height of regulation parallelpiped jet nozzle 4, be placed on above experimental site, connection drop
Water tracer delivery device, launch in artificial tracer to mixing pit 1, add natural water, be configured to mark water, start motor
2 and suction pump 5, artificial rainmaking simulated experiment is carried out, precipitation enters experiment soil 21, is pressed in Precipitation Process between the regular hour
Every record precipitation time, precipitation, precipitation intensity is calculated；
S3, according to Research Requirements, in Precipitation Process or after precipitation, fixed sample time interval, collected by spacing order
In each period, each sampling gate 10 corresponds to the water that the production of soil horizon is flow in each corresponding sink unit 17, when recording each
Between be spaced under production fluid product in each sink unit, and collect water sample；
S4, precipitation tracer delivery device is removed, plastic foil is covered on experimental site and is sealed, prevents external environment
Interference；
S5, germinate season in ground ice, it is the interval time of fixed sample, complete to ground ice development, open steel tank 9
Each sampling gate 10 on four outer walls, collect the ground ice sample in each sampling gate 10 and mark；By the ground ice of collection
Sample is placed in closed glass jar, is melted into liquid at room temperature and is collected preservation, measures the volume of each sample.
S6, in ground ice thawing season, fixed interval, be periodically into operation passageway 23, in the mobile layer water and
The surrounding of ground ice freeze thawing analogue means, collect the soil aquatic products under each period by regular time order and flow to each layer
Corresponding to each in sink unit 17, the volume of each sample is measured；
S7, each sampled point soil moisture for collecting each time phase, soil moisture content data, determine collected each water
Various solutes, isotope value and chemical index in sample；
Each sampled point is on Rainfall Runoff-ground in the interior experiment soil of S8, analytic activity layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means
The liquid waters of lower ice development-underground ice-out three phases, ground ice amount, soil moisture content, ground temperature and solute, isotope value
Space-time characteristic, obtain corresponding flow path.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：
Permafrost active layer water sport proposed by the present invention and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer and method, enter for permafrost region
Observation provides new research meanses method in the actual mobile layer water sport of row, ground ice frozen-thaw process, can be produced in precipitation
Under the different time sections such as stream-ground ice development-underground ice-out, mobile layer water, ground ice to testing each interior volume of soil
Situation is intuitively observed, and monitors the crucial hydrologic parameters such as ground temperature, soil moisture content automatically, conveniently and efficiently takes freeze thawing
Ground ice and soil water sample in journey in each spatial distribution.Solute, isotope tracer technique have stronger physical basis, energy
Improve observed efficiency, effectively the three-dimensional flow path in tracer frozen-thaw process in each layer soil, explain the source of each water body with
Change.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the connection of precipitation tracer delivery device and mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means in the present invention is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of drainage collection device in the present invention；
Wherein：1- mixing pits, 2- motors, 3- stirring vanes, 4- parallelpiped jet nozzles, 5- suction pumps, 6- aqueducts, 7-
Control valve, 8- flowmeters, 9- steel tanks, 10- sampling gates, 11- drainage ducts, 12- temperature sensors, 13- soil moisture contents pass
Sensor, 14- annular tanks, 15- rotating shafts, 16- supporting tables, 17- sink units, 18- circular holes, 19- vessel arrangment framves, 20- supports
Pin, 21- experiment soil, 22- hinges, 23- operations passageway.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to embodiment.
As Figure 1-3, a kind of permafrost active layer water sport and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer, including precipitation tracer
Agent delivery device, mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means and drainage collection device,
The precipitation tracer delivery device includes mixing pit 1,
The mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means include the hollow steel tank 9 of upper and lower opening, in the side wall of steel tank 9
Several sampling gates 10 are disposed with from top to bottom, and drainage duct 11, drainage duct 11 have been both passed through on each sampling gate 10
Stretch into the experiment soil 21 inside the inside of steel tank 9 and embedded steel tank 9, the He of temperature sensor 12 is provided with each sampling gate 10
Soil Moisture Sensor 13, the temperature sensor 12 and Soil Moisture Sensor 13 and the experiment soil 21 in steel tank 9
Contact；
The drainage collection device, including several annular tanks 14, each annular tank 14 pass through
Rotating shaft 15 is connected, and the bottom of rotating shaft 15 is installed in the circular hole 18 in supporting table 16, and rotating shaft 15 drives annular tank 14 relative
In supporting table 16 can 360 ° rotation, its diametric(al) of the interior edge of annular tank 14 is divided into some by several dividing plates
Individual sink unit 17,
Wherein, the mixing pit 1 connects parallelpiped jet nozzle 4 by aqueduct 6, and the parallelpiped jet nozzle 4 is put
Above steel tank 9, one end of every drainage duct 11 is inserted in the experiment soil 21 inside steel tank 9, the drainage duct 11
It is 5cm through the depth inside sampling gate 1 and embedded experiment soil 21, the other end of drainage duct 11 is placed in corresponding thereto
On annular tank 14, the production stream that test the surface of soil 21 and each layer can be discharged into corresponding sink unit 17.
The precipitation tracer delivery device includes the mixing pit 1 with volume scale, is provided with and stirs in the mixing pit 1
Blade 3 is mixed, the stirring vane 3 is connected with motor 2, and the motor 2 is installed on outside mixing pit 1, is set in the mixing pit 1
There is suction pump 5, the suction pump 5 connects parallelpiped jet nozzle 4 by aqueduct 6, is also equipped with adjusting on the aqueduct 6
Valve 7 and flowmeter 8, flow can be drawn water with manual adjustment to change precipitation intensity, meets different requirement of experiment, it is described parallel
Pipeline jet nozzle 4 is clathrate pipeline configuration, and several shower nozzles, the clathrate of outermost are provided with the bottom surface of clathrate pipeline
Four end points of pipeline configuration are supported by 4 spikes 20, and the spikes 20 of 4 stainless steel materials is by they sup-port in steel tank
9 tops, the spike 20 can on support bar height up and down, and parallelpiped jet nozzle 4 can be changed relative to flat
The angle of inclination in face.
Precipitation tracer delivery device is to mix solute, " mark " water body of isotope artificial tracer injects parallelpiped
In jet nozzle 4, and then carry out simulated precipitation；Artificial tracer is well mixed with natural water, plays to form " mark " water
Effect, and form the simulated precipitation of controllable raininess；The mixing solute, isotope artificial tracer are according to specific Research Requirements
Determine, be including but not limited to ion, organic matter, stain, isotope etc..
The profile of parallelpiped jet nozzle 4 is length of side 2m square, and the spacing of every pipeline is 10cm.
The steel tank 9 is a straight tetragonal body, and several top-down samplings are provided with four side walls of steel tank 9
Door 10, ground production stream during for collecting precipitation, and be easy to open and take out soil, ground ice sample, worn on each sampling gate 10
Drainage duct 11 has been crossed, has been each provided with one group of drainage collection device outside four side walls of steel tank 9, every layer of annular tank 14 is vertical
On stack at a certain distance, be stacked on the fixed rotating shaft 15 at center, the endocyclic outer wall of every layer of annular tank 14 and rotating shaft 15
Outer wall is bonded fixation completely, and the bottom of rotating shaft 15 is embedded in the circular hole 18 on the top of supporting table 16, and each layer annular tank 14 can be with
Rotating shaft 15 rotates together, the rotating shaft 15 360 ° of rotations in circular hole 18；There is dividing plate to divide equally in annulus tank 14 and form each water
Groove unit 17, several annular tanks 14 and some drainings in 9 each side wall of steel tank of every group of drainage collection device are led
Pipe 11 corresponds, the number of plies of annular tank 14 and mobile layer water and the ground ice freeze thawing analogue means of every group of drainage collection device
The line number of previous column sampling gate 10 is consistent, and every layer of production stream of the experiment soil 21 of same period should be collected in the same of the corresponding number of plies
In the sink unit 17 of one vertical arrangement, into next sampling time section, then 14 1 sink units of slewing circle annular water tank
Angle, then the delivery port of drainage duct 11 will corresponding next sink unit；Each sink unit on the annular tank 14
Neck is provided with 17 outer wall, recording sheet piece is inserted in neck, to mark sample, distinguishes the water sample of different time sections, water
Volume scale 18 is additionally provided with the outer wall of groove unit 17, the height of steel tank 9 is 2m, and section is length of side 2m square, and steel tank 9 inserts
In experiment soil 21 corresponding to immediately below parallelpiped jet nozzle 4, and reserve the high steel plates of 10cm and basset, it is fixed, each
Sampling gate 10 wide 20cm, high 10cm, vertical spacing are about 20cm, and steel tank 9 it is exposed above on ground four sides sheet steel sections it is equal
There is a sampling gate 10 with drainage duct 11, the lower edge of sampling gate 10 is concordant with ground, and drainage duct 11 is close to ground, for collecting
Ground production stream during precipitation.Operation passageway 23, the drainage collection device installation are provided with outside four side walls of the steel tank 9
In in operation passageway 23.
The top side wall of the upward opening of steel tank 9 is in blade-like, and the side of the sampling gate 10 passes through hinge 22 and steel
Groove 9 is side walls hinged, sampling gate 10 by hinge 22 can freely openable, and when sampling gate 10 closes, sampling gate 10 and the side wall of steel tank 9
Sealing, the material of the sampling gate 10 and mixing pit 1 is transparent organic glass.
The temperature sensor 12 and Soil Moisture Sensor 13 are embedded on sampling gate 1, and the He of temperature sensor 12
Soil Moisture Sensor 13 simultaneously contacts the experiment soil 21 in steel tank 9, and another side is liquid crystal display, and liquid crystal display is located at sampling gate
1 outer surface, liquid crystal display are used to show the real-time soil moisture and soil moisture content.
Temperature sensor 12, Soil Moisture Sensor 13 can be monitored automatically, and signal data is stored in built-in chip,
Temperature sensor 12, the liquid crystal display of Soil Moisture Sensor 13 are bonded with the inner side of sampling gate 10, can show real time temperature, soil
Water content parameter.
Some drainage ducts in the 9 same side wall of steel tank sequentially pass through positioned at steel tank 9 and annular from top to bottom
Vessel arrangment frame 19 between tank 14, vessel arrangment frame 19 are vertical laminated structure, and multiple and draining is provided with vertical direction
The consistent insertion circular hole of the external diameter of conduit 11, stack tower with annular tank and be placed in parallel on passageway.
Tracer provided by the invention includes precipitation tracer delivery device, mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing simulation dress
Put, drainage collection device.Precipitation tracer delivery device is used to artificial tracer being well mixed with natural water, plays to be formed
The effect of " mark " water, and form the simulated precipitation of controllable raininess；Mobile layer water and ground ice the freeze thawing analogue means includes
Soil is tested, has opening sampling gate on four outer walls, soil inner case can be observed, and be provided with drainage duct, sampling gate
Inwall is provided with temperature sensor, Soil Moisture Sensor, can show real time temperature, soil moisture content parameter.The draining
Collection device arrangement is that annular tank stacks tower, and every layer of production stream of same period should be collected in corresponding sink unit
In, into next sampling time section, corresponding next sink unit is collected by drainage duct delivery port.Tracing method is utilization
Experimental system, analysis experiment soil in each sampled point Rainfall Runoff-ground ice development-underground ice-out three phases liquid
Water, ground ice amount, soil moisture content, ground temperature and solute, the space-time characteristic of isotope value, carry out water-ice fate elucidation.This hair
It is bright the mobile layer water sport of interior volume, ground ice situation intuitively to be observed, and monitor crucial hydrologic parameter automatically, side
Just the ground ice and soil water sample of each spatial distribution are quickly taken.Tracer technique has stronger physical basis, effectively
Three-dimensional flow path in tracer frozen-thaw process in each layer soil.
A kind of permafrost active layer water sport and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracing method, comprises the following steps：
S1, selection are adapted to the Typical Sites of research permafrost region mobile layer and ground ice, and the experiment scope of soil 21 selects 2 × 2m big
It is small, it is typically most deep in permafrost active layer thawing, before the season that ground ice will germinate, carry out the mobile layer water and underground
The laying of analogue means is melted in frost：Steel tank 9 is inserted perpendicularly into the complete frozen soil soil 21 of experiment, and reserves the high steel plates of 10cm
Basset, and the operation passageway 23 of one fixed width is excavated in the surrounding of steel tank 9, operate the depth in passageway 23 and the lower edge of steel tank 9
Concordantly, the drainage collection device is placed in the operation passageway 23 of the surrounding of steel tank 9, and drainage duct 11 is exported by arrangement
Order is placed on vessel arrangment frame 19, each sink unit 17 corresponding to outlet；
S2, the spike 20 of parallelpiped jet nozzle 4 adjusted into suitable height so that the face of parallelpiped jet nozzle 4
Cover above experiment soil, connect every part of the precipitation tracer delivery device, select suitable artificial tracer,
The a certain amount of natural water for arriving in mixing pit 1, adding quota is put into, opens motor 2, rotates stirring vane 3, is prepared " mark "
Water.Open external power supply and start suction pump 5, carry out Simulation of Precipitation, while gather precipitation water body example by evenly mixing.Root
Demand, control or change raininess are factually tested, precipitation flows out from parallelpiped jet nozzle 4, on frozen soil experiment soil 21, is dropping
The precipitation time of each period is recorded during water by certain time interval, precipitation is read from the SEA LEVEL VARIATION of mixing pit 1
Amount, calculate precipitation intensity.
Wherein, I represents precipitation intensity, unit：mm/min；Δ H is the water level changed in the unit time in mixing pit 2, single
Position：mm；Δ T is the unit time, unit min.
S3, according to Research Requirements, a period of time in Precipitation Process or after precipitation, fixed interval, into operating
Road 23, soil water movement situation is observed by sampling gate 11, chronologically collect the production of each layer under each period and flow to correspondingly
Sink unit 17 in, record the production fluid product under each period in each sink unit, and collect water sample and supply water sample analysis.
S4, precipitation tracer delivery device is removed, plastic foil is covered on experimental site and is sealed, prevents external environment
Interference.
S5, germinate season in ground ice, the selected interval time persistently sampled, until ground ice development is complete.Enter
Enter to operate passageway 23, open each sampling gate 10 on 9 four outer walls of steel tank, observe ground ice developmental state, collect in order few
Amount ground ice sample simultaneously marks sample.The ground ice sample of collection is placed in closed glass jar, is melted into liquid at room temperature
State is collected preservation.
S6, in ground ice start thawing season, fixed interval, the selected interval time persistently sampled, into operation
Passageway 23, soil water movement, underground ice-out situation are observed by sampling gate 10, in the mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing mould
Intend device surrounding, chronologically collect the production stream in each laminar flow to the corresponding sink unit 17 under each period, record is each
Production fluid product under period in each sink unit, and collect water sample and supply water sample analysis.
S7, ground temperature in each sampled point of each time phase, soil moisture content sensor data are collected, and collected by determining
Each water body example in various solutes, isotope value and corresponding chemical index.
Each sampled point produces in simulated precipitation experiment soil in S8, analytic activity layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means
The runoff yields of stream-ground ice development-underground ice-out three phases, soil water amount, ground ice amount, soil moisture content, ground temperature and
The spatial-temporal characteristics of the solute of each water sample, isotope value and chemical index, obtain corresponding transverse and longitudinal flow path.
Permafrost active layer water sport proposed by the present invention and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer and method, enter for permafrost region
Observation provides new research meanses method in the actual mobile layer water sport of row, ground ice frozen-thaw process, can be produced in precipitation
Under the different time sections such as stream-ground ice development-underground ice-out, mobile layer water, ground ice to testing each interior volume of soil
Situation is intuitively observed, and monitors the crucial hydrologic parameters such as ground temperature, soil moisture content automatically, conveniently and efficiently takes freeze thawing
Ground ice and soil water sample in journey in each spatial distribution.Solute, isotope tracer technique have stronger physical basis, energy
Observed efficiency is improved, effectively the three-dimensional flow path in tracer frozen-thaw process in each layer soil, the source of each water body of explanation.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of permafrost active layer water sport and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer, it is characterised in that：Including precipitation tracer
Delivery device, mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means and drainage collection device,
The precipitation tracer delivery device includes mixing pit,
The mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means include the hollow steel tank of upper and lower opening, in the side wall of steel tank from upper and
Under be disposed with several sampling gates, both passed through drainage duct on each sampling gate, drainage duct is stretched into inside steel tank simultaneously
In experiment soil inside embedded steel tank, temperature sensor and Soil Moisture Sensor are provided with each sampling gate, it is described
Temperature sensor and Soil Moisture Sensor contact with the experiment soil in steel tank；
The drainage collection device, including several annular tanks, each annular tank pass through rotating shaft connection,
Rotating shaft drives the rotation of annular tank, and its diametric(al) of the annular tank interior edge is divided into several by several dividing plates
Sink unit, wherein, the mixing pit connects parallelpiped jet nozzle by aqueduct, and the parallelpiped shower nozzle is placed on steel
Above groove, one end of every drainage duct is inserted in the experiment soil inside steel tank, and the other end of drainage duct is placed in and it
On corresponding annular tank.
2. permafrost active layer water sport according to claim 1 and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer, it is characterised in that：
The precipitation tracer delivery device includes the mixing pit with volume scale, is provided with stirring vane in the mixing pit, institute
State stirring vane and be connected with motor, the motor is installed on outside mixing pit, and suction pump is provided with the mixing pit, described to take out
Water pump connects parallelpiped jet nozzle by aqueduct, and control valve and flowmeter are also equipped with the aqueduct, described flat
Row pipeline jet nozzle is clathrate pipeline configuration, and several shower nozzles, the grid of outermost are provided with the bottom surface of clathrate pipeline
Four end points of shape pipeline configuration are supported by 4 spikes, 4 spikes by they sup-port above steel tank, the spike
Can on support bar height up and down.
3. permafrost active layer water sport according to claim 1 and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer, it is characterised in that：
The steel tank is a straight tetragonal body, and one group of drainage collection device, every group of drainage collection are each provided with outside four side walls of steel tank
Several annular tanks of device correspond with some drainage ducts in each side wall of steel tank；The annular tank
On each sink unit outer wall on be provided with neck.
4. permafrost active layer water sport according to claim 1 and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer, it is characterised in that：
The top side wall of the steel tank upward opening is in blade-like, and the side of the sampling gate is side walls hinged with steel tank by hinge, adopts
Sample door by hinge can freely openable, and when sampling gate closes, sampling gate and steel tank side wall seal, the sampling gate and mixing pit
Material be transparent organic glass.
5. permafrost active layer water sport according to claim 1 and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer, it is characterised in that：
It is 5cm that the drainage duct, which passes through the depth inside sampling gate and embedded experiment soil,.
6. permafrost active layer water sport according to claim 1 and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer, it is characterised in that：
The temperature sensor and Soil Moisture Sensor are embedded on sampling gate, and temperature sensor and Soil Moisture Sensor
The experiment soil in steel tank is simultaneously contacted, another side is liquid crystal display, and liquid crystal display is located at the outer surface of sampling gate, and liquid crystal display is used to show
Show the real-time soil moisture and soil moisture content.
7. permafrost active layer water sport according to claim 1 and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer, it is characterised in that：
The rotating shaft bottom is installed in the circular hole in supporting table, and the rotating shaft drives annular tank can be 360 ° relative to supporting table
Rotation.
8. permafrost active layer water sport according to claim 1 and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer, it is characterised in that：
Operation passageway is provided with outside four side walls of the steel tank, the drainage collection device is installed in operation passageway.
9. permafrost active layer water sport according to claim 1 and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer, it is characterised in that：
Some drainage ducts in the same side wall of steel tank sequentially pass through between steel tank and annular tank from top to bottom
Vessel arrangment frame.
A kind of 10. tracer of permafrost active layer water sport and ground ice frozen-thaw process tracer based on described in claim 2
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, selection are adapted to the place of research permafrost region mobile layer and ground ice, by mobile layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means
Lay and complete, and it is extremely concordant with the bottom of steel tank in steel tank surrounding excavation operation passageway, put in the operation passageway of steel tank surrounding
The drainage collection device is put, and drainage duct is placed in corresponding each sink unit by ordering；
S2, by adjusting spike, adjust the height of parallelpiped jet nozzle, be placed on above experimental site, connect precipitation tracer
Agent delivery device, launch in artificial tracer to mixing pit, add natural water, be configured to mark water, start motor and draw water
Pump, artificial rainmaking simulated experiment is carried out, precipitation enters experiment soil, by certain time interval record precipitation in Precipitation Process
Time, precipitation, calculate precipitation intensity；
S3, according to Research Requirements, in Precipitation Process or after precipitation, fixed sample time interval, when collecting each by spacing order
Between in section, each sampling gate correspond to soil horizon production flow to it is each corresponding to water in sink unit, record under each time interval
Production fluid product in each sink unit, and collect water sample；
S4, precipitation tracer delivery device is removed, plastic foil is covered on experimental site and is sealed, prevents external environment from doing
Disturb；
S5, germinate season in ground ice, it is the interval time of fixed sample, complete to ground ice development, open steel tank four
Each sampling gate on outer wall, collect the ground ice sample in each sampling gate and mark；The ground ice sample of collection is placed
In closed glass jar, liquid is melted at room temperature and is collected preservation, measures the volume of each sample；
S6, in ground ice thawing season, fixed interval, operation passageway is periodically into, in the mobile layer water and ground ice
The surrounding of freeze thawing analogue means, collected by regular time order under each period, each soil horizon flow to corresponding sink unit
Interior production stream, and measure the volume of production stream；
S7, each sampled point soil moisture for collecting each time phase, soil moisture content data, are determined in collected each water sample
Various solutes, isotope value and chemical index；
Each sampled point is in Rainfall Runoff-ground ice the interior experiment soil of S8, analytic activity layer water and ground ice freeze thawing analogue means
Liquid water, ground ice amount, soil moisture content, ground temperature and the solute of development-underground ice-out three phases, isotope value when
Empty feature, obtain corresponding flow path.
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| CN110824126A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-02-21 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Experimental system for simulating high-pressure ice layer |
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| CN113075249B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-11-08 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Experimental device and method for researching melting and rain and snow transformation characteristics of frozen soil of sloping field |
| BE1029178B1 (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2023-07-25 | Northwest Inst Of Eco Environment And Resources Cas | Isotope fractionation apparatus in ice freezing and melting process |
| CN115372417A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-22 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Experimental method and device for monitoring ablation of ice in rock and soil body under seepage effect |
| CN115754248B (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-06-27 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Diving-soil moisture movement tracing experimental device and method based on radon isotope under freezing condition |
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