CN102539642B - Simulation testing system of water circulation process under human activity disturbance conditions - Google Patents
Simulation testing system of water circulation process under human activity disturbance conditions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a simulation testing system of a water circulation process under human activity disturbance conditions. The system comprises a simulation platform for simulating nature and human activities, which affect water circulation, and a monitoring platform for monitoring through a sensor, as well as a computer monitoring platform for controlling the simulation platform and performing data sampling and data processing on the monitoring platform, a seepage-proof pool, experimental soil, a rain shelter, a simulation rainfall device, a groundwater level simulation device, a water intake well, an observation device related to vorticity, an automatic weather station, a runoff detection device, a surface runoff sensor, a runoff instrument, a sensor for water content in the soil, a detection device and a control device. The simulation platform, the monitoring platform and the computer monitoring platform of the system disclosed by the invention are organically combined to form specific water circulation sub-systems among the various parts, namely the simulation device, the detection device and a control platform, and the integration of the sub-systems can realize the omnibearing simulation concept of a complex water circulation system of nature-manual work.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the water cycle process simulation experiment system under a kind of mankind's activity disturbed conditions, being a kind of system of utilizing the system simulation natural region water circulation of artificial construction, is a kind of hydrographic water resource to be carried out to basic test research and data message automated programming system.
Background technology
The research of water cycle process is main research and the emphasis difficulties in hydrological science.About water cycle process test and study, mainly contain at present following several:
(1) weather station net
Closely bound up due to water cycle process and rule thereof and nature, social processes, country is specially provided with the key element of atmospheric water cyclic process more than Wang Dui ground, weather station and monitors.
(2) hydrographic(al) network
Hydrographic(al) network is mainly monitored surface water body process element, and main services is in hydraulic engineering application etc.
(3) scientific research and testing station
From the angle of scientific research, the particular procedure of particular space is monitored.As adopt lysimeter to rainfall, infiltrate, evaporation and Soil Moisture Movement monitor and test.Adopt the evapotranspiration regularity of the vegetation such as stemflow instrument monitoring crops, forest etc.
Some scientific workers have set up the recording geometry for water cycle process for different scientific research objects, adopt comprehensive means to carry out scientific research to irrigated area water cycle process, as water circulation monitoring test station, irrigated area, mountain, position, Agro-ecological System testing station, Chinese Academy of Sciences Luancheng etc., yet because border, test site is not closed, the reasons such as water cycle process observation is not closed cause observation data can not realize closure, the science of the problems affect results of study such as part water yield whereabouts problem formidable.
As can be seen from above, existing water cycle test scheme observation border is not closed; Observation process is not comprehensive, and the main observation such as the rainfall in water cycle process and underground water boundary condition is uncontrollable, and water cycle process analog capability is not enough, is difficult to realize the demand of the water cycle process simulation test under various boundary.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problem of prior art, the present invention proposes the water cycle process simulation experiment system under a kind of mankind's activity disturbed conditions.Described system can realize different water circulation influence conditions, as the water cycle process simulation of different underground water table conditions, different condition of raining, different soil, different vegetation conditions etc. is controlled and study on monitoring.As passed through, set different precipitation intensity and bury of groundwater, for different vegetation and different soils, adopt the irrigation methods such as different canal irrigations, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, to precipitation, irrigation, evaporation, under ooze, the observation of the key element such as meteorological condition in the process such as Surface Runoff, the recharge of ground water, underground runoff yield, vegetation parameter, evaporation capacity, lower milliosmolarity, different soils layer parameter, underground water table, groundwater discharge, analyze " nature-artificial " binary water balance process.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the water cycle process simulation experiment system under a kind of mankind's activity disturbed conditions, described system comprises: on affecting nature and the analog platform of mankind's activity simulation and the monitoring platform of monitoring by sensor of water circulation, and the computer monitoring platform of analog platform being controlled, monitor supervision platform is carried out data sampling and data processing;
Described analog platform comprises: concrete antiseepage pond, described top, antiseepage pond is provided with rain shade and rainfall simulator, described outside, antiseepage pond is provided with underground water table analogue means, the bottom in described antiseepage pond is provided with fine sand loaded filter, described fine sand loaded filter top is according to the soil profile structure filling test soil in studied basin, described experiment soil surface arranges typical vegetation and the automatic irrigation device in studied basin, and middle part, described antiseepage pond is provided with the water intake well with suction pump;
Described monitoring platform comprises: top, described antiseepage pond is provided with vortex correlation observation device, described antiseepage pool side is provided with automatic weather station and rainwash observation device, the plant of described typical vegetation is provided with stemflow instrument, in described experiment soil, layering arranges Soil Moisture Sensor, in described experiment soil, water table measure well is set, in described water table measure bottom, pressure inductive underground water table sensor is set;
Described computer monitoring platform comprises: the computer unit that pick-up unit and control device are installed, described control device is electrically connected to the rainfall simulator of analog platform, underground water table analogue means, automatic irrigation device, suction pump, and described pick-up unit is connected with automatic weather station, footpath flow sensor, stemflow instrument, Soil Moisture Sensor, underground water table sensor electrical.
The beneficial effect that the present invention produces is: water cycle process monitoring and the control system of system constructing closure of the present invention, form perfect water circulation simulation test environment.System of the present invention is owing to having analog platform, monitoring platform, computer monitoring platform, between three platforms, organically combine, make to form between various analogue means, pick-up unit and control platform the subsystem of certain specific water circulation of simulation, these subsystems comprehensive, form " nature-artificial " so complicated water circulation simulation system, realized the theory to the full-scope simulation of " nature-artificial " this complicated water circulation system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of system described in embodiments of the invention one;
Fig. 2 is the antiseepage pond schematic diagram of system described in embodiments of the invention ten.
Embodiment
Embodiment mono-:
The present embodiment is the water cycle process simulation experiment system under a kind of mankind's activity disturbed conditions, as shown in Figure 1.System described in the present embodiment comprises:
On affecting nature and the analog platform of mankind's activity simulation and the monitoring platform of monitoring by sensor of water circulation, and the computer monitoring platform of analog platform being controlled, monitor supervision platform is carried out data sampling and data processing;
Described analog platform comprises: concrete antiseepage pond, described top, antiseepage pond is provided with rain shade and rainfall simulator, described outside, antiseepage pond is provided with underground water table analogue means, the bottom in described antiseepage pond is provided with fine sand loaded filter, described fine sand loaded filter top is according to the soil profile structure filling test soil in studied basin, described experiment soil surface arranges typical vegetation and the automatic irrigation device in studied basin, and middle part, described antiseepage pond is provided with the water intake well with suction pump.
Described monitoring platform comprises: top, described antiseepage pond is provided with vortex correlation observation device, described antiseepage pool side is provided with automatic weather station and rainwash measurement mechanism, the plant of described typical vegetation is provided with stemflow instrument, in described experiment soil, layering arranges Soil Moisture Sensor, in described experiment soil, water table measure well is set, in described water table measure bottom, pressure inductive underground water table sensor is set.
Described computer monitoring platform comprises: the computer unit that monitoring device and control device are installed, described control device is electrically connected to rainfall simulator rainfall simulator, underground water table analogue means, automatic irrigation device, the suction pump of analog platform, and described monitoring device is connected with automatic weather station, runoff measuring device, stemflow instrument, Soil Moisture Sensor, underground water table sensor electrical.
As shown in Figure 1,1 is rain shade; 2 is rainfall simulator; 3 is typical vegetation; 4 is water table measure well; 5 is the rainwash flow direction; 6 is concrete antiseepage pond; 7 is test soil; 8 is the water pump that draws water; 9 is pressure inductive underground water table sensor; 10 is fine sand loaded filter; 11 is the water-permeable pipe of underground water table analogue means; 12 is rainwash measurement mechanism; 13 is the contact level sensor positioning motor of groundwater simulation device; 14 is Groundwater level control pipe; 15 is contact level sensor; 16 is drain solenoid valve; 17 is entering water electromagnetic valve; 18 is flow of inlet water meter; 19 is vortex correlation observation device; 20 is automatic weather station; 21 is automatic irrigation device; 22 is TDR Soil Moisture Sensor; 23 is stemflow instrument; 24 for controlling platform, wherein comprises the suction pump control device of rainfall simulator, underground water table analogue means, water intake well, the control device of automatic irrigation device; 25 is that drain discharge meter, 26 is that water inlet direction, 27 is water outlet direction.
Water circulation system is the huge dynamic system of too many levels, and the water of occurring in nature is realized its circulation and phase transformation by multiple route.By the space of its generation, can be divided into global systemic circulation, ocean water circulation and terrestrial water circulation.Wherein terrestrial water circulation and human being's production, life and environment are closely related.Generally comprise rainfall, evaporate, infiltrate, the process such as transpiration, holard seepage, ground water circulation and rainwash.Meanwhile, be subject to the effect of human activity also exist diversion irrigation and water-break, city to take water and sewage discharge, mining of groundwater and the artificial water cycle process such as recharge.In addition, it is also more and more stronger to the disturbance of water cycle process that people change into natural activity, time, steric course and the flux that significantly changes this natural water circulation process as movable in the artificial increasing/rain that disappears, afforestation, agricultural production etc.
Particularly region of no relief is concentrated, the strongest region of mankind's activity.Natural water circulation process makes the water cycle process in this region present typically " binary " feature with artificial water cycle process stack.In order to further investigate binary water cycle process, the present embodiment take moisture proper motion as basis, fully utilize existing monitoring and control theory and means, formed perfect water cycle process simulation experiment system.
Simulation experiment system described in the present embodiment comprises analog platform, monitoring platform and three parts of computer monitoring platform.
Analog platform, centered by concrete antiseepage pond, arranges various water circulation simulation systems.Concrete antiseepage pond is for the water inside and outside pond is separated completely, makes the experimental data of carrying out in antiseepage pond more accurately reliable.In bottom, antiseepage pond, install underground water table analogue means additional, to simulate the underground water situation in studied basin.
Soil profile structure really normal root is determined according to the soil profile investigation result in studied basin.During concrete test, in selected study area, selected fetching earth a little, carries out layering according to test demand and fetches earth.While banketing, according to fetching earth, order is carried out back-filling in layers.
After the filling of experiment soil, in the center of the soil body, lay the water intake well with suction pump, testing upper soll layer according to studied basin typical earth surface vegetation pattern plantation surface vegetation simultaneously, and laying automatic irrigation device.Directly over antiseepage pond, install rainfall simulator and rain shade additional, thereby form rainfall and the controlled water cycle process analog platform of underground water.
For testing conveniently, can antiseepage pond be separated with concrete partition wall, form the antiseepage pond of a plurality of mutual isolation, and the antiseepage pond that the depth is different is set as required, form the test block that a plurality of mutual isolation connect each other again.In these test blocks, some facility can share, such as: control platform, automatic weather station, rain shade, rainfall simulator etc., other analogue means and monitoring device all need to set up separately.For example the antiseepage pond of the present embodiment practical application comprises: the soil water cycle test tank of 4 dark 4m of the wide 7m of long 20m that are arranged side by side and the groundwater mining test tank of 1 dark 10m of the wide 7m of long 20m, as shown in Figure 2, form four soil water cycle test blocks and a groundwater mining test block.
According to the feature of water cycle process, the emphasis that the concrete anti-seepage pond that the depth is different is respectively used to water cycle process simulation is different.According to existing research, the region that soil water cycle is the strongest mainly concentrates in the region of subsurface 2m.Therefore, the degree of depth being set is that the antiseepage pond of 3-4m is mainly used in Typical Shrub, grass and is simulated by the water cycle process in the different surface cover situations such as, crops and bare area.The emphasis of simulation is the simulation of the process such as soil water movement, infiltration of ground surface and evaporation, transpiration under different rainfalls and groundwater condition.For the impact of simulated groundwater over-extraction on environment, antiseepage pond more than 10m is set, be mainly used in the recharge of ground water and discharge process simulation under different condition.
Rain shade is mainly used in, according to test setting demand, to dropping to the natural precipitation amount in studied basin, controlling and adjusting.Rain shade should be folded, mainly folding steelframe and canopy face, consists of.Folding can have various ways, as electric foldable or by manually folding etc.Canopy face can adopt the material of hard, such as rigid plastic, iron sheet, glass fibre this etc., also can adopt flexible material, such as canvas, Polypropylence Sheet etc.The effect of rain shade is to block natural precipitation, also can utilize natural precipitation, in experiment, runs into natural precipitation, as just in time tested and need rainfall to open rain shade, if experiment does not need rainfall, opens rain shade.
The effect of rainfall simulator is the rainfall in simulating natural environment, should simulate the rainfall state occurring in the various physical environments such as light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain, heavy rain.Rainfall simulator mainly consists of power system, water-carriage system, control system and spray system.Power system mainly consists of water pump, and water-carriage system mainly consists of Plastic Steel Pipe, control system mainly by solenoid valve, pressure transducer and in control computer form, spray system mainly consists of jet head sets.During specific works, according to requirement such as the rainfall intensity of setting, rain time, start the pressurization of supplying water of corresponding water pump, make spray system under specified pressure, spray current, thus the rainfall of formation appointment raininess and time course.The rainfall simulator that the simulation system of building according to the present embodiment is used utilizes a transfer gantry that 12.5m is high, spray equipment is arranged on to the below of transfer gantry crossbeam, utilizes transfer gantry can realize the movement between different antiseepages pond along the movement of track.
Underground water table analogue means is mainly by computing machine and control software, inlet/outlet solenoid valve, inlet/outlet flowmeter, contact water-level gauge, contact water-level gauge positioning motor, water level control pipe, underground water water-permeable pipe.Both can carry out underground water table and determine the simulation of head water cycle process, also can carry out the water cycle process simulation of the varying head process of underground water table.Determine head water cycle process simulation process: 1. utilize and control software, water level settings contact water-level gauge height on demand; 2. control solenoid valve and start water inlet, current, by entering ground water collecting pipe communicating pipe, enter soil by loaded filter under the effect of hydraulic pressure; Water level in water level control pipe also constantly raises simultaneously, when water level reaches setting value, stops water filling, and water level is lower than water filling again of setting value; 3. along with the carrying out of water filling, in underground water table well logging, start to catchment, the pressure type water-level gauge being arranged on wherein constantly feeds back to control system by water level reading.When underground water level logging system water level reaches the water circulation simulated conditions that setting value reaches setting, can carry out the observation simulation test of water cycle process.In process of the test, because the synergy of contact water-level gauge and solenoid valve can remain on setting value by underground water table.
Fine sand loaded filter described in the present embodiment refers to the thick even fine sand layer of 20-40cm of laying in the bottom in antiseepage pond.Be mainly to utilize sand bed factor of porosity larger, the characteristic that water transmitting ability is strong, reduces subsoil storage and releases the difference of the conditions such as different parts water pressure in water process.By the water-permeable pipe of underground water table analogue means, but realize the rapid of water in underground water table rising or decline process, supplement or collect simultaneously, guarantee the consistance of testing soil water storage or releasing boundary condition in water process above it.
Arranging of typical vegetation described in the present embodiment needs to determine according to concrete research purpose.According to domestic and international research, general crops and grass are used planting patterns and realize, and the vegetation such as shrub and arbor adopt the mode of transplanting to process.The water cycle process research in the staple crops wheat planting process of the North China Plain of take is example, utilizes the present embodiment to rise the wheat soil evaporation of all breeding times, plant to send out, the holard and carry out real-time online observation and research with the processes such as dynamic change of underground water.In this process, utilize automatic irrigation device, rainfall simulator and underground water table analogue means can effectively simulate manual intervention process, thereby give security for the scientific research of different objects.
Automatic irrigation device comprises the formations such as controller, soil moisture sensor, solenoid valve, flowmeter.Concrete irrigation method is determined by testing program, can in the modes such as drip irrigation, gravity irrigation and microspray irrigation, select.Concrete control mode is: according to experimental program, be that controller is set the conditions such as soil moisture content, duty, take into account Soil Moisture Sensor and to controller feedack, realize the keying of solenoid valve, thereby realize the automatic control of irrigating by flow.
With the effect of the water intake well of suction pump, be mainly the impact of simulation water intaking, each antiseepage pond arranges one, is positioned at the center position in each antiseepage pond.The structure of water intake well and requirement can be determined according to SL256-2000 < < motor-pumped well code requirement > > and GB50296-99 < < Technical standard for water supply well > >.
Monitoring platform mainly contains various sensors and harvester forms, and each data of experiment are detected and gathered.
Water cycle process comprises motion and the transmission of different shape water in medium, mainly comprises atmospheric water, the holard, vegetation water and underground water, the processes such as main transmitting procedure comprises rainfall, infiltrates, evaporation, seepage and artificial diversion irrigation and water pump water lift.For processes such as atmospheric water flux, rainfall amount, transpiration, Surface Runoff, soil moisture content, underground water table, duties, monitor, utilize water circulation system comprehensive monitoring to control software and form closed water cycle process monitoring and control system.
The present embodiment is to vaporous water flux (W
air) observation adopt vortex correlation observation device to observe (referring to Fig. 1), for Plant Water Consumption amount (E
veg) change procedure adopts during stemflow instrument observes, for Surface Runoff amount (R), adopt community rainwash measurement mechanism, for the holard (Ws), adopt TDR Soil Moisture Sensor change detection process, to groundwater change (Δ W), adopt observation of groundwater levels well monitoring SEA LEVEL VARIATION (Δ H) to monitor.Meanwhile, adopt the automatic rainfall meter of automatic weather station to monitor rainfall amount (P), adopt evaporating dish to water surface evaporation (E
w) carry out Real-Time Monitoring.In addition, adopt the drain discharge meter of underground water table TT&C system to carry out Real-Time Monitoring to ground water seepage amount.Thereby form closed water cycle process monitoring platform.
Described rainwash measurement mechanism is the runoff process producing for earth's surface, experiments of measuring district, mainly triangle weir, ultrasonic water level gauge, trench drain, consists of.Install at middle part in each test site, and the rainwash out of flow procedure of each test site is monitored.Concrete use principle is: according to triangular-notch weir, go out to flow principle and draw water level-discharge relation, utilize ultrasonic water level gauge to measure water level, thereby draw the out of flow procedure of test block Surface Runoff.
The present embodiment Soil Moisture Sensor can adopt various professional sensors, as adopted TDR(Time Domain Reflectometry, time-domain reflectomer) soil moisture content is monitored.
The concrete vegetation that stemflow instrument adopts according to test is selected different sensor types, to adopt packaging type stemflow instrument compared with thin bar stem vegetation, to adopt pin type stemflow instrument compared with thick bar stem vegetation.
The core of computer monitoring platform is computer unit, and computer unit can be common PC or server, or workstation.Control software and monitoring of software have been installed, formation control device and pick-up unit in computer unit.Control device is controlled each equipment in analog platform, realizes water circulation simulation.The data that monitoring device gathers each sensor are processed and are stored.
The real-time information that monitoring device gathers each sensor of simulation experiment system described in the present embodiment is processed, by each subprocess such as the rainfall of water circulation, evaporation, irrigation, water intaking transpiration is carried out to Real-Time Monitoring, draw the Water Flux of each subprocess, thereby realize the closure monitoring to water cycle process.
Meanwhile, analog platform utilizes programming Control to simulate different mankind's activity sights to rainfall simulator, underground water table analogue means, water intake well and water intake well.Thereby realize under mankind's activity condition the study on monitoring of water cycle process.
Complete from each device laying of system, start to utilize computer monitoring platform that the various parameters of water cycle process are carried out in real time, automatically gathered, and calculate the variations of flux data of each water circulation subprocess.
Can, for concrete research purpose, set different experimental study schemes simultaneously.Utilize rainfall simulator, underground water table analogue means, water intake well can realize simulation and the reproduction of the different water cycle processes of nature, thereby be different water cycle process research services.
Computer monitoring platform is a part for whole simulation experiment system, and its function is real-time, automatic online acquisition and the water cycle process data of processing various Sensor monitorings, and automatically calculates the variations of flux of different water cycle processes.
Utilize the present embodiment to water cycle process simulation experiment method:
Mankind's activity comprises and changes rainfall amount and rainfall, mining of groundwater, change surface cover with change evapotranspiration etc. the impact of water cycle process.Utilize the simulation experiment system of the present embodiment not only can realize the closed observation to water cycle process, can observe the water circulation subprocess of paying close attention to simultaneously.
(1) region of no relief water cycle process simulation experiment method:
Region of no relief is the main region of human society life and work, and water cycle process is subject to the effect of human activity remarkable, is the most significant region of " nature-artificial " binary water circulation feature.Utilize the present embodiment, adopt survey region typical geology section to test and banket, choose typically by type if typical crop, forest land etc. are as surface vegetation.Utilize rainfall simulator and rain shade to control condition of raining, utilize underground water table analogue means to simulate different underground water table conditions, by automatic irrigation device and water intake well simulation, can effectively simulate region of no relief water cycle process boundary condition.By monitoring platform, water cycle process is monitored on this basis.Thereby realize region of no relief water cycle process simulation test.
(2) evaporation process simulation experiment method:
Evaporation is one of important water cycle process.Under the complicacy of land face, particularly climate, the research of evaporation process is the important ring that the mankind hold water cycle process Changing Pattern always.Utilize the present embodiment, vaporous water flux (Wair) is that total evaporation is divided into soil evaporation and two parts of transpiration, utilize the Plant Water Consumption amount (Eveg) of stemflow instrument monitoring and the water surface evaporation (Ew) of evaporating dish monitoring, can carry out effectively implementing monitoring to soil evaporativeness.Because rainfall, underground water and irrigation and surface vegetation etc. all can be realized manual control, for evaporation process response and Changing Pattern under research different condition provide the analogue test platform of science.
(3) the large buried depth recharge of ground water in region of no relief circulative metabolism simulation experiment method:
Present stage, due to the demand of socio-economic development to water resource, serious at many regional groundwater minings, significantly changed recharge of ground water cyclic process.Therefore, the research of the supply circulative metabolism of large buried depth underground water and rejuvenation mechanism thereof is had to important scientific meaning and more practical value.Utilize the present embodiment to pass through control and the simulation to boundary conditions such as rainfall, irrigation, bury of groundwater, utilize soil moisture and water table measure, can accurately monitor holard seepage recharge groundwater situation.Thereby realize region of no relief large buried depth recharge of ground water circulative metabolism simulation test research.
(4) groundwater change Soil Under Conditions water and vegetation ecological process response simulation test method thereof:
Under climate, the extreme Hydrological Events such as arid and flood is on the increase.Therefore, effectively reflect water stress and response relation between different subprocess, under research various boundary, vegetation has important scientific guidance meaning to the response pattern of the processes such as the holard, underground water.Utilize the present embodiment to set different rainfall sights, differently descend regimen scape, different vegetation sights etc., can effectively carry out the research of vegetation response process rule.
Water cycle process is a dynamic circulation process, utilizes different instrument and equipments to carry out real-time dynamic monitoring to different water cycle process running parameters.4 researchs recited above, are only the Research Requirements for concrete problem in science, and the data of monitoring are directly taken.Rainfall, underground water, the man-made irrigation that research institute needs and the boundary condition such as draw water, also with the form real-time storage of file, can be transferred at any time for research application.
Embodiment bis-:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment mono-, is that embodiment mono-is about the refinement of rain shade.Rain shade described in the present embodiment can be folded.
Rain shade that can be folded is for Control experiment district boundary condition, and utilizes natural precipitation saving water resource.
Embodiment tri-:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment mono-, is that embodiment mono-is about the refinement of rainfall simulator.Rainfall simulator described in the present embodiment comprises: be arranged on the track of both sides, antiseepage pond, the door type walker that can walk in orbit, is provided with shower on the entablature of described door type walker, and a plurality of shower nozzles are installed on described shower.
Door type walker described in the present embodiment can be the transfer gantry that removes suspension hook and hoist system, shower is arranged on to the crossbeam below of transfer gantry.Utilize the transportable feature of transfer gantry, realize the simulated rainfall in different experiments district.Described shower nozzle can have the water spray state of various ways, both can spray superfine water smoke, to simulate drizzle, also can spray thicker water droplet, to simulate downpour, and different rain types between the two, simulates the natural precipitation of various rainfall.
Embodiment tetra-:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment mono-, is that embodiment mono-is about the refinement of underground water table analogue means.Underground water table analogue means described in the present embodiment comprises: the water level control pipe that is arranged on antiseepage pond one side, be arranged on the contact level sensor positioning motor on water level control pipe top, positioning motor drives the contact level sensor moving up and down in water level control pipe; Be arranged on antiseepage pond water-permeable pipe bottom and that be connected with water level control pipe, the position that described water level control pipe approaches bottom arranges arm, and described arm connects entering water electromagnetic valve, flow of inlet water meter, feed pipe successively; Described water level control pipe bottom connects drain solenoid valve, drain discharge meter, freeing port successively, and described entering water electromagnetic valve, drain solenoid valve are electrically connected to control device, and described flow of inlet water meter, drain discharge meter are electrically connected to monitoring device.
The water level control pipe of the underground water table analogue means described in the present embodiment is a pipe vertically arranging, and the degree of depth in the length of pipe and antiseepage pond is similar.Contact level sensor has been determined the height of simulate formation water level, and can be by the control of positioning motor is adjusted to height of water level in real time.Once the height of contact level sensor in water level control pipe determine, control device just according to this highly by control solenoid valve to water delivery in water-permeable pipe.Water-permeable pipe enters water in experiment soil, and the moisture that makes to test in soil bottom increases, and makes to be rich in moisture soil and increase gradually, until the height of contact level sensor, and keep this height of water level, with this simulate formation water level.
Embodiment five:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment mono-, is that embodiment mono-is about the refinement of automatic irrigation device.Automatic irrigation device described in the present embodiment comprises: sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and gravity irrigation device.
Rainer is by water pipe and the shower nozzle of reality sprinkling irrigation, and water is sprayed to experiment upper soll layer.Drip irrigation appliance be utilize water pipe by water droplet the root plant.In the present embodiment, the water pipe of various irrigation rigs can be set at upper soll layer.Gravity irrigation is used channel to realize the simulation of gravity irrigation.Various irrigation rigs all will have automatically controlled irrigation water supply system, and control device is controlled automatically controlled irrigation water supply system, with the irrigation activity of simulating human.
Embodiment six:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment mono-, is that embodiment mono-is about the refinement of automatic weather station.Automatic weather station described in the present embodiment comprises: the evaporating dish of the automatic rainfall meter of metering rainfall and metering water surface evaporation.
Automatic weather station described in the present embodiment is mainly monitored rainfall and evaporated quantity of water, also will monitor other meteorologic parameters such as temperature, ground temperature, wind speed air pressure simultaneously.
Embodiment seven:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment mono-, is that embodiment mono-is about the refinement of stemflow instrument.Stemflow instrument described in the present embodiment comprises: pin type stemflow instrument and packaging type stemflow instrument.
For large-scale xylophyta, adopt pin type stemflow instrument, for herbaceous plant, adopt packaging type stemflow instrument.
Embodiment eight:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment mono-, is that embodiment mono-is about the refinement of Soil Moisture Sensor.Soil Moisture Sensor described in the present embodiment is time-domain reflectomer TDR.
Time-domain reflectomer TDR is the Neutron that continues, FDR(Frequency Domain Reflectometry, frequency domain reflectometer) a kind of new soil moisture determination instrument occurring afterwards, TDR utilizes the velocity of propagation difference outstanding feature of electromagnetic wave in different soils medium to carry out soil basis determining.Because the difference in dielectric constant of soil particle, water and air itself is very large, therefore its specific inductive capacity just has obvious variation when the ratio of water is different in a constant volume soil, by measuring electromagnetic wave propagation speed, just can judge its water cut.
Embodiment nine:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment mono-, is that embodiment mono-is about the refinement of described TDR.TDR described in the present embodiment in the test soil in antiseepage pond according to horizontal vertical both direction a plurality of monitoring points of evenly arranging.
Soil Moisture Sensor adopts TDR(Time Domain Reflectometry, time-domain reflectomer) soil moisture content is monitored.Soil Moisture Sensor laying mode in vertical direction in antiseepage pond is divided into two kinds, and the Soil Moisture Sensor depth of burying of the soil water cycle test tank that wherein 4m is dark is respectively 0.1,0.4,0.9,1.4,1.9,2.4,2.9,3.4,3.9m.The Soil Moisture Sensor depth of burying of the groundwater mining test tank that 10m is dark is respectively 0.1,0.4,0.9,1.4,1.9,2.4,2.9,3.4,4.1,4.8,5.7,6.4,7.1,7.8,8.7,9.6m.Laying mode is in the horizontal direction divided into two kinds, wherein groundwater mining test tank is laid the sensor of 1 group of vertical direction on 20m length direction along axis every 1m, and soil water cycle test tank is equidistantly laid the sensor of 3 groups of vertical direction on 20m length direction along axis.
Embodiment ten:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is that above-described embodiment is about the refinement of antiseepage pond.Antiseepage pond described in the present embodiment comprises that the degree of depth is that soil water cycle test tank 601 and the degree of depth of 2-4 rice is to be greater than the groundwater mining test tank 602 of 10 meters.
Within soil water cycle generally occurs in the scope of underground 1-3 rice.It is bad that the degree of depth of soil water cycle test tank is crossed shallow experiment effect, deeply there is no need very much, and it is reasonably that test tank is set to 3-5 rice, general 4 meters of proper experiments.
It is more deeply better that the simulated experiment of groundwater mining is wished certainly, because wish the underground water source that simulation is darker, but too dark test tank cost is too high, 10 meters or darker groundwater mining test tank more reasonable, can be by 10 meters of following over-extraction processes of adjustment simulation of parameter.
Finally it should be noted that, below only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred arrangement scheme, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention (such as the connected mode of device, the concrete outcome of each device and function etc.), and not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the water cycle process simulation experiment system under a mankind's activity disturbed conditions, it is characterized in that, described system comprises: on affecting nature and the analog platform of mankind's activity simulation and the monitoring platform of monitoring by sensor of water circulation, and the computer monitoring platform of analog platform being controlled, monitor supervision platform is carried out data sampling and data processing;
Described analog platform comprises: concrete antiseepage pond, described top, antiseepage pond is provided with rain shade and rainfall simulator, described outside, antiseepage pond is provided with underground water table analogue means, the bottom in described antiseepage pond is provided with fine sand loaded filter, described fine sand loaded filter top is according to the soil profile structure filling test soil in studied basin, described test soil surface arranges typical vegetation and the automatic irrigation device in studied basin, and middle part, described antiseepage pond is provided with the water intake well with suction pump;
Described monitoring platform comprises: top, described antiseepage pond is provided with vortex correlation observation device, described antiseepage pool side is provided with automatic weather station and rainwash observation device, the plant of described typical vegetation is provided with stemflow instrument, in described test soil, layering arranges Soil Moisture Sensor, in described test soil, water table measure well is set, in described water table measure bottom, pressure inductive underground water table sensor is set;
Described computer monitoring platform comprises: the computer unit that pick-up unit and control device are installed, described control device is electrically connected to the rainfall simulator of analog platform, underground water table analogue means, automatic irrigation device, suction pump, and described pick-up unit is connected with automatic weather station, rainwash observation device, stemflow instrument, Soil Moisture Sensor, pressure inductive underground water table sensor electrical.
2. simulation experiment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described rain shade can be folded.
3. simulation experiment system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described rainfall simulator comprises: the track that is arranged on both sides, antiseepage pond, the door type walker that can walk in orbit, on the entablature of described door type walker, shower is installed, a plurality of shower nozzles are installed on described shower.
4. simulation experiment system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described underground water table analogue means comprises: the water level control pipe that is arranged on antiseepage pond one side, be arranged on the contact level sensor positioning motor on water level control pipe top, positioning motor drives the contact level sensor moving up and down in water level control pipe; Be arranged on antiseepage pond water-permeable pipe bottom and that be connected with water level control pipe, the position that described water level control pipe approaches bottom arranges arm, and described arm connects entering water electromagnetic valve, flow of inlet water meter, feed pipe successively; Described water level control pipe bottom connects drain solenoid valve, drain discharge meter, freeing port successively, and described entering water electromagnetic valve, drain solenoid valve are electrically connected to control device, and described flow of inlet water meter, drain discharge meter are electrically connected to monitoring device.
5. simulation experiment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described automatic irrigation device comprises: sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and gravity irrigation device.
6. simulation experiment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described automatic weather station comprises: the evaporating dish of the automatic rainfall meter of metering rainfall and metering water surface evaporation.
7. simulation experiment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described stemflow instrument comprises: pin type stemflow instrument and packaging type stemflow instrument.
8. simulation experiment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Soil Moisture Sensor is time-domain reflectomer TDR.
9. simulation experiment system according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described TDR in the test soil in antiseepage pond according to horizontal vertical both direction a plurality of monitoring points of evenly arranging.
10. according to the simulation experiment system one of claim 1-9 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, described antiseepage pond comprises that the degree of depth is that soil water cycle test tank and the degree of depth of 2-4 rice is to be greater than the groundwater mining test tank of 10 meters.
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