CN102539642A - Simulation testing system of water circulation process under human activity disturbance conditions - Google Patents
Simulation testing system of water circulation process under human activity disturbance conditions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a simulation testing system of a water circulation process under human activity disturbance conditions. The system comprises a simulation platform for simulating nature and human activities, which affect water circulation, and a monitoring platform for monitoring through a sensor, as well as a computer monitoring platform for controlling the simulation platform and performing data sampling and data processing on the monitoring platform, a seepage-proof pool, experimental soil, a rain shelter, a simulation rainfall device, a groundwater level simulation device, a water intake well, an observation device related to vorticity, an automatic weather station, a runoff detection device, a surface runoff sensor, a runoff instrument, a sensor for water content in the soil, a detection device and a control device. The simulation platform, the monitoring platform and the computer monitoring platform of the system disclosed by the invention are organically combined to form specific water circulation sub-systems among the various parts, namely the simulation device, the detection device and a control platform, and the integration of the sub-systems can realize the omnibearing simulation concept of a complex water circulation system of nature-manual work.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the water cycle process simulation experiment system under a kind of mankind's activity disturbed conditions; Being a kind of system that utilizes artificial system simulation natural region water cycle of building, is a kind of hydrographic water resource to be carried out basic test research and data message automated programming system.
Background technology
The research of water cycle process is main research contents and the emphasis difficult point problem in the hydrological science.Mainly contain following several kinds about water cycle process test and research at present:
(1) weather station net
Because water cycle process and rule thereof and nature, social processes are closely bound up, nationally are provided with the weather station net specially the key element of the atmospheric water cyclic process more than the ground is monitored.
(2) hydrographic(al) network
Hydrographic(al) network is mainly monitored the surface water body process element, mainly serves hydraulic engineering application etc.
(3) scientific research and testing station
From the angle of scientific research the particular procedure of particular space is monitored.As adopt lysimeter to rainfall, infiltrate, the migration of evaporation and the holard monitors and tests.Adopt rising of vegetation such as stemflow appearance monitoring crops, forest to send out rule etc.
Some scientific workers have set up the recording geometry to water cycle process to different scientific research purposes; Adopt comprehensive means that the irrigated area water cycle process is carried out scientific research; Like water cycle monitoring test station, irrigated area, mountain, position, Chinese Academy of Sciences Luancheng Agro-ecological System testing station etc., yet because the border, test site is not closed; Reasons such as water cycle process observation is not closed cause observation data can not realize closure, and part water yield whereabouts problem is difficult to the science of problems affect results of study such as answering.
From on can find out that existing water cycle test scheme observation border is not closed; Observation process is not comprehensive, and main observation such as rainfall in the water cycle process and underground water boundary condition is uncontrollable, and the water cycle process analog capability is not enough, is difficult to realize the demand of the water cycle process simulation test under the various boundary.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome prior art problems, the present invention proposes the water cycle process simulation experiment system under a kind of mankind's activity disturbed conditions.Described system can realize different water circulating effect condition, like the water cycle process simulation control and the study on monitoring of different underground water table conditions, different condition of raining, different soils condition, different vegetation conditions etc.As passing through to set different precipitation intensity and bury of groundwater; To different vegetation and different soils; Adopt irrigation methods such as different canal irrigations, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation; To precipitation, irrigation, evaporation, ooze down, meteorological condition, vegetation parameter, evaporation capacity, the observation of key elements such as milliosmolarity, different soils layer parameter, underground water table, groundwater discharge down in the processes such as face of land runoff yield, the recharge of ground water, underground runoff yield, analyze " nature-manual work " binary water balance process.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: the water cycle process simulation experiment system under a kind of mankind's activity disturbed conditions; Described system comprises: to the nature that influences water cycle and the analog platform of mankind's activity simulation and the monitoring platform of monitoring through sensor, and the computer monitoring platform of analog platform being controlled, monitor supervision platform is carried out data sampling and data processing;
Described analog platform comprises: concrete antiseepage pond; Top, described antiseepage pond is provided with rain shade and rainfall simulator; The outside, described antiseepage pond is provided with the underground water table analogue means, and the bottom in described antiseepage pond is provided with the fine sand loaded filter, and said fine sand loaded filter top is according to the soil profile structure filling test soil that is studied the basin; The setting of said experiment soil surface is studied the typical vegetation and the automatic irrigation device in basin, and middle part, said antiseepage pond is provided with the water intake well that has suction pump;
Described monitoring platform comprises: top, said antiseepage pond is provided with the vortex correlation observation device; Described antiseepage pool side is provided with automatic weather station and rainwash observation device; The plant of said typical vegetation is provided with the stemflow appearance; Layering is provided with Soil Moisture Sensor in the said experiment soil, in the said experiment soil water table measure well is set, and in said water table measure bottom pressure inductive underground water table sensor is set;
Described computer monitoring platform comprises: the computer unit that pick-up unit and control device are installed; Described control device is electrically connected with rainfall simulator, underground water table analogue means, automatic irrigation device, the suction pump of analog platform, and described pick-up unit is connected with automatic weather station, footpath flow sensor, stemflow appearance, Soil Moisture Sensor, underground water table sensor electrical.
The beneficial effect that the present invention produces is: water cycle process monitoring and control system that system constructing of the present invention is closed form perfect water cycle simulation test environment.System of the present invention is owing to have analog platform, monitoring platform, computer monitoring platform; Organically combine between three platforms; Make the subsystem that forms certain specific water cycle of simulation between various analogue means, pick-up unit and the control platform; These subsystems comprehensive formed the water cycle simulation system of " nature-manual work " such complicacy, realized the theory to the full-scope simulation of " nature-manual work " this complicated water circulation system.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiments of the invention one said system;
Fig. 2 is the antiseepage pond synoptic diagram of embodiments of the invention ten said systems.
Embodiment
Embodiment one:
Present embodiment is the water cycle process simulation experiment system under a kind of mankind's activity disturbed conditions, and is as shown in Figure 1.The described system of present embodiment comprises:
To the nature that influences water cycle and the analog platform of mankind's activity simulation and the monitoring platform of monitoring through sensor, and the computer monitoring platform that carries out data sampling and data processing to analog platform control, to monitor supervision platform;
Described analog platform comprises: concrete antiseepage pond; Top, described antiseepage pond is provided with rain shade and rainfall simulator; The outside, described antiseepage pond is provided with the underground water table analogue means, and the bottom in described antiseepage pond is provided with the fine sand loaded filter, and said fine sand loaded filter top is according to the soil profile structure filling test soil that is studied the basin; The setting of said experiment soil surface is studied the typical vegetation and the automatic irrigation device in basin, and middle part, said antiseepage pond is provided with the water intake well that has suction pump.
Described monitoring platform comprises: top, said antiseepage pond is provided with the vortex correlation observation device; Described antiseepage pool side is provided with automatic weather station and rainwash measurement mechanism; The plant of said typical vegetation is provided with the stemflow appearance, and layering is provided with Soil Moisture Sensor in the said experiment soil, in the said experiment soil water table measure well is set; In said water table measure bottom pressure inductive underground water table sensor is set.
Described computer monitoring platform comprises: the computer unit that monitoring device and control device are installed; Described control device is electrically connected with rainfall simulator rainfall simulator, underground water table analogue means, automatic irrigation device, the suction pump of analog platform, and described monitoring device is connected with automatic weather station, runoff measuring device, stemflow appearance, Soil Moisture Sensor, underground water table sensor electrical.
As shown in Figure 1,1 is rain shade; 2 is rainfall simulator; 3 is typical vegetation; 4 is the water table measure well; 5 are the rainwash flow direction; 6 is concrete antiseepage pond; 7 are test soil; 8 are the water pump that draws water; 9 is pressure inductive underground water table sensor; 10 is the fine sand loaded filter; 11 is the water-permeable pipe of underground water table analogue means; 12 is the rainwash measurement mechanism; 13 is the contact level sensor positioning motor of groundwater simulation device; 14 is the groundwater level control tube; 15 is the contact level sensor; 16 is drain solenoid valve; 17 is entering water electromagnetic valve; 18 is the flow of inlet water meter; 19 is the vortex correlation observation device; 20 is automatic weather station; 21 is automatic irrigation device; 22 is the TDR Soil Moisture Sensor; 23 is the stemflow appearance; 24 for the control platform, wherein comprises the suction pump control device of rainfall simulator, underground water table analogue means, water intake well, the control device of automatic irrigation device; 25 is that drain discharge meter, 26 is that water inlet direction, 27 is the water outlet direction.
Water circulation system is the huge dynamic system of too many levels, and the water of occurring in nature is realized its circulation and phase transformation through multiple route.Space by its generation can be divided into global systemic circulation, ocean water circulation and terrestrial water circulation.Wherein terrestrial water circulation and human being's production, life and environment are closely related.Generally comprise rainfall, evaporate, infiltrate, processes such as vegetation transpiration, holard seepage, underground water circulation and rainwash.Meanwhile, receive the effect of human activity also to exist diversion irrigation and water-break, city to take water and sewage discharge, mining of groundwater and artificial water cycle process such as recharge.In addition, it is also more and more stronger to the disturbance of water cycle process that people change into the activity of nature, increases/disappear movable time, steric course and the flux that significantly changes these natural water cycle processes such as rain, afforestation, agricultural production like manual work.
Particularly the region of no relief is concentrated, the strongest zone of mankind's activity.Nature water cycle process and the stack of artificial water cycle process make this regional water cycle process present typically " binary " characteristic.In order to further investigate the binary water cycle process, present embodiment is the basis with the proper motion of moisture, fully utilizes existing monitoring and control theory and means, has formed perfect water cycle process simulation experiment system.
The described simulation experiment system of present embodiment comprises analog platform, monitoring platform and three parts of computer monitoring platform.
Analog platform is the center with concrete antiseepage pond, and various water cycle simulation systems are set.Concrete antiseepage pond is more accurately reliable in order the water inside and outside the pond to be separated fully, make the experimental data of carrying out in the antiseepage pond.Install the underground water table analogue means additional in bottom, antiseepage pond, be studied the underground water situation in basin with simulation.
Soil profile structure normal root is really confirmed according to the soil profile investigation result that is studied the basin.During concrete test, select at selected study area and to fetch earth a little, carry out layering according to the test demand and fetch earth.When banketing, order is carried out back-filling in layers according to fetching earth.
Experiment soil loads the back that finishes and lays the water intake well that has suction pump in the center of the soil body, plants surface vegetation at the experiment upper soll layer according to being studied basin typical earth surface vegetation pattern simultaneously, and lays automatic irrigation device.Directly over the antiseepage pond, install rainfall simulator and rain shade additional, thereby form rainfall and the controlled water cycle process analog platform of underground water.
For testing conveniently, can the antiseepage pond be separated with concrete partition wall, form the antiseepage pond of a plurality of mutual isolation, and the different antiseepage pond of the depth is set as required, form the test block that a plurality of mutual isolation connect each other again.Some facility can be shared in these test blocks, and for example: control platform, automatic weather station, rain shade, rainfall simulator etc., other analogue means and monitoring device all need be set up separately.For example the antiseepage pond of present embodiment practical application comprises: the soil water cycle test tank of 4 dark 4m of the wide 7m of long 20m that are arranged side by side and the groundwater mining test tank of 1 dark 10m of the wide 7m of long 20m; As shown in Figure 2, form four soil water cycle test blocks and a groundwater mining test block.
According to the characteristics of water cycle process, the emphasis that the concrete anti-seepage pond that the depth is different is respectively applied for the water cycle process simulation is different.According to existing research, the zone that soil water cycle is the strongest mainly concentrates in the zone of subsurface 2m.Therefore, the degree of depth being set is that the antiseepage pond of 3-4m is mainly used in typical shrub, grass by the water cycle process simulation under the different surface cover situation such as, crops and bare area.The emphasis of simulation is the simulation of process such as soil water movement, infiltration of ground surface and evaporation, vegetation transpiration under different rainfalls and the groundwater condition.Be the influence of simulated groundwater over-extraction, the above antiseepage pond of 10m is set, be mainly used in the recharge of ground water and discharge process simulation under the different condition environment.
Rain shade is mainly used in according to test setting demand, controls and adjusts dropping to the natural precipitation amount that is studied the basin.Rain shade should be folded, mainly is made up of folding steelframe and canopy face.Folding can have various ways, folds like electric foldable or by manual work etc.The canopy face can adopt the material of hard, for example rigid plastic, iron sheet, spun glass this etc., also can adopt flexible material, for example canvas, Polypropylence Sheet etc.The effect of rain shade is to block natural precipitation, also can utilize natural precipitation, promptly in experiment, runs into natural precipitation, needs rainfall then to open rain shade like experiment just in time, if experiment does not need rainfall then open rain shade.
The effect of rainfall simulator is the rainfall in the simulating natural environment, should simulate the rainfall state that is occurred in the various physical environments such as light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain, heavy rain.Rainfall simulator mainly is made up of power system, water-carriage system, control system and spray system.Power system mainly is made up of water pump, and water-carriage system mainly is made up of Plastic Steel Pipe, and control system mainly is made up of solenoid valve, pressure transducer and middle control computer, and spray system mainly is made up of jet head sets.During concrete work, start the pressurization of supplying water of corresponding water pump, make spray system under specified pressure, spray current according to requirement such as the rainfall intensity of setting, rain time, thus the rainfall of formation appointment raininess and time process.The rainfall simulator that the simulation system of building according to present embodiment is used utilizes a transfer gantry that 12.5m is high, and spray equipment is installed in the below of transfer gantry crossbeam, utilizes transfer gantry can realize moving between the different antiseepages pond along moving of track.
The underground water table analogue means mainly by computing machine and Control Software, advances/goes out water solenoid valve, advances/the water flow meter contact water level gauge, contact water level gauge positioning motor, water level control pipe, underground water water-permeable pipe.Both can carry out underground water table and decide the simulation of head water cycle process, also can carry out the water cycle process simulation of the varying head process of underground water table.Decide head water cycle process simulation process: 1. utilize Control Software, water level settings contact water level gauge height on demand; 2. control electromagnetic valve begins water inlet, and current get into the ground water collecting pipe through communicating pipe, under the effect of hydraulic pressure, get into soil through loaded filter; Water level in the water level control pipe also constantly raises simultaneously, then stops water filling when water level reaches setting value, and water level is lower than then water filling again of setting value; 3. along with the carrying out of water filling, begin to catchment in the underground water table well logging, the pressure type water level gauge that is installed in wherein constantly feeds back to control system with the water level reading.When underground water level well logging water level reaches the water cycle simulated conditions that setting value then reaches setting, can carry out the observation simulation test of water cycle process.In the process of the test, because the synergy of contact water level gauge and solenoid valve can remain on setting value with underground water table.
The described fine sand loaded filter of present embodiment refers to the thick even fine sand layer of 20-40cm in the laying of the bottom in antiseepage pond.Mainly be to utilize the sand bed factor of porosity bigger, the characteristic that water transmitting ability is strong reduces the subsoil storage and releases the difference of condition such as different parts water pressure in the water process.Pass through the water-permeable pipe of underground water table analogue means simultaneously, but realize the additional rapidly or collection of water in underground water table rising or the decline process, guarantee the consistance of testing soil water storage or releasing boundary condition in the water process above it.
Being provided with of the described typical vegetation of present embodiment needs to confirm according to concrete research purpose.According to domestic and international research, general crops and grass are used planting patterns and realize, vegetation such as shrub and arbor adopt the mode of transplanting to handle.With water cycle process research in the staple crops wheat planting process of the North China Plain is example, utilizes present embodiment to rise the wheat soil evaporation of all breeding times, plant to send out, the holard and carry out real-time online observation and research with process such as phreatic dynamic change.In this process, utilize automatic irrigation device, rainfall simulator and underground water table analogue means can effectively simulate the manual intervention process, thereby give security for the scientific research of various objectives.
Automatic irrigation device comprises formations such as controller, soil moisture sensor, solenoid valve, flowmeter.Concrete irrigation method is confirmed by testing program, can in modes such as drip irrigation, gravity irrigation and microspray irrigation, select.Concrete control mode is: according to experimental program is that controller is set conditions such as soil moisture content, duty, takes into account Soil Moisture Sensor through flow and realizes the keying of solenoid valve to the controller feedack, thereby realize the automatic control of irrigation.
The effect that has the water intake well of suction pump is mainly the influence of simulation water intaking, and each antiseepage pond is provided with one, is positioned at the center position in each antiseepage pond.The structure of water intake well and requirement can be confirmed according to SL256-2000 " motor-pumped well code requirement " and GB50296-99 " Technical standard for water supply well ".
Monitoring platform mainly contains various sensors and harvester constitutes, and each data of testing are detected and gather.
Water cycle process comprises the motion and the transmission of different shape water in the multiple medium, mainly comprises atmospheric water, the holard, vegetation water and underground water, and main transmission course comprises rainfall, infiltrates, evaporation, seepage and processes such as artificial diversion irrigation and water pump water lift.Monitor to processes such as atmospheric water flux, rainfall amount, vegetation transpiration, face of land runoff yield, soil moisture content, underground water table, duties, utilize water circulation system comprehensive monitoring Control Software to form closed water cycle process monitoring and control system.
Present embodiment is to vaporous water flux (W
Air) observation adopt the vortex correlation observation device to observe (referring to Fig. 1), for plant water consumption (E
Veg) change procedure adopts during the stemflow appearance observes; Adopt sub-district rainwash measurement mechanism for face of land runoff yield (R); Adopt TDR Soil Moisture Sensor monitoring change procedure for the holard (Ws), underground water is changed (Δ W) adopt underground water table inspection well monitoring SEA LEVEL VARIATION (Δ H) to monitor.Simultaneously, adopt the automatic rain gage of automatic weather station that rainfall amount (P) is monitored, adopt evaporating dish water surface evaporation (E
w) monitor in real time.In addition, adopt the drain discharge meter of underground water table TT&C system that underground seepage amount is monitored in real time.Thereby constitute closed water cycle process monitoring platform.
Described rainwash measurement mechanism is to be used for the runoff process that the face of land, experiments of measuring district produces, and mainly is made up of triangle weir, ultrasonic water level gauge, trench drain.Install at middle part in each test site, and the rainwash process of effluenting of each test site is monitored.Concrete use principle is: draw water level-discharge relation according to the triangular-notch weir principle of effluenting, utilize ultrasonic water level gauge to measure water level, thereby draw the process of effluenting of the face of land, test block runoff yield.
The present embodiment Soil Moisture Sensor can adopt various professional sensors, as adopting TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry, time-domain reflectomer) soil moisture content is monitored.
The stemflow appearance is then selected the different sensor type for use according to the concrete vegetation that test is adopted, and thin bar stem vegetation is adopted packaging type stemflow appearance, and thick bar stem vegetation is adopted pin type stemflow appearance.
The core of computer monitoring platform is a computer unit, and computer unit can be common PC or server, or workstation.Control Software and monitoring of software have been installed in the computer unit, have been formed control device and pick-up unit.Control device is controlled each equipment in the analog platform, realizes the water cycle simulation.The data that monitoring device is gathered each sensor are handled and are stored.
The real-time information that monitoring device is gathered each sensor of the said simulation experiment system of present embodiment is handled; Through each subprocess such as the rainfall of water cycle, evaporation, irrigation, water intaking transpiration is monitored in real time; Draw the moisture flux of each subprocess, thereby realize closure monitoring water cycle process.
Simultaneously, analog platform utilizes programming Control to rainfall simulator, underground water table analogue means, water intake well and the different mankind's activity sight of water intake well simulation.Thereby realize under the mankind's activity condition study on monitoring of water cycle process.
Each device laying finishes from system, promptly begins to utilize the computer monitoring platform that the various parameters of water cycle process are carried out in real time, gathered automatically, and calculates the variations of flux data of each water cycle subprocess.
Simultaneously can be directed against concrete research purpose, set different experimental study schemes.Utilize rainfall simulator, underground water table analogue means, water intake well can realize the simulation and the reproduction of the cyclic process of nature different water, thereby be different water cycle process research services.
The computer monitoring platform is the part of whole simulation experiment system, and its function is real-time, automatic online acquisition and the water cycle process data of handling various sensor monitors, and calculates the variations of flux of different water cyclic process automatically.
Utilize present embodiment to the water cycle process simulation experiment method:
Mankind's activity comprises the influence of water cycle process and changes rainfall amount and rainfall, mining of groundwater, change surface cover with change evapotranspiration etc.Utilize the simulation experiment system of present embodiment not only can realize closure observation, can observe the water cycle subprocess of paying close attention to simultaneously water cycle process.
(1) region of no relief water cycle process simulation experiment method:
The region of no relief is the main region of human society life and work, and water cycle process receives the effect of human activity remarkable, is the most significant zones of " nature-manual work " binary water cycle characteristics.Utilize present embodiment, adopt survey region typical geology section to make an experiment and banket, choose typically by type such as typical crop, forest land etc. as surface vegetation.Utilize rainfall simulator and rain shade control condition of raining, utilize the underground water table analogue means to simulate different underground water table conditions, can effectively simulate region of no relief water cycle process boundary condition through automatic irrigation device and water intake well simulation.Through monitoring platform water cycle process is monitored on this basis.Thereby realize region of no relief water cycle process simulation test.
(2) evaporation process simulation experiment method:
Evaporation is one of important water cycle process.Because the complicacy of land face, under the particularly climate change condition, the research of evaporation process is a human important ring of holding the water cycle process Changing Pattern always.Utilize present embodiment; Vaporous water flux (Wair) is that total evaporation is divided into soil evaporation and rising two parts of vegetation; Utilize the plant water consumption (Eveg) of stemflow appearance monitoring and the water surface evaporation (Ew) of evaporating dish monitoring, can effectively implement monitoring soil evaporativeness.Because rainfall, underground water and irrigation and surface vegetation etc. all can be realized manual control, the analogue test platform of science is provided for evaporation process response under the research different condition and Changing Pattern.
(3) the big buried depth recharge of ground water in region of no relief circulative metabolism simulation experiment method:
Present stage,, significantly changed recharge of ground water cyclic process because socio-economic development is serious at many regional groundwater minings to the demand of water resource.Therefore, the research to phreatic supply circulative metabolism of big buried depth and rejuvenation mechanism thereof has important scientific meaning and more practical value.Utilize present embodiment to pass through control and simulation, utilize soil moisture and water table measure, can accurately monitor holard seepage recharge groundwater situation border conditions such as rainfall, irrigation, bury of groundwater.Thereby realize region of no relief big buried depth recharge of ground water circulative metabolism simulation test research.
(4) holard and vegetation ecological process response simulation experiment method thereof under the underground water change condition:
Under the climate change condition, extreme hydrology incident such as arid and flood is on the increase.Therefore, effectively reflect water stress and response relation between the different sub process, vegetation has important scientific guidance meaning to the response pattern of processes such as the holard, underground water under the research various boundary.Utilize present embodiment to set different rainfall sights, different underground water sight, different vegetation sights etc., can effectively carry out the research of vegetation response process rule.
Water cycle process is a dynamic circulation process, utilizes different instrument and equipments that different water cyclic process running parameter is carried out real-time dynamic monitoring.4 researchs recited above only are that data monitored is directly taken and got final product to the research demand of concrete problem in science.Rainfall, underground water, man-made irrigation that research institute needs and border condition such as draw water can be transferred the confession Application Research at any time also with the form real-time storage of file.
Embodiment two:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is the refinement of embodiment one about rain shade.The described rain shade of present embodiment can be folded.
Rain shade that can be folded is in order to control the test site boundary condition, and utilizes natural precipitation conserve water resource.
Embodiment three:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is the refinement of embodiment one about rainfall simulator.The described rainfall simulator of present embodiment comprises: be installed in the track of both sides, antiseepage pond, the door type walker that can walk in orbit is equipped with shower on the entablature of said door type walker, and a plurality of shower nozzles are installed on the described shower.
The described door of present embodiment type walker can be the transfer gantry that removes suspension hook and hoist system, shower is arranged on the crossbeam below of transfer gantry.Utilize the transportable characteristics of transfer gantry, realize the simulated rainfall in different experiments district.Described shower nozzle can have the water spray state of various ways, both can spray superfine water smoke, with simulation drizzle, also can spray thicker water droplet, and with the simulation downpour, and different rain types are between the two simulated the natural precipitation of various rainfall.
Embodiment four:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is the refinement of embodiment one about the underground water table analogue means.The described underground water table analogue means of present embodiment comprises: the water level control pipe that is installed in antiseepage pond one side; Be installed in the contact level sensor positioning motor on water level control pipe top, positioning motor drives the contact level sensor that in water level control pipe, moves up and down; Be arranged on the antiseepage pond water-permeable pipe bottom and that be connected with water level control pipe, said water level control pipe is provided with arm near the position of bottom, and described arm connects entering water electromagnetic valve, flow of inlet water meter, feed pipe successively; Described water level control pipe bottom connects drain solenoid valve, drain discharge meter, freeing port successively, and described entering water electromagnetic valve, drain solenoid valve are electrically connected with control device, and described flow of inlet water meter, drain discharge meter are electrically connected with monitoring device.
The water level control pipe of the described underground water table analogue means of present embodiment is a pipe that vertically is provided with, and the degree of depth in the length of pipe and antiseepage pond is similar.The contact level sensor has been confirmed the height of simulate formation water level, and can adjust height of water level in real time through the control to positioning motor.The height of contact level sensor in water level control pipe is in case confirm that control device just highly passes through control electromagnetic valve water delivery in water-permeable pipe according to this.Water-permeable pipe enters water in the experiment soil, and the moisture of bottom in the experiment soil is increased, and makes and be rich in moisture soil and increase gradually, up to the height of contact level sensor, and keeps this height of water level, with this simulate formation water level.
Embodiment five:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is the refinement of embodiment one about automatic irrigation device.The described automatic irrigation device of present embodiment comprises: sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and gravity irrigation device.
Rainer is by the water pipe and the shower nozzle of reality sprinkling irrigation, and water is sprayed at the experiment upper soll layer.Drip irrigation appliance then be utilize water pipe with water droplet in plant roots.The water pipe of various irrigation rigs can be set at upper soll layer in the present embodiment.Gravity irrigation then uses channel to realize the simulation of gravity irrigation.Various irrigation rigs all will have automatically controlled irrigation water supply system, and control device is controlled automatically controlled irrigation water supply system, with the irrigation activity of simulating human.
Embodiment six:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is the refinement of embodiment one about automatic weather station.The described automatic weather station of present embodiment comprises: the automatic rain gage of metering rainfall and the evaporating dish of metering water surface evaporation.
The described automatic weather station of present embodiment is mainly monitored rainfall and evaporated quantity of water, also will monitor other meteorologic parameters such as temperature, ground temperature, wind speed air pressure simultaneously.
Embodiment seven:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is that embodiment one is about the refinement of stemflow appearance.The described stemflow appearance of present embodiment comprises: pin type stemflow appearance and packaging type stemflow appearance.
Adopt pin type stemflow appearance for large-scale xylophyta, then adopt packaging type stemflow appearance for herbaceous plant.
Embodiment eight:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is the refinement of embodiment one about Soil Moisture Sensor.The described Soil Moisture Sensor of present embodiment is time-domain reflectomer TDR.
Time-domain reflectomer TDR is the neutron appearance that continues; FDR (Frequency Domain Reflectometry; Frequency domain reflectometer) a kind of new soil moisture determination instrument that occurs afterwards, TDR utilizes the velocity of propagation difference outstanding feature of electromagnetic wave in the different soils medium to carry out soil basis determining.Because the difference in dielectric constant of soil particle, water and air itself is very big, thus in certain volume soil the ratio of water not simultaneously its specific inductive capacity obvious variation is just arranged, just can judge its water cut through mensuration electromagnetic wave propagation speed.
Embodiment nine:
Present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is the refinement of embodiment one about described TDR.The described TDR of present embodiment in the test soil in antiseepage pond according to horizontal vertical both direction a plurality of monitoring points of evenly arranging.
Soil Moisture Sensor adopts TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry, time-domain reflectomer) that soil moisture content is monitored.Soil Moisture Sensor laying mode on the vertical direction in the antiseepage pond is divided into two kinds, and the Soil Moisture Sensor depth of burying of the soil water cycle test tank that wherein 4m is dark is respectively 0.1,0.4,0.9,1.4,1.9,2.4,2.9,3.4,3.9m.The Soil Moisture Sensor depth of burying of the groundwater mining test tank that 10m is dark is respectively 0.1,0.4,0.9,1.4,1.9,2.4,2.9,3.4,4.1,4.8,5.7,6.4,7.1,7.8,8.7,9.6m.Laying mode in the horizontal direction is divided into two kinds; Wherein the groundwater mining test tank is every on the 20m length direction lays the sensor of 1 group of vertical direction at a distance from 1m along the axis, the soil water cycle test tank then in axis, 20m length direction upper edge equidistance lay the sensor of 3 groups of vertical direction.
Embodiment ten:
Present embodiment is the improvement of the foregoing description, is that the foregoing description is about the refinement of antiseepage pond.The described antiseepage of present embodiment pond comprises that the degree of depth is that the soil water cycle test tank 601 of 2-4 rice is the groundwater mining test tank 602 greater than 10 meters with the degree of depth.
Soil water cycle generally occurs within the scope of underground 1-3 rice.It is bad that the degree of depth of soil water cycle test tank is crossed shallow then experiment effect, deeply then there is no need very much, and it is reasonably that test tank is set to 3-5 rice, general 4 meters proper experimentizing.
It is good more deeply more that the simulated experiment of groundwater mining is hoped certainly; Because hope the underground water source that simulation is darker; But too dark test tank cost is too high, and 10 meters or darker groundwater mining test tank are more reasonable, can be through the over-extraction process of adjustment simulation below 10 meters of parameter.
What should explain at last is; Below only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although the present invention is specified with reference to the preferred arrangement scheme; Those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention (such as the concrete outcome of connected mode, each device of device and function etc.), and do not break away from the spirit and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the water cycle process simulation experiment system under the mankind's activity disturbed conditions; It is characterized in that; Described system comprises: to the nature that influences water cycle and the analog platform of mankind's activity simulation and the monitoring platform of monitoring through sensor, and the computer monitoring platform of analog platform being controlled, monitor supervision platform is carried out data sampling and data processing;
Described analog platform comprises: concrete antiseepage pond; Top, described antiseepage pond is provided with rain shade and rainfall simulator; The outside, described antiseepage pond is provided with the underground water table analogue means, and the bottom in described antiseepage pond is provided with the fine sand loaded filter, and said fine sand loaded filter top is according to the soil profile structure filling test soil that is studied the basin; The setting of said experiment soil surface is studied the typical vegetation and the automatic irrigation device in basin, and middle part, said antiseepage pond is provided with the water intake well that has suction pump;
Described monitoring platform comprises: top, said antiseepage pond is provided with the vortex correlation observation device; Described antiseepage pool side is provided with automatic weather station and rainwash observation device; The plant of said typical vegetation is provided with the stemflow appearance; Layering is provided with Soil Moisture Sensor in the said experiment soil, in the said experiment soil water table measure well is set, and in said water table measure bottom pressure inductive underground water table sensor is set;
Described computer monitoring platform comprises: the computer unit that pick-up unit and control device are installed; Described control device is electrically connected with rainfall simulator, underground water table analogue means, automatic irrigation device, the suction pump of analog platform, and described pick-up unit is connected with automatic weather station, footpath flow sensor, stemflow appearance, Soil Moisture Sensor, underground water table sensor electrical.
2. simulation experiment system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described rain shade can be folded.
3. simulation experiment system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described rainfall simulator comprises: the track that is installed in both sides, antiseepage pond; The door type walker that can walk in orbit is equipped with shower on the entablature of said door type walker, and a plurality of shower nozzles are installed on the described shower.
4. simulation experiment system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described underground water table analogue means comprises: the water level control pipe that is installed in antiseepage pond one side; Be installed in the contact level sensor positioning motor on water level control pipe top, positioning motor drives the contact level sensor that in water level control pipe, moves up and down; Be arranged on the antiseepage pond water-permeable pipe bottom and that be connected with water level control pipe, said water level control pipe is provided with arm near the position of bottom, and described arm connects entering water electromagnetic valve, flow of inlet water meter, feed pipe successively; Described water level control pipe bottom connects drain solenoid valve, drain discharge meter, freeing port successively, and described entering water electromagnetic valve, drain solenoid valve are electrically connected with control device, and described flow of inlet water meter, drain discharge meter are electrically connected with monitoring device.
5. simulation experiment system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described automatic irrigation device comprises: sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and gravity irrigation device.
6. simulation experiment system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described automatic weather station comprises: the automatic rain gage of metering rainfall and the evaporating dish of metering water surface evaporation.
7. simulation experiment system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described stemflow appearance comprises: pin type stemflow appearance and packaging type stemflow appearance.
8. simulation experiment system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described Soil Moisture Sensor is time-domain reflectomer TDR.
9. experimental system for simulating according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described TDR in the test soil in antiseepage pond according to horizontal vertical both direction a plurality of monitoring points of evenly arranging.
10. according to the described experimental system for simulating of one of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that described antiseepage pond comprises that the degree of depth is that soil water cycle test tank and the degree of depth of 2-4 rice is the groundwater mining test tank greater than 10 meters.
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