It is a kind of that layering constant-pressure infiltration irrigation system and method are carried out according to root system of plant distribution
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural water-saving irrigation and automation field, in particular to a kind of be distributed according to root system of plant carries out
It is layered the System and method for of constant pressure infiltrating irrigation.
Background technique
Current irrigation method widely used in agricultural production is still flood irrigation, although flood irrigation effective solution is planted
The problem of object arid, but the soil profile flowing of large quantity of moisture from top to down, not only break up the soil point near root system of plant
Fertilizer can also be washed away into deep subsoil to polluted underground water, greatly waste water resource by cloth.Therefore on this basis, it pushes away
Filtration irrigation method has been gone out, infiltrating irrigation is a kind of underground micro-irrigation form, is referred under low hydraulics, and irrigation water is made (containing soluble nutriment)
By setting up or being buried in the micropore on the infiltration tube wall within the scope of each plant of farm-forestry crop root system, seeped from inside to outside in sweating shape
Out, crop root layer surrounding soil is moistened in a manner of infiltration to drip, i.e., directly supply in due course, appropriately to each plant of farm-forestry crop root system
Water, keeping a kind of water-saving and yield-increasing irrigation technique method.
Soil can be divided into topsoil and deep soil, after irrigation, due to the influence of solar radiation, topsoil
Moisture evaporation is very fast, therefore the humidity of topsoil can be lower than the humidity of deep soil, when the humidity of deep soil meets plant
When growth conditions, the humidity of topsoil is lower than the growth conditions of plant sometimes.And it can be a large amount of when the root growth of plant
The moisture in deep soil is absorbed, the humidity of deep soil can be lower than the humidity of topsoil without being able to satisfy root system of plant at this time
Growth conditions.
The Chinese patent of application number 201020565352.9 discloses infiltrating irrigation system for navel orange orchard, and mentioning in the patent will seep
Water pipe is embedded in the every row fruit tree in navel orange orchard and medially descends the depths 35cm, and the measurement of the depths 30cm is held in navel orange tree crown drip soil
Water should pour water in time when water-holding capacity is below 40%, stop irrigating when up to 80%.It is navel orange fruit that infiltrating irrigation pipe is applied in this patent
Moisture needed for tree provides growth, but do not consider topsoil arid to fruit tree in view of whether needing to be layered irrigation
It influences, while also not in view of influence of the pressure change to infiltrating irrigation in water pipe.
Summary of the invention
Layering constant-pressure infiltration irrigation system and method are carried out according to root system of plant distribution the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of, with
Influence in view of surface layer arid to phenomenon is irrigated realizes that layering is irrigated, improves and irrigate uniformity and water-saving rate.
For the technical problem more than solving, the specific technical solution that the present invention uses is as follows:
It is a kind of that layering constant-pressure infiltration irrigation system is carried out according to root system of plant distribution, characterized by comprising: filter screen (1), master
Manage (2), water pump (3), non-return valve (4), regulating valve (5), Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator (6), cascade filter (7), well strainer
(8), flowmeter (9), pressure sensor (10), fertilizer spreading tank (11), main pipe (12), No. 1 solenoid valve (13), No. 2 solenoid valves (14),
No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe (15), No. 2 infiltrating irrigation pipes (16), No. 1 humidity sensor (17), No. 2 humidity sensors (18), No. 3 humidity sensors
(19), mulch (20), exhaust valve (21), controller (22), frequency converter (23);Filter screen is sequentially connected on the supervisor (2)
(1), water pump (3), non-return valve (4), regulating valve (5), Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator (6), cascade filter (7), well strainer (8),
Flowmeter (9), pressure sensor (10), fertilizer spreading tank (11);Each No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe (15) is separately connected on the main pipe (12)
With No. 2 infiltrating irrigation pipes (16);No. 1 solenoid valve (13), exhaust valve (21) are sequentially connected on No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe (15);Described 2
No. 2 solenoid valves (14), exhaust valve (21) are sequentially connected on number infiltrating irrigation pipe (16).
No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe (15) is located at ground flora middle position, is located at earth's surface or less 5-10cm, and earth's surface is laid with ground
Film (20);No. 2 infiltrating irrigation pipes (16) are located at immediately below No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe (15) at 20-25cm.
The distance between two neighboring described No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe (15) is equal to the line-spacing of plant.
No. 1 humidity sensor (17) is located at earth's surface or less 10cm, and No. 2 humidity sensors (18) are located at earth's surface or less
At 15cm, No. 3 humidity sensors (19) are located at earth's surface or less 20cm.
No. 1 humidity sensor (17), No. 2 humidity sensors (18), No. 3 humidity sensors (19) and pressure sensor (10)
It is connected with controller (22) input terminal;Input terminal and the control of No. 1 solenoid valve (13), No. 2 solenoid valves (14) and frequency converter (23)
The output end of device (22) is connected;Water pump (3) connects the output end of frequency converter (23).
It is a kind of that layering constant pressure filtration irrigation method is carried out according to root system of plant distribution, it is characterised in that: specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1, in controller (22) input pressure setting value and each depth soil moisture setting value;
Step 2, when No. 1 humidity sensor (17) detects the soil moisture of the depth lower than setting value, water is opened
Pump (3) and No. 1 solenoid valve (13);When No. 3 humidity sensors (19) detect the soil moisture of the depth lower than setting value
When, open water pump (3) and No. 2 solenoid valves (14);
Step 3, it after the infiltrating irrigation system operation, is set when pressure sensor (10) detects that the pressure in supervisor (2) is lower than
It when definite value, opens frequency converter (23), increases pressure: when detecting that pressure is higher than setting value, opening frequency converter (23), reduce pressure
Power;
Step 4, when No. 2 humidity sensors (18) detect that soil moisture changes, No. 1 solenoid valve (13) is closed;
When No. 3 humidity sensors (19) detect that soil moisture is higher than setting value, No. 2 solenoid valves (14) are closed;
Step 5, after No. 1 solenoid valve (13) and No. 2 solenoid valves (14) are turned off, infiltrating irrigation terminates, and switch off the pump (3), protects
Controller (22) unlatching is held, next infiltrating irrigation period is waited.
The process of work of the invention.The present invention utilizes the feelings opened and closed the case where soil moisture as solenoid valve
Condition, using pressure sensor detection pressure to control system constant-pressure operation.Present invention input system in controller (22)
The humidity set point of rated pressure, the humidity set point of topsoil and deep soil, when No. 1 humidity sensor (17) detects
When the soil moisture of the depth is lower than setting value, water pump (2) and No. 1 solenoid valve (13) are opened, when No. 3 humidity sensors (19)
When detecting the soil moisture of the depth lower than setting value, No. 21 solenoid valves (14) are opened.After system operation, pressure sensor
(10) pressure in detection system pipeline is opened frequency converter (23) when pressure is lower than rated pressure, increases turning for water pump (3)
Speed increases the pressure of system;It when pressure is higher than rated pressure, opens frequency converter (23), reduces the revolving speed of water pump (3), reduce
The pressure of system;Guarantee the constant-pressure operation of system with this.When No. 2 humidity sensors (18) detect that soil moisture changes
When, close No. 1 solenoid valve (13);When No. 3 humidity sensors (19) detect that soil moisture is higher than setting value, No. 2 electricity are closed
Magnet valve (14);When No. 1 solenoid valve (13) and No. 2 solenoid valves (14) are turned off, switch off the pump (3), terminates infiltrating irrigation, waits next
The secondary watering period.
The present invention has beneficial effect.The present invention is in view of the humidity inhomogeneities of topsoil and deep soil is to plant
The irrigation of plant is divided into surface layer irrigation and deep layer is irrigated by the influence of growth, is irrigated in solution growing process by layering
Influence of the humidity inhomogeneities to plant growth.The present invention is sentenced by the real-time monitoring to topsoil and deep soil humidity
The situation of arid, the opening and closing of solenoid valve are controlled with this at disconnected topsoil and deep soil, are that the layering of plant fills
It irrigates and provides reasonable solution, by the use of pressure sensor and frequency converter, guarantee the constant-pressure operation of system, improve
It irrigates uniformity and water-saving rate, ensure that plant is real-time, suitable irrigation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is infiltrating irrigation system of the present invention composition and structural schematic diagram.
In figure: 1. strainers, 2. supervisors, 3. water pumps, 4. non-return valves, 5. regulating valves, 6. Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator, 7.
Cascade filter, 8. well strainers, 9. flowmeters, 10. pressure sensors, 11. fertilizer spreading tanks, 12. main pipes, 13. No. 1
Solenoid valve, 14. No. 2 solenoid valves, 15. No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipes, 16. No. 2 infiltrating irrigation pipes, 17. No. 1 humidity sensors, 18. No. 2 it is wet
Spend sensor, 19. No. 3 humidity sensors, 20. mulches, 21. exhaust valves, 22. controllers, 23. frequency converters.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the specific embodiment of this method is described in further detail.Implement below
Example is not limited to the range of this method for illustrating this method.
System the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of the invention is as shown in Figure 1, including filter screen 1, supervisor 2, water pump 3, non-return valve 4, adjusting
Valve 5, Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator 6, cascade filter 7, well strainer 8, flowmeter 9, pressure sensor 10, fertilizer spreading tank 11, main pipe
12, No. 1 humidity of humidity sensor 17,2 of infiltrating irrigation pipe 16,1 of infiltrating irrigation pipe 15,2 of solenoid valve 14,1 of solenoid valve 13,2 passes
Sensor 18, No. 3 humidity sensors 19, mulch 20, exhaust valve 21, controller 22, frequency converters 23;Filtering is sequentially connected on supervisor 2
Net 1, water pump 3, non-return valve 4, regulating valve 5, Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator 6, cascade filter 7, well strainer 8, flowmeter 9, pressure
Sensor 10, fertilizer spreading tank 11;Each No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe 15 and No. 2 infiltrating irrigation pipe 16 is separately connected on main pipe 12;On No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe 15
It is sequentially connected No. 1 solenoid valve 13, exhaust valve 21;No. 2 solenoid valves 14, exhaust valve 21 are sequentially connected on No. 2 infiltrating irrigation pipes 16.No. 1 infiltration
It fills pipe 15 and is located at ground flora middle position, be located at earth's surface or less 5-10cm, earth's surface laying plastic 20;No. 2 infiltrating irrigation pipe 16
At No. 1 15 underface 20-25cm of infiltrating irrigation pipe.The distance between each No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe 15 is equal to the line-spacing of plant.No. 1 humidity passes
Sensor 17 is located at earth's surface or less 10cm, and No. 2 humidity sensors 18 are located at earth's surface or less 15cm, and No. 3 humidity sensor 19
Below the earth's surface at 20cm.No. 1 humidity sensor 17,2 humidity sensor 18,3 humidity sensor 19 and pressure sensor
10 are connected with 22 input terminal of controller;The input terminal of 13, No. 2 solenoid valves 14 of No. 1 solenoid valve and frequency converter 23 and controller 22
Output end is connected;The output end of the connection frequency converter 23 of water pump 3.
In this example, No. 1 infiltrating irrigation pipe 15 and No. 2 infiltrating irrigation pipe 16 is all made of Quality type infiltrating irrigation pipe, No. 1 humidity sensor 17,2
The model of number humidity sensor 18 and No. 3 humidity sensor 19 is CS616, the model QBE2002- of pressure sensor 10
P16, mulch 20 are clear PE film.
Infiltrating irrigation regional soil be loam clay, test plant be Anji white tea, the age of tree about 7 years.Test the tea root measured
Depth is 45cm.The course of work of lower infiltrating irrigation is described further below.
Step 1: the input pressure setting value 0.06Mpa in controller 22, the soil moisture inputted at 10cm and 20cm is set
Definite value 15%, 25%.
Step 2: opening water pump 3 and 1 when No. 1 humidity sensor 17 detects the soil moisture at 10cm lower than 15%
Number solenoid valve 13;When No. 3 humidity sensors 19 detect the soil moisture at 20cm lower than 15%, No. 2 solenoid valves 14 are opened.
Step 3: when pressure sensor detects pressure lower than 0.06Mpa, opening frequency converter 23 after system operation, increasing
Plus-pressure;When detecting that pressure is higher than 0.06Mpa, frequency converter 23 is opened, reduces pressure.
Step 4: closing No. 1 solenoid valve 13 when No. 2 humidity sensors 18 detect that soil moisture changes;When 3
When number humidity sensor 19 detects that soil moisture is higher than 25%, No. 2 solenoid valves 14 are closed.
Step 5: infiltrating irrigation terminates after No. 1 solenoid valve 13 and No. 2 solenoid valve 14 is turned off, 3 are switched off the pump, keep control
Device 22 is opened, and next infiltrating irrigation period is waited.
Embodiment of above is merely to illustrate this method, and is not the limitation to this method, in relation to the common of technical field
Technical staff can also make a variety of changes and modification in the case where not departing from the spirit and scope of this method, therefore all
Equivalent technical solution also belongs to the scope of this method, and the scope of patent protection of this method should be defined by the claims.