CN109799324A - A kind of lateral undercurrent exchange measuring device in river and its measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of lateral undercurrent exchange measuring device in river and its measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109799324A CN109799324A CN201910025058.4A CN201910025058A CN109799324A CN 109799324 A CN109799324 A CN 109799324A CN 201910025058 A CN201910025058 A CN 201910025058A CN 109799324 A CN109799324 A CN 109799324A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of lateral undercurrent exchange measuring device in river and measurement methods, measuring device includes simulation box and filming apparatus, layer of sand is equipped in the simulation box, take the river having for simulating riverway in the layer of sand upper surface, described river one end is connected with water inlet pipe, and the water inlet pipe is connected to water source, and the other end is connected with outlet pipe, the filming apparatus is used to shoot the tracer dropped on riverbank with the traveling locus of water flow, and the riverbank is the sandy soil of river two sides.It is long that the device can continuously measure high accuracy data, cheap, the easy to operate and lifetime of production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the lateral undercurrent exchange measuring device of a kind of experimental provision more particularly to a kind of river and its surveys
Amount method.
Background technique
Phreatic zone refers to the deposit layer of water saturation in river riverbed, be generally defined as riverbed middle-shallow layer underground water with
There are the interlaced areas of energy circulation and mass exchange for surface water, are simultaneously phreatic zone one important containing surface water and groundwater
Feature.Phreatic zone is a mixed zone, there is dissolved gas concentration gradient, organic life entity concentration gradient, pH value ladder herein
Degree and temperature gradient.These physics, biological and chemical gradient, important living environment is provided for many invertebrates, is
The hot spot region of biodiversity research, these gradients also result in biogeochemical reaction, these reactions finally affect
The water quality in river.
Undercurrent exchange is the exchange of water and solute between the sedimentary in movable river and riverbed and riverbank, can be divided into
The exchange of vertical undercurrent and Riparian Zone lateral undercurrent exchange of riverbed phreatic zone, to River Hydro-chemistry environment, streams organic matter
It plays an important role during decomposition and purification of water quality etc..
With the development of science and technology, people are also growing day by day for the care of environmental problem, undercurrent exchange has also obtained people
Attention.In early days to the research of undercurrent exchange primarily directed to riverbed phreatic zone, and the lateral undercurrent of Riparian Zone exchanges research and development
Relatively slow, the research of lateral undercurrent exchange is carried out on the basis of field monitor on the spot, this is because under natural conditions, reality
River riverbed in border is extremely complex with fluidised form, is difficult accurately to simulate in the lab, so the lateral undercurrent exchange of indoor Riparian Zone
It studies actually rare.
The research that China exchanges lateral undercurrent is started late, perfect for the definition of streams phreatic zone at present,
For river river bank circle under different terrain conditions and flow condition pressure distribution, undercurrent exchange with surface water hydrodynamic force and
The problems such as relationship between bed material Penetration Signature, there has been certain research achievement, but there is also obvious poor compared with international forward position
Away from the successful case of acquirement good result after foreign country has undercurrent exchange taking into account river regulation.And China is also the absence of
Enough mechanism Journal of Sex Research, the influence as river geometrical characteristic exchanges the lateral undercurrent of Riparian Zone be not still apparent.Therefore it needs out
Hair can be used for a kind of lateral undercurrent exchange measuring device in the indoor river used.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind can indoor use, and the river that can change stream shape as needed is lateral
Undercurrent exchanges measuring device, and it is long which can continuously measure high accuracy data, cheap, the easy to operate and lifetime of production.
The present invention to achieve the goals above, a kind of technical solution taken are as follows: the lateral undercurrent exchange measurement dress in river
It sets, including simulation box and filming apparatus, is equipped with layer of sand in the simulation box, taking in the layer of sand upper surface has for mould
Intend the river in true river, described river one end is connected with water inlet pipe, and the water inlet pipe is connected to water source, and the other end is connected with water outlet
Pipe, the filming apparatus are used to shoot the tracer dropped on riverbank with the traveling locus of water flow, and the riverbank is river two sides
Sandy soil.
Further, the valve for controlling water flow size is equipped on the water inlet pipe；The water inlet pipe joining water box,
It is equipped with water on the water inlet pipe by the water pump of water tank extracting to river.
Further, 1 ~ 2cm of sand layer thickness, depth 10cm, sand layer thickness, which only needs to meet, can carve out river i.e.
It can.
Further, one end height of the river connection water inlet pipe is higher than the height of connection outlet pipe one end.
Further, the flowmeter for monitoring water flow is provided in the river.
Further, it is equipped with one layer of clay in the layer of sand bottom, the clay is for preventing sand from being washed away by water flow.
Further, conductivity sensor, the conductivity sensor connection are equipped in river two sides riverbank bottom
There is data acquisition device.
Further, the water inlet pipe diameter is less than the diameter of outflow tube.
Further, the simulation box bottom is provided with the telescope support for adjusting stream gradient.
The present invention also provides a kind of application method based on the lateral undercurrent in above-mentioned river exchange measuring device, including it is following
Step
Step 1: the stream shape according to needed for requirement of experiment takes river and adjusts water flow:
Take the river for meeting requirement of experiment, and regulating water flow on layer of sand, flow value is read after stability of flow；
Step 2: choosing measurement position, the tracer injection on riverbank, and tracer transition process is recorded by filming apparatus；
Step 3: conductive salt is launched into river, records the conductivity data of each position in river:
Conductive salt is added into river to concentration is set, difference in the phreatic zone of river two sides is measured by conductivity sensor 10
Conductivity, record and acquire conductivity data, the conductivity sensor is equipped with several, is distributed in river two sides riverbank
Bottom；
Step 4: data processing:
The relationship of time and tracer position are obtained according to the image that the filming apparatus takes, according to the conductivity
Sensor obtains conductive salinity and changes with time rule.
Technical effect caused by the present invention are as follows: (1) can be used for laboratory test, it is convenient；(2) relative to traditional field measurement
Method, time of measuring is short, and overcomes and test high-cost disadvantage on the spot；(3) because layer of sand is very thin, water can only side in layer of sand
To movement, vertical movement is limited, and can exclude the interference of vertical undercurrent exchange；(4) height can be continuously measured indoors
Accuracy data；(5) river part is making material using organic glass, cheap, cracky, lifetime be not long and is easy to tie up
Repair maintenance；(6) stream shape, the relationship that research stream shape is exchanged with undercurrent can be converted according to actual needs；(7) can by
Tracer is added dropwise on riverbank and obtains undercurrent swap time；(8) salting liquid is obtained by the way that salt measurement conductivity is added in river
Diffusion rate, and then estimate the coverage that groundwater velocity is exchanged with lateral undercurrent at different sections, in conjunction with difference flow velocity
Undercurrent exchange capacity is calculated with the river depth of water.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is simulation box top view；
Fig. 3 is tracer traveling locus figure；
Wherein 1- water tank；2- water pump；3- flowmeter；4- water inlet pipe；5- valve；6- expansion bracket；7- simulation box；8- shoots bar；9-
Outlet pipe；10- conductivity sensor；11- argillic horizon；12- quartz sand layer；13- video camera；14- data collecting instrument；15- sensing
Device data line, 16, river, 17, tracer.
Specific embodiment
Further details of explanation is done to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, it should be appreciated that
The protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation manner.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, a kind of lateral undercurrent in river exchanges measuring device, including water tank 1, water pump 2, flowmeter 3, valve
5, expansion bracket 6, shooting bar 9, video camera 13, conductivity sensor 10, data collecting instrument 14 and simulation box 7.
7 material of simulation box is organic glass, and long 1.2m, wide 80cm, high 10cm, the interior a layer thickness that is laid with of simulation box 7 is 7cm
Quartz sand layer 12,12 lower part of quartz sand layer be one layer of 3mm thickness argillic horizon 11, argillic horizon 11 be used for keep the steady of quartz sand
It is fixed, prevent quartz sand from being washed away by water flow.Take river 16 in quartz sand surface, 16 shape of river can design as needed, river
16 one end be connected to water inlet pipe, the other end be connected to outlet pipe, on the side wall of water tank be equipped with water inlet, water inlet be connected to water inlet pipe into
And it is connected to river 16, water outlet is equally offered on the water tank side wall close to 16 exit of river, water outlet is connected by interface
The water of connected water outlet pipe, outlet pipe is back to water tank, and in order to guarantee that water flow flows in river, in simulation box bottom, setting is flexible
The height of expansion bracket can be arranged in frame according to actual needs, so that the height that river 16 connects water inlet pipe one end connects higher than river 16
The height of connected water outlet pipe one end.
In order to guarantee the unimpeded flowing of water, ponding is avoided, simulation box water inlet and 4 diameter of water inlet pipe are 15mm, water outlet
And 9 interior diameter of outlet pipe is 30mm.The water inlet center of circle is located at the upward 5cm in simulation box bottom, the bottom of water outlet and simulation box
Tangent, water outlet and 9 interior diameter of outlet pipe are greater than 4 interior diameter of water inlet and water inlet pipe.7 upstream head of simulation box has threaded
Slot, for connecting shooting bar 9, video camera, camera lens are arranged at the top of shooting bar in the setting of shooting bar vertical analog bottom portion
Face river 16.
The adjustable height of expansion bracket 6 is 0-10cm in the present invention, to control the gradient size in river 16.Specially may be used
Contraction type tripod, material are aluminium alloy, have the advantages that bearing capacity is good and resistance to pressure is strong.Expansion bracket 6 and 7 junction of simulation box
Non-slip mat is installed, to prevent simulation box 7 from sliding.
Shooting 8 height of bar is 1.5m, and lower part is installed by screw into 7 upstream head of simulation box.Video camera 13 is fixed on mould
The top of quasi- case 7, the motion profile of tracer 17 is vertically shot with video camera 13.
Water pump 2 is placed in water tank 1, and water pump 2 is DC minitype sinking pump, H-Max 5m, maximum stream flow 4L/
min.Water pump 2 is sequentially connected flowmeter 3, valve 5 and water inlet by water inlet pipe 4.Water inlet pipe 4 and water pump 2, flowmeter 3, valve
5 junctions and water output duct 9 and water outlet junction are mounted on antiseepage rubber mat, prevent the leakage of water, keep leakproofness good
It is good.
Conductivity sensor 10 is uniformly distributed in 16 two sides of river, is equipped with several, data collecting instrument 14 passes through sensor
Data line 15 is connect with conductivity sensor 10, acquires the conductivity data in river 16.
It is tested using a kind of lateral undercurrent exchange measuring device in river, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: river geometry and water flow are controlled according to experimental program:
Take the river of required shape in quartz sand surface, since quartz sand layer is relatively thin, can exist by hand or by other tools
The river of shape needed for quartz sand surface is drawn, i.e. river 16.Control valve 5 controls water flow, to 3 stable reading of flowmeter
After read flow.
Step 2: measurement section is chosen, tracer injection (coloring agent) on riverbank records tracer transition process:
Choose river in the middle part of be measuring section, choose fixed characteristic points after close to river riverbank on tracer injection, due to river
Water in road can have undercurrent exchange with the water in riverbank, thus when water flowing in river, it will drive the water flowing in riverbank,
Transition process by observing tracer 17 is that may know that water in river and the process that water undercurrent exchange in riverbank, undercurrent exchange
Process passes through the camera record being arranged on shooting bar 8, may know that 17 place of time and tracer in the image of shooting
Relationship between position.
By 17 trajectory diagram of tracer known to the image of shooting, the trajectory diagram that tracer 17 returns to river is shown in Fig. 3, if tracer
Agent does not return to river, illustrates the direct recharge of groundwater of urban river water, does not constitute undercurrent exchange, it may also be said to which undercurrent is exchanged for 0.
Step 3: sodium chloride is launched, conductivity data is recorded:
Sodium chloride is added into water tank 1 to a certain concentration, is surveyed by the conductivity sensor 10 that simulation box bottom array formula is distributed
The conductivity of difference in the phreatic zone of riverbank two sides is measured, conductivity data shown in data collecting instrument 14 is recorded.Conductivity sensor
It is embedded in two sides riverbank layer of sand bottom.
Conductivity data represents the salinity in water, can illustrate underground at measuring point by the conductivity data variation of measuring point
The mixability of water and river water
Step 4: data processing:
In conjunction with the interactive process in the conductivity variations of tracer track and riverbank phreatic zone analysis river and two sides riverbank underground water.
As shown in figure 3, the tracer injection 17 on the riverbank close to river, tracer can be in water by taking tortuous channel as an example
Under the action of stream, migration is generated, migration path is shown in Fig. 3, finally migrates again into river, by the riverbank close to river to again
To the final time for returning river for the undercurrent swap time in this section of river, the path passed through is undercurrent exchange in secondary close river
Migration path.
Since the conductivity variations that conductivity sensor detects reflect the solion concentration at this, and then detect
The range of scatter of water, the conductivity sensor by the way that river two sides are arranged in obtain river surface water in the influence model in riverbank region
It encloses, usually assumes that region of the river water concentration greater than 10% is that undercurrent exchanges coverage, urban river water can be asked by following formula
:
WhereinSFor river water concentration (urban river water proportion),CFor local solion concentration,C 0It is dense for initial ion solution
Degree,C rFor river solion concentration, ion concentration table can be corresponded to by conductivity data inquiry conductivity and acquired.
Determine the key parameters such as residence time, coverage and the migration path of the lateral undercurrent exchange process of Riparian Zone.
Undeclared part involved in the present invention is same as the prior art or is realized using the prior art.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited in the content of embodiment.For in this field
Technical staff for, can have various change and change within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, made any variation and
Change, within that scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lateral undercurrent in river exchanges measuring device, it is characterised in that: including simulation box and filming apparatus, in the simulation
Layer of sand is equipped in case, taking in the layer of sand upper surface has river, and described river one end is connected with water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe
It is connected to water source, the other end is connected with outlet pipe, and the filming apparatus is for shooting tracer the moving with water flow dropped on riverbank
Track is moved, the riverbank is the sandy soil of river two sides.
2. the lateral undercurrent in river according to claim 1 exchanges measuring device, it is characterised in that: set on the water inlet pipe
There is the valve for controlling water flow size；The water inlet pipe joining water box is connected with water in the water inlet pipe by water tank extracting
To the water pump in river.
3. the lateral undercurrent in river according to claim 1 exchanges measuring device, it is characterised in that: the layer of sand with a thickness of
1 ~ 2cm, the depth in the river are 10cm or so.
4. the lateral undercurrent in river according to claim 1 exchanges measuring device, it is characterised in that: the river connection water inlet
One end height of pipe is higher than the height of connection outlet pipe one end.
5. the lateral undercurrent in river according to claim 1 exchanges measuring device, it is characterised in that: set on the water inlet pipe
It is equipped with the flowmeter for monitoring water flow.
6. the lateral undercurrent in river according to claim 1 exchanges measuring device, it is characterised in that: spread in the layer of sand bottom
Equipped with one layer of clay, the clay is for preventing sand from being washed away by water flow.
7. the lateral undercurrent in river according to claim 1 exchanges measuring device, it is characterised in that: in the river two sides
Riverbank bottom is equipped with conductivity sensor, and the conductivity sensor is connected with data acquisition device.
8. the lateral undercurrent in river according to claim 1 exchanges measuring device, it is characterised in that: the water inlet pipe diameter is small
In the diameter of outflow tube.
9. the lateral undercurrent in river according to claim 1 exchanges measuring device, it is characterised in that: in the simulation box bottom
It is provided with the telescope support for adjusting stream gradient.
10. a kind of application method based on the lateral undercurrent exchange measuring device in river described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Include the following steps
Step 1: the stream shape according to needed for requirement of experiment takes river and adjusts water flow:
Take the river for meeting requirement of experiment, and regulating water flow on layer of sand, flow value is read after stability of flow；
Step 2: choosing measurement position, the tracer injection on riverbank, and tracer transition process is recorded by filming apparatus；
Step 3: conductive salt is launched into river, records the conductivity data of each position in river:
Conductive salt is added into river to concentration is set, difference in the phreatic zone of river two sides is measured by conductivity sensor
Conductivity, records and acquires conductivity data, and the conductivity sensor is equipped with several, is distributed in the bottom on river two sides riverbank
Portion；
Step 4: data processing:
The relationship of time and tracer position are obtained according to the image that the filming apparatus takes, according to the conductivity
Sensor obtains conductive salinity and changes with time rule.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN110455686A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-11-15 | 河海大学 | A kind of difference underground water nourishment condition subsurface flow exchange analog measurement method |
| CN110608977A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-12-24 | 河海大学 | Measuring method for lateral undercurrent exchange in indoor simulation natural river course evolution process |
| CN110749415A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-02-04 | 河海大学 | Lateral undercurrent exchange experimental device for simulating bank fluctuation condition and use method |
| CN112556985A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-03-26 | 同济大学 | Riparian zone lateral undercurrent exchange simulation device with adjustable length and test method |
| CN112816177A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-18 | 同济大学 | Riparian zone lateral undercurrent exchange process simulation device based on dye tracing |
| CN112834392A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-25 | 河海大学 | Flux measuring device and method in undercurrent exchange process |
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| CN112556985A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-03-26 | 同济大学 | Riparian zone lateral undercurrent exchange simulation device with adjustable length and test method |
| CN112556985B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-10-08 | 同济大学 | Riparian zone lateral undercurrent exchange simulation device with adjustable length and test method |
| CN112816177A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-18 | 同济大学 | Riparian zone lateral undercurrent exchange process simulation device based on dye tracing |
| CN112834392A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-25 | 河海大学 | Flux measuring device and method in undercurrent exchange process |
| CN112834392B (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-08-24 | 河海大学 | Flux measuring device and method in undercurrent exchange process |
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