CN110455686B - Undercurrent exchange simulation measurement method under different groundwater supply conditions - Google Patents
Undercurrent exchange simulation measurement method under different groundwater supply conditions Download PDFInfo
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- CN110455686B CN110455686B CN201910729434.8A CN201910729434A CN110455686B CN 110455686 B CN110455686 B CN 110455686B CN 201910729434 A CN201910729434 A CN 201910729434A CN 110455686 B CN110455686 B CN 110455686B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
Abstract
The invention discloses a subsurface flow exchange simulation measurement method under different groundwater supply conditions, which comprises the following steps: a clay layer and a quartz sand layer are sequentially paved at the bottom of the water tank, and water pipes with holes are paved on two sides of the inner wall of the water tank; placing the river channel shape control plate in the center of the water tank and inserting the river channel shape control plate into the quartz sand layer, and taking out the quartz sand inside the control plate to form a manually simulated river channel; taking out the control plate, injecting water with colors into the water tank, injecting clear water into the water pipe with the hole, and displaying colors with different depths of the quartz sand along with lateral subsurface flow exchange in the subsurface flow exchange area; recording the migration track of the color through a camera and a display instrument; and when the color data of the undercurrent exchange area is not changed, discharging the water in the water tank. The invention avoids the manual injection of the tracer, and has high efficiency and high speed; the lateral supply of the ground water to the surface water can be simulated; high-precision data can be continuously measured, and the test material can be repeatedly used; the measurement is sensitive and visual, and the transient process of lateral undercurrent exchange is accurately simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for simulating and measuring water exchange of a riparian zone underflow layer, in particular to a method for simulating and measuring underflow exchange under different groundwater supply conditions.
Background
The undercurrent zone is an intersection area of energy circulation and material exchange between shallow groundwater and surface water in a river bed, and a dissolved gas concentration gradient, an organic organism concentration gradient, a pH value gradient and a temperature gradient exist in the mixed area. These physical, biological and chemical gradients provide important living environments for many invertebrates and are hot areas for biodiversity studies; these gradients also lead to biogeochemical reactions that ultimately affect the water quality of the river.
The undercurrent exchange can be divided into vertical undercurrent exchange of a riverbed undercurrent zone and lateral undercurrent exchange of a riverbank zone, the indoor water tank device for researching the mode of the riverbank zone lateral undercurrent exchange process does not consider underground water supply conditions at present, a solute tracing method is mostly adopted, however, the indoor water tank device is used for carrying out semi-quantitative analysis on the mode of the river undercurrent exchange, the solute concentration is difficult to measure accurately in the test process, the measurement error is large, the space-time distribution characteristics of the dynamic exchange process of the river undercurrent zone cannot be accurately drawn, the transient process of the lateral undercurrent exchange cannot be accurately simulated, meanwhile, the cost of observation and collection equipment is generally high, the operation is complex, and the long-time continuous observation is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a subsurface flow exchange simulation measurement method under different groundwater recharge conditions, and solves the problems that groundwater recharge conditions are not considered and a lateral subsurface flow exchange transient process cannot be accurately simulated in the prior art.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) a clay layer is laid at the bottom of the water tank, a quartz sand layer is laid above the clay layer, and water pipes with holes are laid on two sides of the inner wall of the water tank;
(2) placing the river channel shape control plate in the center of the water tank and inserting the river channel shape control plate into the quartz sand layer, and taking out the quartz sand in the river channel shape control plate to form a manually simulated river channel;
(3) taking out the river channel shape control plate, injecting water with colors into the water tank, and injecting clear water into the water pipe with holes, so as to form lateral undercurrent exchange under the condition of groundwater replenishment, wherein in an undercurrent exchange area, quartz sand shows colors with different depths along with the lateral undercurrent exchange;
(4) recording the migration track of the color through a camera and a display instrument;
(5) when the color data of the undercurrent exchange area is not changed, discharging the water in the water tank;
(6) injecting clear water into the water tank, gradually removing the color in the quartz sand along with the lateral underflow exchange in the underflow exchange area, and repeating the step (4);
(7) and (6) data processing.
The water tank is characterized in that the two sides of the inner wall of the water tank are provided with water pipes with holes, a water inlet pipe of each water pipe with holes is connected with a second water pump, and a second valve and a second flowmeter are arranged on the water inlet pipe of each water pipe with holes and used for controlling the flow rate of water entering the water pipes with holes.
One side of the water tank is provided with a water inlet, the other side of the water tank is provided with a water outlet, the water inlet is connected with the first water pump through a water inlet guide pipe, the water outlet is connected with a water outlet guide pipe, wherein the height of the water inlet is larger than that of the water outlet, so that smooth flowing of water is guaranteed, and water accumulation is avoided.
The first water pump and the water outlet conduit are positioned in the same water tank.
The water inlet conduit is provided with a first flowmeter and a first valve and is used for controlling the flow rate of water entering the water tank.
The bottom of basin one side is connected with the elevating platform, the elevating platform lie in basin with one side with the pipe of intaking, through elevating platform control slope size.
A bracket is clamped at one side of the water tank, a camera is arranged at the top of the bracket and connected with a display instrument, and the camera is used for vertically shooting the undercurrent exchange process of water.
Has the advantages that: the invention avoids the manual injection of the tracer, and has high efficiency and high speed; the lateral supply of the ground water to the surface water can be simulated; high-precision data can be continuously measured, and the test material can be repeatedly used; the measurement is sensitive and visual, and the transient process of lateral undercurrent exchange is accurately simulated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the river channel shape control plate of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the measuring device adopted by the present invention comprises a first water tank 1 and a second water tank 2, a water tank 8 is arranged above the water tanks, the water tank 8 has a length of 1.8m, a width of 100cm and a height of 10cm, the manufacturing material is organic glass, a smooth clay layer 11 with a thickness of 5mm is laid at the bottom of the water tank 8, a smooth quartz sand layer 12 with a thickness of 7cm is laid on the clay layer 11, and the clay layer 11 is used for preventing the quartz sand from being washed away by water and keeping the stability of the quartz sand. Basin 8 is the slope and places, and its left side bottom is fixed with elevating platform 6, and the accessible is adjusted elevating platform 6's altitude variation slope to the height of adjustment basin 8 prevents the inside ponding of basin 8. The water inlet is arranged on the left side of the water tank 8, the water outlet is arranged on the right side of the water tank 8, the diameter of the water inlet and the diameter of the water outlet of the water tank 8 are both 25mm, the circle center of the water inlet is located at the position 5cm above the bottom of the water tank, the water outlet is tangent to the bottom of the water tank 8, the height of the water outlet is lower than that of the water inlet, and therefore it is guaranteed that water cannot be accumulated at the. The water inlet is connected with a first water pump 3 through a water inlet conduit 7, the first water pump 3 is placed in the first water tank 1 or the second water tank 2, a first flowmeter 4 and a first valve 5 are arranged on the water inlet conduit 7, the flow rate of water entering a water tank 8 is controlled through the first valve 5, and the measurement is carried out through the first flowmeter 4; the water outlet of the water tank is connected with a water outlet conduit 9, the water outlet conduit 9 directly extends into the first water tank 1 or the second water tank 2, and the first water pump 3 and the water outlet conduit 9 are positioned in the same water tank. The left side wall of the water tank 8 is provided with a support 10, the top of the support 10 is connected with a camera 13, the camera 13 is connected with a display instrument 14 through a data line 15, and the technology for identifying images shot by the camera 13 in real time can be realized to display the color of each position at a certain moment.
As shown in figure 2, two side edges of the inner wall of the water tank 8 are respectively provided with a perforated water pipe 17 and are tightly attached to the wall of the water tank, so that water can only flow into the water tank 8 after overflowing from the perforated water pipe 17 and is used for simulating lateral groundwater replenishment, and the flow direction of water in the perforated water pipe 17 is the same as that of water in a riverway. The inlet pipe of the perforated water pipe 17 is connected with a second water pump 20, a second flow meter 19 and a second valve 18 are further arranged on the inlet pipe, and the flow rate of water in the perforated water pipe 17 can be controlled through the second valve 18 and measured through the second flow meter 19. The water inlet pipe of the water pipe 17 with the hole is connected with the second water pump 20 and is put into the water tank with clear water, and the water outlet pipe is directly put into the water tank with clear water.
The first water pump 3 and the second water pump 20 are both direct-current micro submersible pumps, the maximum lift is 5m, and the maximum flow is 4L/min. The first water pump 3 is connected with the water inlet through a water inlet conduit 7, and a first valve 5 and a first flowmeter 4 are sequentially connected in the water inlet conduit 7. In order to prevent water leakage and maintain good sealing performance, impermeable rubber pads are arranged at the joints of the water inlet conduit 7, the first water pump 3, the first flow meter 4 and the first valve 5, the joints of the water outlet conduit 9 and the water outlet, and the joints of the perforated water pipe 17, the second water pump 20, the second flow meter 19 and the second valve 18.
As shown in figure 1, the lifting platform 6 at the bottom of one side of the water tank 8 can control the slope of the water tank 8, the rated bearing weight of the lifting platform is 100kg, the lowest height is 2cm, the highest height is 10cm, the size of the workbench is 2cm wide and 10cm long, and the lifting platform has good bearing capacity and pressure resistance. The connecting part of the top end of the lifting platform 6 and the water tank 8 is provided with an anti-slip mat to prevent the water tank 8 from slipping off. The lower part of the bracket 10 can be clamped at the side of the water tank 8, the camera 13 is vertically arranged at the upper part of the bracket 10 and is right opposite to the center of the water tank 8, and the camera 13 is used for vertically shooting the undercurrent exchange process of water.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging clay, quartz sand and a water tank:
clay is paved at the bottom of the water tank 8, a quartz sand layer 12 is paved on the clay layer 11, the quartz sand layer 12 is kept as flat as possible, pigment is added into the water in one water tank, and the water in the other water tank is clean water.
(2) Determining the geometry and flow of the river channel:
the river channel shape control plate 16 is placed in the center of the water tank and inserted into the quartz sand layer 12, the quartz sand in the middle of the river channel shape control plate 16 is taken out, and an artificially simulated river channel is formed, wherein the river channel shape control plate 16 is sealed at the periphery and is provided with hollow plates with upper and lower openings for drawing the river channel in the quartz sand layer 12 as shown in fig. 3, the first water pump 3 and the water outlet pipe 9 are placed in the water tank filled with pigment, the first valve 5 is adjusted to control the water flow, and the flow is read after the reading of the first flowmeter 4 is stable.
(3) Taking out the river channel shape control plate, simulating groundwater replenishment:
and (3) taking out the river channel shape control plate 16, starting the second water pump 20 and the second valve 18, putting the second water pump 20 and the water outlet pipe into the water tank filled with clear water, and displaying pigment colors with different depths along with the lateral undercurrent exchange in the undercurrent exchange area.
(4) Recording of migration path and color:
the camera 13 is vertically arranged on the top of the support 10, the color migration track is recorded, and the display instrument 14 can perform a technology for identifying images shot by the camera 13 in real time and record the color at a certain moment.
(5) Closing a valve, draining:
when the color data in the undercurrent exchange area is not changed any more, the undercurrent exchange is considered to reach a stable state, at the moment, the first valve 5 is closed, the lifting platform 6 is lifted, and the water in the water tank 8 is discharged into the water tank which is currently used at an accelerated speed.
(6) Using a tank filled with clear water:
and (4) placing the first water pump 3 and the water outlet conduit 9 into a water tank filled with clear water, gradually retreating the color in the quartz sand along with the proceeding of lateral underflow exchange in the underflow exchange area, and repeating the step (4).
(7) Data processing:
and analyzing the interaction process of the river and the groundwater of the river banks on two sides through the color change of the river bank underflow area, and determining key parameters such as the maximum depth, the maximum residence time, the influence range and the like of the lateral underflow exchange process of the river bank area.
And (3) carrying out coordinate processing on the river bank underflow zone, calculating the area of a colored area, namely the influence range, according to the color of each point, measuring the maximum depth, and setting the maximum retention time from the beginning of using a water tank for dropwise adding the pigment to the time when the color is stable.
Claims (7)
1. A subsurface flow exchange simulation measurement method under different groundwater supply conditions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) a clay layer is laid at the bottom of the water tank, a quartz sand layer is laid above the clay layer, and water pipes with holes are laid on two sides of the inner wall of the water tank;
(2) placing the river channel shape control plate in the center of the water tank and inserting the river channel shape control plate into the quartz sand layer, and taking out the quartz sand in the river channel shape control plate to form a manually simulated river channel;
(3) taking out the river channel shape control plate, injecting water with colors into the water tank, and injecting clear water into the water pipe with holes, so as to form lateral undercurrent exchange under the condition of groundwater replenishment, wherein in an undercurrent exchange area, quartz sand shows colors with different depths along with the lateral undercurrent exchange;
(4) recording the migration track of the color through a camera and a display instrument;
(5) when the color data of the undercurrent exchange area is not changed, discharging the water in the water tank;
(6) injecting clear water into the water tank, gradually removing the color in the quartz sand along with the lateral underflow exchange in the underflow exchange area, and repeating the step (4);
(7) data processing: and analyzing the interaction process of the river and the groundwater of the river banks on two sides through the color change of the river bank underflow area, and determining the maximum depth, the maximum residence time and the influence range of the lateral underflow exchange process of the river bank area.
2. The method for simulating undercurrent exchange measurement under different groundwater replenishment conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein perforated water pipes are arranged on two sides of the inner wall of the water tank, a water inlet pipe of each perforated water pipe is connected with a second water pump, and a second valve and a second flowmeter are arranged on the water inlet pipe.
3. The method for simulating undercurrent exchange measurement under different groundwater supply conditions as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the water tank is provided with a water inlet on one side and a water outlet on the other side, the water inlet is connected with the first water pump through a water inlet pipe, the water outlet is connected with a water outlet pipe, and the height of the water inlet is greater than that of the water outlet.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first pump and the outlet conduit are located in the same tank.
5. The method for simulating measurement of undercurrent exchange under different groundwater recharge conditions as claimed in claim 3, wherein the water intake conduit is provided with a first flowmeter and a first valve.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the water tank is connected with a lifting platform, and the lifting platform and the water inlet conduit are positioned on the same side of the water tank.
7. The method for simulating the measurement of the undercurrent exchange under different groundwater replenishment conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein a bracket is clamped at one side of the water tank, and a camera is arranged at the top of the bracket and is connected with a display instrument.
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| CN111999032B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-07-05 | 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 | Dynamic simulation method for groundwater recharge by surface water |
| CN112484958A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-03-12 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Subsurface flow zone solute transport research sand tank model capable of changing underground water underflow |
| CN112556985B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-10-08 | 同济大学 | Riparian zone lateral undercurrent exchange simulation device with adjustable length and test method |
| CN112816177B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-12-07 | 同济大学 | Riparian zone lateral undercurrent exchange process simulation method based on dye tracing |
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| CN104697742A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-06-10 | 河海大学 | Simulation test model device for studying hyporheic exchange under drive of flood pulse and using method thereof |
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| CN206515039U (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-09-22 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of undercurrent of coupling about surface water and ground water exchanges self-loopa experimental rig |
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