CN113029894A - Test bed for simulating three-dimensional heat seepage coupling transfer of soil body in karst area - Google Patents
Test bed for simulating three-dimensional heat seepage coupling transfer of soil body in karst area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test bed for simulating three-dimensional heat seepage coupling transfer of a soil body in a karst region, wherein a water pump is arranged in a constant temperature water bath box to enable hot water in the constant temperature water bath box to carry out external circulation through a pvc pipe, the soil body test box is processed by a subgrid force plate (with the thickness of 3cm) with good acid and alkali resistance and strong impact resistance, and in order to ensure the uniformity and stability of a seepage field, detachable porous subgrid force plates (spliced with a clamping groove of a box body) with the thickness of 20mm are arranged at positions 200mm away from the left side wall and the right side wall of the box body in the inner part, so that a water tank is formed between the box. The box body soil filling part is also provided with a plurality of temperature sensors and humidity sensors, the sensors are embedded in 7 layers of the whole box body, and the seepage layer surface is arranged in an up-and-down encrypted manner. The invention has the advantages of no disturbance during soil body measurement, good integrity and high measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental rock-soil testing, and relates to a test bed capable of simulating three-dimensional heat-seepage coupling transfer of a soil body in a karst area.
Background
The red clay is a special soil mass widely distributed in the cloud plateau, the two lakes and the like in China, and is concerned by the academic community because the red clay has special engineering properties and has great influence on engineering construction, ecological protection and the like. Compared with general clay, red clay has special thermophysical properties, and therefore, the heat and moisture transfer process of red clay is more complicated. Because of the abundance of groundwater in karst areas, there is often saturation-desaturation seepage in the soil. The ground source heat pump is used as clean energy, is widely applied today with the environmental protection, green and energy saving concept being increasingly emphasized, and has wide market prospect. In the saturation zone (zone) of the solid and liquid phases, the movement of water is in the form of seepage. Research has shown that groundwater seepage (hereinafter referred to as seepage) can take away heat accumulated in soil and has obvious effect, that is, the existence of seepage accelerates heat exchange in soil. The seepage is a dynamic factor of the operating characteristics of the ground source heat pump, and can have great influence on the operating characteristics of the ground source heat pump. Under actual conditions, the seepage effect of underground water is reasonably considered, and the heat accumulation phenomenon generated by long-term operation of the buried pipe can be effectively improved, so that the long-term high-efficiency operation of the ground source heat pump system can be ensured. The heat transfer efficiency of the buried pipe under the seepage condition is researched by domestic and foreign scholars from different angles such as tests, simulations and the like. However, there are still some disadvantages. On one hand, three-dimensional numerical simulation under seepage has many researches, but three-dimensional physical models are rarely established, and seepage is a three-dimensional condition in actual engineering, so that three-dimensional physical model control influence factors need to be established for verification when three-dimensional soil body seepage is simulated; on the other hand, the physical model experiment basically takes sandy soil as an experimental object, the heat transfer performance of red clay in a saturated-unsaturated zone under seepage is rarely considered, if a ground source heat pump is used as a clean energy source in red clay-based areas such as a cloud plateau, a two-lake broad and the like in China, the red clay is inevitably used as a heat transfer medium, so that a three-dimensional physical model is established to simulate and research the red clay as the heat transfer medium of the ground source heat pump, and experimental data and a method not only can provide parameters for the optimization design of buried pipes in the construction of a heat pump system in actual engineering, but also can provide references for solving the heat transfer of other special soils.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device capable of simulating three-dimensional heat seepage coupling transfer of a soil body in a karst area, and solves the problems that the existing measuring equipment has certain disturbance on the soil body and influences the heat conduction in the soil body.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises a soil body experimental box and three systems (a constant temperature heat circulation system, a water injection and drainage seepage system and a comprehensive measurement system). The soil body test box is used for completing bearing of an experimental soil body, the constant-temperature heat circulation system provides a constant-temperature heat source, the water injection and drainage seepage system provides a certain seepage speed and seepage water temperature, and the comprehensive measurement system provides automatic acquisition and storage of data. The soil body test box is formed by processing a sub-grid force plate (3 cm thick) with good acid and alkali resistance and strong impact resistance, the height of the test box is 1600mm, and the length multiplied by the width of an inner section is 1200mm multiplied by 1200 mm. Three water outlets with the diameter of 60mm are arranged on the position, 80cm away from the bottom surface, of the right side wall of the box body at equal intervals, three water outlets are arranged on the position, 65cm away from the bottom surface, 70cm away from the bottom surface, 75cm away from the bottom surface, of each layer, the water outlets on all the box walls are provided with water discharging devices, and the water discharging devices are externally connected with water taps. In order to ensure the uniformity and stability of a seepage field, a detachable porous subgrid force plate (which is spliced with the box body through a clamping groove) with the thickness of 20mm is arranged at a position 200mm away from the left side wall and the right side wall of the box body in the inner part, so that a water tank is formed between the box wall and the middle position of the porous subgrid force plate. Three circular holes with the diameter of 60mm are respectively punched at the bottoms of the left water tank and the right water tank at equal intervals, so that seepage water can conveniently enter. Geotextile is laid on the inner side of the porous subgrid to prevent fine soil particles from blocking the porous plate and further ensure uniform seepage, and a detachable box cover plate is adopted on the upper part of the porous subgrid to facilitate the manufacture of soil mass, the installation of a sensor and the disassembly and washing; the constant-temperature heat circulation system comprises a constant-temperature water bath tank, a U-shaped copper pipe, a 60W variable-frequency water pump and a PVC connecting pipe. Wherein the constant temperature water tank is HX-80 and is provided with a stable internal and external circulating pump system and a temperature adjusting button. The U-shaped copper pipe is made of red copper with good heat conductivity, and is 1m long, 12mm in inner diameter and 16mm in outer diameter. The heat exchange quantity is adjusted through the water temperature and the flow of the inlet water in the copper pipe; the water injection and drainage seepage system comprises a subgrid small water tank (length multiplied by width multiplied by height: 400mm multiplied by 600mm), water tanks (2), a variable frequency heater, water basins (inner diameter 1m, height 35cm), water tank supports (2) and 2 15W variable frequency water pumps, wherein the length of the water tank is 1m, the depth of the water tank is 35cm, the width of the water tank is 30cm, the water tank is U-shaped when viewed from the wide position, a hole is formed in the wide multiplied by deep cross section close to the bottom, a water drainer external hose is installed, a water drainer support with the length of 1m and the height of 55cm is arranged below the water tank, and the. The comprehensive measurement system comprises a PT100 platinum resistance thermometer (JMT-36C), a 5TM soil temperature sensor, a JMZR-2000T multipoint temperature automatic test system, a MiniTrace moisture measurement system and one desktop computer.
The filling part of the soil body box body is embedded with sensors in layers when being filled, and the sensors are respectively 10cm, 30cm, 50cm, 60cm, 90cm, 120cm and 150m away from the bottom of the box. Wherein, sensors are laid according to a shape of Chinese character 'mi' at a position 60cm away from the bottom of the case, and temperature sensors and moisture sensors are laid at positions 60cm and 90cm away from the bottom of the case. The sensors are fixed according to a set distance and then embedded before being embedded.
Further, the heat source is a U-shaped copper pipe, water is circulated in the constant-temperature water bath tank and the U-shaped copper pipe through a water pump, and the constant-temperature water bath tank is connected with the U-shaped copper pipe through a PVC pipe; the PVC switching department is sealed with special glue, and the outside parcel insulation material can provide invariable heat source.
Furthermore, a preformed hole is reserved in the middle of the cover plate of the soil body experiment box, the size and the diameter of the preformed hole are 60mm, and a sealing ring is arranged on the periphery of the preformed hole to enable the preformed hole to be fixed with a copper pipe penetrating through the preformed hole, so that a sealing effect is achieved.
Further, the right side of the soil body test box is designed to be an upstream water tank, the left side of the soil body test box is designed to be a downstream water tank, the water level of the upstream water tank is constant, different water level water outlets are respectively formed in the side face of the downstream water tank, and a fixed water level difference is formed between the water level of the upstream water tank and the water level of the downstream water tank by opening/closing water outlet valves with different water levels, so that the seepage speed.
Further, seepage water overflows the inlet channel from low reaches water tank apopore, because high low water level, water can flow into the basin by the basin apopore, and the water pump through putting in the basin extracts and gets into the small-size water tank of inferior lattice force, has frequency conversion heating rod and water pump in the small-size water tank of inferior lattice force, reaches the settlement temperature when the temperature with water by the water pump pour into soil body proof box right side water tank promptly upper reaches the water tank. The tap of the upstream water tank is opened, so that the excess water overflows into the water inlet tank and flows into the water inlet basin through the water outlet hole of the water tank, and a water injection and drainage seepage system is formed.
Further, the soil body test box is wrapped by heat preservation cotton, and the environment temperature is controlled by an air conditioner.
The method for measuring the soil three-dimensional seepage flow transfer according to the simulation device for the soil three-dimensional heat seepage coupling transfer comprises the following steps:
the karst landform is summarized that the upper soil layer is red clay, the lower part is karst, namely, rocks with cracks, and the middle part is provided with underground water seepage; so as long as the groundwater seepage velocity is controlled to be similar to that of karst groundwater, the water seepage in the sand can be used to simulate karst water.
Carrying out an experimental process;
1) preparing soil materials: respectively measuring the initial water content of the sandy soil and the red clay, and calculating to obtain the mass of the sandy soil and the red clay required by the box body; for red clay, soil is firstly prepared to enable the water content of the red clay to reach a target value, and then the red clay is placed for more than 24 hours to enable the water content of the red clay to be uniformly distributed.
2) Filling a soil box: filling sandy soil and red clay layer by layer, burying sensors at specified positions in sequence, marking and calibrating the box wall at intervals of 10cm before filling, sticking waterproof adhesive tapes with the width of 1.5cm along a calibration line, and burying a U-shaped copper pipe when filling soil after each layer is buried into a corresponding sensor and compacting a soil sample.
3) Connecting a sensor: and connecting the sensor to the collection box, connecting the collection box to a computer, and installing corresponding sensor test software on the computer. The water content sensor collects the water content once in 3h, and the temperature sensor collects the water content once in 30 min.
4) And (3) heat source installation: connecting the U-shaped copper pipe with a water pump in a constant-temperature water bath box by using a PVC pipe, and setting the temperature of the constant-temperature water bath box at a specified temperature;
5) wrapping a heat-insulating material: the box body is sealed by adopting special glue, so that an experimental soil body is isolated from the outside air, and the temperature of the soil body in the box body is not influenced by the environment for ensuring the heat insulation effect. Wrapping a PVC rubber plastic heat-insulating material with the thickness of 30mm on the outer side of the box body; in order to prevent the heat source temperature from losing, a PVC rubber plastic heat-insulating material with the thickness of 30mm is wrapped outside a PVC connecting pipe between the U-shaped copper pipe and the constant-temperature water bath tank; standing for more than 24h to ensure that the temperature and the humidity of the soil are uniformly distributed.
6) Water injection and seepage: heating water to a specified temperature by using a variable frequency heater in a small subgrid water tank of a water injection and drainage system, and injecting water into an upstream water tank from a bottom overflow hole until water overflows from an upstream water tank and a downstream water tank and the water temperature of a water outlet hole of the upstream water tank reaches the specified temperature;
7) starting the test: starting a water pump in a constant-temperature water bath box as the starting time of the test;
8) and (4) finishing the test: after the operation is carried out for 3d, the data of the sensor is analyzed, the experiment can be finished when the heat source is transmitted to the boundary and the data analysis is abnormal, the circulating water pump is closed to serve as the finishing time of the experiment, and the experiment is finished;
the invention has the advantages of no disturbance during soil body measurement, good integrity and high measurement precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulated operation device for one-dimensional heat-transfer.
FIG. 2 is a vertical sensor layout, and FIG. 3 is a horizontal sensor layout
In fig. 1, a is a soil mass test box, B is a basin, C is a subgrid small water tank, and D is a constant temperature water bath box.
Detailed Description
Example (b):
the test device is shown in figure 1, and the established three-dimensional heat-seepage coupling transfer test bed for the karst area comprises a soil body test box and three systems (a constant-temperature heat circulation system, a water injection and drainage seepage system and a comprehensive measurement system). During the experiment, sandy soil and red clay which are taken from Guangxi Guilin local are filled in the experiment box in a layered mode, after stable seepage velocity and initial temperature are obtained through a water injection and drainage system, circulating water in a constant-temperature water bath box is sent into a U-shaped copper pipe through a water pump, and finally temperature changes of all measuring points in the box body in different time periods are measured through a buried sensor.
Constant temperature heat cycle system:
the system firstly adopts the constant temperature water bath tank D to provide a stable heat source for the experiment table, and then water in the water bath tank flows to the U-shaped copper pipe in the soil body experiment tank through the PVC pipe in a water pump pumping mode in the constant temperature water bath tank and then flows back to the constant temperature water bath tank. After the circulation is quickly stabilized, the heat can be conducted to the soil body in the soil body box through the U-shaped copper pipe. The specific accessory information is as follows:
constant temperature water bath: the constant temperature water bath box D has the water temperature fluctuation less than or equal to 0.5 ℃. The inside dimension of the incubator was 300X 500X 200 (unit: mm).
A water pump: because the system resistance is less, adopt 1 sqg60W variable frequency water pump of adjustable flow, the maximum lift is 5m, and maximum flow is 6000L/h.
U type copper pipe: red copper with good heat conductivity is used as a material, and the red copper has the length of 1m, the inner diameter of 12mm and the outer diameter of 16 mm.
Water injection and drainage seepage system:
the model design considers the influence factor of the initial temperature of the water flow, so a basin (B in figure 1) and a small water tank (C in figure 1) are needed, and a water valve is arranged in the middle of a pvc hose connecting the small water tank and the test bed in figure 1 to control the water flow to enter and exit. When water flowing through the experiment table flows out of the experiment table, the water firstly enters the water basin (water storage) and then flows into the small water tank, and the initial temperature of the water is controlled by the variable frequency heater (the temperature is set to be 20 ℃) in the small water tank.
When no seepage is needed, the water valve in the middle of the pvc hose connected with the test bed through the small water tank can be unscrewed and closed. In addition, the seepage speed in the test bed can be controlled by adjusting the height difference of the left and right water outlet holes in the test bed A. The seepage velocity can be converted by measuring the flow rate for a certain time by using a measuring cup at the water outlet. The specific accessory information is as follows:
ya Geli small water tank (length X width X height: 400mm X600 mm), frequency conversion heater (model Y505116, power 1200W, error + -5 deg.C), basin (inner diameter 1m, height 35cm)
A comprehensive measurement system:
the system firstly needs to ensure that the temperature of the test bed is not influenced by the external temperature, so that the test bed is wrapped with a PVC heat-insulating material with the thickness of 30 mm. Temperature and moisture sensors are embedded in the test bed, and then automatic acquisition is carried out through a JMZR-2000T multipoint temperature automatic test system and a MiniTrace moisture determination system. The specific accessory information is as follows:
the sensors comprise a JMT-36C (3K) type temperature sensor and a 5TM soil temperature sensor, the sensors are calibrated before the experiment, and then are buried in soil to carry out the experiment after the numerical values of all measuring points are stable.
A soil column test box:
the test box is formed by processing an acid-base-resistant and impact-resistant subgrid plate (3 cm in thickness), and the water flow entering and overflowing are controlled through overflow holes in the two sides and the bottom of the test box, so that the water flow speed is controlled. And water outlets on all the box walls are provided with water drainers which are externally connected with water taps. In order to ensure the uniformity and stability of a seepage field, the geotextiles are laid on the outer sides of the inner walls of the upstream and downstream water tanks to prevent fine soil particles from blocking the upper part of the porous plate, and a detachable box cover plate is adopted, so that the soil body can be conveniently manufactured, and the sensor can be conveniently installed and disassembled. The specific buried position of the sensor is shown in fig. 2 and 3.
The simulation device for the three-dimensional heat seepage coupling transfer of the soil body in the karst area can measure the temperature of the soil body under the real-time condition, obtain the change rule of the temperature at different positions of the soil body, simulate the three-dimensional heat seepage transfer effect of the soil body under the combined influence of the temperature gradient and the seepage gradient, verify the interaction of water transfer and heat transfer in the soil and perfect the theoretical model of the heat seepage transfer of the soil. The device simple structure, the design is light and handy, convenient operation, and the wholeness is good, and the measuring accuracy is high.
Claims (6)
1. Test bench of simulation karst district soil body three-dimensional heat infiltration coupling transmission, its characterized in that: the soil body experiment box comprises an upstream water tank (right side), a downstream water tank (left side) and a box body filled with soil body in the middle; the soil mass experiment box is processed by a sub-grid force plate (3 cm thick) with good acid and alkali resistance and strong impact resistance, the height of the soil mass experiment box is 1600mm, and the length and width of the cross section in the box body filled with the soil mass are 1200mm and 1200 mm; the filling part of the soil body box body is embedded with sensors in a layered mode when being filled, and the sensors are respectively 10cm, 30cm, 50cm, 60cm, 90cm, 120cm and 150m away from the box bottom; wherein, sensors are laid according to a shape of Chinese character 'mi' at a position 60cm away from the bottom of the case, and temperature sensors and moisture sensors are laid at positions 60cm and 90cm away from the bottom of the case; the overflow ports of the upstream water tank and the downstream water tank are round holes with the diameter of 60mm, the inner wall of the water tank is a porous subgrid plate, and the diameter of each hole is 3 mm; the constant-temperature water bath tank D provides a stable heat source for the experiment table, and then water in the water bath tank flows to a U-shaped copper pipe in the soil body experiment tank through a PVC pipe in a pumping mode through a water pump in the constant-temperature water bath tank and then flows back to the constant-temperature water bath tank; after the circulation is quickly stabilized, the heat can be conducted to the soil body in the soil body box through the U-shaped copper pipe; the water injection and drainage seepage system comprises a sub-grid force small water tank (length, width, height, 400mm, 600mm), water tanks (2), a variable frequency heater, water basins (inner diameter, 1m, height, 35cm), water tank supports (2) and 2 15W variable frequency water pumps, wherein the length, 1m, the depth and the width of each water tank are 35cm and 30cm, each water tank is in a U shape when viewed from the wide position, a water drainer external hose is arranged on the wide, the deep cross section, which is close to the bottom, of each water tank in a punched mode, the water tanks are supported by the water tank supports with the length, 1m, the height and the height of each water tank, and the error of the variable frequency heater is.
2. The test bed for simulating three-dimensional heat seepage coupling transfer of soil bodies in a karst area according to claim 1, wherein the overflow ports of the upstream water tank are respectively arranged at the bottom plate of the water tank and at a position 80cm higher than the bottom of the side wall version.
3. A downstream tank overflow according to claim 1 at a height of 65cm, 70cm, 75cm from the bottom of the tank floor and the side wall deck respectively.
4. The test bed for simulating three-dimensional heat and seepage coupling transfer of soil bodies in a karst region according to claim 1, wherein the variable frequency heater in the water injection and drainage seepage system is used for heating water in the subgrid small-sized water tank, and after the temperature reaches 20 ℃, water is injected into the upstream water tank from an overflow port at the bottom plate of the upstream water tank through a water pump in the subgrid small-sized water tank, so that the temperature of the water in the soil body of the tank body is stabilized at 20 ℃.
5. The test bed for simulating three-dimensional thermoosmotic coupling transfer of soil in a karst area according to claim 1, wherein the water tank in the water injection and drainage seepage system is used for containing overflowed water in the upstream and downstream water tanks and transferring the overflowed water into the water basin through a pvc pipe.
6. The test bed for simulating three-dimensional thermoosmotic coupling transfer of soil in a karst region according to claim 1, wherein a basin in the water injection and drainage seepage system is used for connecting water in a water guide groove under the action of high and low water levels, and a water pump is used for injecting the water in the basin from the top of the subgrid small water tank.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113028680A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-25 | 桂林理工大学 | Three-dimensional simulation device for heat exchange coupling of seepage-heat transfer-mass transfer-buried pipe and implementation method |
| CN115266521A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-11-01 | 中国海洋大学 | Coastal zone underground water seepage simulation system considering temperature influence and working method |
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