CN103464453B - A kind of method of repairing soil-borne disease soil - Google Patents
A kind of method of repairing soil-borne disease soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to soil microenvironment reparation and prevent and treat soil-borne disease technical field, being specifically related to a kind of method and application thereof of repairing soil-borne disease soil.The method of reparation soil-borne disease soil of the present invention for applying fertilizer and release earthworm in soil; Wherein, described soil meets following condition: 1) soil moisture content remains on 20% ~ 50%, 2) soil salt content remains on less than 4 ‰; The throwing amount of executing of described fertilizer is 1.0 ~ 2.5 tons/mu; The injected volume of described earthworm is 100 ~ 500kg/ mu.Method of the present invention is according to agricultural production and earthworm soil life characteristic and Modern agricultural ecological environmental construction demand, and a kind of novel reparation of setting up has the method for soil-borne disease soil, belong to biological control, method economy of the present invention, effectively, can repair for multiple soil-borne disease, and the side effect of this Prevention Technique is little, non agricultural chemical residuum, free from environmental pollution, have application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil microenvironment reparation and prevent and treat soil-borne disease technical field, being specifically related to a kind of method and application thereof of repairing soil-borne disease soil.
Background technology
Soil-borne disease refers to the disease that the pathogen of living in soil causes from crop root or basal part of stem infringement crop when condition is suitable for.Mainly comprise some disease fungus with infection ability, bacterium, nematodes etc., infect that plant root causes plant to wither, dampings off, a class plant disease of the blue or green symptom such as withered, rotten.Soil-borne disease mainly contains samping off, the damping-off of various vegetable sprout term; Melon, really, the droop of legume vegetable; The verticillium wilt of eggplant etc.; The bacterial wilt of solanaceous vegetables; The root knot nematode disease of cucumber, celery, curled mallow; The soft rot of Chinese cabbage etc.; The stem wilt etc. of asparagus.These diseases are except samping off and damping-off are mainly except Seedling Stage occurs, major part occurs not obvious seedling stage, general when proceeding to reproductive growth (yielding positive results) by nourishing and growing occur, until Later growth, it is longer that it is contaminated rear host phase of holing up in the body.
The pathogen of soil-borne disease mainly survives the winter (summer) in soil, dependence soil corrosion matter and residual branch lose in the remaining material of leaf posts breath, the time of surviving in soil is longer, and general wilt can be survived 5-6 years in soil, therefore is referred to as soil inhabitant.Soil-borne disease has following characteristics: 1. soil-borne disease is one popular disease for many years.In the greenhouse, booth of the long-term continuous cropping of various vegetables, the temperature of soil, humidity and nutritional condition are very favourable to pathogen breeding, and soil-borne disease occurs general especially and serious.2. cost-effective prevention and controls is lacked.Cause the Species of Pathogens of soil-borne disease many, majority belongs to facultative parasite, and host range is extensive, adaptable to soil environment, and survival mode is various; In addition, the hazardous distinguish of contagious disease is leaf, stem, flower, fruit be main, and the hazardous distinguish of soil-borne disease be the root at position, plant underground, stem is main, to infect the vascular bundle of host plant, upwards extend gradually, bred in vascular bundle by pathogen, block its conveying nutriment, cause plant withered death in a short time.3. the reason of soil-borne disease generation is complicated.Most of soil-borne disease is that multiple harmful microorganism Combined Infection causes, and soil environment factor such as pH, temperature, humidity, nutrition condition are also the principal elements affecting pathogenic course.Therefore, at present in agricultural production and plant incubation, preventing and treating soil-borne disease is a problem demanding prompt solution.
At present, the control about soil-borne disease mainly comprises crop rotation, cultivates disease-resistant variety and use chemical agent.Wherein crop rotation diseases prevention is widely used, but to some special economic crops or particular locality cannot reach efficent rotation require, there is larger limitation.Conventional breeding for disease resistance is made slow progress due to the problem of depositing both ways: one is utilize single resistant gene to make soil-borne pathogen develop into new microspecies, two is that anti-source material scarcity makes conventional breeding can not meet needs in production, and the work utilizing modern biotechnology to carry out anti-soil-borne disease breeding is also still in the exploratory stage.The depth & wideth be distributed in soil due to soil-borne disease bacterium is larger, chemical agent is also difficult to effective control, in addition, the Long-Time Service of chemical agent brings a series of side effect, as destroyed the ecological balance, cause that Minor diseases is rampant, medicament remains and causes the pollution of water source soil, causes the problem such as person poultry poisoning, resistant lose.Cao Zhi equality proposes a kind of soil-borne disease prevention and controls (application number CN200410004767), by soil to be sterilized coated with VIF film, then to soil application 35-40g/m in film
2former dose of the methyl bromide of soil, or 70-80g/m
237% aqua metham-sodium of soil carries out soil disinfection.Li Baoju etc. propose a kind of soil disinfection method (application number CN200510012204) of facility for prevention and control soil-borne diseases of vegetable, and the vexed canopy of main employing, pours water, spreads the measures such as quick lime to carry out soil disinfection.Guo Jianhua etc. propose a kind of composting process (application number CN02112558) of preventing and treating plant soil-borne diseases, mainly biocontrol bacteria bacterial strain bacillus, pseudomonad, Serratieae, Escherichia, bar bacterium are made biocontrol fungicide, then in fertilizer, add this biocontrol fungicide, then carry out compost.Above method mainly adopts physicochemical method, can play a role, but sustainability is poor in short-term.
Earthworm is one of animal monoid that in soil, biotinylated biomolecule amount is maximum, in maintenance function of soil ecosystem, play irreplaceable effect.Earthworm energy chesson, increases the soil organism and improves structure, can also promote that acidity or basic soil become neutral soil, increases the quick-acting composition such as phosphorus, potassium, makes soil be suitable for the growth of crops.Utilize the vital movement of earthworm to process " disease " soil to be an ancient and new biotechnology, the main cause that soil-borne disease occurs is the disease fungus in soil with infection ability, bacterium or nematode etc. occur serious, and fungi, bacterium, nematode is one of natural food of earthworm, earthworm is introduced farmland, utilize the characteristic of ingesting of earthworm, a part of pathogen quantity can be reduced, and can the activity of earthworm and the generation of earthworm excrement be passed through, increase the microbial diversity of soil environment, a large amount of microorganisms in earthworm excrement are competed and antagonism to pathogen, improve microbiota relation in sick soil, thus reach the object of repairing soil-borne disease.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly utilize earthworm but not conventional physical chemical method, to carry out soil-borne disease, serious soil restoring technology occurs, solve agricultural soil soil-borne disease and serious problem occurs, soil texture can be improved simultaneously, strengthen biological activity of soil and increase soil fertility, fertilizer amount can be reduced and improve farmland ecological environment.This technical management is easy, can realize disposable input, for many years income.
First the present invention discloses a kind of method of repairing soil-borne disease soil, for applying fertilizer and release earthworm in soil; Wherein, before applying fertilizer and release earthworm, described soil needs to meet following condition: 1) soil moisture content remains on 20% ~ 50%, 2) soil dissoluble content remains on less than 4 ‰; The applied amount of described fertilizer is 1.0 ~ 2.5 tons/mu; The injected volume of described earthworm is 100 ~ 500kg/ mu.
After adopting restorative procedure of the present invention, get final product directly Planting Crops in the soil with soil-borne disease; Preferably, within 2 ~ 3 weeks before proportion of crop planting, preceding method is adopted to repair soil-borne disease soil.
Preferably, described soil-borne disease soil is specially watermelon blight soil.
Described soil moisture content is the percentage that the weight of soil moisture accounts for dry ground weight.When agricultural land soil moisture content is lower, soil is comparatively dry, can be controlled by conventional meanses such as field irrigations in conjunction with crop water situation.
Described soil dissoluble content is the content by certain water and soil ratio and Water-soluble salt contained in lixiviate soil out within a certain period of time, its detection method can with reference to " soil agrochemistry analytical method " (Soil Science Society of China be compiled, Chinese agriculture Science Press).The simple and easy method of current control soil dissoluble content is broad irrigation, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, takes away base cation by irrigating.
Fertilizer used in the present invention can adopt commercially available various organic fertilizer, such as Lutao board fertilizer, intelligent tower board fertilizer etc., the effect of fertilizer is on the one hand for earthworm provides food, is improve soil quality on the other hand, and helps earthworm to adapt to new soil environment as early as possible.
Preferably, the injected volume of described earthworm is the every 667m of 100kg
2, be equipped with 2t fertilizer simultaneously.
Earthworm is 6:00-7:00 at dusk release time summer and autumn, and winter-spring season release time is 5:00-6:00 in afternoon, and the soil moisture is lower than 30 DEG C.
Preferably, the release of earthworm in farmland, is first ditched by soil, is thrown in by earthworm in ditch and to apply a certain amount of fertilizer, then using the moistening soil of water and fertilizer, last earthing.
Further, described trench digging is in the middle part of farmland, offer 5-10 bar ditch arranged side by side, and the spacing between every bar ditch is 10-20m, and the distance being positioned at the ditch distance edge, farmland on both sides is 5-10m.
It should be noted that opened ditch should away from irrigation ditch, the distance of distance irrigation canals and ditches should be greater than 5m.
Further, described trench depth is 12 ~ 18cm, and ditch width is 40 ~ 50cm.
Further, the cross section of described ditch is trapezoidal.Ditch cross section is trapezoidal, contributes to the storage of earthworm movement and fertilizer like this, can not be taken away nutrient by rain-out simultaneously, thus polluted river channel.
Further, be applied in ditch by the 5%-10% of described organic fertilizer quality together with earthworm, remaining fertilizer is applied in soil by the mode of broadcasting sowing.
Further, after earthworm and fertilizer are put into ditch, with the moistening soil of water and fertilizer, the moisture content of moistening rear soil is 60%-80%.
The earthworm earthworm kind of the present invention's release can drug of choice with earthworm and/or animal fodder earthworm.Be mainly used in the prevention& repair of the soil sick soil that soil-borne disease occurs.
Preferably, described earthworm earthworm kind is William chamber ring earthworm (Metaphire guillelmi), has another name called Shanghai earthworm.
The present invention is according to agricultural production and earthworm soil life characteristic and Modern agricultural ecological environmental construction demand, and a kind of novel reparation of setting up has the earthworm in the method, particularly a kind of farmland there being soil-borne disease to occur of soil-borne disease soil to discharge, cultivate and soil remediation method.According to earthworm life characteristic, create suitable living environment, earthworm kind is put into farmland and cultivates, for repairing the soil having soil-borne disease to occur.Disease fungus, bacterium, nematode etc. that the main cause that soil-borne disease occurs is to have in soil infection ability occur serious, and fungi, bacterium, nematode are the natural foods of earthworm, earthworm is introduced facility farmland, earthworm take microorganism as food, the quantity of a part of pathogen can be reduced, and by the activity of earthworm and the generation of earthworm excrement, the microbial diversity of soil environment can be increased, a large amount of microorganisms in earthworm excrement are competed and antagonism to pathogen, improve microbiota relation in sick soil, thus reach the object of repairing soil-borne disease.
Second aspect present invention discloses the application of method in biological control soil-borne disease field of aforementioned reparation soil-borne disease soil.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: earthworm movement not only can chesson, improve soil physical and chemical property, reduce fertilizer application amount, slow down the problems such as the soil compaction frequently caused due to mechanical cultivation, more importantly can repair soil-borne disease sick soil preferably, reduce pathogen quantity, increase the microbial diversity of soil environment, reduce the crop incidence of disease, improve crop quality and output, realize agricultural sustainable development.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is set forth further below in conjunction with embodiment.Should be understood that embodiment only for illustration of the present invention, but not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
1. experimental technique
Modern Agricultural Park, Shanghai, the front stubble watermelon blight incidence of disease about 35%, continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon is comparatively serious.Soil physical and chemical property is pH7.2(soil/water=1/5), full nitrogen 1.38gkg
-1, rapid available phosphorus 25.60mgkg
-1, available potassium 180.00mgkg
-1, EC1.25mscm
-1.
Release earthworm condition:
Soil moisture content remains on 20%-50%;
Agricultural land soil salinity remains on less than 4 ‰;
Throw organic fertilizer (intelligent tower board fertilizer) 2 tons for every mu;
Every mu of release earthworm 100kg.
Before release earthworm, first ditched by soil, in the middle part of farmland, offer 5-10 bar ditch arranged side by side, the spacing between every bar ditch is 10-20m, and the distance being positioned at the ditch distance edge, farmland on both sides is 5-10m; Trench depth is 12-18cm, and ditch width is 40-50cm, and the cross section of ditch is trapezoidal.Earthworm is put into ditch and applies the fertilizer accounting for fertilizer gross mass about 8%, with the moistening soil of water and fertilizer, then earthing, remaining fertilizer is applied in soil by the mode of broadcasting sowing.
Within 2 ~ 3 weeks before proportion of crop planting, adopt the inventive method rehabilitating soil; And adopt conventional cultivation control to contrast, carry out watermelon blight control with the biological control method of release earthworm.Conventional method is: with every mu of farmland area 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1.5 ~ 2 kilograms during field planting, mix thin dry ground 150 ~ 200 kilograms (medicine: soil=1:100), be manured into soil by the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields.
2. experimental result
The detection method reference of soil soil property: Nanjing Soil Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences. soil physical analysis [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai science tech publishing house, 1981; Edaphon assay method reference: Fan Xiurong, Shen Ping. Microbiology Experiment [M]. Beijing: People's Education Publishing House, 1980; Watermelon center sugar and limit sugar saccharometer measure.Testing result sees the following form 1-5.
Table 1 discharges the impact of Soil of Earthworms quality
Good soil quality environment is the basis of watermelon healthy growth.As can be seen from Table 1, after discharging earthworm, the soil weight, general porosity, hollow billet voidage, soil organic matter content, cation exchange capacity (CEC) are respectively 1.18g/cm
3, 56.77%, 45.42%, 1.36% and 22.6me/100g soil, conventional cultivation of comparing, every soil root system is all increased dramatically, this illustrate earthworm improve soil environment, for watermelon healthy growth lays a solid foundation.
Table 2 discharges the microbiotic impact of Soil of Earthworms
Note: in same hurdle, different lowercase alphabet shows significant difference (p < 0.05); Different capitalization represents that difference extremely significantly (p < 0.01), lower same.
Release earthworm can improve soil microflora diversity, as shown in Table 2, compared with conventional cultivation process, release earthworm significantly improves bacterium, fungi and actinomycetic quantity, especially Population of Actinomycetes presents jump is increase, microbiotic improvement, the existence of a large amount of microorganism can produce " competition " with droop pathogenic bacteria Fusarium oxysporum and " antagonism " acts on.Actinomyces also can secrete the growth of D actinomycin D suppression pathogen in soil except transforming great majority except nutrient, and have broad spectrum activity, have certain effect, alleviate the generation of watermelon blight to suppression soil-borne disease fungal pathogens.
Table 3 discharges the impact of Soil of Earthworms Fusarium oxysporum quantity
As shown in table 3, release earthworm greatly reduces the quantity of soil Fusarium oxysporum, chief reason is that release earthworm adds microbial activity and diversity, enhance the metabolism of edaphon and growth, fertility, these microorganisms are the most contenders fighting for energy source with pathogen; Contention nutriment and living space.
Table 4 discharges the impact of earthworm on the watermelon incidence of disease
Note: level representative plant is dead; It is withered that secondary represents blade, but plant tendril is not dead; Three grades represent healthy and strong plant
As shown in Table 4, the release of earthworm significantly reduces watermelon M & M, improves rhizosphere environment, improves micro organism quantity, promotes root growth and the absorption to nutrient, changes microbiota, enhance disease resistance.
Table 5 discharges the impact of earthworm on quality of watermelon and output
From Watermelon Fruit attributional analysis (see table 5), release earthworm can make Soluble Solids Content of Watermelon increase, and improves 4.8% than contrast, and limit sugar content improves 6.3%.Because the watermelon blight incidence of disease after release earthworm is lower than contrast, the yield of watermelon there has also been and increases substantially, and the yield of watermelon reaches 2614.8kg/666.7m respectively
2, add 25.87% than conventional cultivation.
Claims (8)
1. repair a method for soil-borne disease soil, for applying fertilizer and release earthworm in soil; Wherein, before applying fertilizer and release earthworm, described soil needs to meet following condition: 1) soil moisture content remains on 20% ~ 50%, 2) soil dissoluble content remains on less than 4 ‰; The release of earthworm is first ditched by the soil in farmland, to be thrown in by earthworm in ditch and to apply a certain amount of fertilizer, then using the moistening soil of water and fertilizer, last earthing; The applied amount of described fertilizer is 1.0 ~ 2.5 tons/mu; The injected volume of described earthworm is 100 ~ 500kg/ mu; Described soil-borne disease soil is specially watermelon blight soil.
2. repair the method for soil-borne disease soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the applied amount of described fertilizer is 2 tons/mu, and the injected volume of described earthworm is 100kg/ mu.
3. repair the method for soil-borne disease soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described trench digging is in the middle part of farmland, offer 5-10 bar ditch arranged side by side, and the spacing between every bar ditch is 10-20m, and the distance being positioned at the ditch distance edge, farmland on both sides is 5-10m.
4. repair the method for soil-borne disease soil as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described trench depth is 12 ~ 18cm, and ditch width is 40 ~ 50cm.
5. repair the method for soil-borne disease soil as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the cross section of described ditch is trapezoidal.
6. repair the method for soil-borne disease soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, be applied to together with earthworm in ditch by the 5%-10% of described organic fertilizer quality, remaining fertilizer is applied in soil by the mode of broadcasting sowing.
7. repair the method for soil-borne disease soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described earthworm earthworm kind is William chamber ring earthworm.
8. described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1-7, repair the application of method in biological control soil-borne disease field of soil-borne disease soil.
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| CN108782482A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-13 | 魏绿林 | The method that earthworm improves soil |
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