CN1225616A - Bio-organic fertilisation for plantations - Google Patents
Bio-organic fertilisation for plantations Download PDFInfo
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- CN1225616A CN1225616A CN97196571A CN97196571A CN1225616A CN 1225616 A CN1225616 A CN 1225616A CN 97196571 A CN97196571 A CN 97196571A CN 97196571 A CN97196571 A CN 97196571A CN 1225616 A CN1225616 A CN 1225616A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/05—Treatments involving invertebrates, e.g. worms, flies or maggots
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
Biofertilisation units including at least one superior fertiliser and at least one inferior fertiliser, as well as inoculated earthworms, are disclosed. Worm farms for producing said earthworms, including one or more beds containing growth and reproduction substrates for endogeic and/or anecic and/or endoanecic earthworms, are also disclosed. Said units and methods are particularly useful when used on plantations such as tea, coffee and cocoa plantations.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to be used for the means of biological organic fertilising in plantation.Particularly, the present invention relates to comprise one or more System and method fors that utilize fertilizer and earthworm.The invention still further relates to one or more System and method fors that are used to produce described earthworm.
Background of invention
Along with improving constantly that the relation of interdependence between agricultural, environment and the socioeconomics is familiar with, people have proposed query to the vitality of existing agrosystem.
In history, the basic purpose of agrosystem should be to increase output.Think to plantation and the investment in soil should with the turnout that obtains thus between be relative linear relation.This short-term management on small scale brings the new high yield crop varieties of a large amount of use fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and introducing, and these depend primarily on to purchasing of carrying out of maximum production and sell investment.
A kind of like this Financial cost of system for conducting business with high investment is very high often: the internal resource service efficiency is very low, also is attended by environment and degenerates.In order to keep acceptable productivity higher investment must be arranged, also will exhaust the ecosystem simultaneously.
The soil fertility in more and more areas is subjected to human damage: the chemotrophy element that does not have the restock crop to be consumed in the soil.This causes the net loss of the nutritive element in the soil and long-range the seeing of chemical fertilizer can't compensate, and also causes output not high, and phytomass is not high.
In more such ecosystems of being upset, soil fertility reduces, and enriches chemical fertilizer and can not bring the proportional increase of results, but cause the nutritive element loss to increase, and the soil texture is serious degradation more.
In fact, nearly 20 years or the longer time since, along with forest and natural grasslands more and more reduce, the forfeiture of species diversity, because of nutritive element impoverishment and erosion action make Soil degradation, in the Tropical ecosystems of carrying out property deterioration, above-mentioned situation especially severe.
The situation of agricultural forest system is especially like this, as India's plantation tealeaves, and South America plantation cocoa beans or coffee, more generally, any long-term intensive cropping is not always the case, and planting cost increases gradually to guarantee stable ultimate production.
When using new soil, the another kind of selection is the plantation of shortening crop rotation or carrying out slash-and-burn cultivation (coupe-et-brule) type, causes the impoverishment of this soil, soil erosion effect more complete thus.After only crop rotation several times circulated, the soil fertility in these soils reduced, and weedy: this soil should be left uncultivated.
When degenerative process peaked, soil organic matter was barren, and its physical properties (for example erosion action trend, ventilation property) is degenerated, and this soil should be left uncultivated.It is very difficult recovering a kind of like this ecosystem, and implementation cost is big.
Recently, interests are ordered about the traditional concept of having expanded agriculture management widely, comprise species diversity, the quality of nutritive element budget and water and quantity, and this must mean a kind of idea of more complex interactions.This agriculture production long-term view toward investment is not only considered service efficiency, but also considers the ability (soil, water, genetics resource and human resources) of resource updates.
In the various complementary factor of considering, for the vitality of ecosystem nature or people's management, the fertility of soil is extremely important.An important factor is that the biology aspect of soil fertility is the key feature of lasting productivity.
Soil fauna has constituted one of decisive key element of pedogenic process.Those behaviors that can remove useful group from the earth fauna are not long-term feasible.
Crucial population, as the earthworm that mulch cover mulch-covering is fed, termite, ant and arthropods influence the soil physics structure according to the show, and the influence of fixed action and humification are influenced the kinetics of nutritive element by them.
The inventor observes, the big no vertebra population of the soil famine of serious degradation.Cultivate in the thing big no vertebra group last year in the soil of removing vegetation recently always in serious poorness aspect biomass, quantity and the species diversity.
The invention brief description
The present invention is based on earthworm and the effect inorganic and associating of organic fertilizer soil layer, described soil layer has different organic matter contents, and by the activity of earthworm within a certain period of time, offers the nutritive element of crop available form in turn.This combined action advantageously causes keeping or increasing the quality of environment, the quality of soil especially, and make crop obtain nutritive element.
Therefore, the means that the purpose of this invention is to provide biological fertilising, be one or more System and method fors, it can carry out the biology fertilising of crop with acceptable cost, be crop effective nutrition is provided, keep (when soil fertility is good) simultaneously or increase (when soil fertility is low) soil nutrient state, can also and/or add the rudimentary ecosystem of quick-recovery.
Another object of the present invention provides to reach the means of the earthworm that mass production can use in the System and method for of aforementioned biological fertilising.
Be used for the system of the present invention of the biological fertilising in plantation, it is characterized in that it comprises at least a high-quality fertilizer and at least a inferior quality fertilizer, its feature is that also it comprises the earthworm that is inoculated.
' high quality fertilizer ' should be understood to the snap-out release nutritive element and does not have the fertilizer of obvious immobilization role.
Especially preferred is mainly to contain organic fertilizer, as compost, for example with trade(brand)name Humigold
The fertilizer of selling.According to another kind of scheme, described fertilizer is based on the by product from feeding stock animals, as the mixture of cow dung, chicken manure or these materials and compost.
' inferior quality fertilizer ' should be understood to slowly discharge nutritive element or with the immobilized fertilizer of these nutritive elements.
They comprise organic matter, and for example plant and/or fruit and/or timber industry by product are as the material from beta pruning, sawmill's refuse, coffee berry shell, rice husk, coconut fiber.
Inoculation earthworm in the biological fertilization system of the present invention is (endogeic) earthworm Yin and/or tunnel (anecic) earthworm and/or tunnel, the face of land (endo-anecic) earthworm in the soil.In case of necessity, they also comprise the excavatus as Peryonix, the ground of Moniligaster horsti and so on (epigeic) earthworm.
Described inoculation earthworm belongs to one or more genus and/or for certain genus, then belongs to one or more kinds.
Earthworm preferably belongs to Pontoscolex and/or Drawida and/or Notoscolex genus in the soil.Pontoscolex corethrurus earthworm is particularly preferred for the application in the biological fertilization system of the present invention.
The genuine earthworm in the tunnel and/or the face of land belongs to Lampito and belongs to, particularly belong to Lamito mauritii kind, and/or belong to Amynthas and belong to, particularly belong to Amynthas diffrmgens and/or Amynthas corticis kind, and/or belong to the Drawida genus, particularly belong to the Drawidathurstoni kind, and/or belong to the Megascolex genus, particularly belong to Megascolex filiseta kind, and/or Tranoscolides belongs to.
Described high quality fertilizer and inferior quality fertilizer advantageously are placed in the biological fertilization system of the present invention in the horizontal layer mode.
Preferably, described horizontal layer comprises at least from low to high:
-contain the layer (below be referred to as a layer A) of described inferior quality fertilizer,
-soil layer (below be referred to as a layer B),
-contain the layer (below be referred to as a layer C) of described high quality fertilizer, and
-inoculation has the soil layer (below be referred to as a layer D) of earthworm, and described layer D advantageously is the dome shape.
The thickness of described these layers depend on consider the type in plantation.For example, be about 0.10-0.50 rice for tea or this thickness of similar plantation, preferably in 0.10-0.20 rice scope.
Described high quality fertilizer and inferior quality fertilizer is placed on seems very convenient in the soil.
Although the present invention can be applied to any ecosystem, the invention particularly relates to the Tropical ecosystems that in fact have special advantage and have society-Economic Importance.Therefore, described soil is the soil of tropical character.
When described biological fertilization system was used to have the plant husbandry of high added value, this system was useful especially, as was used to plant tealeaves, and coffee or cocoa beans usually, are used to produce the system of timber, fiber, leaf, fruit and seed.
Thereby can use multiple systems, kind of a method for planting is depended in its configuration.
Very satisfied with the quincunx result who obtains when diverging to the system of position when using with respect to crop row.Under the situation of slope plantation, with favourable with these systems of the vertical position configuration in this slope.
A further object of the invention is the biological fertilizing method of crop.
Said method comprising the steps of:
-analyze Soil structure, quality, fauna, flora, nutritional status, so that identify,
-select the earthworm of one or more genus and/or kind according to this soil characteristic,
-dig pit, the biological fertilization system of above-mentioned definition is put in the hole, preferably in the time may replenishing one or more inferior quality fertilizer, be put in the hole by the crop by product,
-inoculate described earthworm.
During kind of plant, analyze the variation in the soil termly.This periodic evaluation is convenient to adjust this method, for example inoculates the adjustment of earthworm kind about specific waiting.If necessary, in order to recover suitable species diversity, can inoculate faunistic other Cheng Yuan.In some cases, only use Pontoscolex corethrurus may cause soil closely knit.At this moment these negative interactions can adopt and add other earthworm kinds that are fit to and/or compensated as faunistic other Cheng Yuan of arthropods and so on.
When described these biological fertilization systems preferably should run to by the arrival of chance next time of the additional inferior quality fertilizer of crop by product.When this generally is beta pruning or results fruit or leaf.
At this moment should place one or more biological fertilization systems of the present invention again.
Advantageously, according to the earthworm size, be that 50-300 earthworm ratio carries out inoculation step with each biological fertilization system, preferably carry out inoculation step (0.5 meter 2 of area) with 100 earthworm ratios of each system.
Preferably, described method also comprises according to the interval of rule and applying fertilizer in soil.
Additional fertilizer contains the mixture of being made up of following fertilizer:
-the fertilizer (below be referred to as fertilizer 1) that can be absorbed by crop at once, and
-can not be absorbed by crop at once but the high-quality fertilizer of tool (below be referred to as fertilizer 2).
The mineral manure that fertilizer 1 is preferably commercially available, as chemical fertilizer, fertilizer 2 is high-quality organic fertilizer, the compost that can buy on market particularly is as Humigold
, or the by product of raise poultry, as cow dung.
Advantageously about 70: 30 to 30: 70 of the weight percent of fertilizer 1 and fertilizer 2, preferably about 50: 50.
Biological fertilization system of the present invention and method have following advantage:
-be convenient at the biology condition plant of sowing, therefore, from market requirement viewpoint, they can access useful especially product,
-can and/or improve in inferior soil (nutrition is barren, toxicity, structure is too closely knit or too loose, disorderly water conservancy management, low biological activity) to go up kind of a plant,
-can improve edaphic condition and soil fertility (physics of soil, chemistry and biological characteristics) simultaneously, and
-reduced dependency as the imported product of chemical fertilizer and so on, can also use the matrix of the cheap by product in local source as fertilising and/or worm cultivation.
All these advantages that are relative to each other are for the crop yield that improves as production high added value timber, and degraded ecosystem all is significant especially for recover with pioneering crop.
It is worthy of note, so therefore the present invention provides the method that can recover species diversity and allow and/or quicken plant growth.
A further object of the invention is the worm cultivation facility that is used to produce described earthworm.
Worm of the present invention is cultivated facility and comprises the one or more beds that are used to cultivate and breed the substrate of earthworm in genuine earthworm of the genuine earthworm and/or the face of land and/or the soil are housed.
Described substrate is especially preferably organic, contains the by product that obtains just like in industry, agricultural and the animal husbandry.
Preferred substrate contains at least a low-quality substrate, and as sawmill's refuse, beta pruning gurry, fruit by product and at least a high quality organic substrates are as cow dung, just chicken manure.
Described one or more inferior quality organic substrates and/or described high quality organic substrates randomly with mixing with soil, preferably mix with tropical soil.
Described one or more inferior quality organic substrates and described one or more high quality organic substrates are preferably pressed horizontal layer and are placed.
In a kind of embodiment preferred, the inferior quality organic layer is placed in the bottom of described bed.
The preferred arrangement of these horizontal layers is as follows:
-comprise the layer of described inferior quality substrate,
-the soil layer that compresses,
-comprise the layer of described high quality substrate,
-the soil layer that compresses,
-by soil and the staggered earthworm seed layer of forming that approaches of high quality substrate such as compost and
-protective layer.
These worms are culture bed to be placed in the ditch or in the airtight container.
Described worm is cultivated facility and preferably also comprises water-freeing arrangement, as gutter.
In order to protect described worm culture bed, particularly, cultivate the top of facility and can provide protector on every side worm to the variation of temperature and intensity of illumination.
These devices can be made of the device that can bring shade, top such as sack on the wire netting that supports as the culture bed trees of worm as described in one or more with by one or more posts.
These spaced apart of preferably embarking on journey, the centre is the road that can allow the people enter.
It is particularly useful to the mass production earthworm that described worm is cultivated facility.
The above-mentioned earthworm that the obtains like this particularly amount of Pontoscolex corethrurus is enough to inoculating in the plantation as defined above.
Described cultivation facility preferably be positioned at the plantation place near.
Be noted that by the present invention use mass-produced be used in soil species connects described earthworm particularly Pontoscolex corethrurus earthworm so that:
-keep earthworm in low nutritive value soil in the autochthonous activity, and
-produce a kind of fertile or fertilising substrate useful by being not really fertile mixture to crop-planting.
This technology that is used for mass production P.corethrurus earthworm is particularly suitable for using this locality can get resource.
The surprising advantage of this technology is the substrate that can obtain kind of plant digest initial unfertilized mixture with earthworm after, and the nutritive element content of this substrate increases.Become a kind of like this test that bad soil (ultisol) carries out with acidity C, N, Ca, Mg content are improved, pH raises a little, and the toxicity that is caused by aluminium obviously reduces (after earthworm digestion, the saturated initial value of 80% aluminium is reduced to 20%).
Above-mentioned explanation is to describe the present invention prevailingly.Can understand the present invention better by following embodiment, these embodiment unless otherwise noted, should limit the scope of the invention only as an illustration in no instance.
In the following embodiments, referring to accompanying drawing 1-4, wherein:
-Fig. 1 represents the position of the biological fertilization system of the present invention in the tealeaves plantation.
-Fig. 2 represents biological fertilization system sectional view.
-Fig. 3 represents worm cultivation facility synoptic diagram.
-Fig. 4 represents the culture bed and gutter sectional view of worm.
Embodiment 1: the scale operation earthworm: be equipped with the worm of sawmill's waste material of mixing with soil and cultivate facility
This technology is based on the inoculation of earthworm in soil and sawmill's waste material mixture, and this waste material is the waste material of timber industry.
In order to produce a large amount of earthworms, importantly cultivate in the open air and inoculate from worm.But, also can use same technology keeping the original place activity of earthworm, so that produce the substrate of the spendable fertile or fertilising of kind of plant from not too fertile mixture.
Preferably, at first carry out these tests, cultivate and breed the ratio that earthworm reaches optimized soil and sawmill's waste material so that determine to make with laboratory scale.
Use 50 * 50 * 20 * centimetre seedbed and 500 * 100 * 20 centimetres of seedbeds to carry out pilot scale then, so that make this technological expansion to agriculture needed scale.
10 centimetres soil and timber industry waste material are taken from from the upper strata, pasture in use, have tested the mixture (be respectively that volume ratio is 1: 3,1: 1,3: 1) of three kinds of different soil and sawmill's waste material observing the throughput of P.corethrurus with laboratory scale.
The growth earthworm is possible on pure sawmill waste material, but very slow.The mixture of all tests has all improved the growth of P.corethrurus, uses soil: 3: 1 mixture of sawmill's waste material obtains best result, and other two kinds cooperations (1: 1 and 3: 1) are enough approaching.
Then, use soil: 3: 1 mixture of sawmill's waste material is cultivated P.corethrurus as the bottom surface in 50 * 50 * 20 centimetres wooden frame of band screen window.These wooden frames are kept at the nice and cool place of shading.40 adult earthworms that in each of two wooden frames, add each 20 gram (fresh weight).Their growth and breed very fast.After 60 days, on average each has 510 earthworms in these wooden frames, each fresh weight 67.2 gram.The density of earthworm increases by 12.8 times, and biomass increases by 3.4 times.
Then, will enclose 500 * 100 * 20 centimetres of seedbeds coming with four about 15 centimetres of trunks of diameter and be built in the field that is used to plant, and use soil: 3: 1 mixture of sawmill's waste material is filled the seedbed.Inoculated by every square metre of 20 earthworm with the 40th day at the 0th day.P.corethrurus density reached every square metre of about 500 earthworms in the 80th day, the 120th day every square metre of about 650 earthworms.The inoculation ratio of suggestion beginning is every square metre of 100 earthworms.
Embodiment 2: the scale operation earthworm: the worm that contains high quality and inferior quality substrate layer is cultivated facility
In field facility as shown in Figure 3, carry out the worm cultivation with P.corethrurus.
Each facility comprises a plurality of worms culture bed (8) that fenced up by the gutter that is used for draining (9).
Described bed is more or less parallel to each other on road (10) both sides.
This facility can prevent sunlight and temperature variation with top (11), and described very useful can be that the post (12) of timber or metal supports.
Described top for example is made of wire netting (13), and can cover gunnysack.
At least a portion kind tree planting (14) produces tree shade around facility.
Fig. 4 represents the culture bed vertical cross-section diagram of worm that centered on by waterways (9).
Described bed is long 6 meters, wide 1 meter, and dark 50 centimetres, it scrapes out in soil, fills six kinds of different layers, promptly is from top to bottom:
-thick be 5 centimetres beta pruning material bed (15),
-thick be 15 centimetres closely knit soil layer (16),
-thick be 15 centimetres non-closely knit cow dung layer (17),
-thick be 15 centimetres closely knit soil layer (18),
-wherein inoculate the thin layer (19) of earthworm (7), this layer is made of 5 kilograms of compost, per 60 centimetres staggered with soil layer, and
-the protective layer (20) that constitutes by hay with the coconut foliage cover.
In each facility, inoculate thousands of earthworm.After three months, each is culture bed produces 15000 earthworms.Such earthworm quantity can be as the inoculum of 150 plantation fertilization systems.
Embodiment 3: the biological fertilization system that is used for the plantation
Fig. 1 represents the position of the biological fertilization system in tealeaves plantation.
Total system comprises 1.5 meters of group leaders, wide 30 centimetres with dark 50 centimetres ditch (1), these ditches with and the slope be quincunx between tea tree (2) row in vertical direction.The density of ditch is 3000 of per hectares.
As shown in Figure 2, every ditch (1) is filled 4 layers of different soil layer and organic material layer, and promptly every ditch is from top to bottom:
5 kilograms of (15 tons/hectare) beta pruning material of-compacting (3) become thick 15 centimetres bottom,
-thick about 15 centimetres soil layer (4),
-layer (5), it is by about 670 Humigolds of gram (2 tons/hectare) as selling
And so on good quality compost or come freely that the secondary processing by product of animal husbandry (for example cow dung) and so on constitutes,
-soil layer (6) wherein adds earthworm (7), and the formation centre-height is 10 centimetres a dome.
Amount on the top of its ditch with 100 P.corethrurus earthworms of every ditch (the bright biomass of about 25 grams) adds these earthworms (being 300000 earthworms of per hectare or 75 kilograms of bright biomasss).At first use compost, then with the activity of humified beta pruning material maintenance earthworm gradually.
Settle this facility 3 years, to these tea trees once more carry out beta pruning when finishing this period, settles this facility again.Estimate continuously and adjust this technology when soil conditions accurately changes needs with fertility so that according to soil, for example about earthworm kind or whole earthworm kind of the most suitable inoculation.
Embodiment 4: ditching (the organic half inorganic fertilising of soil aeration+half), inoculation earthworm and bury the influence of beta pruning material to producing the South India tea tree
In 16 months, large-scale experiment has been carried out in the tealeaves plantation.Carried out 5 kinds of processing: 1.T-, E-, the P-contrast does not have ditching, does not use the beta pruning material, does not inoculate earthworm yet; 2.T+, E-, P-has dug ditch as embodiment 3, and 5 centimetres are used high quality organism (Humigold) (be equivalent to 2 tons/hectare, only use once) on ditch top, but do not have the beta pruning material; 3.T+, E+, P-has ditch, inoculation earthworm (per unit 100), but there is not the beta pruning material; 4.T+, E-, P+ has ditch, and the beta pruning material is arranged, but does not have earthworm; 5.T+, E+, P+ has ditch, and beta pruning material and inoculation earthworm are arranged.In all were handled, fertilising all was half inorganic half organic (2 tons/hectare Humigold).
This ditch facility causes the greenery mean yield to increase by 22% (being increased to 935 kilograms/hectare from 765 kilograms/hectare), but this statistically difference with insignificance.Inoculation earthworm and do not add the beta pruning material (handle T+, E+ P-) does not have remarkable influence (930 kilograms/hectare) to output.Add the beta pruning material and do not inoculate earthworm (handle T+, E-, P+) the greenery mean yield increases by 29%.Handle fully (T+, E+ P+) increase more and significance are arranged, and compared with the control (from control treatment T-, E-, 765 kilograms/hectare of P-to handling T+ fully, E+, 1174 kilograms/hectare of P+) greenery mean yield increase by 53%.Proved increase output 40% because use inorganic/fertilizer (50/50), it is above that this just may make output double.
These tests have illustrated that to bury the beta pruning material very big to the production of tea influence with the inoculation earthworm.
Comprise dig suitable ditch, to bury as the low-cost organic fertilizer of beta pruning material and so on and inoculation be a kind of complete biological fertilization system the earthworm of nutriment with the inferior quality organism also with the high quality organism in order to replenish the surface fertilising, can provide best result, and can keep nearly 2 years.
Carry out same test with dissimilar soil and reach 21 months, compared with the control, greenery output increases by 120% (from 1000 to 2214 kilograms/hectare).
Embodiment 5: with reclamation of wasteland property trees ecology recovering system
In the flowerpot of nursery and in the plantation, use biological fertilization system of the present invention to have and be beneficial to kind plant and trees on lean soil.
In the flowerpot of nursery, the mycorhiza that inoculation P.corethrurus significantly increases most of seeds roots infects.
In the plantation, install and tree to be grown better as the biological fertilization system among the embodiment 3, as Eucalyptus, even on unusual dead soil, also be like this.
Embodiment 6: recover species diversity, influence microorganism active
In some cases, it is very important keeping the species diversity of minimum level in terrestrial animal fauna group.For example, pasture, middle Amazon River area degenerate with the virgin forest mulch cover mulch-covering in most invertebratess disappear relevantly especially, also make soil closely knit relevant especially with the domination of single kind earthworm subsequently.Under such a case, the refuse of tree is provided and/or inoculates various fauna (thousand sufficient orders that the genuine earthworm of suitable native interior earthworm and/or genuine earthworm and/or the face of land will produce invertebrates in the mulch cover mulch-covering to soil surface, the centipede order, Isopoda, Coleoptera etc.), they are dug a hole in soil, rebuild the osmosis of water.
Claims (21)
1, the biological fertilization system that is used for crop-planting, this system comprises at least a high quality fertilizer and at least a inferior quality fertilizer, and vaccinated earthworm.
2, biological fertilization system according to claim 1, wherein said high quality fertilizer mainly includes the machine thing, as compost, particularly with trade(brand)name Humigold
The compost of selling, and/or from the by product of feeding stock animals, as cow dung, chicken manure.
3, biological fertilization system according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said inferior quality fertilizer comprises one or more crop by products, preferably from the material and/or the fruit by product of beta pruning, coffee berry shell preferably, rice husk, coconut fiber and/or wood byproducts, preferably sawmill's waste material.
4, according to the described biological fertilization system of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-3, wherein said inoculation earthworm is earthworm and/or the genuine earthworm of the genuine earthworm and/or the face of land in the soil, and belong to one or more kinds and/or one or more genus, they also randomly comprise as Peryonix excavatus, the epigaeous earthworm of Moniligaster horsti and so on.
5, biological fertilization system according to claim 4, the genuine earthworm in the wherein said genuine earthworm and/or the face of land belongs to Lampito and belongs to, particularly belong to Lamito mauritii kind, and/or belong to Amynthas and belong to, particularly belong to Amynthas diffringens and/or Amynthascorticis kind, and/or belong to Drawida and belong to, particularly belong to Drawida thurstoni kind, and/or belong to Megascolex and belong to, particularly belong to Megascolex filiseta kind, and/or Tranoscolides belongs to, earthworm preferably belongs to Drawida and/or Notoscolex genus and/or Pontoscolex genus in the soil of wherein said inoculation, particularly belongs to Pontoscolex corethrurus kind.
6, according to the described biological fertilization system of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-5, wherein place described high quality fertilizer and inferior quality fertilizer by horizontal layer, described horizontal layer preferably comprises from the end to the top at least:
-comprise the layer of described inferior quality fertilizer,
-soil layer,
-comprise described high quality fertilizer layer and
-soil layer has wherein been inoculated earthworm, and this layer is domed shape preferably.
7, according to the described biological fertilization system of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-6, wherein said high quality fertilizer and inferior quality fertilizer are placed in the soil.
8, biological fertilization system according to claim 7, wherein soil is tropical soil.
9,, it is characterized in that this system is used for the crop-planting of high added value, as the plantation of tea tree, coffee or cocoa according to the described biological fertilization system of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-8.
10,, it is characterized in that described system is in diverging to the position and be in respect to vertical position, slope with respect to crop row according to the described biological fertilization system of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-9.
11, the biological fertilizing method of crop said method comprising the steps of:
-analysis Soil structure, quality, fauna, flora, nutritional status,
-select one or more earthworms according to the characteristic of this soil,
-dig one or more holes, and put into described at least one the biological fertilization system of the arbitrary claim of claim 1-10, preferably in the time can replenishing one or more inferior quality fertilizer, put into by the crop by product.
12, method according to claim 11, wherein said one or more additional fertilizer comprise the mixture that is made of following fertilizer:
-as the crop of mineral manure and so on available fertilizer at once,
-a kind of can not the use and the high-quality fertilizer of tool by crop at once is as compost, particularly with trade(brand)name Humigold
The compost of selling, or the product of feeding stock animals are as cow dung.
13, a kind of worm is cultivated facility, and this facility comprises one or more beds that the substrate that is used for genuine earthworm growth of interior earthworm of soil and/or genuine earthworm and/or the face of land and breeding is housed.
14, worm according to claim 13 is cultivated facility, and wherein said substrate is organically basically, contains the by product just like by product that obtains in industry, agricultural or the aquaculture and so on.
15, worm according to claim 14 is cultivated facility, this facility comprises at least a inferior quality substrate, as sawmill's waste material, from the material of beta pruning and/the fruit by product, and/or at least a high quality substrate, as cow dung, chicken manure, described inferior quality organic substrates and/or described high quality organic substrates randomly with mixing with soil, preferably with the mixing with soil of tropical character.
16, worm according to claim 13 is cultivated facility, and wherein said inferior quality organic substrates and/or described high quality organic substrates are pressed horizontal layer and placed, and described inferior quality substrate layer is positioned at the bottom.
17, worm according to claim 16 is cultivated facility, and wherein said layer is placed in the following manner:
-contain the layer of described inferior quality substrate,
-closely knit soil layer,
-contain the layer of described high quality substrate,
-closely knit soil layer,
The thin layer of-inoculation earthworm, this layer by alternative soil with constitute as the high quality substrate of compost and so on, and
-protective layer.
18, cultivate facility according to the described worm of arbitrary claim among the claim 13-17, wherein said bed is placed in the ditch that digs in the soil or is placed in air-locked container.
19, cultivate facility according to the described worm of arbitrary claim among the claim 13-18, this facility also comprises the water-freeing arrangement as gutter and so on.
20, cultivate facility according to the described worm of arbitrary claim among the claim 13-19, this facility also comprises the protector that prevents that temperature and intensity of illumination from changing.
21, cultivate facility according to the described worm of arbitrary claim among the claim 13-20, this facility also comprises one or more roads of leading to described bed.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LK11034 | 1996-07-22 | ||
| LK1103496 | 1996-07-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1225616A true CN1225616A (en) | 1999-08-11 |
| CN1268586C CN1268586C (en) | 2006-08-09 |
Family
ID=19720973
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB971965714A Expired - Fee Related CN1268586C (en) | 1996-07-22 | 1997-07-22 | Bio-organic fertilisation for plantations |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1268586C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998003447A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102165875A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-08-31 | 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Soil fertilization method for ecological tea garden |
| CN103464453A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-12-25 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for restoring soil with soil-borne diseases |
| CN107793233A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-03-13 | 史锦洋 | Multielement functionality biological organic fertilizer |
| CN108738442A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-06 | 丽水市林业科学研究院 | A kind of camellia oleifera lam soil-ripening system and preparation method thereof |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL1012827C2 (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2001-02-14 | Tardy Vermicultures B V | Cultivation soil improvement process comprises treating with worms, worm food and a seaweed-containing product |
| CN105557642B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-06-19 | 遵义师范学院 | A kind of cultural method and its device of organic tea garden Pheretimatschiliensis |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5265073A (en) * | 1975-11-26 | 1977-05-30 | Okada Seimen Yuugengaishiya | Process for producing fertilizers using earthworm |
| DE3203411A1 (en) * | 1982-02-02 | 1983-08-11 | Klaus-Rainer 7808 Waldkirch Töllner | Method for regenerating silted soil |
| DK305083A (en) * | 1982-07-02 | 1984-01-03 | Nat Res Dev | PROCEDURE FOR THE USE OF VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL WASTE |
| WO1994019296A1 (en) * | 1993-02-17 | 1994-09-01 | Butterfly's Pty Limited | A method and apparatus for the treatment of organic matter |
-
1997
- 1997-07-22 WO PCT/FR1997/001363 patent/WO1998003447A1/en active Application Filing
- 1997-07-22 CN CNB971965714A patent/CN1268586C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102165875A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-08-31 | 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Soil fertilization method for ecological tea garden |
| CN102165875B (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2013-01-16 | 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Soil fertilization method for ecological tea garden |
| CN103464453A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-12-25 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for restoring soil with soil-borne diseases |
| CN103464453B (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-09-16 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method of repairing soil-borne disease soil |
| CN107793233A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-03-13 | 史锦洋 | Multielement functionality biological organic fertilizer |
| CN108738442A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-06 | 丽水市林业科学研究院 | A kind of camellia oleifera lam soil-ripening system and preparation method thereof |
| CN108738442B (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2023-06-13 | 丽水市林业科学研究院 | Tea-oil camellia forest soil curing system and manufacturing method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1998003447A1 (en) | 1998-01-29 |
| CN1268586C (en) | 2006-08-09 |
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