CN103444499B - Production method for maintenance-free plant-growing substrate layer and using method of substrate layer - Google Patents
Production method for maintenance-free plant-growing substrate layer and using method of substrate layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN103444499B CN103444499B CN201310353705.7A CN201310353705A CN103444499B CN 103444499 B CN103444499 B CN 103444499B CN 201310353705 A CN201310353705 A CN 201310353705A CN 103444499 B CN103444499 B CN 103444499B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method for a maintenance-free plant-growing substrate layer, and a using method of the substrate layer. The substrate layer comprises sliced straw, an organic fertilizer and auxiliary materials in the mass ratio of (2-6):(1-2):(2-3); and the auxiliary materials are selected from one or more of mica powder, pumice, vermiculite and soil. The method comprises the following steps of: mixing sliced straw, the organic fertilizer and the auxiliary materials; adding at least 1-13kg of urea and 1-1.5kg of calcium superphosphate into every 1,000kg of mixture; and uniformly mixing. The substrate layer has the advantages of readily available raw materials and low cost; and the substrate layer directly contains various nutrients necessary for plants, so that the substrate layer is very suitable for being applied to ecological restoration engineering such as lack of surface soil and mine restoration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of construction method of hypothallus, be specially adapted to one and construct rapidly and exempt from maintenance and plant raw hypothallus method, and the using method of this hypothallus, it can be applicable to mine management, afforestation, the engineerings such as restoration of the ecosystem.
Background technology
At present, all there is the situation of restoration of the ecosystem basis difference in the project of carrying out restoration of the ecosystem, and recovery project is construct at the scene without soil/plant generating layer substantially, and soil fertility condition is poor.Therefore, carrying out restoration of the ecosystem must first fertilizing soil, soil moved in improve the original or use Other Engineering measure to rebuild to plant generating layer, because used organic materials all needs to become thoroughly decomposed, there is investment longer problem larger, consuming time.
If organic materials is directly used in without becoming thoroughly decomposed and constructs hypothallus, the nutrient in organic materials can not discharge, and plant cannot utilize.And along with the postponement of time, the organic materials without process of becoming thoroughly decomposed can mineralising decompose voluntarily, consumes existing nutrient in soil, there is the phenomenon of fighting for nutrient with plant simultaneously.If consider, the factor of organic materials mineralising decomposition and consumption nutrient adds enough plant growths and the nutrient needed for organic materials mineralising in hypothallus, there is again nutrient levels too high, burns the problem of seedling.
Therefore, how to construct a kind of effective, cheap raw hypothallus of planting and become the technical problem needing solution badly.
Summary of the invention
The raw material that the object of the invention is to find a kind of cheapness plant generating layer for rebuilding, thus construct and a kind ofly effective, cheap plant raw hypothallus.
For reaching this object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of production method of planting raw hypothallus exempting from maintenance, this hypothallus comprises silk stalk, fertilizer and auxiliary material, its mass percent is 2-6: 1-2: 2-3, auxiliary material is one or more in mica powder, float stone, vermiculite and soil, first silk stalk, fertilizer and auxiliary material are mixed, then every 1000 kilograms of mixtures at least add the urea of 1-13 kilogram, and the superphosphate of 1-1.5 kilogram, mixes.
Proportioning one (be applicable to leaching serious and, have the area of certain soil moved in improve the original condition)
Mass ratio: silk stalk: fertilizer: mica powder: float stone=6: 2: 1: 1, every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 8 kilograms, urea, and superphosphate 1.3 kilograms, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
Proportioning two (be applicable to matrix condition better, have the area of certain soil moved in improve the original condition)
Mass ratio: silk stalk: fertilizer: float stone=5: 1: 2, every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 13 kilograms, urea, superphosphate 1 kilogram, and potassium sulfate 0.4 kilogram, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
Proportioning three (being applicable to matrix condition better, the area of soil moved in improve the original condition difference)
Volume ratio: silk stalk: fertilizer: vermiculite=4: 1: 3, every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 9 kilograms, urea, superphosphate 1.3 kilograms, and potassium sulfate 0.5 kilogram, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
Proportioning four (being applicable to matrix condition poor, the area of soil moved in improve the original condition difference)
Mass ratio: silk stalk: fertilizer: soil=2: 1: 2, every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 1 kilogram, urea, and superphosphate 1.2 kilograms, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
Proportioning five (being applicable to the area of soil moved in improve the original condition difference)
Mass ratio: silk stalk: fertilizer: soil=4: 1: 3, every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 8 kilograms, urea, and superphosphate 1 kilogram, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
Wherein, the length of described silk stalk is 60mm.
Wherein, described silk stalk is maize straw, and described fertilizer nutritional quality percentage composition should be lower than: nitrogen (N) 2.5%, phosphorus (P) 1.5%, potassium (K) 1%.
Plant a raw hypothallus, above-mentioned production method of planting raw hypothallus is produced and is obtained.
Above-mentioned using method of planting raw hypothallus, comprises the steps:
Step 1, is directly laid on earth's surface by the material of the hypothallus mixed, waters, and host material can be held agglomerating, needs to carry out manual compaction before watering, and makes the density of hypothallus material be not less than 50kg/m
3;
Step 2, after the top layer of hypothallus is air-dry, filling grass seed is broadcasted sowing with hypothallus on, cover the thick soil of 1-2cm.
The hypothallus raw material that method according to the present invention obtains are easy to get, cost is low, the direct various nutrient components contained needed for plant, are highly suitable in engineerings such as lacking the restoration of the ecosystem such as topsoil, Mine pit and use.
Embodiment
Stalk is the general name of ripe crops cauline leaf (fringe) part.Be often referred to wheat, paddy rice, corn, potato class, oil plant, cotton, sugarcane and other crops remainder after results seed.Along with the development of agricultural production, China is since the eighties in 20th century, and grain yield significantly improves, and stalk quantity is also many.After completing harvesting, how Treating straw becomes a difficult thing.
Current, peasant normally uses as fuel for the utilization of stalk, or the ash after directly being burnt after the burning of farmland is as fertilizer.And burning straw will produce a large amount of flue dust, direct contaminated environment, and the price of stalk is cheap.
Another using method of stalk is by the method for the preparation of greenfeed after stalk threading.How stalk is directly used in the preparation of fertilizer, there is no people's research at present.
Find through research, the stalk after silk has good physical property, is very suitable for soil melioration, and therefore, the present invention adopts silk stalk to plant raw hypothallus as major ingredient preparation.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of production method of planting raw hypothallus exempting from maintenance, this hypothallus comprises silk stalk, fertilizer and auxiliary material, its mass percent is 2-6: 1-2: 2-3, auxiliary material is one or more in mica powder, float stone, vermiculite and soil, first silk stalk, fertilizer and auxiliary material are mixed, then every 1000 kilograms of mixtures at least add the urea of 1-13 kilogram, the superphosphate of 1-1.5 kilogram, after mixing, packed.
Fertilizer can select commercially available fertilizer commodity, or selects ight soil to prepare voluntarily, preferred pig manure, requires that the fertilizer nutritional quality percentage composition made should be lower than: nitrogen (N) 2.5%, phosphorus (P) 1.5%, potassium (K) 1%.
For area and the soil of different situations, hypothallus has different proportionings, specifically:
Proportioning one, this proportioning be applicable to leaching serious and, have the area of certain soil moved in improve the original condition
Mass ratio: silk stalk: fertilizer: mica powder: float stone=6: 2: 1: 1, every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 8 kilograms, urea, and superphosphate 1.3 kilograms, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
Proportioning two, it is better that this proportioning is applicable to matrix condition, has the area of certain soil moved in improve the original condition
Mass ratio: silk stalk: fertilizer: float stone=5: 1: 2, every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 13 kilograms, urea, superphosphate 1 kilogram, and potassium sulfate 0.4 kilogram, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
Proportioning three, it is better that this proportioning is applicable to matrix condition, the area of soil moved in improve the original condition difference
Volume ratio: silk stalk: fertilizer: vermiculite=4: 1: 3, every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 9 kilograms, urea, superphosphate 1.3 kilograms, and potassium sulfate 0.5 kilogram, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
Proportioning four, it is poor that this proportioning is applicable to matrix condition, the area of soil moved in improve the original condition difference
Mass ratio: silk stalk: fertilizer: soil=2: 1: 2, every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 1 kilogram, urea, and superphosphate 1.2 kilograms, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
Proportioning five, this proportioning is applicable to the area of soil moved in improve the original condition difference
Mass ratio: silk stalk: fertilizer: soil=4: 1: 3, every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 8 kilograms, urea, and superphosphate 1 kilogram, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
In this application, stalk can be the stalk of various different crops, but be preferably maize straw, by harvested maize straw, after simple airing, directly use machine for making straw slivers (as 9WJS-20 multifunction micro machine for making straw slivers, or the machinery of same function) silk process is carried out to stalk, it should be known that silkization is only silk, and refer to be not pulverize.
Fresh straw slightly does airing, and water content is not higher than 65%, and use machine for making straw slivers by stalk threading, fibre length 60mm is advisable, and directly uses to mix with batching to lay at once, needs thoroughly air-dry to storage.Also can by air-dry for stalk rear silk, the stalk after silk is more broken, its to the improved effect of matrix and water retention capacity poor.
Stalk threading length is advisable with 60mm, and the long farming affecting soil is unfavorable for plantation activity, and too short meeting causes declining to the improved abilities of soil fertility.Adopt other process such as pulverizing can not play the said effect of this method.
Embodiment 2:
In the present embodiment, the using method of planting raw hypothallus obtained in embodiment 1 is disclosed.
First, the hypothallus material mixed directly is laid on earth's surface, waters, agglomerating being advisable can be held with host material, formed and plant raw hypothallus.When silkization stalk water content is less, too fluffy, need before watering to carry out manual compaction, density is not less than 50kg/m
3.
After top layer is air-dry, filling grass seed is broadcasted sowing with hypothallus on, cover the thick soil of 1-2cm.If water dilutional hyponatremia, need air-dry rear sowing a little, top layer is air-dry in a word just brings into use afterwards.
Therefore, of the present inventionly plant raw hypothallus, use the stalk of silk.Object is to retain the pars fibrosa in maize straw mechanical layer, when after stalk under field conditions (factors) mineralising, this part fiber can improve the porosity status of soil, improve preserve moisture and fertility ability, and then increase soil fertility, stalk threading length is advisable with 60mm, and the long farming affecting soil is unfavorable for plantation activity, and too short meeting causes declining to the improved abilities of soil fertility.Adopt other process such as pulverizing can not play the said effect of this method.
Secondly, the stalk after the mixed process of hypothallus formation must be silk first mixes with fertilizer.Object utilizes fertilizer to have abundant microorganism, for stalk microbe inoculation so that its quick mineralising.
Finally, first must water when this hypothallus uses, then sow.Fertilizer level in method is higher, and directly rewatering after sowing earthing can cause fertilizer concentration too high and burn seedling.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, cheap: the method mainly uses maize straw, the prices of raw and semifnished materials are cheap.And stalk itself has water retention capacity, eliminate the input using water-loss reducer.
2, rapid and convenient: the method is constructed and planted generating layer and eliminate the process that organic matter becomes thoroughly decomposed, can effective reduction of erection time, and raw material is easy to obtain.
3, ecological, environmental protective: the material used in formula does not introduce plastics, cementing agent etc., is natural product.
4, maintenance is avoided: in formula, consider quick-acting fertility gentle effect fertilizer efficiency, added chemical fertilizer supply plant nutrient can be utilized in short time, along with passage of time first stalk generation mineralising reaction, the nutrient decomposed also enough plant growths needs, and the mineralising of other auxiliary materials can need for plant late growing stage subsequently.
Claims (9)
1. exempt from the production method of planting raw hypothallus of maintenance for one kind, this hypothallus comprises silk stalk, fertilizer and auxiliary material, its mass percent is 2-6: 1-2: 2-3, auxiliary material is mica powder, float stone, one or more in vermiculite and soil, first by silk stalk, fertilizer and auxiliary material mixing, then every 1000 kilograms of mixtures at least add the urea of 1-13 kilogram, 1-1.5 kilogram superphosphate, mix, the length of described silk stalk is 60mm, described fertilizer nutritional quality percentage composition should be lower than: nitrogen (N) 2.5%, phosphorus (P) 1.5%, potassium (K) 1%.
2. production method of planting raw hypothallus according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The quality proportioning of hypothallus is: silk stalk: fertilizer: mica powder: float stone=6: 2: 1: 1, and every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 8 kilograms, urea, and superphosphate 1.3 kilograms, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
3. production method of planting raw hypothallus according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The quality proportioning of hypothallus is: silk stalk: fertilizer: float stone=5: 1: 2, and every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 13 kilograms, urea, superphosphate 1 kilogram, and potassium sulfate 0.4 kilogram, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
4. production method of planting raw hypothallus according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The quality proportioning of hypothallus is: silk stalk: fertilizer: vermiculite=4: 1: 3, and every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 9 kilograms, urea, superphosphate 1.3 kilograms, and potassium sulfate 0.5 kilogram, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
5. production method of planting raw hypothallus according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The quality proportioning of hypothallus is: silk stalk: fertilizer: soil=2: 1: 2, every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 1 kilogram, urea, and superphosphate 1.2 kilograms, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
6. production method of planting raw hypothallus according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The quality proportioning of hypothallus is: silk stalk: fertilizer: soil=4: 1: 3, every 1000 kilograms of mixtures add 8 kilograms, urea, and superphosphate 1 kilogram, above-mentioned raw materials mixes.
7., according to the production method of planting raw hypothallus in claim 1-6 described in any one, it is characterized in that:
Described silk stalk is maize straw.
8. plant a raw hypothallus, it utilizes the production method of planting raw hypothallus of any one in claim 1-7 to produce and obtains.
9. plant a using method for raw hypothallus as claimed in claim 8, comprise the steps:
Step 1, is directly laid on earth's surface by the material of the hypothallus mixed, waters, and host material can be held agglomerating, needs to carry out manual compaction before watering, and makes the density of hypothallus material be not less than 50kg/m
3;
Step 2, after the top layer of hypothallus is air-dry, filling grass seed is broadcasted sowing with hypothallus on, cover the thick soil of 1-2cm.
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| CN201310353705.7A CN103444499B (en) | 2013-08-14 | 2013-08-14 | Production method for maintenance-free plant-growing substrate layer and using method of substrate layer |
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| CN103444499B true CN103444499B (en) | 2015-01-28 |
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Effective date of registration: 20230626 Address after: No. 169, Kaihua Middle Road, Wenshan City, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province Patentee after: WENSHAN PREFECTURE GUANGNA EXPRESSWAY INVESTMENT CONSTRUCTION DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100080 Shougang Complex Building, Section I, Jinhui Jiayuan Phase II Public Building, No. 60, Xizhimen North Street, Haidian District, Beijing 0705, 0706 Patentee before: LOUIS ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING CO.,LTD. |
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