CN103430762B - A kind of sweet osmanthus premature labor Highly effective culture technique - Google Patents
A kind of sweet osmanthus premature labor Highly effective culture technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN103430762B CN103430762B CN201310420817.XA CN201310420817A CN103430762B CN 103430762 B CN103430762 B CN 103430762B CN 201310420817 A CN201310420817 A CN 201310420817A CN 103430762 B CN103430762 B CN 103430762B
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of sweet osmanthus premature labor Highly effective culture technique, and this culture technique particularity is to promote sweet osmanthus premature labor and sweet osmanthus high yield by Different Fertilization and pruning technique.This culture technique by 2-3 after sweet osmanthus field planting, Growing season on a small quantity repeatedly fertilising and spray leaf fertilizer combine and promote sweet osmanthus ramp, within the 4th year, take to draw branch and band girdle, control fertilising and promote flower bud differentiation to reach to do sth. in advance that sweet osmanthus blooms 2-3.Next year to be applied fertilizer by the sweet osmanthus strong to growth potential and 2 band girdles suppress sweet osmanthus to nourish and grow, promote that mostly flower bud differentiation and the tree heavy dressing fertilizer weak to growth potential are fertile and recover tree vigo(u)r, increase position of blooming and improve output, output about 20% can be improved than conventional cultivation.
Description
Technical field
This invention belongs to agricultural planting technique, particularly a kind of sweet osmanthus premature labor Highly effective cultivation method.
Background technology
Sweet osmanthus (OsmanthusfragransLour.) belongs to oleaceae plant, is the distinctive evergreen broadleaved shrub of China or dungarunga economic tree.Originate in Southwestern China mountain area, cultivation history is to reach more than 2500 year.
Along with the raising of people's material and the level of cultural life, more and more higher to the requirement of cities and towns afforestation.Not only require to realize greening, and to reach beautify, sweetening treatment, coloured silkization and the four seasons grow green target.In numerous Landscape Trees, only sweet osmanthus can close to this target.Sweet osmanthus tree performance is elegant, and jasper is cloudlike, cassia scrapped drifting fragrance, refreshing, really has that " fresh breeze carrys out sky fault on 1st, and dragon prolongs and do not catch up with perfume (or spice) in the world." since ancient times, as one of large famous flower and tree of China ten, extensive use in gardens and street planting.
Sweet osmanthus for expensive, contains the multiple aromatics such as certain herbaceous plants with big flowers acid lactones, α-ionone, alpha, beta-lonone, anti-linalool oxide, cis-linalool oxide, linalool, dihydro-β-violet stock violet with perfume (or spice) in spending.Fresh flower fragrance of a flower solvent (as benzinum) is carried out lixiviate, makes osmanthus concrete, every kilogram is worth nearly more than 4000 yuan.Osmanthus concrete is widely used in modulation sweet osmanthus food, daily use chemicals and alcoholic beverage industry, and supply falls short of demand for products export.
Sweet osmanthus high nutritive value, contains the necessary trace element of 22 seed amino acids, 15 kinds of vitamin, more than 10 kind of human body and multiple carotin according to Preliminary Determination.Be called as " wholefood ".Existing sweet osmanthus product has wine fermented with osmanthus flower, sweet osmanthus flower distillate, sweet osmanthus cake, Sweet-scented Osmanthus, osmanthus flower tea, sweet osmanthus moon cake, sweet osmanthus soymilk, osmanthus flower drink, osmanthus flower fragrance etc. more than 50 to plant.Therefore, Ministry of Light Industry widelys popularize in southern 13 provinces and develops sweet osmanthus cultivation, to meet growing domestic and international needs.Sweet osmanthus, the whole nation 14 provinces (district), city or counties are decided to be that province spends, city flower or county spend.
Sweet osmanthus, not only as ornamental plantation green plants, is also important chemical industry and raw materials of food processing, and the converted products of current sweet osmanthus has kind more than 50, but processing raw material wretched insufficiency, nearly all processing enterprise is in the state of producing half a year and stopping half a year.
Subject matter four aspects existed in current sweet osmanthus cultivation, one is of less types, and the florescence concentrates; Two be some spend the better golden osmanthus of matter, silver-colored osmanthus, orange osmanthus etc. enter flowering stage need time long, child the phase need just to enter flowering stage in about 10 years.Three is not through pruning, tree-like confusion, and tree vigo(u)r is too high, and ball shape is bloomed, and moves outside position of blooming, and causes position minimizing of blooming; Four is that rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest lack guidance, causes nourishing and growing and reproduction imbalance.Above factor all causes yielding poorly of sweet osmanthus, and an adult osmanthus fragrans strain is produced less than 5kg.Therefore, the income of flower-grower is not high, and enthusiasm is affected; Processing enterprise's raw material supply is not enough, is in the state of producing the spare time half a year half a year, affects the benefit of enterprise.Therefore, by the premature labor of sweet osmanthus, Highly effective cultivation, improve the output of sweet osmanthus, meet the needs of processing enterprise, to raising flower-grower's sweet osmanthus planting benefit and processing enterprise's benefit significant.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of sweet osmanthus premature labor Highly effective cultivation method, this technical scheme promotes sweet osmanthus premature labor by different fertilisings and pruning technique and promotes that the method for adult osmanthus fragrans high yield realizes its object.
1, premature labor cultivation method.
Field planting: select branch more, 2 years raw plant of robust growth, in autumn and winter or field planting in spring, if field planting in spring suitably will remove partial blade, reduce moisture evaporation, unsuitable basal dressing.Sweet osmanthus root system is afraid of accumulated water, and level land field planting will be noted beginning to rehearse ditch or raising field planting.
Fertilising: in 2 ~ 3 years after field planting, take " Shaoshi repeatedly " fertilizer practice to promote Growth status rapidly.Specific practice is that after field planting between 3 ~ October of First Year Growing season, executed a quick-acting fertilizer every 2 months, every strain tree executes 1:5 concentration night soil 3 ~ 5kg or urea 50 ~ 100g, the ditch spread of fertilizing method ring-type, and the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm; Simultaneously every two weeks foliage-spray 0.2% ~ 0.5% urea or 1500 ~ 3000ppm gibberellin; Autumn deep placement base manure once, based on fertilizers such as the barnyard manure become thoroughly decomposed or cake fertilizer, every strain 5 ~ 10kg, the degree of depth is 30 ~ 40cm, ring-type ditch spread.Second Year, the 3rd year annual each increase fertilizing amount 10 ~ 20%, continuous 2 ~ 3 years, make the ramp of tree body, after striving for field planting, 2 ~ 3 years height of trees reach more than 2.0m.Later respectively at March and July executing quick-acting fertilizer once, every strain tree executes 1:5 concentration night soil 5 ~ 10kg or urea 100 ~ 300g, and simultaneously every two weeks foliage-spray 1500 ~ 3000ppm gibberellin, fertilizing method is the same.
Prune: after the height of tree reaches about 2.0m, take to draw branch process to major branch before rudiment in spring, angle is become 50-70 degree angle with ground, and take band girdle process to the major branch of robust growth, band girdle reaches xylem deeply simultaneously, width 2 ~ 3mm.
By above process, generally then or Second Year just can bloom, than conventional cultivation early blossoming 2 ~ 3 years.
2, bearing tree high-yield cultivating method.
(1) for the tree management that growth potential is strong.
Fertilising: for the tree not basal dressing that growth potential is strong, execute pregnant fertilizers for potted flowers 6 ~ August, every strain tree executes 1:5 concentration night soil 25 ~ 50kg or urea 100 ~ 300g, and along the ditch spread of tree crown drip ring-type, the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm.
Prune: take band girdle process to the major branch of robust growth, band girdle reaches xylem deeply, width 2 ~ 3mm, band girdle 2 times, April and June, respectively once arriving suppresses to nourish and grow promoted the object of flower bud differentiation.Output can improve 10-20%.
(2) for the tree management that growth potential is weak.
Fertilising: heavy dressing fertilizer is taked for the tree that growth potential is weak and repeatedly applies fertilizer in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer.Annual in spending rear basal dressing 1 time, based on decomposed dung, every strain 100 ~ 150kg, along the ditch spread of tree crown drip ring-type, the degree of depth is 20 ~ 30cm; 3 ~ August, Growing season executed quick-acting fertilizer 4 ~ 5 times, and every strain tree executes 1:5 concentration night soil, 25 ~ 50kg or urea 300 ~ 500g, and along the ditch spread of tree crown drip ring-type, the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm; Simultaneously every two weeks foliage-spray 0.2% ~ 0.5% urea or 1500 ~ 3000ppm gibberellin.Recover tree vigo(u)r through 2-3, output can improve strain and produce about 20%.
Prune: once deeply prune before rudiment in spring, cut off disease branch, deadwood, contracting is returned for weak branch for many years, stimulate the sprouting of kryptoblast.Only prune once and no longer prune.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Premature labor cultivation experiments: test and carry out in sweet osmanthus garden, Hubei University of Science and Technology salty peace school district, kind is the orange osmanthus in autumn osmanthus class, select branch more, 2 years raw plant of robust growth in field planting in autumn in 2003, height of seedling 0.8m.
Between 3 ~ October of Growing season in 2004, execute a quick-acting fertilizer every 2 months, every strain tree executes 1:5 concentration night soil 3 ~ 5kg or urea 50 ~ 100g, the ditch spread of fertilizing method ring-type, and the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm; Simultaneously every two weeks foliage-spray 0.2% ~ 0.5% urea or 1500 ~ 3000ppm gibberellin; Autumn deep placement base manure once, based on fertilizers such as the barnyard manure become thoroughly decomposed or cake fertilizer, every strain 5 ~ 10kg, the degree of depth is 30 ~ 40cm, ring-type ditch spread.Within 2005, on the basis of fertilising in 2004, increase fertilizing amount 10 ~ 20%, within 2006, on the basis of 2005, increase fertilizing amount 10 ~ 20%, simultaneously every two weeks foliage-spray 1500 ~ 3000ppm gibberellin; In October, 2005, the height of tree reached more than 2.4m.Within 2007, respectively at executing quick-acting fertilizer in March and July 1 time, every strain tree executes 1:5 concentration night soil 5 ~ 10kg or urea 100 ~ 300g, simultaneously every two weeks foliage-spray 1500 ~ 3000ppm gibberellin; Fertilizing method is the same.
Take to draw process to major branch before rudiment in spring in 2006, angle is become 50-70 degree angle with ground, and take band girdle process to the major branch of robust growth, band girdle reaches xylem deeply simultaneously, width 2-3mm.Remove the branch of trunk below base portion 30cm and upset tree-like branch; Other branches generally do not process.
By above method process, within 2006, have a small amount of flower, but cannot add up output, within 2007, every strain fresh flower can reach 0.1Kg, and every strain in 2008 reaches 0.4Kg.And do not process generally just had a small amount of fresh flower by 2008.
Embodiment 2
The high-yield cultivating of bearing tree is tested and was carried out in two groups, sweet osmanthus village, sweet osmanthus town, Xianan District in 2007.
The strong tree age of tree of growth potential is the 14 years silver-colored osmanthus of life, plants in level land, and often process 3 trees, repeat 3 times, totally 9 trees, 2006 annual output are 2.5Kg.Processing method is (1) fertilising: for the tree not basal dressing that growth potential is strong, execute pregnant fertilizers for potted flowers 6 ~ August, and every strain tree executes 1:5 concentration night soil 25 ~ 50kg or urea 100 ~ 300g, and along the ditch spread of tree crown drip ring-type, the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm.(2) prune: take band girdle process to the major branch of robust growth, band girdle reaches xylem deeply, width 2 ~ 3mm, band girdle 2 times, April and June, respectively once arriving suppresses to nourish and grow promoted the object of flower bud differentiation.It is 2.8Kg that in September, 2007 calculates output, within 2008,2009, continues to carry out according to management in 2007, and average strain is produced and reached 3.0Kg and 3.4Kg, and the average strain product of unprocessed 3 years is respectively 2.6Kg, 2.7Kg, 2.7Kg.
The tree age of tree that growth potential is weak is the 20 years silver-colored osmanthus of life, plants with on mountain, and because soil is barrenr, Nian Fazhi amount is few, and often process 3 trees, repeat 3 times, totally 9 trees, 2006 annual output are 2.7Kg.
Processing method is pruned for (1): once deeply prune before rudiment in spring, cut off disease branch, deadwood, return contracting for weak branch for many years, stimulates the sprouting of kryptoblast.Only prune once and no longer prune.(2) apply fertilizer: heavy dressing fertilizer is taked for the tree that growth potential is weak and repeatedly applies fertilizer in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer.2006 in spending rear basal dressing 1 time, based on decomposed dung, every strain 100 ~ 150kg, along the ditch spread of tree crown drip ring-type, the degree of depth is 20 ~ 30cm; 3 ~ August in 2007, Growing season executed quick-acting fertilizer 4 ~ 5 times, and every strain tree executes 1:5 concentration night soil, 25 ~ 50kg or urea 300 ~ 500g, and along the ditch spread of tree crown drip ring-type, the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm; Simultaneously every two weeks foliage-spray 0.2% ~ 0.5% urea or 1500 ~ 3000ppm gibberellin.Continuation in 2008,2009 carried out fertilizing management according to 2007, no longer pruned.2007,2008,2009 annual strains produce and reach 3.0Kg, 3.6Kg and 4.0Kg, and the average strain of unprocessed 3 years is produced and is respectively 2.8Kg, 3.0Kg, 3.1Kg.
Claims (2)
1. a sweet osmanthus premature labor Highly effective cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises premature labor cultivation method and bearing tree high-yield cultivating method,
Described premature labor cultivation method step is:
(1) field planting: 2 years raw plant of growth selection stalwartness is highly about 80cm, in autumn and winter or field planting in spring, if field planting in spring suitably will remove partial blade, and not basal dressing;
Line-spacing 200cm, spacing in the rows 150cm, if pump drainage ditch is wanted in level land cultivation;
(2) apply fertilizer: after field planting between 3 ~ October of First Year Growing season, execute a quick-acting fertilizer every 2 months, every strain tree executes 1:5 concentration night soil 3 ~ 5kg or urea 50 ~ 100g, the ditch spread of fertilizing method ring-type, and the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm; Simultaneously every two weeks foliage-spray 0.2% ~ 0.5% urea or 1500 ~ 3000ppm gibberellin; Autumn deep placement base manure once, based on the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, every strain 5 ~ 10kg, the degree of depth is 30 ~ 40cm, ring-type ditch spread;
Increase fertilizing amount 10 ~ 20% at every turn later every year, continuous 2 ~ 3 years, make the ramp of tree body, strive for field planting after 2 ~ 3 years the height of tree reach more than 2.0m;
Later fertilising executes quick-acting fertilizer once respectively at March and July, and every strain tree executes 1:5 concentration night soil 5 ~ 10kg or urea 100 ~ 300g, and simultaneously every two weeks foliage-spray 1500 ~ 3000ppm gibberellin, fertilizing method is the same;
(3) prune: after the height of tree reaches 2.0m, take to draw branch process to major branch before rudiment in spring, angle is become 50-70 degree angle with ground, and take band girdle process to the major branch of robust growth, band girdle reaches xylem deeply simultaneously, width 2 ~ 3mm
Described bearing tree high-yield cultivating method step is:
(1) apply fertilizer: for the tree not basal dressing that growth potential is strong, execute pregnant fertilizers for potted flowers 6 ~ August, every strain tree executes 1:5 concentration night soil 25 ~ 50kg or urea 100 ~ 300g, and along the ditch spread of tree crown drip ring-type, the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm;
Heavy dressing fertilizer is taked for the tree that growth potential is weak and repeatedly applies fertilizer in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer;
Annual in spending rear basal dressing 1 time, based on decomposed dung, every strain 100 ~ 150kg, along the ditch spread of tree crown drip ring-type, the degree of depth is 20 ~ 30cm; 3 ~ August, Growing season executed quick-acting fertilizer 4 ~ 5 times, and every strain tree executes 1:5 concentration night soil, 25 ~ 50kg or urea 300 ~ 500g, and along the ditch spread of tree crown drip ring-type, the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm; Simultaneously every two weeks foliage-spray 0.2% ~ 0.5% urea or 1500 ~ 3000ppm gibberellin,
(2) prune: take band girdle process to the major branch of robust growth, band girdle reaches xylem deeply, width 2 ~ 3mm, band girdle 2 times, April and June are respectively once; Once deeply prune for before the tree rudiment in spring that growth potential is weak, cut off disease branch, deadwood, contracting is returned for weak branch for many years, stimulate the sprouting of kryptoblast.
2. sweet osmanthus premature labor Highly effective cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fertilizer is barnyard manure or cake fertilizer.
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| CN103907464B (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-09-16 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of sweet osmanthus nursery stock quick-growing cultivation method |
| CN104365360A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-02-25 | 苏州市吴中区光福香雪苗圃 | Planting method for osmanthus trees |
| CN106212151A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-14 | 广西陆川县乌坭坡珍珠番石榴专业合作社 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of pearl guava |
| CN106431694A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-02-22 | 全南厚朴生态林业有限公司 | Formula of color-leaf osmanthus fragrans nutrient solution and application method |
| CN106747775A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 全椒凤巢植保专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of long handle gold osmanthus |
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| CN102246644A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2011-11-23 | 深圳市文科园艺实业有限公司 | Cultivation method realizing quick growth of sweet osmanthus |
| CN102919035A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-02-13 | 罗家豪 | Industrialized cultivation method of sweet-scented osmanthus nursery stock |
| CN103053391A (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-04-24 | 李洪运 | Soilless cultivation technology of osmanthus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102246644A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2011-11-23 | 深圳市文科园艺实业有限公司 | Cultivation method realizing quick growth of sweet osmanthus |
| CN103053391A (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-04-24 | 李洪运 | Soilless cultivation technology of osmanthus |
| CN102919035A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-02-13 | 罗家豪 | Industrialized cultivation method of sweet-scented osmanthus nursery stock |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 修剪技术对桂花幼苗生长水分及光合作用日变化的影响;陈洪国;《中国林副特产》;20060430(第4期);第8页第栏第1段 * |
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