CN103418605B - The broken removal of impurities complete device of horizontal rubbish from cooking - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a horizontal kitchen waste crushing and impurity removal complete set device. Including the feeding bag breaking area, the hammer crushing area, the heavy material separation area and the biomass separation area; Type crushing area, the bin body between the outer cylinder screen and the inner cylinder screen is the heavy material separation area, the hammer type crushing area and the heavy material separation area are arranged in a coaxial ring, the inside of the screen drum is the biomass separation area, and the hammer type crushing area is arranged in a coaxial ring. The crushing zone and the biomass separation zone are coaxially arranged. The hammer crushing zone, the heavy material separation zone and the biomass separation zone are all installed in the shell, and the plastic outlet is arranged on the outer shell and outside the biomass separation zone. The invention not only prolongs the service life of the device, improves biomass purification efficiency and biomass biodegradability rate, and the obtained biomass can be directly used for anaerobic fermentation; meanwhile, it also realizes the collection of high-purity recyclable resources such as plastics and metals. The overall structure is compact and the functional areas are clearly defined.

Description

Horizontal kitchen waste crushing and impurity removal complete device

technical field

The invention relates to a garbage pretreatment device, in particular to a horizontal kitchen waste crushing and impurity removal complete set device.

Background technique

With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the generation of domestic waste in our country continues to increase. In 2011, my country's municipal solid waste removal volume reached 164 million tons, making it one of the countries with the most serious waste surrounding cities. At present, eight cities including Beijing and Shanghai have successively carried out pilot work on the sorting and collection of domestic waste, dividing domestic waste into four categories: kitchen waste, recyclable waste, hazardous waste and other waste. As the main component of domestic waste, kitchen waste accounts for 45% to 60% of the total waste; therefore, the reasonable disposal of kitchen waste will become a key factor in whether the source reduction and resource utilization of urban domestic waste classification and collection in my country are sustainable. key limiting factors. It is of great practical significance to develop kitchen waste resource utilization technology and equipment research.

At present, domestic and foreign kitchen waste recycling technologies mainly include three methods: fertilizer, feed, and energy. Kitchen waste energy utilization technology has become a research hotspot and development trend of organic waste treatment and disposal technology at home and abroad because of its ability to reduce food waste and convert biomass waste into clean energy—methane. However, unlike developed countries, the composition of kitchen waste in my country is complex. Affected by the lifestyle of residents, non-biodegradable impurities such as plastics in kitchen waste are as high as 20% to 30%. If the anaerobic fermentation is carried out directly, it will easily lead to the complete collapse of the anaerobic digestion reactor. Therefore, in order to realize the energy utilization technology of kitchen waste in our country, we must first break through the research and development bottleneck of the complete set of technology and equipment for efficient shredding and impurity removal of kitchen waste.

Due to the perfect waste classification system in developed countries, the waste components after classification are single, and the recycling process is relatively simple. Therefore, many foreign waste pretreatment equipment cannot be applied to the waste treatment with complicated components in my country. At present, most of the existing garbage pretreatment equipment in China use unclassified domestic garbage as the processing object, which is not very targeted. During the treatment process, there are problems such as poor bag breaking effect, heavy material wear and tear on equipment, serious plastic bag entanglement, low biomass separation efficiency, uneven discharge particle size and inability to directly perform anaerobic biogas production, etc., which limit its further industry. development. Therefore, in order to realize the direct anaerobic fermentation energy utilization of kitchen waste, it is imperative to develop a set of pretreatment equipment for the characteristics of kitchen waste in my country.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the defects of pretreatment or equipment in the background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a horizontal kitchen waste crushing and impurity removal complete set for the kitchen waste after sorting domestic waste, and obtain an Biomass from marsh, as well as high-purity plastics, metals and other recyclable resources.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The invention includes a feeding bag breaking area, a hammer crushing area, a heavy material separation area and a biomass separation area; It is a hammer crushing area, the bin between the outer drum screen and the inner drum screen is a heavy material separation area, the hammer crushing area and the heavy material separation area are arranged in a coaxial ring, and the inside of the screen drum is a biomass separation area. The hammer crushing area and the biomass separation area are coaxially arranged. The hammer crushing area, the heavy material separation area and the biomass separation area are all installed in the shell. The plastic outlet is arranged in the upper half of the outer shell and is located at outside of the biomass separation zone.

The feeding bag breaking area includes a screw conveyor and a fixed sawtooth knife; the screw conveyor is arranged at the horizontal feed port, and the pipe wall of the discharge port perpendicular to the horizontal feed port is axially arranged with 2~ 4 groups, 2~4 fixed serrated knives in each group.

The hammer-type crushing zone includes impact hammers and inner cylinder screens; there are 3 to 5 groups of impact hammers in the axial direction, and each group has 3 to 6 pieces, which are arranged crosswise on the main drive shaft, and inner cylinder screens are arranged around the impact hammers.

The heavy material separation area includes a spiral knife group, an outer cylindrical sieve and a heavy material discharge port; the spiral knife group is a beveled knife, which is spirally installed on the inner cylindrical sieve, and the outer ring gear on the side of the inner cylindrical sieve and the outer cylindrical sieve The inner ring gear meshes with the gear, and the gear is installed on the main shaft of the screen cylinder motor. The rotation of the screen cylinder motor realizes the coaxial and reverse rotation of the inner cylinder screen and the outer cylinder screen.

The biomass separation area includes a shearing and crushing knife group, a screen cylinder and a plastic scraping plate; there are five sets of shearing and crushing knife groups, each group has 4 to 6 pieces, and the middle three sets of shearing and crushing knife groups are arranged in parallel , The shearing and crushing knife groups at both ends are cross-mounted on the main drive shaft, and the shearing and crushing knife group and the impact hammer are driven by the active motor to rotate on the same axis and at the same speed.

In the feeding bag breaking area, each fixed sawtooth knife is inclined downward by 45°~60° to the wall of the vertical discharge port.

In the above-mentioned hammer crushing zone, the hammer head of the impact hammer is a light hammer head, and the hammer head of the impact hammer is connected with the hammer handle by a hinge. Inclined at 15°~20°, the diameter of the inner cylinder screen is 20mm~30mm.

In the heavy material separation zone, the spiral knife group is spirally arranged on the inner cylinder sieve and rotates coaxially with the inner cylinder sieve, the bevel knife head is inclined 45°~60°, and the distance between the bevel knife tip and the outer cylinder sieve is 10 mm to 20 mm, the distance between the beveled knives is 10 mm to 20 mm, and the diameter of the outer cylinder sieve is 10 mm to 20 mm.

In the biomass separation zone, the blade thickness of the shearing and crushing knives in the shearing and crushing knife group is 2 mm to 4 mm, the inclination angle is 15° to 30°, and the aperture of the screen drum is 10 mm to 20 mm.

Compared with background technology, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is:

The invention not only prolongs the service life of the device, improves the biomass purification efficiency and biomass biodegradability rate, and the obtained biomass can be directly used for anaerobic fermentation; at the same time, it also realizes the recovery of high-purity recyclable resources such as plastics and metals. collect. The overall structure is compact and the functional areas are clearly defined.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a side view of the impact hammer.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shearing and crushing knife.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bevel knife.

In the figure: 1. Screw conveyor, 2. Fixed serrated knife, 3. Feed inlet, 4. Main drive shaft, 5. Screen cylinder motor, 6. Heavy material discharge port, 7. Rack, 8. Biomass Outlet bin, 9. Main shaft motor, 10. Plastic scraper plate, 11. Plastic outlet, 12. Shell, 13. Screen cylinder, 14. Shearing and crushing knife group, 15. Outer cylinder sieve, 16. Inner Drum sieve, 17, impact hammer, 18, spiral knife group.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes four functional areas: feeding bag breaking area A, hammer crushing area B, heavy material separation area C and biomass separation area D; The feed port 3 of the type crushing area B is connected, the inner bin of the inner drum screen 16 is the hammer type crushing area B, the bin body between the outer drum screen 15 and the inner drum screen 16 is the heavy material separation area C, and the hammer type crushing area B and the heavy matter separation area C are arranged in a coaxial ring, the inside of the screen cylinder 13 is the biomass separation area D, the hammer crushing area B and the biomass separation area D are coaxially arranged, the hammer crushing area B, the heavy matter Both the separation zone C and the biomass separation zone D are installed in the casing 12, and the plastic outlet 11 is arranged in the upper half of the outer casing 12, and is located outside the biomass separation zone D.

The feeding bag breaking area A includes a screw conveyor 1 and a fixed sawtooth knife 2; the screw conveyor 1 is arranged at the horizontal feed port, and the pipe wall of the discharge port perpendicular to the horizontal feed port is axially intersected There are 2~4 groups arranged, and each group has 2~4 fixed sawtooth knives 2, and the sawtooth is inclined upward along the vertical direction to ensure full contact with the material, so that the bag breaking effect is better.

The hammer-type crushing area B includes impact hammers 17 and inner drum screens 16; there are 3 to 5 groups of impact hammers 17 in the axial direction, each group has 3 to 6 pieces, and they are arranged crosswise on the main drive shaft 4, and the periphery of the impact hammers 17 The inner drum sieve 16 is set, and the impact hammer 17 and the inner drum screen 16 rotate in reverse to prolong the movement time of the material in the hammer crushing area B.

The heavy material separation zone C includes a screw knife group 18, an outer cylindrical sieve 15 and a heavy material discharge port 6; the screw knife group 18 is a beveled knife group, which is spirally installed on the inner cylinder sieve 16, and the inner cylinder sieve 16 The outer ring gear on the side meshes with the inner ring gear of the outer cylindrical screen 15 and the gear. The gear is installed on the main shaft of the screen drum motor 5. The rotation of the screen drum motor 5 realizes the coaxial and reverse rotation of the inner drum screen 16 and the outer drum screen 15. 16 is the same as the rotational angular velocity of the outer cylinder sieve 15, prolonging the movement time of materials in the heavy material separation zone C, so that the separation effect of glass, pottery, metal and other heavy materials is better.

The biomass separation area D includes a shearing and crushing knife group 14, a screen drum 13 and a plastic scraper 10; the shearing and crushing knife group 14 has five groups in total, each group has 4 to 6 pieces, and the middle three groups are sheared and crushed The knives are arranged in parallel. The shearing and crushing knives at both ends are cross-mounted on the main drive shaft 4. The shearing and crushing knives 14 and the impact hammer 17 are driven by the active motor 9 to rotate coaxially and at the same speed to ensure the movement track of the material.

In the feeding bag breaking area A, each fixed sawtooth knife 2 is inclined downward by 45°~60° to the wall of the vertical discharge port.

As shown in Figure 2, in the hammer crushing zone B, the hammer head of the impact hammer 17 is an improved light hammer head, and the top edge surface of the hammer head is arc-shaped, which fits better with the inner drum screen, and the hammer head of the impact hammer It is hingedly connected with the hammer handle, and the hammer head can reversely avoid 30°~40° along the circumferential direction, reducing the wear of the hammer head and excessive energy loss. The left and right hammer faces of the hammer head are inclined outward by 15°~20°. 20mm~30mm.

As shown in Figure 4, in the heavy material separation zone C, the spiral knife group 18 is spirally arranged on the inner cylinder sieve 16 and rotates coaxially with the inner cylinder sieve. The distance between the tip of the mouth knife and the outer cylinder sieve 15 is 10 mm to 20 mm, the distance between the beveled knife is 10 mm to 20 mm, and the aperture of the outer cylinder 15 is 10 mm to 20 mm.

As shown in Figure 3, in the biomass separation zone D, the blade thickness of the shearing and crushing knife in the shearing and crushing knife group 14 is 2 mm to 4 mm, the inclination angle is 15° to 30°, and the aperture of the screen cylinder 13 is 10mm~20mm.

The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

As shown in Figure 1, the four functional areas of the present invention realize different functions. After the kitchen waste passes through the four functional areas, heavy materials (such as glass, metal, ceramics, stones, etc.), biomass, and plastics can be efficiently recycled. Separated, the functions of the four functional areas are as follows:

(1) Feeding broken bag area:

The kitchen waste is evenly conveyed into the device by the screw conveyor 1, and enters the cylinder along the conveying pipe; 2~4 sets of fixed sawtooth knives 2 are arranged on the inner wall of the conveying pipe obliquely and intersectingly, and the material is vertically separated by gravity and the thrust of the material behind. During the straight downward movement, the blade breaks the plastic bag in the material and preliminarily crushes it, reducing the wrapping of the material by the plastic bag and fully exposing the biomass.

(2) Hammer crushing area:

After the material is broken, it enters the hammer crushing area through the feed port 3, and is broken up by a series of impact hammers 17 (3 to 5 groups in total, 3 to 6 in each group); at the same time, heavy materials such as glass and ceramics are used to Compared with biomass and plastics, the toughness is poor, and it is prone to brittle failure. The heavy material is crushed, and the crushing particle size is controlled between 10-30 mm, and it passes through the inner cylinder sieve 16. In addition, the hammer head of the impact hammer 17 is designed with an inclined angle, which can generate a forward conveying force for the remaining materials, thereby pushing the remaining materials to move to the right and enter the next functional area.

(3) Heavy material separation area:

After the heavy material is crushed to the target particle size, it passes through the inner cylinder sieve 16, stays on the surface of the outer cylinder sieve 15 and mixes with some biomass smaller than 20 mm~30 mm. A group of sharp oblique knives are spirally arranged on the outer wall of the inner cylinder screen. The spiral knife group 18 rotates with the inner cylinder sieve 16 at a low speed, and uses the difference in strength between the biomass and the heavy matter to carry out secondary crushing of the biomass so that its particle size is smaller than the aperture of the outer cylinder sieve 15, and through the outer cylinder sieve 15, the The biomass is collected in the bin 8; while the heavy material cannot be crushed, and the distance between the inclined knives is 10 mm to 20 mm, so that the heavy material cannot pass through the screw knife group 18 and be transported to the left with the rotation of the screw knife group 18. Outlet 6, realize the removal of heavy substances in the mixed material. At the same time, the inner cylinder sieve 7 and the outer cylinder sieve 8 rotate in opposite directions at the same speed, which prolongs the contact time between the material and the beveled knife, so that the separation effect of the material is better. The inner cylindrical screen 7 and the outer cylindrical screen are driven by the screen drum motor 5 through gear transmission.

(4) Biomass separation area:

The biomass and plastics that cannot pass through the inner cylinder sieve 16 are transported to the biomass separation area, where the high-speed rotating shearing and crushing knife group 14 performs shearing-based crushing and punching-assisted crushing, and the biomass is crushed to the sieve. Below the hole diameter of the cylinder, through the screen cylinder 13, the separation of biomass and plastics is realized. At the same time, the shearing and crushing knife group 14 can crush the plastic to a certain extent, preventing the winding of large pieces of plastic. The sieved biomass is collected together with the part of the biomass separated from the front end for subsequent reuse. The plastic is drawn out from the plastic discharge port 11 by the plastic scraper 10 and collected. The shearing and crushing knife group 14 and the impact hammer 17 are all arranged on the main drive shaft 4, driven by the main shaft motor 9, to realize coaxial and coaxial rotation at the same speed. The sieve cylinder 13 is connected with the inner cylinder sieve 16 to realize coaxial and same-speed rotation.

Claims (6)

1. A complete set of horizontal food waste crushing and impurity removal equipment, characterized in that it includes a feeding bag breaking area (A), a hammer crushing area (B), a heavy material separation area (C) and a biomass separation area (D); The outlet of the feeding bag breaking area (A) is connected to the feeding port (3) of the hammer crushing area (B), and the inner chamber of the inner cylinder screen (16) is the hammer crushing area (B) , the bin between the outer cylinder screen (15) and the inner cylinder screen (16) is the heavy material separation area (C), and the hammer crushing area (B) and the heavy material separation area (C) are arranged in a coaxial ring , the inside of the screen cylinder (13) is the biomass separation area (D), the hammer crushing area (B) and the biomass separation area (D) are coaxially arranged, the hammer crushing area (B), the heavy material separation area (C ) and the biomass separation area (D) are installed in the shell (12), and the plastic outlet (11) is arranged in the upper half of the shell (12), and is located outside the biomass separation area (D); The feeding bag breaking area (A) includes a screw conveyor (1) and a fixed sawtooth knife (2); the screw conveyor (1) is arranged at the horizontal feeding port, perpendicular to the horizontal feeding port There are 2 to 4 groups arranged in the axial cross direction of the pipe wall of the discharge port, and each group has 2 to 4 fixed serrated knives (2); The hammer crushing area (B) includes impact hammers (17) and inner drum screens (16); there are 3 to 5 groups of impact hammers (17) in the axial direction, each with 3 to 6 pieces, arranged crosswise on the main drive On the shaft (4), an inner drum sieve (16) is arranged on the periphery of the impact hammer (17); The heavy material separation area (C) includes a spiral knife group (18), an outer cylinder screen (15) and a heavy material discharge port (6); the spiral knife group (18) is a beveled knife group, and the spiral On the inner drum sieve (16), the outer ring gear on the side of the inner drum screen (16) meshes with the inner ring gear of the outer drum screen (15) and the gear, and the gear is installed on the main shaft of the screen drum motor (5), and the screen drum motor (5) The rotation realizes the coaxial and reverse rotation of the inner drum screen (16) and the outer drum screen (15). 2. A complete set of horizontal kitchen waste crushing and impurity removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biomass separation area (D) includes a shearing and crushing knife group (14), a screen drum (13) and plastic scraping plate (10); five groups of shearing and crushing knives (14), 4 to 6 pieces in each group, three sets of shearing and crushing knives in the middle are arranged in parallel, and shearing and crushing knives Cross-mounted on the main drive shaft (4), the shearing and crushing knife group (14) and the impact hammer (17) are driven by the active motor (9) to rotate coaxially and at the same speed. 3. A horizontal kitchen waste crushing and impurity removal complete set device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the feeding bag breaking area (A), each fixed serrated knife (2) is perpendicular to The pipe wall of the outlet is inclined downward by 45°~60°. 4. A complete set of horizontal kitchen waste crushing and impurity removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the hammer crushing area (B), the hammer head of the impact hammer (17) is a light hammer head , the hammer head of the impact hammer is hingedly connected with the hammer handle, the hammer head can reversely avoid 30°~40° along the circumferential direction, the left and right hammer faces of the hammer head are inclined outward by 15°~20°, and the inner cylinder screen (16) has an aperture of 20mm~ 30mm. 5. A complete set of horizontal kitchen waste crushing and impurity removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the heavy material separation area (C), the spiral knife group (18) is spirally arranged in the inner cylinder On the sieve (16), it rotates coaxially with the inner cylinder sieve, the head of the bevel knife is inclined 45°~60°, the distance between the tip of the bevel knife and the outer cylinder sieve (15) is 10 mm~20 mm, and the distance between the bevel knife is 10mm~20mm, and the aperture of the outer cylinder sieve (15) is 10mm~20mm. 6. A horizontal kitchen waste crushing and impurity removal set-up device according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the biomass separation area (D), the shearing and crushing knife group (14) shears The blade thickness of the crushing knife is 2mm~4mm, the inclination angle is 15°~30°, and the aperture of the screen cylinder (13) is 10mm~20mm.