CN103418605B - The broken removal of impurities complete device of horizontal rubbish from cooking - Google Patents

The broken removal of impurities complete device of horizontal rubbish from cooking Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103418605B
CN103418605B CN201310315918.0A CN201310315918A CN103418605B CN 103418605 B CN103418605 B CN 103418605B CN 201310315918 A CN201310315918 A CN 201310315918A CN 103418605 B CN103418605 B CN 103418605B
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China
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disengagement zone
district
screen
living beings
shaft screen
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CN103418605A (en
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吴伟祥
王昊书
胡健
李永超
程志彬
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses the broken removal of impurities complete device of a kind of horizontal rubbish from cooking.Comprise charging bag breaking area, hammer crushing district, heavy substance Disengagement zone and living beings Disengagement zone; The discharging opening of charging bag breaking area is communicated with the charging aperture in hammer crushing district, the interior storehouse of interior shaft screen is hammer crushing district, warehouse between outer shaft screen and interior shaft screen is attached most importance to separating substances district, hammer crushing district and heavy substance Disengagement zone are that coaxial circles ring type is arranged, make a living separating substances district in screen drum inside, hammer crushing district and living beings Disengagement zone are coaxially arranged, hammer crushing district, heavy substance Disengagement zone and living beings Disengagement zone are installed in housing, and plastics discharging opening is arranged in external shell and is positioned at the outside of living beings Disengagement zone.In the service life of the present invention's not only extension fixture, improve living beings purification efficiency and living beings biodegradable rate, the living beings obtained can be directly used in anaerobic fermentation; Also realize the collection of the recyclable resource of the high-purity such as plastics, metal simultaneously.Compact overall structure, function zoning is clearly demarcated.

Description

The broken removal of impurities complete device of horizontal rubbish from cooking
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rubbish pretreatment unit, especially relate to the broken removal of impurities complete device of a kind of horizontal rubbish from cooking.
Background technology
Along with the raising of socioeconomic development and living standards of the people, the generation of China's house refuse continues to increase.2011, China's domestic waste amount of clearing reached 1.64 hundred million tons, became rubbish and surrounded one of the most serious country in city.At present, 8 cities such as Beijing, Shanghai have successively been carried out categorized consumer waste and have been collected pilot work, house refuse are divided into the large class of rubbish from cooking, recyclable rubbish, Harmful Waste and Other Waste four.As the main component of house refuse, rubbish from cooking accounts for 45% ~ 60% of rubbish total amount; Therefore, the reasonable disposal of rubbish from cooking will become China's Classified Collection of Municipal Solid Wastes Sources decreasing and recycling work and whether have the crucial restrictive factor of sustainability.Exploitation rubbish from cooking application technology as the second resource and equipment research have important practical significance.
At present, domestic and international rubbish from cooking resource technology mainly comprises Fertilizer Transformed, fodder, energy three kinds of modes.Rubbish from cooking recovery energy technology, owing to can realizing kitchen waste reduction and biomass waste being changed into the feature of clean energy resource-methane, becomes domestic and international organic garbage treatment disposal technology study hotspot and development trend.But, different from developed country, China's kitchen garbage component is complicated, by the impact of resident living mode, in rubbish from cooking, the non-biodegradable impurity such as plastics is up to 20% ~ 30%, very easily causes anaerobic digestion reaction vessel to entirely collapse if directly carry out anaerobic fermentation without the rubbish from cooking of broken removal of impurities process.Therefore, the research and development bottleneck that first China's rubbish from cooking recovery energy technology must break through rubbish from cooking efficiency crushing removal of impurities pretreatment complete set technique and equipment be realized.
Because developed country's refuse classification system is perfect, after classification, waste component is single, and recycling is relatively simple, therefore a lot of external rubbish pre-processing device cannot be applicable to the numerous and diverse garbage disposal of China's component.At present, domestic existing rubbish pre-processing device is handling object mainly with non-classified house refuse, and specific aim is not strong.Have in processing procedure that broken bag poor effect, heavy substance are serious for equipment attrition, polybag wrapping phenomena serious, living beings separative efficiency is not high, discharging particle diameter is uneven directly cannot carry out the problems such as anaerobic methane production, limit its further industrialized development.Therefore, for realizing the direct anaerobic fermentation recovery energy of rubbish from cooking, a set of pre-processing device for China's rubbish from cooking characteristic is developed imperative.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defect of pretreatment or equipment in background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide the broken removal of impurities complete device of a kind of horizontal rubbish from cooking for the rubbish from cooking after categorized consumer waste, acquisition can be directly used in the living beings of anaerobic methane production, and the recyclable resource such as highly purified plastics, metal.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
The present invention includes charging bag breaking area, hammer crushing district, heavy substance Disengagement zone and living beings Disengagement zone; The discharging opening of charging bag breaking area is communicated with the charging aperture in hammer crushing district, the interior storehouse of interior shaft screen is hammer crushing district, warehouse between outer shaft screen and interior shaft screen is attached most importance to separating substances district, hammer crushing district and heavy substance Disengagement zone are that coaxial circles ring type is arranged, make a living separating substances district in screen drum inside, hammer crushing district and living beings Disengagement zone are coaxially arranged, hammer crushing district, heavy substance Disengagement zone and living beings Disengagement zone are installed in housing, plastics discharging opening is arranged in the first half of external shell, and is positioned at the outside of living beings Disengagement zone.
Described charging bag breaking area, comprises conveying worm and stationary saw serrated knife; Conveying worm is arranged in horizontal feed inlet, and the axial arranged crosswise of the discharging opening tube wall perpendicular with described horizontal feed inlet has 2 ~ 4 groups, often organizes 2 ~ 4 stationary saw serrated knives.
Described hammer crushing district, comprises jump bit and interior shaft screen; Jump bit axially has 3 ~ 5 groups, and often organize 3 ~ 6, arranged crosswise is on main drive shaft, and jump bit periphery arranges interior shaft screen.
Described heavy substance Disengagement zone, comprises circular knife group, outer shaft screen and heavy substance discharging opening; Circular knife group is angle cutter, and spiral is arranged on interior shaft screen, interior shaft screen side external toothing and outer shaft screen ring gear and gears meshing, and gear is arranged on screen drum electric machine main shaft, and in screen drum electric machine rotation realizes, shaft screen and outer shaft screen coaxially reversely rotate.
Described living beings Disengagement zone, comprises shearing-crushing cutter group, screen drum and plastics and scrapes ejecting plate; Shearing-crushing cutter group totally five groups, often organizes 4 ~ 6, and the parallel combination of middle three groups of shearing-crushing cutter groups is arranged, shearing-crushing cutter group intersection in two ends is arranged on main drive shaft, and shearing-crushing cutter group and jump bit are by the coaxial synchronized rotation of active driven by motor.
In described charging bag breaking area, each stationary saw serrated knife and downward-sloping 45 ° ~ 60 ° of vertical discharge spout tube wall.
In described hammer crushing district, jump bit tup is light-duty tup, and jump bit tup and hammer handle are chain connection, and tup along the circumferential direction oppositely can dodge 30 ° ~ 40 °, and outward-dipping 15 ° ~ 20 ° of the tup left and right flat side of a hammer, inner core mesh size is 20mm ~ 30mm.
In described heavy substance Disengagement zone, circular knife group screw arrangement on interior shaft screen, with interior shaft screen coaxial rotating, angle jet blade tilts 45 ° ~ 60 °, angle cutter point of a knife and outer shaft screen spacing are 10 mm ~ 20 mm, and angle cutter spacing is 10mm ~ 20mm, and urceolus mesh size is 10 mm ~ 20mm.
In described living beings Disengagement zone, in shearing-crushing cutter group, shearing-crushing cutter thickness of knife edge is 2 mm ~ 4 mm, and angle of inclination is 15 ° ~ 30 °, and screen drum aperture is 10mm ~ 20mm.
Compared with background technology, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
The present invention not only extends the service life of device, and improve living beings purification efficiency and living beings biodegradable rate, the living beings obtained can be directly used in anaerobic fermentation; Also achieve the collection of the recyclable resource of the high-purity such as plastics, metal simultaneously.Compact overall structure, function zoning is clearly demarcated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is general structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is jump bit side view.
Fig. 3 is shearing-crushing knife structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is angle knife structure schematic diagram.
In figure: 1, conveying worm, 2, stationary saw serrated knife, 3, charging aperture, 4, main drive shaft, 5, screen drum motor, 6, heavy substance discharging opening, 7, frame, 8, living beings discharging bin, 9, spindle motor, 10, ejecting plate scraped by plastics, and 11, plastics discharging opening, 12, housing, 13, screen drum, 14, shearing-crushing cutter group, 15, outer shaft screen, 16, interior shaft screen, 17, jump bit, 18, circular knife group.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes charging bag breaking area A, hammer crushing district B, heavy substance Disengagement zone C and living beings Disengagement zone D tetra-functional areas, the discharging opening of charging bag breaking area A is communicated with the charging aperture 3 of hammer crushing district B, the interior storehouse of interior shaft screen 16 is hammer crushing district B, warehouse between outer shaft screen 15 and interior shaft screen 16 is attached most importance to separating substances district C, hammer crushing district B and heavy substance Disengagement zone C is that coaxial circles ring type is arranged, make a living separating substances district D in screen drum 13 inside, hammer crushing district B and living beings Disengagement zone D is coaxially arranged, hammer crushing district B, heavy substance Disengagement zone C and living beings Disengagement zone D is installed in housing 12, plastics discharging opening 11 is arranged in the first half of external shell 12, and be positioned at the outside of living beings Disengagement zone D.
Described charging bag breaking area A, comprises conveying worm 1 and stationary saw serrated knife 2; Conveying worm 1 is arranged in horizontal feed inlet, the axial arranged crosswise of the discharging opening tube wall perpendicular with described horizontal feed inlet has 2 ~ 4 groups, and often organize 2 ~ 4 stationary saw serrated knives 2, sawtooth is vertically inclined upwardly, ensure fully to contact with material, make broken bag effect better.
Described hammer crushing district B, comprises jump bit 17 and interior shaft screen 16; Jump bit 17 axially has 3 ~ 5 groups, and often organize 3 ~ 6, arranged crosswise is on main drive shaft 4, and jump bit 17 periphery arranges interior shaft screen 16, and jump bit 17 and interior shaft screen 16 reversely rotate, and extends the run duration of material in hammer crushing district B.
Described heavy substance Disengagement zone C, comprises circular knife group 18, outer shaft screen 15 and heavy substance discharging opening 6; Circular knife group 18 is angle cutter group, spiral is arranged on interior shaft screen 16, interior shaft screen 16 side external toothing and outer shaft screen 15 ring gear and gears meshing, gear is arranged on screen drum motor 5 main shaft, in screen drum motor 5 rotates and realizes, shaft screen 16 coaxially reversely rotates with outer shaft screen 15, interior shaft screen 16 is identical with outer shaft screen 15 angular velocity of rotation, extends material in the run duration of heavy substance Disengagement zone C, makes the heavy substance separating effects such as glass, pottery, metal better.
Described living beings Disengagement zone D, comprises shearing-crushing cutter group 14, screen drum 13 and plastics and scrapes ejecting plate 10; Shearing-crushing cutter group 14 totally five groups, often organize 4 ~ 6, the parallel combination of middle three groups of shearing-crushing cutter groups is arranged, shearing-crushing cutter group intersection in two ends is arranged on main drive shaft 4, shearing-crushing cutter group 14 and jump bit 17 drive coaxial synchronized rotation by active motor 9, ensure the movement locus of material.
In described charging bag breaking area A, each stationary saw serrated knife 2 and downward-sloping 45 ° ~ 60 ° of vertical discharge spout tube wall.
As shown in Figure 2, in described hammer crushing district B, jump bit 17 tup is the light-duty tup of modified, tup rim surface is arc-shaped, better agrees with interior shaft screen, and jump bit tup and hammer handle are chain connection, tup along the circumferential direction oppositely can dodge 30 ° ~ 40 °, reduce tup wearing and tearing and energy loss excessive, outward-dipping 15 ° ~ 20 ° of the tup left and right flat side of a hammer, interior shaft screen 16 aperture is 20mm ~ 30mm.
As shown in Figure 4, in described heavy substance Disengagement zone C, circular knife group 18 screw arrangement is on interior shaft screen 16, with interior shaft screen coaxial rotating, angle jet blade tilts 45 ° ~ 60 °, angle cutter point of a knife and outer shaft screen 15 spacing are 10 mm ~ 20 mm, and angle cutter spacing is 10mm ~ 20mm, and outer shaft screen 15 aperture is 10 mm ~ 20mm.
As shown in Figure 3, in described living beings Disengagement zone D, in shearing-crushing cutter group 14, shearing-crushing cutter thickness of knife edge is 2 mm ~ 4 mm, and angle of inclination is 15 ° ~ 30 °, and screen drum 13 aperture is 10mm ~ 20mm.
Operation principle of the present invention is as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, four functional areas of the present invention realize different functions, and rubbish from cooking can realize heavy substance (as glass, metal, pottery, stone etc.) after four functional areas, living beings, the efficient separation of plastics, and the effect of four functional areas is as follows:
(1) charging bag breaking area:
Rubbish from cooking is evenly transported in device by conveying worm 1, enters into cylindrical shell along conveyance conduit; Conveying pipeline inner wall inclination arranged crosswise has 2 ~ 4 groups of stationary saw serrated knives 2, in the process that material moves straight down by the thrust of gravity and material below, polybag in material is carried out broken bag and tentatively fragmentation by blade, reduces polybag for the parcel of material, living beings are fully exposed.
(2) hammer crushing district:
When material is after broken bag, enter hammer crushing district through charging aperture 3, broken up by a series of (totally 3 ~ 5 groups, often organize 3 ~ 6) jump bit 17; Utilize the heavy substance such as glass, pottery compared to living beings, plastics poor toughness simultaneously, easily produce the characteristic of brittle break, heavy substance is carried out fragmentation, broken size controlling between 10-30 mm, through interior shaft screen 16.In addition, the tup flat side of a hammer of jump bit 17 is designed with angle of inclination, can produce carrying capacity forward to remaining material, thus promotes remaining material and move right, and enters next functional areas.
(3) heavy substance Disengagement zone:
After heavy substance is crushed to target grain size, through interior shaft screen 16, stop the living beings outer shaft screen 15 compass screen surface being less than 20 mm ~ 30 mm with part and mix.The angle cutter that screw arrangement one group is sharp on interior shaft screen outer wall.Circular knife group 18, along with interior shaft screen 16 low speed rotation, utilizes living beings different from the intensity of heavy substance, living beings is carried out second-time breakage, makes its particle diameter be less than outer shaft screen 15 aperture, through outer shaft screen 15, collects in living beings discharging bin 8; And heavy substance cannot be broken, simultaneously angle cutter spacing 10 mm ~ 20 mm, makes heavy substance cannot be transported to left heavy substance discharging opening 6 through circular knife group 18 with the rotation of circular knife group 18, realizes heavy substance and remove in mixed material.Simultaneously, shaft screen 7 and outer shaft screen 8 be synchronized reverse rotation, prolongation material and angle cutter time of contact, make feed separation effect better.Interior shaft screen 7 is driven by screen drum motor 5 by gear drive with outer shaft screen.
(4) living beings Disengagement zone:
Living beings Disengagement zone cannot be transported to through the living beings of interior shaft screen 16 and plastics, being undertaken shearing by the shearing-crushing cutter group 14 of High Rotation Speed be main, punching type is auxiliary fragmentation, living beings are crushed to below screen drum aperture, through screen drum 13, realize living beings and be separated with plastics.Meanwhile, plastics can be carried out certain fragmentation by shearing-crushing cutter group 14, prevent the winding of bulk plastic.And the living beings after screening are collected together with the isolated part biological matter in front end, carry out follow-up recycling.Plastics are scraped ejecting plate 10 by plastics and are transferred to from plastics discharging opening 11, collect.Shearing-crushing cutter group 14 and jump bit 17 are all arranged on main drive shaft 4, driven, realize coaxial synchronized rotation by spindle motor 9.Screen drum 13 is connected with interior shaft screen 16, realizes coaxial synchronized rotation.

Claims (6)

1. the broken removal of impurities complete device of horizontal rubbish from cooking, is characterized in that: comprise charging bag breaking area (A), hammer crushing district (B), heavy substance Disengagement zone (C) and living beings Disengagement zone (D), the discharging opening of charging bag breaking area (A) is communicated with the charging aperture (3) of hammer crushing district (B), the interior storehouse of interior shaft screen (16) is hammer crushing district (B), warehouse between outer shaft screen (15) and interior shaft screen (16) is attached most importance to separating substances district (C), hammer crushing district (B) and heavy substance Disengagement zone (C) are arranged for coaxial circles ring type, make a living separating substances district (D) in screen drum (13) inside, hammer crushing district (B) and living beings Disengagement zone (D) are for coaxially arranged, hammer crushing district (B), heavy substance Disengagement zone (C) and living beings Disengagement zone (D) are installed in housing (12), plastics discharging opening (11) is arranged in the first half of housing (12), and be positioned at the outside of living beings Disengagement zone (D),
Described charging bag breaking area (A), comprises conveying worm (1) and stationary saw serrated knife (2); Conveying worm (1) is arranged in horizontal feed inlet, and the axial arranged crosswise of the discharging opening tube wall perpendicular with described horizontal feed inlet has 2 ~ 4 groups, often organizes 2 ~ 4 stationary saw serrated knives (2);
Described hammer crushing district (B), comprises jump bit (17) and interior shaft screen (16); Jump bit (17) axially has 3 ~ 5 groups, and often organize 3 ~ 6, arranged crosswise is on main drive shaft (4), and jump bit (17) periphery arranges interior shaft screen (16);
Described heavy substance Disengagement zone (C), comprises circular knife group (18), outer shaft screen (15) and heavy substance discharging opening (6); Circular knife group (18) is angle cutter group, spiral is arranged on interior shaft screen (16), interior shaft screen (16) side external toothing and outer shaft screen (15) ring gear and gears meshing, gear is arranged on screen drum motor (5) main shaft, and in screen drum motor (5) rotates and realizes, shaft screen (16) coaxially reversely rotates with outer shaft screen (15).
2. the broken removal of impurities complete device of the horizontal rubbish from cooking of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described living beings Disengagement zone (D), comprises shearing-crushing cutter group (14), screen drum (13) and plastics and scrape ejecting plate (10); Shearing-crushing cutter group (14) totally five groups, often organize 4 ~ 6, the parallel combination of middle three groups of shearing-crushing cutter groups is arranged, shearing-crushing cutter group intersection in two ends is arranged on main drive shaft (4), and shearing-crushing cutter group (14) and jump bit (17) drive coaxial synchronized rotation by active motor (9).
3. the broken removal of impurities complete device of the horizontal rubbish from cooking of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described charging bag breaking area (A), each stationary saw serrated knife (2) and downward-sloping 45 ° ~ 60 ° of vertical discharge spout tube wall.
4. the broken removal of impurities complete device of the horizontal rubbish from cooking of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described hammer crushing district (B), jump bit (17) tup is light-duty tup, jump bit tup and hammer handle are chain connection, tup along the circumferential direction oppositely can dodge 30 ° ~ 40 °, outward-dipping 15 ° ~ 20 ° of the tup left and right flat side of a hammer, interior shaft screen (16) aperture is 20mm ~ 30mm.
5. the broken removal of impurities complete device of the horizontal rubbish from cooking of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described heavy substance Disengagement zone (C), circular knife group (18) screw arrangement is on interior shaft screen (16), with interior shaft screen coaxial rotating, angle jet blade tilts 45 ° ~ 60 °, angle cutter point of a knife and outer shaft screen (15) spacing are 10 mm ~ 20 mm, and angle cutter spacing is 10mm ~ 20mm, and outer shaft screen (15) aperture is 10 mm ~ 20mm.
6. the broken removal of impurities complete device of the horizontal rubbish from cooking of one according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described living beings Disengagement zone (D), in shearing-crushing cutter group (14), shearing-crushing cutter thickness of knife edge is 2 mm ~ 4 mm, angle of inclination is 15 ° ~ 30 °, and screen drum (13) aperture is 10mm ~ 20mm.
CN201310315918.0A 2013-07-25 2013-07-25 The broken removal of impurities complete device of horizontal rubbish from cooking Active CN103418605B (en)

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