CN104690063B - Domestic garbage crushing method for separating - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses one way of life refuse breaking method for separating, belong to field of domestic garbage treatment.The method includes: house refuse metering weigh laggard enter rubbish gather materials hole, hydraulic grab is delivered to apron feeder, enter rotary screen through chain scraper conveyor again, screen out super large piece article, oversize enters oversize collection system: after selecting regenerant by manual sorting's platform and magnetic separation, and residue house refuse send landfill yard to fill；Screenings reclaims after metal through the second magnetic separation, leftover materials enter Domestic garbage crushing screening installation and carry out cracking and sorting process, after process, material is divided three classes: particle diameter less than 50mm screenings, sub-elect plastics, can not broken material, wherein 50mm screenings enter screenings collection system enter subsequent technique；The plastics sub-electing enter plastics baling press；The material that can not crush enters oversize collection system, finally enters landfill yard.The method achieving ironware to separate, plastics separate, and fabric separates, organic and inorganic matter broken.

Description

Domestic waste crushing and sorting method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of domestic waste treatment, in particular to a crushing and sorting method for domestic waste.

Background technique

In the domestic waste comprehensive treatment industry, there are many kinds of crushing and winnowing equipment. However, due to the complex composition and special classification of domestic waste in our country, the treatment effect of various equipment is not good. If any kind of crusher and sorting machine is directly used For domestic waste, structural damage to equipment will occur due to the complexity of the waste components. Some common problems limit the development of the domestic waste comprehensive treatment industry, such as: (1) large pieces of plastic in the sieve are manually sorted, and small pieces of plastic are directly landfilled; (2) landfill materials are fluffy Occupies a large space; (3) The plastics selected by the wind are not clean; (4) The leachate is difficult to handle and pollutes the environment.

The current pre-treatment process of domestic waste comprehensive treatment is mostly to enter the material through the grab bucket, enter the sorting platform to manually select the material with too large size, and then enter the drum sieve for screening. directly to landfill. Such a process has the disadvantages of large amount of landfill and waste of recyclable resources.

Contents of the invention

Based on the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a crushing and sorting method for household garbage, which can separate household garbage from iron, plastic, fabric, organic and inorganic matter, and reduce the landfill volume of garbage. , Increase recyclable resources.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for crushing and sorting domestic waste, which includes the following steps:

The domestic waste is weighed and enters the waste collection pit, and is transported to the apron feeder by the hydraulic grab, and then the domestic waste enters the drum screen through the chain conveyor, and the oversized items are screened out, and the sieve of the drum screen enters Sieve collection system: After the recyclables are selected by manual sorting platform and magnetic separation, the remaining domestic waste is sent to the landfill for landfill;

The undersize of the trommel screen is magnetically separated, and after the metal is selected, the remaining material enters the domestic waste crushing and sorting equipment for crushing and sorting. materials, sorted plastics, and unbreakable materials, among which the 50mm undersize enters the undersize collection system and enters the subsequent process; the sorted plastic enters the plastic baler; unbreakable materials enter the oversize collection system, and finally into landfill.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: through the cooperation of the manual sorting platform, magnetic separation, drum screen and domestic waste crushing and sorting equipment, iron separation, plastic separation, fabric separation, and organic and inorganic crushing are realized in the process of processing domestic waste. .

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative work.

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the crushing and sorting method for domestic waste provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of domestic waste crushing and sorting equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a side view schematic diagram of domestic garbage crushing and sorting equipment provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the domestic waste crushing and sorting equipment provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The following clearly and completely describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

As shown in Figure 1, the domestic waste crushing and sorting method provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

The domestic waste is weighed and enters the waste collection pit, and is transported to the apron feeder by the hydraulic grab, and then the domestic waste enters the drum screen through the chain conveyor, and the oversized items are screened out, and the sieve of the drum screen enters Sieve collection system: After the recyclables are selected by manual sorting platform and magnetic separation, the remaining domestic waste is sent to the landfill for landfill;

After the undersize of the trommel screen is recovered by the second magnetic separation, the remaining materials enter the domestic garbage crushing and sorting equipment for crushing and sorting treatment. The crushed and sorted materials are divided into three categories: sieves with a particle size of less than 50 mm; Undersize, sorted plastics, and unbreakable materials, of which 50mm undersize enters the undersize collection system for subsequent processes; sorted plastics enter the plastic baler; unbreakable materials enter the oversize collection system, End up in landfill.

In the above method, the oversized article is an article whose size exceeds 250×250cm. Selected recyclates are metals and/or plastics; non-shredable materials are eg fabrics.

The above method also includes: the material output from the crushing discharge port of the domestic waste crushing and sorting equipment is transported through the crushed material conveyor; the plastic output from the plastic discharge port of the domestic waste crushing and sorting equipment is transported through the plastic conveyor; the domestic waste crushing and sorting The large material output from the large material outlet of the selection equipment is transported by the large material conveyor.

The domestic garbage crushing and sorting method of the present invention is designed for the common problems in the industry, and the method simultaneously realizes the separation of ironware, plastics, fabrics, and crushing of organic and inorganic substances. The process parameters are as follows:

Capacity: 30t/h;

Plastic sorting ratio: 4.5%;

Crushing ratio: 65%;

As far as the current situation of the industry is concerned, the sieve (landfill) accounts for 40% of the total waste disposal, of which the plastic content is measured to account for about 15%, and the domestic waste sorting machine can sort out 30% of the total plastic. For recycling, 65% of the materials are crushed and entered into the subsequent fermentation process, which can reduce the current landfill volume by nearly 70%.

The overall crushing and sorting process of domestic waste in the above method can be realized by the following equipment:

name quantity power Hopper 1 Slab conveyor 1 11 Chain Belt Conveyor 1 15 trommel screen 1 15x2 Oversize collection belt conveyor 1 4 Undersize collection belt conveyor 1 4 Sorting machine feeding belt conveyor 1 5.5 Domestic waste sorting equipment 1 132 Plastic collection belt conveyor 1 1 4 Plastic collection belt conveyor II 1 4 Sorting Machine Fine Material Collection Belt Conveyor 1 11 Sorting machine Large material collection belt conveyor 1 3 Large material transfer belt conveyor 1 1 7.5 Large material transfer belt conveyor II 1 3

In the above method, the household garbage crushing and sorting equipment used is shown in Figures 2 to 4, and the equipment includes:

The box body 1 provided on the base 4 has a feed inlet 7 and a plastic outlet 9 on the top of the box body 1, a crushing outlet 6 on the bottom, and a large material outlet 8 on the lower side;

The rotor 2 is arranged in the box body 1, and is connected with the driving device provided on the base 4, and can be driven by the driving device to rotate in the box body 1;

The grate plate is an arc-shaped plate structure, and is located at the lower part of the box body 1 at a distance of 20 mm from the outer ring of the rotor. Specifically, the grate plate is located on an arc 20 mm away from the outer ring of the rotor.

In the above-mentioned equipment, the rotor 2 has a helical structure, and the rotor with this structure can rotate at a high speed in a helical shape in the box, and at the same time, light plastics are thrown up and discharged at the plastic discharge port 9 on the top of the box while crushing materials.

In the above-mentioned equipment, the grate plate is a semi-circular arc plate with a diameter of 100mm.

In the above-mentioned equipment, the driving device is composed of a motor 5 , a pulley 3 arranged on the rotating shaft of the rotor 2 and a transmission belt connected between the pulleys 3 of the motor 5 .

The above-mentioned equipment also includes: a crushing material conveyor connected to the broken discharge port 6 of the box body; a plastic conveyor connected to the plastic discharge port 9 of the box body; a large material conveyor connected to the large material discharge port of the box body 8 connections.

When the above domestic waste crushing and sorting equipment is used, the domestic waste is sent into the domestic waste sorting equipment box through the belt conveyor, and the separated materials are transported to different places by three belt conveyors after being processed by the equipment. deal with.

This domestic waste crushing and sorting equipment can realize the separation of plastics while crushing materials to achieve the effect of crushing and separation. This equipment has a high crushing ratio and a wide range of materials for crushing. All can be crushed by it, and the equipment is simple in structure, compact in size, easy to operate and maintain. In addition, the particle size of its products is small and uniform, and there is less over-grinding; the plastic separated by this equipment is clean, and due to the high speed of the rotor in the box, the plastic can achieve the effect of dry cleaning in the box. The processing capacity of a single machine is 30t/h, the plastic sorting rate is over 80%, and the power consumption per ton of waste treatment is less than 2.5-3 degrees per ton. The feeding particle size of the equipment can reach up to 600mm, and the discharging particle size can be adjusted, which can be realized by changing grate plates with different apertures according to the process requirements.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily conceive of changes or changes within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A crushing and sorting method for domestic waste, characterized in that it comprises: The domestic waste is weighed and enters the waste collection pit, and is transported to the apron feeder by the hydraulic grab, and then the domestic waste enters the drum screen through the chain conveyor, and the oversized items are screened out, and the sieve of the drum screen enters Sieve collection system: After the recyclables are selected by manual sorting platform and magnetic separation, the remaining domestic waste is sent to the landfill for landfill; After the undersize of the drum screen is recycled by the second magnetic separation, the remaining materials enter the household waste crushing and sorting equipment for crushing and sorting treatment. The materials after crushing and sorting are divided into three categories: undersize with a particle size of less than 50mm , sorted plastics, and unbreakable materials, of which the 50mm undersize enters the undersize collection system and enters the follow-up process; the sorted plastic enters the plastic baler; the unbreakable material enters the oversize collection system, and finally enters the landfill; The domestic garbage crushing and sorting equipment includes: a box body arranged on the base, the top of the box body is provided with a material inlet and a plastic discharge port, the bottom is provided with a crushing discharge port, and the lower side is provided with a large material discharge port The rotor is located in the box and is connected with the driving device on the base, and can be driven by the driving device to rotate in the box; the grate plate is an arc-shaped plate structure and is located in the lower part of the box at a distance from the rotor. 20mm from the outer ring. 2 . The method for shredding and sorting domestic waste according to claim 1 , wherein the oversized item is an item with a size exceeding 250×250 cm. 3 . 3. The domestic waste crushing and sorting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the selected recyclables are metal and/or plastic; The unbreakable material is fabric. 4. The method for shredding and sorting domestic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor has a helical structure. 5. The method for crushing and sorting domestic waste according to claim 1, wherein the grate plate is a semicircular arc plate with a diameter of 100 mm. 6. The domestic waste crushing and sorting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the driving device is composed of a motor, a pulley arranged on the rotating shaft of the rotor, and a pulley connected between the motor and the pulley. Between the transmission belt composition. 7. The domestic waste crushing and sorting method according to claim 1, further comprising: a broken material conveyor connected to the crushing outlet of the box body; a plastic conveyor connected to the box body The plastic discharge port is connected; the large material conveyor is connected with the large material discharge port of the box body. 8. The domestic waste crushing and sorting method according to claim 7, characterized in that the method further comprises: the material output from the crushing outlet of the domestic waste crushing and sorting equipment is transported by a crushing material conveyor; The plastic output from the plastic outlet of the domestic waste crushing and sorting equipment is transported by a plastic conveyor; The large material output from the large material outlet of the domestic waste crushing and sorting equipment is transported by the large material conveyor.