CN108273828B - Comprehensive sorting system for municipal domestic waste - Google Patents

Comprehensive sorting system for municipal domestic waste Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108273828B
CN108273828B CN201810048849.4A CN201810048849A CN108273828B CN 108273828 B CN108273828 B CN 108273828B CN 201810048849 A CN201810048849 A CN 201810048849A CN 108273828 B CN108273828 B CN 108273828B
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crushing
oversize
screening
undersize
discharge port
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CN108273828A (en
Inventor
刘建伟
陈雪威
田洪钰
徐嵩
高柳堂
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/13Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft and combined with sifting devices, e.g. for making powdered fuel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B15/00Combinations of apparatus for separating solids from solids by dry methods applicable to bulk material, e.g. loose articles fit to be handled like bulk material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2201/00Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
    • B02C2201/06Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste, which comprises: the device comprises a crushing and screening integrated machine, a first magnetic separation area, a second magnetic separation area and an air separation area; the crushing and screening integrated machine comprises an oversize material discharge port and an undersize material discharge port; the crushing and screening integrated machine is used for crushing and screening the garbage and then dividing the garbage into oversize products and undersize products; wherein the undersize products are discharged through the undersize product discharge port and are separated and accumulated through the first magnetic separation zone; and the oversize products are discharged through the oversize product discharge port and sequentially pass through the second magnetic separation area and the air separation area for separation. Through crushing and screening all-in-one with crushing and screening concentrate to a machine in, refuse treatment is efficient, and the rubbish through crushing, screening processing carries out different sorting stages respectively, selects separately the precision height, has good application prospect.

Description

Comprehensive sorting system for municipal domestic waste
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a comprehensive sorting system for municipal domestic waste.
Background
With the rapid development of urbanization, the variety and production of municipal solid waste are increasing, the municipal solid waste treatment mode is developing, and the resource recovery and reuse of municipal solid waste become the main trend of municipal solid waste treatment. The municipal domestic waste is recycled according to the property of the domestic waste, so that the waste is changed into valuable, and the method is beneficial to the society and the country. To realize the recycle of rubbish, at first classify rubbish, though advocate people at present and throw rubbish into corresponding dustbin according to the suggestion on the dustbin when abandoning rubbish, people abandon rubbish according to categorised suggestion seldom in actual life.
The existing garbage sorting technical method mainly adopts a single sorting technology such as magnetic separation, air separation, roller screening and the like, but the sorting efficiency of the single sorting technology is not high and is generally not more than 65%, wherein the sorting rate of recyclable substances is not more than 30%. The efficiency and the effect of the single separation technology are lower, and the requirement of the resource treatment of the municipal solid waste can not be met.
Therefore, how to provide a comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste is a problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a comprehensive sorting system for municipal domestic waste, crushing and screening are integrated into one machine through a crushing and screening integrated machine, the waste treatment efficiency is high, and the crushed and screened waste is respectively subjected to different sorting stages, so that the sorting precision is high, and the application prospect is wide.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an integrated sorting system for municipal solid waste, comprising: the device comprises a crushing and screening integrated machine, a first magnetic separation area, a second magnetic separation area and an air separation area; the crushing and screening integrated machine comprises an oversize material discharge port and an undersize material discharge port;
the crushing and screening integrated machine is used for crushing and screening the garbage and then dividing the garbage into oversize products and undersize products; wherein, the undersize is discharged through an undersize discharge port and is separated and accumulated through a first magnetic separation area; oversize products are discharged through an oversize product discharge port and sequentially pass through a second magnetic separation area and an air separation area for separation.
Preferably, the crushing and screening all-in-one machine comprises: a screen cylinder; wherein the bottom of the screen drum is provided with an undersize discharge port and an oversize discharge port; a feed port is arranged at the top end of the outer part of the screen cylinder; a transmission shaft is arranged in the screen drum; a plurality of breaking hammers are fixed on the transmission shaft; the transmission shaft and the breaking hammer are driven by the speed reducer and the motor to rotate, and the production capacity of the transmission shaft and the breaking hammer is 30-50 t/h.
Preferably, the included angle between the screen cylinder and the horizontal plane is 6-10 degrees.
Preferably, the motor is fixed to the bracket.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a dust shield; the dust-proof cover is arranged outside the screen drum.
Preferably, the first magnetic separation zone is located below the undersize discharge port and the first magnetic separation zone comprises: the magnetic device comprises a first magnetic plate and a plurality of first magnet blocks fixed on the surface of the first magnetic plate; a percolate filter plate is arranged at the lower left of the first magnetic plate; the bottom of the percolate filter plate is provided with a percolate return pipe.
Preferably, the second magnetic separation zone is located to the right of the oversize discharge outlet and the second magnetic separation zone comprises: a conveyor belt; the second magnetic plate is arranged at the top of the conveyor belt in parallel; the bottom surface of the second magnetic plate is fixed with a plurality of second magnet blocks.
Preferably, one end of the transmission shaft is fixed on the left side of the crushing and screening integrated machine through a fixing block; the other end of the crushing and screening integrated machine penetrates through the right machine body of the crushing and screening integrated machine and is sequentially connected with the speed reducer and the motor; the motor is fixed through a bracket; wherein, the bottom of support is fixed with the second magnetic sheet.
Preferably, the included angle between the first magnetic plate and the horizontal plane is 25-35 degrees; the angle between the second magnetic plate and the horizontal plane is 45-55 degrees; a plurality of first magnet blocks are uniformly fixed on the first magnetic plate; a plurality of second magnet blocks are uniformly fixed on the second magnetic plate; the size of the first magnet block is smaller than that of the second magnet block, and the number of the first magnet blocks per unit area is larger than that of the second magnet blocks per unit area.
Preferably, the left end of the guide plate 7 is connected with an organic matter collecting box 6.
Preferably, the deflector 7 encloses with the housing a combustible collecting channel 8.
Preferably, the air separation zone comprises: a fan located below the top end of the conveyor belt.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the comprehensive sorting system for the municipal domestic garbage is provided, different sorting of garbage with different particle sizes and different weights is realized through the first magnetic separation area, the second magnetic separation area and the air separation area, and the sorting precision is effectively improved.
Moreover, the crushing and screening integrated machine disclosed by the invention combines the garbage crushing and screening processes together, thereby greatly saving the time and space for garbage treatment and improving the treatment efficiency.
Therefore, in conclusion, the comprehensive sorting system for the municipal solid waste provided by the invention has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the crushing and screening all-in-one machine provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first magnetic selection region according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second magnetic selection area provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An integrated sorting system for municipal solid waste, comprising: the crushing and screening integrated machine comprises a crushing and screening integrated machine 1, a first magnetic separation area, a second magnetic separation area and an air separation area 5; the crushing and screening integrated machine 1 comprises an oversize product discharge port 110 and an undersize product discharge port 109;
the crushing and screening integrated machine 1 is used for crushing and screening the garbage and then dividing the garbage into oversize products and undersize products; wherein, the undersize is discharged through an undersize discharge outlet 109 and is separated and accumulated through a first magnetic separation area; oversize is discharged through oversize discharge 110 and is separated in turn by a second magnetic separation zone and an air separation zone 5.
The comprehensive sorting system for the municipal domestic waste integrates the crushing and screening processing steps into the crushing and screening integrated machine, so that the time and the space for waste treatment are greatly saved, different sorting treatments are respectively carried out on the obtained oversize products and undersize products, the sorting precision is improved, and a foundation is laid for subsequent recycling treatment.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the crushing and screening all-in-one machine 1 comprises: a screen cylinder 103; wherein the bottom of the screen drum 103 is provided with an undersize discharge port 109 and an oversize discharge port 110; a feeding port 101 is arranged at the top end of the outer part of the screen drum 103; a transmission shaft 106 is arranged inside the screen drum 103; a plurality of breaking hammers 107 are fixed on the transmission shaft 106; the transmission shaft 106 and the breaking hammer 107 synchronously rotate under the driving of the speed reducer 105 and the motor 104, and the production capacity is 30-50 t/h.
The crushing and screening integrated machine provided by the invention integrates crushing and screening into one machine, thereby greatly saving the time and space for garbage treatment and improving the treatment efficiency.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the included angle between the screen drum 103 and the horizontal plane is 6-10 degrees.
To further optimize the solution, the motor 104 is fixed to the bracket 111.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the method further comprises: a dust-separation hood 102; the dust-proof cover 102 covers the outside of the screen drum 103 to prevent the internal dust from being discharged outside the apparatus.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the first magnetic separation zone is located below the undersize discharge port 109, and the first magnetic separation zone comprises: a first magnetic plate 2 and a plurality of first magnet blocks 201 fixed to the surface of the first magnetic plate 2; a percolate filter plate 12 is arranged at the lower left of the first magnetic plate 2; the bottom of the percolate filter plate 12 is provided with a percolate return pipe 606.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the second magnetic separation zone is located at the right side of the oversize product discharge port 110, and the second magnetic separation zone includes: a conveyor belt 4; the second magnetic plate 3 is arranged on the top of the conveyor belt 4 in parallel; the second magnet blocks 301 are fixed to the bottom surface of the second magnetic plate 3.
The conveyor belt 4 includes: a first horizontal portion and a first inclined portion; the second magnetic plate 3 includes a second horizontal portion and a second inclined portion; the first horizontal part and the second horizontal part are arranged in parallel, and the first inclined part and the second inclined part are arranged in parallel.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, one end of a transmission shaft 106 is fixed on the left side of the crushing and screening all-in-one machine 1 through a fixing block 108; the other end of the crushing and screening integrated machine 1 penetrates through the right machine body of the crushing and screening integrated machine and is sequentially connected with a speed reducer 105 and a motor 104; the motor 104 is fixed by a bracket 111; wherein, the bottom end of the bracket 111 is fixed with the second magnetic plate 3.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, an included angle between the first magnetic plate 2 and the horizontal plane is 25-35 degrees; the angle between the second magnetic plate 3 and the horizontal plane is 45-55 degrees; a plurality of first magnet blocks 201 are uniformly fixed on the first magnetic plate 2; a plurality of second magnet blocks 301 are uniformly fixed on the second magnetic plate 2; the size of the first magnet block 201 is smaller than that of the second magnet block 301, and the number of the first magnet blocks 201 per unit area is larger than that of the second magnet blocks 301 per unit area.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the air separation zone 5 comprises: a fan located below the top end of the conveyor belt 4.
The undersize materials discharged from the undersize material discharge port are separated into small-particle-size iron-containing substances through a first magnetic separation area, and the small-particle-size iron-containing substances wait for subsequent landfill treatment; after the oversize material discharged from the oversize material discharge port is separated into iron-containing materials with large particle size by the second magnetic separation area, combustible materials and organic materials with different weights in the oversize material are separated by the air separation area, wherein the organic materials enter the organic material collecting box 6 for subsequent treatment, and the combustible materials enter the combustible material collecting channel 8 for subsequent recycling and treatment.
It should be noted that all the expressions regarding the orientation, such as up, down, left, right, etc., discussed in the present invention are based on the direction of the process flow of the garbage disposal.
The integrated sorting system provided by the present invention is further described below in connection with the processing of waste.
The household garbage after the recoverable objects such as plastics, metals and the like which are manually and primarily sorted enters a screen drum of the crushing and screening integrated machine through a feeding port, the particle size of the garbage after being crushed by a crushing hammer is smaller than 30mm, wherein the garbage with the particle size of 10-30 mm is discharged from an oversize object discharge port as oversize objects and is descended onto a conveyor belt, and the garbage with the particle size of smaller than 10mm is discharged into an undersize object discharge port through the screen drum as undersize objects.
The undersize materials slide to a first magnetic plate of the comprehensive separation area through an undersize material outlet, wherein the small-particle-size iron-containing materials are adsorbed on the surface of a first magnet block; under the action of gravity, inorganic substances such as residue soil, sand and stone, cullet and the like in the undersize materials slowly slide to the bottom of the first magnetic plate and are gradually accumulated, and the cleaning and landfill treatment is regularly carried out; the garbage percolate flowing out of the screen drum flows onto a percolate filter plate through a first magnetic plate, is collected by a percolate return pipe after penetrating through the percolate filter plate, and is sent into an organic matter collecting box for waiting for subsequent treatment; the iron-containing substance adsorbed by the first magnet block is periodically recovered.
The oversize materials are gradually lifted after falling to the conveyor belt, in the lifting process, the large-particle-size iron-containing substances in the oversize materials are adsorbed on the second magnet block, and the rest oversize materials continue to move to the top end of the conveyor belt and fall in sequence; due to different weights of organic matters and combustible matters in the oversize materials, the movement path is deviated under the action of wind power of the first fan which inclines upwards, but the path deviation degrees of the organic matters and the combustible matters are different. The weight of organic matters such as kitchen garbage with higher water content in oversize materials is larger than that of combustible materials such as leaves, cloth pieces, straws and weeds, under the same wind action condition, the organic matters are less influenced by the wind action of the fan in the inclined direction, the movement path of the organic matters is only slightly deviated, meanwhile, under the assistance action of the guide plate, the organic matters can smoothly fall into the organic matter collecting box to wait for subsequent treatment, and the combustible materials such as the leaves, the cloth pieces, the straws and the weeds with lower weight continue to move forwards in a parabolic path and finally fall into the combustible material collecting channel to be gradually accumulated.
The comprehensive sorting system for the municipal solid waste provided by the invention has the advantages that the resource recovery and utilization rate of organic matters, combustible matters and magnets in the waste can reach more than 95%, and the comprehensive sorting system has wide application prospect.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a municipal solid waste synthesizes sorting system which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a crushing and screening integrated machine (1), a first magnetic separation area, a second magnetic separation area, a wind separation area (5), an organic matter collecting box (6), a guide plate (7) and a combustible collecting channel (8); the crushing and screening integrated machine (1) comprises an oversize material discharge port (110) and an undersize material discharge port (109);
the crushing and screening integrated machine (1) is used for crushing and screening the garbage and then dividing the garbage into oversize products and undersize products; wherein the undersize is discharged through the undersize discharge outlet (109) and is separated and accumulated through the first magnetic separation zone; the oversize products are discharged through the oversize product discharge port (110) and sequentially pass through the second magnetic separation area and the air separation area (5) for separation;
the crushing and screening all-in-one machine (1) comprises: the screen cylinder (103) and the included angle between the screen cylinder (103) and the horizontal plane is 6-10 degrees; wherein the bottom of the screen drum (103) is provided with the undersize discharge port (109) and the oversize discharge port (110); a feeding port (101) is arranged at the top end of the outer part of the screen drum (103); a transmission shaft (106) is arranged in the screen drum (103); a plurality of breaking hammers (107) are fixed on the transmission shaft (106); the transmission shaft (106) and the breaking hammer (107) are driven by the speed reducer (105) and the motor (104) to synchronously rotate; the garbage is crushed by the crushing hammer and then has the particle size of less than 30mm, wherein the garbage with the particle size of 10-30 mm is discharged from an oversize material discharge port as oversize material and falls onto a conveyor belt, and the garbage with the particle size of less than 10mm is discharged into an undersize material discharge port through a screen drum;
the first magnetic separation zone is located below the undersize discharge outlet (109), and the first magnetic separation zone comprises: a first magnetic plate (2) and a plurality of first magnet blocks (201) fixed on the surface of the first magnetic plate (2); a percolate filter plate (12) is arranged at the lower left of the first magnetic plate (2); a percolate return pipe (606) is arranged at the bottom of the percolate filter plate (12);
the second magnetic separation zone is located to the right of the oversize discharge outlet (110), and the second magnetic separation zone comprises: a conveyor belt (4); the second magnetic plate (3) is arranged at the top of the conveyor belt (4) in parallel; a plurality of second magnet blocks (301) are fixed on the bottom surface of the second magnetic plate (3);
the included angle between the first magnetic plate (2) and the horizontal plane is 25-35 degrees; the angle between the second magnetic plate (3) and the horizontal plane is 45-55 degrees;
the organic matter collecting box (6) is positioned at the right side of the conveyor belt (4); the left end of the guide plate (7) is connected with the organic matter collecting box (6); the guide plate (7) and the shell are enclosed into a combustible collecting channel (8), and the combustible collecting channel (8) is positioned on the right side of the guide plate (7); under the assistance of the guide plate (7), the organic matters of the oversize materials can smoothly fall into the organic matter collecting box (6) for subsequent treatment, and the combustible materials with smaller weight in the oversize materials continue to move forwards in a parabolic path and finally fall into the combustible material collecting channel (8) for gradual accumulation.
2. The comprehensive municipal solid waste sorting system according to claim 1, further comprising: a dust shield (102); the dust separation cover (102) is arranged outside the screen drum (103).
3. The comprehensive sorting system of municipal solid waste according to claim 1, wherein one end of the transmission shaft (106) is fixed to the left side of the crushing and screening all-in-one machine (1) by a fixing block (108); the other end of the crushing and screening integrated machine penetrates through a right machine body of the crushing and screening integrated machine (1) and is sequentially connected with the speed reducer (105) and the motor (104); the motor (104) is fixed through a bracket (111); wherein the bottom end of the bracket (111) is fixed with the second magnetic plate (3).
4. The municipal solid waste comprehensive sorting system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the first magnet blocks (201) are uniformly fixed on the first magnetic plate (2); a plurality of second magnet blocks (301) are uniformly fixed on the second magnetic plate (3); the size of the first magnet block (201) is smaller than that of the second magnet block (301), and the number of the first magnet blocks (201) per unit area is larger than that of the second magnet blocks (301).
5. The municipal solid waste comprehensive sorting system according to claim 1, wherein the winnowing area (5) comprises: and the fan is positioned below the top end of the conveyor belt (4).
CN201810048849.4A 2018-01-18 2018-01-18 Comprehensive sorting system for municipal domestic waste Active CN108273828B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109504492B (en) * 2018-12-27 2020-05-22 邯郸学院 Device for preparing fuel by utilizing garbage material
CN110639816A (en) * 2019-09-29 2020-01-03 保定市方正机械厂 Multifunctional comprehensive household garbage sorting machine

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CN202942957U (en) * 2012-12-17 2013-05-22 陈喆 Integrated garbage crushing and sorting machine
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CN204485967U (en) * 2015-02-12 2015-07-22 深圳市龙吉顺实业发展有限公司 Integral type garbage crushing device
CN106031925A (en) * 2015-03-11 2016-10-19 北京昌东科技有限公司 Processing technology for harmlessly reducing city garbage and converting city garbage into resources
CN206046251U (en) * 2016-08-22 2017-03-29 吴慧英 A kind of rare earth purifying plant
CN206526935U (en) * 2017-01-18 2017-09-29 深圳市洁亚环保产业有限公司 A kind of garbage magnetic separator

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2541055Y (en) * 2002-05-13 2003-03-26 丁世普 Double-belt magnetic separator
CN2714165Y (en) * 2004-08-06 2005-08-03 北京厨房设备集团公司 Sorting machine for domestic refuse
CN202942957U (en) * 2012-12-17 2013-05-22 陈喆 Integrated garbage crushing and sorting machine
CN104690063A (en) * 2015-01-05 2015-06-10 桑德环境资源股份有限公司 Crushing and sorting method of domestic garbage
CN204485967U (en) * 2015-02-12 2015-07-22 深圳市龙吉顺实业发展有限公司 Integral type garbage crushing device
CN106031925A (en) * 2015-03-11 2016-10-19 北京昌东科技有限公司 Processing technology for harmlessly reducing city garbage and converting city garbage into resources
CN206046251U (en) * 2016-08-22 2017-03-29 吴慧英 A kind of rare earth purifying plant
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