CN103611614B - The broken removal of impurities complete device of vertical rubbish from cooking - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical kitchen waste crushing and impurity removal complete device. Including the heavy matter separation area, the biomass crushing area and the biomass separation area; the outlets on both sides of the lower end of the heavy matter separation area are connected to the heavy matter discharge hopper, and the middle outlet at the lower end of the heavy matter separation area is connected to the bottom of the biomass crushing area. The feed port of the cylinder is connected, the discharge port of the biomass crushing area is connected with the feed port of the biomass separation area, and a plastic discharge port is arranged on the upper part of the biomass separation area, and the biomass crushing area and the biomass separation area are coaxial Installed in the lower barrel. The present invention maintains the original particle size separation of heavy substances such as glass, not only ensures the orderly follow-up treatment, prolongs the service life of the device, improves the biomass purification efficiency and biomass biodegradability rate, and the obtained biomass can be directly used in Anaerobic fermentation also realizes the collection of high-purity recyclable resources such as plastics and metals, laying the foundation for efficient energy utilization of kitchen waste.

Description

Vertical kitchen waste crushing and impurity removal complete device

technical field

The invention relates to a kitchen waste pretreatment device, in particular to a vertical kitchen waste crushing and impurity removal complete set device.

Background technique

With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the generation of domestic waste in our country continues to increase. In 2011, my country's municipal solid waste removal volume reached 164 million tons, making it one of the countries with the most serious waste surrounding cities. At present, eight cities including Beijing and Shanghai have successively carried out pilot work on the sorting and collection of domestic waste, dividing domestic waste into four categories: kitchen waste, recyclable waste, hazardous waste and other waste. As the main component of domestic waste, kitchen waste accounts for 45% to 60% of the total waste; therefore, the development of kitchen waste resource utilization technology and equipment research has important practical significance. At present, among domestic and foreign kitchen waste recycling technologies, kitchen waste energy utilization technology has become a research topic in domestic and foreign organic waste treatment and disposal technologies due to its ability to reduce kitchen waste and convert biomass waste into clean energy—methane. hotspots and development trends. However, the composition of kitchen waste in my country is complex, and non-biodegradable impurities such as plastics are as high as 20% to 30%. If anaerobic fermentation is carried out directly, it will easily lead to the complete collapse of the anaerobic digestion reactor. Therefore, in order to realize the energy utilization technology of kitchen waste in our country, we must first break through the research and development bottleneck of the complete set of technology and equipment for efficient shredding and impurity removal of kitchen waste.

Due to the perfect waste classification system in developed countries, the waste components after classification are single, and the recycling process is relatively simple. Therefore, many foreign waste pretreatment equipment cannot be applied to the waste treatment with complicated components in my country. At present, most of the existing garbage pretreatment equipment in China use unclassified domestic garbage as the processing object, which is not very targeted. During the treatment process, there are problems such as poor bag breaking effect, heavy material wear and tear on equipment, serious plastic bag entanglement, low biomass separation efficiency, uneven discharge particle size and inability to directly perform anaerobic biogas production, etc., which limit its further industry. development. Therefore, in order to realize the direct anaerobic fermentation energy utilization of kitchen waste, it is imperative to develop a set of pretreatment equipment for the characteristics of kitchen waste in my country.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the defects of pretreatment or equipment in the background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a complete set of vertical kitchen waste crushing and impurity removal equipment, which can obtain high-purity biomass that can be directly used for anaerobic biogas production, and high-purity Plastic, metal and other recyclable resources; at the same time, avoid heavy substances in the material from wearing and tearing the equipment.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The invention includes a heavy matter separation area, a biomass crushing area and a biomass separation area; the outlets on both sides of the lower end of the heavy matter separation area are connected to the heavy matter discharge hopper, and the middle outlet at the lower end of the heavy matter separation area is connected to the biomass crushing area The feed port of the lower cylinder is connected, the discharge port of the biomass crushing area is connected with the feed port of the biomass separation area, and there is a plastic discharge port on the upper part of the biomass separation area, the biomass crushing area and the biomass separation area Coaxially installed in the lower barrel.

The heavy material separation area includes a garbage feeding port, a selective crushing roller, an upper box body, a pair of dividing rollers, a pair of slide rails and a baffle plate; a garbage feeding port is provided at the mouth of the upper box body , the selective crushing roller shaft is installed between the two sides of the upper part of the upper box body, the selective crushing roller shaft is equipped with a selective crushing roller, and the selective crushing roller is installed in 4~8 sets of avoiding sawtooth along the radial direction. Knives, each group has 20~30 avoiding serrated knives evenly distributed along the axial direction; the other side of the upper part of the upper box is equipped with a baffle inclined downward toward the selected crushing roller; the middle of the box on both sides of the lower part of the upper box Equipped with a pair of dialing rollers, each pair of dialing rollers are equipped with eccentric rollers, the two ends of the eccentric roller shaft are respectively connected with the dialing roller shafts at both ends through connecting rods, and the eccentric rollers are arranged along the radial direction. 4~8 groups of material rods are installed separately, each group has 20~30 material distribution rods of equal number along the axial direction, and the material distribution rods on the two eccentric rollers are interlaced and inserted into each other; a pair of distribution rollers The two sides of the cylinder are covered with arc-shaped slide rails respectively, and the material distribution rods on a pair of dividing rollers are interlaced and inserted into the arc-shaped slide rails on both sides; the motor shaft of the same motor The pulleys of the belt and the first pulley of the selected crushing roller drive the selected crushing roller to rotate respectively, and the second pulley drives the dividing roller installed on the dividing roller shaft to rotate.

The biomass crushing area includes the feed inlet of the lower cylinder, the cylindrical screen drum, the main shaft and the biomass crushing knife group; the upper end of the cylindrical screen drum is externally connected to the middle discharge port at the lower end of the heavy material separation area, and the cylindrical screen drum The lower end of the cylinder is connected to the large end of the conical screen cylinder through the hopper; the upper end of the main shaft is connected to the bottom of the upper box by rotation. The small end is rotationally connected with the bottom of the lower cylinder; 3~6 groups of biomass crushing knife groups are arranged in the cylindrical screen cylinder along the axial direction, each group has 4~8 pieces of knives, and each group of biomass crushing knife groups is connected with the main shaft key .

The biomass separation area includes a conical screen cylinder, an impeller and a biomass discharge bin; in the conical screen cylinder, the lower end of the main shaft from top to bottom is sequentially equipped with an impeller and a pulley, and the pulley passes through the belt and the lower cylinder. The output shaft of the main shaft motor outside the body is connected, and the biomass discharge bin is located at the bottom of the lower cylinder.

In the heavy material separation area, the bottom end of the avoidance serrated knife in the crushing roller is selected to be connected with the knife holder with a pin; the middle part of the torsion spring is connected to the avoidance sawtooth knife through the slot at the bottom end of the avoidance sawtooth knife for connection and positioning. The two ends of the torsion spring are connected and fixed with the knife rest; the knife rest is fixed on the selected crushing roller by bolts, and the distance between the teeth of the serrated knife is 25 mm to 30 mm; the two dividing rollers are respectively driven by gears. .

In the heavy material separation zone, the two dividing rollers rotate at the same speed in opposite directions, the distance between the material distribution rods is 25 mm to 30 mm, and the distance between the slide rails is 25 mm to 30 mm .

In the biomass crushing area, the crushing blades are fixed on the cutter head with bolts, the cutter head and the main shaft are connected by splines, and the blade thickness of the crushing blade is 2 mm to 4 mm; a cylindrical screen cylinder is arranged around the biomass crushing knife group , the aperture is 10 mm to 20 mm.

In the biomass separation zone, the diameter of the conical screen drum is 10 mm to 20 mm; the plastic outlet is arranged along the circumferential direction of the screen drum.

Compared with background technology, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is:

The present invention maintains the original particle size separation of heavy substances such as glass, not only ensures the orderly follow-up treatment, prolongs the service life of the device, improves the biomass purification efficiency and biomass biodegradability rate, and the obtained biomass can be directly used in Anaerobic fermentation also realizes the collection of high-purity recyclable resources such as plastics and metals, laying the foundation for efficient energy utilization of kitchen waste.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a top view of the selected crushing roller.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the dividing roller.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the dividing roller.

Fig. 5 is a front view of the upper box.

Figure 6 is a rear view of the upper case.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the biomass crushing knife group.

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the impeller.

Fig. 9 is the front view of avoiding the serrated knife.

Fig. 10 is the right side view of avoiding the serrated knife.

In the figure: 1. Garbage feeding port, 2. Select crushing roller, 3. Upper box body, 4. Distributing roller, 5. Slide rail, 6. Lower cylinder feeding port, 7. Cylindrical Screen cylinder, 8, lower cylinder, 9, main shaft, 10, conical screen cylinder, 11, main shaft motor, 12, baffle plate, 13, heavy material discharge hopper, 14, biomass crushing knife group, 15, plastic discharge Mouth, 16, impeller, 17, biomass discharge bin, 18, pulley, 19, motor shaft, 20, dividing roller shaft, 21, gear, 2-1, avoiding sawtooth knife, 2-2, selective crushing Roller shaft, 2-3, knife rest, 2-4, torsion spring, 4-1, material distribution rod, 4-2, eccentric roller, 14-1, crushing blade, 14-2, cutter head.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes a heavy matter separation area, a biomass crushing area, and a biomass separation area; the outlets on both sides of the lower end of the heavy matter separation area are connected to the heavy matter discharge hopper, and the middle of the lower end of the heavy matter separation area is discharged The outlet is connected to the feed port of the lower cylinder of the biomass crushing area, and the discharge port of the biomass crushing area is connected to the feed port of the biomass separation area. There is a plastic discharge port on the upper part of the biomass separation area. The area and the biomass separation area are coaxially installed in the lower cylinder to realize continuous crushing and impurity removal of kitchen waste.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, and Fig. 5, the heavy material separation area A includes a garbage feeding port 1, a selective crushing roller 2, an upper box body 3, and a pair of dividing rollers Cylinder 4, a pair of slide rails 5 and baffles 12; the mouth of the upper box 3 is provided with a garbage feeding port 1, and a selective crushing roller shaft 2-2 is installed between the boxes on the upper side of the upper box 3 , the crushing roller shaft 2-2 is equipped with a selective crushing roller 2, and the selective crushing roller 2 is installed in 4~8 groups of avoiding serrated knives 2-1 along the radial direction, and each group is evenly distributed along the axial direction with 20~30 The avoidance sawtooth knife 2-1, the other side of the upper part of the upper box 3 is equipped with a baffle plate 12 inclined downward toward the selective crushing roller 2; a pair of dividing rollers are installed in the middle of the boxes on both sides of the lower part of the upper box 3 4. A pair of dividing rollers 4 are equipped with eccentric rollers 4-2 respectively. The two ends of the eccentric roller shafts are respectively connected with the dividing roller shafts at both ends through connecting rods. The eccentric rollers 4-2 are radially Install 4-8 components of material rods 4-1 in equal parts, each group has 20-30 material distribution rods 4-1 of equal number along the axial direction, and the distribution rods 4-1 on two eccentric rollers 4-2 The rods are interlaced and inserted into each other; the two sides of a pair of dividing rollers 4 are respectively covered with arc-shaped slide rails 5, and the material-distributing rods on a pair of dividing rollers 4 are interlaced and inserted into the arc-shaped bars on both sides. In the slideway grid bar 5, the pulleys on the motor shaft 19 of the same motor drive the selection crushing roller 2 to rotate through the belt and the first pulley 18 of the selection crushing roller 2 respectively, and the second pulley drives the roller installed on the dial. The dialing roller 4 on the roller shaft 20 rotates, saving installation space.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, the biomass crushing area B includes the lower cylinder feeding port 6, the cylindrical screen drum 7, the main shaft 9 and the biomass crushing knife group 14; the upper end of the cylindrical screen drum 7 is connected to the The middle outlet of the lower end of the heavy material separation area A is externally connected, the lower end of the cylindrical screen drum 7 is connected to the large end of the conical screen drum 10 through the hopper; the upper end of the main shaft 9 is connected to the bottom of the upper box 3 by rotation, and the main shaft 9 passes through the biomass After the crushing zone B and the biomass separation zone C, the lower end of the main shaft 9 is rotationally connected with the bottom of the lower cylinder 8 through the center hole of the impeller 16, the small end of the conical screen cylinder 10; ~6 groups of biomass crushing knife groups 14, each group has 4~8 blades, each group of biomass crushing knife groups 14 is connected with the main shaft key, and the main shaft 9 is driven by the motor 11 to drive the biomass crushing knife group to rotate at a high speed to crush materials.

As shown in Figures 1 and 8, the biomass separation zone C includes a conical screen drum 10, an impeller 16, and a biomass discharge bin 17; in the conical screen drum 10, the lower end of the main shaft 9 from top to bottom The impeller 16 and the pulley are installed in sequence, and the pulley is connected to the output shaft of the main shaft motor 11 outside the lower cylinder 8 through the belt, and the biomass discharge bin 17 is located at the bottom of the lower cylinder 8, realizing the connection between the biomass crushing area B and the biomass The biomass separated from the material separation zone C is jointly collected.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 6, Fig. 9, and Fig. 10, in the heavy material separation zone A, the bottom end of the serrated knife 2-1 in the crushing drum 2 is selected It is connected with the tool holder 2-3 by a pin shaft; the middle part of the torsion spring 2-4 is connected to the slot at the bottom of the avoiding serrated knife 2-1, and is connected and positioned with the avoiding serrated knife to ensure that the avoiding sawtooth knife 2-1 and the torsion spring 2 -4 avoidance and return at the same time, the two ends of the torsion spring 2-4 are connected and fixed with the knife rest 2-3; The distance between them is 25 mm to 30 mm; the two dialing rollers 4 are respectively driven by the gear 21, and they rotate in opposite directions at the same speed; the main shaft of the dialing roller 4 and the eccentric roller 4-2 are driven simultaneously Rotate towards differential.

In the heavy material separation area A, the two dividing rollers 4 rotate in opposite directions at the same speed, the distance between the material distribution rods 4-1 is 25 mm to 30 mm, and the distance between the slide rails 5 25 mm to 30 mm; the distribution rod 4-1 rotates reciprocally along the gap between the slide rails 5 to realize the separation of heavy materials from other materials.

In the biomass crushing area B, the biomass crushing knife sets 14 are arranged crosswise, the crushing blades 14-1 are fixed on the cutter head 14-2 with bolts, and a blocking cylinder is installed between the cutter head 14-2 and the cutter head, Avoid material pollution and corrosion of bolts, and at the same time avoid the phenomenon of plastic winding on the main shaft 9; the cutter head 14-2 is connected with the main shaft by a spline, and the thickness of the crushing knife blade is 2 mm to 4 mm; the periphery of the biomass crushing knife group 14 is arranged with a cylindrical screen Barrel 7, the aperture is 10 mm ~ 20 mm.

In the biomass separation zone C, the diameter of the upper end of the conical screen cylinder 10 is large, the diameter of the bottom is small, and the diameter of the screen cylinder is 10 mm to 20 mm; the plastic discharge port 15 is arranged along the circumferential direction of the conical screen cylinder 10 to ensure that the plastic Smooth discharge and separation.

The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

(1) Heavy material separation area A:

The bagged kitchen waste is transported to the heavy material separation area A by the loose feeding method, and the material is broken through the selected crushing roller 2 for bag breaking and selective crushing. , the biomass is crushed to the target particle size, but the heavy matter is not crushed, so that the avoidance serrated knife 2-1 is retracted, that is, the crushing is not performed. After the crushing roller 2 is selected, the materials with different particle sizes enter the zone 4 of the dividing roller, and the heavy material is carried up by the dividing rod 4-1 because the particle size is larger than the distance between the dividing rod 4-1, and cannot pass through the slideway at the same time Grid bar 5, thereby slides to heavy material discharge hopper 13. A part of the biomass falls into the next stage through the gap of the material distribution rod 4-1, and the remaining part, driven by the material distribution rod 4-1, falls into the next stage through the 5 intervals of the slide grid bars. The plastic is wound on the material distribution rod 4-1, and when the material distribution rod 4-1 retracts, it falls to the next level. The distribution rod 4-1 is equipped with a needle roller bearing at one end of the eccentric roller 4-2 to ensure that when the distribution roller 4 and the eccentric roller 4-2 rotate relative to each other, the friction between them is in the form of rolling friction rather than sliding friction , thereby prolonging the service life of parts.

(2) Biomass crushing area B:

The material enters the biomass crushing area B along the feed port 6 of the lower cylinder, and a conical distribution baffle is arranged in the center of the upper part of the feed port 6 of the lower cylinder to ensure that the material enters the biomass crushing area B along the edge and is fully crushed with the biomass. The blades of the knife set contact to improve the crushing efficiency. Due to the stronger toughness of plastics than biomass, biomass is sheared and crushed by biomass crushing knife group 14 until the target particle size is smaller than the aperture of cylindrical screen drum, and part of it is separated through cylindrical screen drum 7; Broken into strips, unable to pass through the screen drum, and enter the next functional area together with other biomass that has not passed through the screen drum. At the same time, the arrangement of the retaining cylinder avoids the winding of the plastic on the main shaft.

(3) Biomass separation area C:

The selected crushed material enters the biomass separation area C from the central area through the sliding material device, and is impacted by the rotating impeller 16 at the bottom, and the biomass is further crushed; spiral up. During the movement, the biomass passes through the conical sieve drum, and the plastic rises to the target height along the conical surface, and is collected through the plastic discharge port 15 to realize the separation of the biomass and the plastic. The plastic discharge port 15 is arranged along the circumferential direction of the conical sieve cylinder 10, which is more conducive to the effective flying out and collection of plastics. The incompletely separated materials return to the bottom of the device under the action of gravity, and are further crushed and separated under the action of the impeller 16 to improve the separation efficiency. The crushed biomass, together with the biomass separated from the biomass crushing zone B, is in the biomass discharge bin 17.

Claims (7)

1. the broken removal of impurities complete device of vertical rubbish from cooking, is characterized in that: comprise heavy substance Disengagement zone (A), living beings fracture area (B) and living beings Disengagement zone (C); The discharging opening of heavy substance Disengagement zone (A) both sides, lower end is connected with heavy substance discharge bucket (13), in the middle of heavy substance Disengagement zone (A) lower end, discharging opening is connected with the lower shell charging aperture (6) of living beings fracture area (B), the discharging opening of living beings fracture area (B) is connected with the charging aperture of living beings Disengagement zone (C), be provided with plastics discharging opening (15) on living beings Disengagement zone (C) top, living beings fracture area (B) and living beings Disengagement zone (C) is coaxially arranged in lower shell (8);

Described heavy substance Disengagement zone (A), comprise garbage inlet (1), select broken roller (2), upper box (3), a pair group of point roller (4), a pair slideway grizzly bar (5) and baffle plate (12); Upper box (3) oral area establishes garbage inlet (1), be equipped with between the casing both sides of upper box (3) side, top and select broken roller shaft (2-2), select broken roller shaft (2-2) is equipped with and select broken roller (2), select broken roller (2) radially decile install 4 ~ 8 groups and dodge serrated knife (2-1), each group is evenly equipped with 20 ~ 30 vertically dodging serrated knife (2-1); Upper box (3) top opposite side is equipped with towards the baffle plate (12) selecting broken roller (2) downward-sloping; In the middle of the casing of upper box (3) both sides, bottom, a pair group of point of roller (4) is housed, a pair group of point of roller (4) inside is equipped with eccentric roller (4-2) respectively, the two ends of eccentric roller shaft are connected with point roller shaft of dialling at two ends respectively by connecting rod, eccentric roller (4-2) radially decile installs 4 ~ 8 component charge bars (4-1), each organizes 20 ~ 30 of radicals such as being evenly equipped with vertically point charge bars (4-1), point interlaced insertion of charge bar on two eccentric rollers (4-2); Be coated with the slideway grizzly bar (5) of arc outside the both sides of a pair group of point of roller (4) respectively, on a pair group of point roller (4) point charge bar (4-1) is interlaced is inserted in the slideway grizzly bar (5) of both sides arc; Belt wheel on the motor shaft (19) of same motor respectively through belt, select the first belt wheel of broken roller (2) to drive to select broken roller (2) to rotate, the second belt wheel drives and is arranged on point roller (4) of dialling dialled on point roller shaft (20) and rotates.

2. the broken removal of impurities complete device of the vertical rubbish from cooking of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described living beings fracture area (B), comprise lower shell charging aperture (6), cylindrical screen drum (7), main shaft (9) and living beings crushing cutter group (14); In the middle of cylindrical screen drum (7) upper end and heavy substance Disengagement zone (A) lower end, discharging opening outside is connected, and cylindrical screen drum (7) lower end to be held greatly with conical screen drum (10) through hopper and is connected; The upper end of main shaft (9) is connected with upper box (3) lower rotation, main shaft (9) is through after living beings fracture area (B) and living beings Disengagement zone (C), and the lower end of main shaft (9) is connected with lower shell (8) lower rotation through impeller (16) centre bore, conical screen drum (10) small end; Arranged crosswise 3 ~ 6 groups of living beings crushing cutter groups (14) vertically in cylindrical screen drum (7), often organize 4 ~ 8 cuttves, often organize living beings crushing cutter group (14) and are connected with main shaft (9) key.

3. the broken removal of impurities complete device of the vertical rubbish from cooking of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described living beings Disengagement zone (C), comprises conical screen drum (10), impeller (16) and living beings discharging bin (17); In conical screen drum (10), main shaft (9) lower end is from top to bottom equipped with impeller (16) and belt wheel successively, belt wheel is connected through the output shaft of belt with lower shell (8) spindle motor outward (11), and living beings discharging bin (17) is positioned at the bottom of lower shell (8).

4. the broken removal of impurities complete device of the vertical rubbish from cooking of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described heavy substance Disengagement zone (A), select the bottom of dodging serrated knife (2-1) in broken roller (2) and knife rest (2-3) pinned connection; Torsion spring (2-4) middle part connects bottom draw-in groove by dodging serrated knife (2-1), and dodges serrated knife and carries out being connected and locate, and two ends and the knife rest (2-3) of torsion spring (2-4) are connected and fixed; Knife rest (2-3) is bolted in selection broken roller (2), and between the cutter tooth of dodging serrated knife (2-1), spacing is 25 mm ~ 30 mm; Dial point roller (4) for two and drive transmission by gear (21) respectively.

5. the broken removal of impurities complete device of the vertical rubbish from cooking of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described heavy substance Disengagement zone (A), dial the synchronized reverse intersection of point roller (4) for two to rotate, divide the spacing between charge bar (4-1) to be 25 mm ~ 30 mm, the spacing between slideway grizzly bar (5) is 25 mm ~ 30 mm.

6. the broken removal of impurities complete device of the vertical rubbish from cooking of one according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described living beings fracture area (B), broken blade (14-1) is fixed by bolts on cutterhead (14-2), cutterhead (14-2) and main shaft are spline joint, and crushing cutter thickness of knife edge is 2 mm ~ 4 mm; The cylindrical screen drum of living beings crushing cutter group (14) peripheral disposition (7), aperture is 10 mm ~ 20 mm.

7. the broken removal of impurities complete device of the vertical rubbish from cooking of one according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described living beings Disengagement zone (C), conical screen drum (10) aperture is 10 mm ~ 20 mm; Plastics discharging opening (15) is along screen drum circumferential directions.