CN103403896B - 光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂以及发光装置 - Google Patents

光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂以及发光装置 Download PDF

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CN103403896B
CN103403896B CN201280011864.2A CN201280011864A CN103403896B CN 103403896 B CN103403896 B CN 103403896B CN 201280011864 A CN201280011864 A CN 201280011864A CN 103403896 B CN103403896 B CN 103403896B
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light
particle
reflective
anisotropic conductive
conductive adhesive
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CN103403896A (zh
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波木秀次
蟹泽士行
马越英明
石神明
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Dexerials Corp
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Dexerials Corp
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    • H01L33/00Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
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Abstract

用于将发光元件在布线板上进行各向异性导电连接的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,含有热固性树脂组合物、导电颗粒、光反射性针状绝缘颗粒以及光反射性球状绝缘颗粒。热固性树脂组合物中的光反射性针状绝缘颗粒和光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的配混量相对于热固性树脂组合物分别为1~50体积%,光反射性球状绝缘颗粒与光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的配混比(V/V)为1:1~10。光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂为氧化钛晶须、氧化锌晶须、钛酸盐晶须、硼酸铝晶须或硅灰石。

Description

光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂以及发光装置
技术领域
本发明涉及将发光元件在布线板上进行各向异性导电连接的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂、以及使用该粘接剂将发光元件安装于布线板上而成的发光装置。
背景技术
使用了发光二极管(LED)元件的发光装置被广泛使用,旧式发光装置的结构如图3所示那样如下构成:在基板31上用芯片焊接粘接剂(ダイボンド接着剤)32接合LED元件33,将其上面的p电极34和n电极35用金丝37引线接合于基板31的连接端子36,并将LED元件33整体用透明模制树脂38密封。然而,在图3的发光装置的情况下,存在以下问题:LED元件33发出的光中,射出至上面侧的波长为400~500nm的光被金丝吸收,另外,射出至下面侧的光的一部分被芯片焊接粘接剂32吸收,导致LED元件33的发光效率降低。
因此,如图4所示,提出了对LED元件33进行倒装芯片安装(专利文献1)。该倒装芯片安装技术中,p电极34和n电极35分别形成有凸点39,进而,LED元件33的凸点形成面设置有光反射层40,用以使p电极34和n电极35绝缘。而且,LED元件33和基板31使用将环氧树脂用作粘结剂树脂的各向异性导电糊剂(ACP)41或各向异性导电薄膜(ACF)(未图示),使它们固化而进行连接固定。因此,在图4的发光装置中,LED元件33向上方射出的光不会被金丝吸收,向下方射出的光的大部分被光反射层40反射而向上方射出,因此发光效率(光提取效率)不会降低。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平11-168235号公报。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
然而,专利文献1的技术中,存在如下问题:为了使p电极34和n电极35绝缘,必须利用金属蒸镀法等在LED元件33上设置光反射层40,从而无法在制造中避免成本升高。
另一方面,不设置光反射层40时,还存在以下问题:已固化的ACP或ACF中的用金、镍或铜进行被覆的导电颗粒的表面呈现棕色或暗棕色,另外,分散有导电颗粒的环氧树脂粘结剂自身也会因为常用于该固化的咪唑系潜伏性固化剂而呈现棕色,难以提高发光元件发出的光的发光效率(光提取效率)。
另外,除了以上说明的问题(成本升高的问题、光提取效率的问题)之外,作为更大的问题,存在各向异性导电连接部产生裂纹、导通可靠性降低的问题。即,在用这种ACP、ACF对LED元件33和基板31进行各向异性导电连接而得到的发光装置的情况下,由于将显示出比基板31的热膨胀系数高的热膨胀系数的环氧树脂用作ACP或ACF的粘结剂树脂,因此存在以下问题:伴随着发光装置的环境温度变化(例如,无铅焊料(Pb-free solder)的相应回流焊处理、热冲击试验、在高温气氛下使用/储藏等时的温度变化),固定于基板的ACP或ACF的固化物产生内部应力,各向异性导电连接部产生裂纹或导通可靠性降低。
本发明的目的在于,解决以上现有技术的问题点,在使用各向异性导电粘接剂将发光二极管(LED)元件等发光元件以倒装芯片方式安装于布线板来制造发光装置时,无需在LED元件上设置会招致制造成本增加之类的光反射层即可改善发光效率,而且,还可以抑制或防止由于环境温度变化而导致的、发光装置的各向异性导电连接部出现的导通可靠性的降低或裂纹的产生。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明人等在假设使各向异性导电粘接剂自身具有光反射功能时能够使发光效率不发生降低的情况下,发现了:(一)通过向各向异性导电粘接剂中配混光反射性绝缘颗粒,可以使发光元件的发光效率不发生降低;(二)在该情况下,与针状的光反射性绝缘颗粒相比,球状的光反射性绝缘颗粒的使发光效率不发生降低的能力更高;(三)另一方面,与球状的光反射性绝缘颗粒相比,针状的光反射性绝缘颗粒对于抑制各向异性导电连接部的导通可靠性的降低和裂纹的产生是更有效的;(四)因此,为了兼顾发光元件的发光效率的提升、以及抑制或防止导通可靠性的降低和抑制或防止裂纹的产生,应该使光反射性针状绝缘颗粒与光反射性球状绝缘颗粒为特定的配混比例,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明提供光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其为用于将发光元件在布线板上进行各向异性导电连接的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,含有热固性树脂组合物、导电颗粒、光反射性针状绝缘颗粒以及光反射性球状绝缘颗粒,
该热固性树脂组合物中的光反射性针状绝缘颗粒和光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的配混量相对于热固性树脂组合物分别为1~50体积%,且光反射性球状绝缘颗粒与光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的配混比(V/V)为1:1~10。
另外,本发明提供发光装置,其中,发光元件介由该光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂以倒装芯片方式安装于布线板。
发明的效果
本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂中,将光反射性的针状绝缘颗粒和球状绝缘颗粒相对于热固性树脂组合物分别以1~50体积%进行配混,且光反射性球状绝缘颗粒与光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的配混比(V/V)设定为1:1~10。因此,无需在LED元件上设置会招致制造成本增加之类的光反射层即可改善发光效率,而且,还可以抑制或防止由于环境温度变化而导致的、发光装置的各向异性导电连接部出现的导通可靠性的降低或裂纹的产生。
附图说明
图1A是本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂中使用的光反射性导电颗粒的剖面图。
图1B是本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂中使用的光反射性导电颗粒的剖面图。
图2是本发明的发光装置的剖面图。
图3是现有发光装置的剖面图。
图4是现有发光装置的剖面图。
具体实施方式
本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂用于将发光元件在布线板上进行各向异性导电连接,其含有热固性树脂组合物、导电颗粒、光反射性针状绝缘颗粒以及光反射性球状绝缘颗粒。
本发明中,作为光反射性绝缘颗粒,组合使用光反射性针状绝缘颗粒和光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的理由如下所示。
作为一般理论,热固性树脂组合物中含有光反射性绝缘颗粒时,若树脂组合物的伸缩性随着温度变化而降低(变硬),则容易由于热固性树脂组合物(或其固化物)的内部应力而导致光反射性绝缘颗粒与热固性树脂组合物的界面产生裂纹。若光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂产生裂纹,则会损害导通可靠性。因此,光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂需要具有优异的强韧性,通过将光反射性针状绝缘颗粒作为光反射性绝缘颗粒而添加到热固性树脂组合物中,可以对光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂赋予高强韧性。这是因为,热固性树脂组合物中,各自向随机方向配置的针状光反射性绝缘颗粒由于其自身易于挠曲且易于弯曲,因此能够将随着温度变化而产生的热固性树脂组合物的内部应力传导至针状晶体中并被该针状晶体吸收,从而可以抑制该内部应力在热固性树脂组合物中传播。由此,含有光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂能够发挥优异的强韧性,即使因温度变化而导致热固性树脂组合物发生伸缩,也可以抑制或防止裂纹的产生,另外,可以抑制或防止导通可靠性的降低。
另一方面,在仅使用光反射性针状绝缘颗粒作为光反射性绝缘颗粒的情况下,存在光反射率降低的倾向。因而,在本发明中,将具有良好的光反射特性的球状光反射性绝缘颗粒与光反射性针状绝缘颗粒组合使用。
这种光反射性针状绝缘颗粒在热固性树脂组合物中的配混量相对于热固性树脂组合物为1~50体积%、优选为5~25体积%。这是因为,光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的配混量低于1体积%时,存在难以充分地抑制或防止利用光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂进行接合的接合部产生裂纹、导通可靠性降低的倾向;而光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的配混量过多时,存在以下倾向:热固性树脂组合物的配混量相对减少,光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的粘接性降低,另外,光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的配混量也减少,利用光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂进行接合的接合部的光反射率的改善变得不充分;而配混量处于该范围内时,能够获得本发明的效果。
另外,光反射性球状绝缘颗粒在热固性树脂组合物中的配混量相对于热固性树脂组合物为1~50体积%、优选为2~25体积%。这是因为,光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的配混量低于1体积%时,存在利用光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂进行接合的接合部的光反射率的改善变得不充分的倾向;而光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的配混量过多时,存在以下倾向:热固性树脂组合物的配混量相对减少,光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的粘接性降低,另外,光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的配混量也减少,难以抑制利用光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂进行接合的接合部产生裂纹,难以改善导通可靠性的降低;而配混量处于该范围内时,能够获得本发明的效果。
另外,光反射性球状绝缘颗粒与光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的配混比(V/V)为1:1~10、优选为1:2~8。光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的配混量超过该范围相对地少于光反射性针状绝缘颗粒时,存在光反射特性降低的倾向,反之相对较多时,存在耐裂纹特性降低的倾向。
作为光反射性针状绝缘颗粒,在适用于发出可见光的发光装置的情况下,优选使用呈现白色的针状无机化合物。这种光反射性针状绝缘颗粒能够将射入光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的光向外部反射,而且,由于光反射性针状绝缘颗粒自身呈现白色,因此能够减小对于可见光的光反射特性的波长依赖性,能够有效地反射可见光。
另外,光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的直径优选为5μm以下。另外,为了充分地传导和吸收热固性树脂组合物的内部应力,其高宽比优选大于10,另外,为了使光反射性针状绝缘颗粒难以折断且均匀地分散在热固性树脂组合物中,该高宽比优选小于35。为了进一步提高在热固性树脂组合物中的分散性,更优选低于20。
作为这种光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的优选具体例子,可列举出氧化锌晶须、氧化钛晶须、钛酸钾晶须或钛酸钠晶须等钛酸盐晶须、硼酸铝晶须、硅灰石(高岭土硅酸盐的针状晶体)等白色的针状无机颗粒。它们可以使用一种或二种以上。此处,晶须是通过特殊的制造方法成长为针状的晶体,晶体结构没有紊乱,因此具有富有弹性、难以变形的优点。这些无机化合物在发出可见光的发光装置中呈现白色,因此对于可见光的光反射特性的波长依赖性小、且易于反射可见光。其中,氧化锌晶须的白色度高,且即使在担心已固化的各向异性导电粘接剂中的热固性树脂组合物的固化物发生光劣化的情况下,对光劣化也没有催化性,因此特别优选。
需要说明的是,作为光反射性针状绝缘颗粒,也可以使用例如tetrapot(注册商标)之类的、四面体的中心部与顶点分别结合而成的形状等的、具有多根针状形状的晶体(多针状晶体)来代替这种单针状晶体。多针状晶体的白色针状无机颗粒,与单针状晶体的白色针状无机颗粒相比在导热性大的方面是优异的,但与单针状晶体相比是体积大的晶体结构,因此需要注意热压接时不要使针状部分损伤基板、元件的接合部件。
另外,这些光反射性针状绝缘颗粒也可以是用例如硅烷偶联剂进行处理而成的颗粒。将无机颗粒用硅烷偶联剂处理时,可以提高颗粒在热固性树脂组合物中的分散性。因此,针状无机颗粒、优选为将氧化锌晶须用硅烷偶联剂进行处理而得到的光反射性针状绝缘颗粒可以在短时间内在热固性树脂组合物中均匀地混合。
对于光反射性针状绝缘颗粒,优选的是,其折射率(JIS K7142)优选大于热固性树脂组合物的固化物的折射率(JIS K7142),更优选至少大出0.02左右。这是因为,若折射率之差小则这些界面的光反射效率降低。
光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂中,作为与光反射性针状绝缘颗粒组合使用的光反射性球状绝缘颗粒,在适用于发出可见光的发光装置的情况下,优选使用呈现白色的球状无机化合物。这种光反射性球状绝缘颗粒能够将射入光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的光向外部反射,而且,由于光反射性球状绝缘颗粒自身呈现白色,因此能够减小对于可见光的光反射特性的波长依赖性,能够有效地反射可见光。
另外,光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的平均粒径过小时,光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的固化物的光反射率变低,而过大时,存在阻碍通过导电颗粒的各向异性导电连接的倾向,因此优选为0.02~20μm、更优选为0.2~1μm。
作为这种光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的优选具体例子,可列举出选自氧化钛(TiO2)、氮化硼(BN)、氧化锌(ZnO)以及氧化铝(Al2O3)中的至少一种无机颗粒。其中,从高折射率的观点出发,优选使用TiO2。另外,也可以根据需要在它们的表面利用常规方法形成Si涂层和Al涂层。
对于光反射性球状绝缘颗粒,优选的是,其折射率(JIS K7142)优选大于热固性树脂组合物的固化物的折射率(JIS K7142),更优选至少大出0.02左右。这是因为,若折射率之差小则这些界面的光反射效率降低。
另外,作为光反射性球状绝缘颗粒,可以使用将球状金属颗粒的表面用透明的绝缘性树脂被覆而成的树脂被覆金属颗粒。作为球状金属颗粒的金属材料,可列举出镍、银、铝等,其中,可优选地列举出银。
作为光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的树脂被覆金属颗粒的平均粒径因形状而异,通常而言,平均粒径过大时,有可能阻碍通过导电颗粒的各向异性导电连接,而平均粒径过小时,难以反射光,因此优选为0.1~30μm、更优选为0.2~10μm。此处,树脂被覆金属颗粒的平均粒径是还包括绝缘被覆的尺寸。
作为属于这种光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的树脂被覆金属颗粒中的该树脂,可以使用各种绝缘性树脂。从机械强度、透明性等观点出发,可优选地利用丙烯酸系树脂的固化物。可优选地列举出在过氧化苯甲酰等有机过氧化物等自由基聚合引发剂的存在下使甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯进行自由基共聚而得到的树脂。此时,更优选用2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯等异氰酸酯系交联剂进行过交联。另外,作为金属颗粒,优选预先用硅烷偶联剂向金属表面导入γ-环氧丙氧基、或乙烯基等。
这种树脂被覆金属颗粒例如可以如下制造:在甲苯等溶剂中投入金属颗粒和硅烷偶联剂,在室温下搅拌约1个小时后,投入自由基单体和自由基聚合引发剂以及根据需要的交联剂,边加热至自由基聚合引发温度边进行搅拌,从而制造。
作为构成本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的导电颗粒,可以利用在各向异性导电连接的现有导电颗粒中使用的金属的颗粒。例如可列举出金、镍、铜、银、焊料、钯、铝、它们的合金、它们的多层化物(例如,镍镀物体/金薄镀物)等。其中,金、镍、铜会使导电颗粒呈现棕色,因此与其它金属材料相比更能享受到本发明的效果。
另外,作为导电颗粒,可以使用将树脂颗粒用金属材料被覆而成的金属被覆树脂颗粒。作为这种树脂颗粒,可列举出苯乙烯系树脂颗粒、苯代三聚氰胺树脂颗粒、尼龙树脂颗粒等。作为将树脂颗粒用金属材料被覆的方法,也可以采用现有公知的方法,可以利用无电解镀覆法、电解镀覆法等。另外,要被覆的金属材料的层厚为足够确保良好的导通可靠性的厚度,其根据树脂颗粒的粒径、金属的种类而异,通常为0.1~3μm。
另外,树脂颗粒的平均粒径过小时,会产生导通不良,而过大时存在产生图案间短路的倾向,因此优选为1~20μm、更优选为3~10μm、特别优选为3~5μm。此时,作为芯颗粒1的形状,优选为球形,也可以是薄片状、橄榄球状。
优选的金属被覆树脂颗粒为球状,其粒径过大时,导通可靠性会降低,因此优选为1~20μm、更优选为3~10μm。
尤其是,本发明中,优选的是,对上述那样的导电颗粒赋予光反射性,从而制成光反射性导电颗粒。图1A、图1B是这种光反射性导电颗粒10、20的剖面图。首先,从图1A的光反射性导电颗粒开始说明。
光反射性导电颗粒10由被金属材料被覆的芯颗粒1和光反射层3构成,所述光反射层3是在芯颗粒1的表面由选自氧化钛(TiO2)颗粒、氧化锌(ZnO)颗粒或氧化铝(Al2O3)颗粒中的至少一种无机颗粒2形成的。氧化钛颗粒、氧化锌颗粒或氧化铝颗粒是在太阳光下呈现白色的无机颗粒。因此,由它们形成的光反射层3呈现白色~灰色。呈现白色~灰色意味着对于可见光的光反射特性的波长依赖性小,且容易反射可见光。
需要说明的是,氧化钛颗粒、氧化锌颗粒或氧化铝颗粒之中,在担心已固化的各向异性导电粘接剂中的热固性树脂组合物的固化物发生光劣化的情况下,可以优选地使用对光劣化没有催化性、折射率也高的氧化锌颗粒。
芯颗粒1用于进行各向异性导电连接,因此其表面由金属材料构成。此处,作为表面被金属材料被覆的形态,可如上所述地列举出:芯颗粒1本身为金属材料的形态或者树脂颗粒的表面被金属材料被覆的形态。
从与芯颗粒1的粒径的相对大小的观点来看,由无机颗粒2形成的光反射层3的层厚相对于芯颗粒1的粒径过小时,反射率的降低变得显著,而过大时,会产生导通不良,因此优选为0.5~50%、更优选为1~25%。
另外,光反射性导电颗粒10中,构成光反射层3的无机颗粒2的粒径过小时,难以产生光反射现象,而过大时,存在难以形成光反射层3的倾向,因此优选为0.02~4μm、更优选为0.1~1μm、特别优选为0.2~0.5μm。此时,从要进行光反射的光的波长的观点来看,无机颗粒2的粒径优选为该光的波长的50%以上,用以使要反射的光(即发光元件发出的光)不会透过。此时,作为无机颗粒2的形状,可列举出无定型、球状、鳞片状、针状等,其中,从光扩散效果的观点出发,优选为球状,从全反射效果的观点出发,优选为鳞片状的形状。
图1A的光反射性导电颗粒10可以通过使大小粉末彼此进行物理冲击从而在大粒径颗粒的表面上形成由小粒径颗粒构成的膜的公知成膜技术(所谓的机械融合法)来制造。此时,无机颗粒2以侵蚀入芯颗粒1的表面的金属材料的方式被固定,另一方面,无机颗粒2彼此难以发生熔接固定,因此无机颗粒的单层会构成光反射层3。因此,在图1A的情况下,可以认为光反射层3的层厚与无机颗粒2的粒径同等或略薄。
接着,针对图1B的光反射性导电颗粒20进行说明。该光反射性导电颗粒20中,光反射层3含有起到粘接剂功能的热塑性树脂4,无机颗粒2彼此也通过该热塑性树脂4被固定,从无机颗粒2形成多层化(例如多层化至2层或3层)的观点出发,与图1A的光反射性导电颗粒10不同。通过含有这种热塑性树脂4,光反射层3的机械强度提高,难以发生无机颗粒2的剥落等。
作为热塑性树脂4,为了实现环境低负荷,可优选地使用无卤素的热塑性树脂,例如可以使用聚乙烯、聚丙烯等聚烯烃或聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸系树脂等。
这种光反射性导电颗粒20也可以利用机械融合法来制造。适用于机械融合法的热塑性树脂4的粒径过小时,粘接功能降低,而过大时,变得难以附着于芯颗粒1,因此优选为0.02~4μm、更优选为0.1~1μm。另外,这种热塑性树脂4的配混量过少时,粘接功能降低,而过多时,会形成光反射性导电颗粒、芯颗粒的凝集物,因而相对于100质量份无机颗粒2,优选为0.2~500质量份、更优选为4~25质量份。
作为本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂中使用的热固性树脂组合物,优选使用尽可能无色透明的组合物。这是为了不使光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂中的光反射性导电颗粒的光反射效率降低、且不改变入射光的光色地进行反射。此处,无色透明是指热固性树脂组合物的固化物相对于波长为380~780nm的可见光的、光路长度为1cm的光透射率(JIS K7105)达到80%以上、优选达到90%以上。
本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂中,相对于100质量份热固性树脂组合物的光反射性导电颗粒等导电颗粒的配混量过少时,会产生导通不良,而过多时存在产生图案间短路的倾向,因此优选为1~100质量份、更优选为10~50质量份。
关于本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的光反射特性,为了提高发光元件的发光效率,理想的是,光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的固化物对波长为450nm的光的反射率(JIS K7105)至少为30%。为了得到这种光反射率,可以适当调整要使用的光反射性导电颗粒的光反射特性或配混量、热固性树脂组合物的配混组成等。通常,若增加光反射特性良好的光反射性导电颗粒的配混量,则存在反射率也增大的倾向。
另外,光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的光反射特性也可以从折射率这一观点来进行评价。即,这是因为,其固化物的折射率大于不包括导电颗粒和光反射性针状绝缘颗粒和光反射性球状绝缘颗粒在内的热固性树脂组合物的固化物的折射率时,光反射性针状绝缘颗粒和光反射性球状绝缘颗粒与围绕它们的热固性树脂组合物的固化物之间的界面的光反射量增大的缘故。具体而言,理想的是,光反射性针状绝缘颗粒和光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的各自的折射率(JIS K7142)减去热固性树脂组合物的固化物的折射率(JIS K7142)而得的差优选为0.02以上,更优选为0.2以上。需要说明的是,通常以环氧树脂为主体的热固性树脂组合物的折射率约为1.5。
作为构成本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的热固性树脂组合物,可以利用现有的各向异性导电粘接剂、各向异性导电薄膜中使用的组合物。通常来说,这种热固性树脂组合物在绝缘性粘结剂树脂中配混有固化剂。作为绝缘性粘结剂树脂,可优选地列举出以脂环式环氧化合物、杂环系环氧化合物、加氢环氧化合物等为主成分的环氧系树脂。
作为脂环式环氧化合物,可优选地列举出分子内具有2个以上环氧基的环氧化合物。它们可以为液状,也可以为固体状。具体而言,可列举出缩水甘油基六氢双酚A、3,4-环氧环己烯基甲基-3,4′-环氧环己烯羧酸酯等。其中,从能够使固化物确保适合于LED元件的安装等的光透射性、快速固化性也优异的观点出发,可优选地使用缩水甘油基六氢双酚A、3,4-环氧环己烯基甲基-3′,4′-环氧环己烯羧酸酯。
作为杂环系环氧化合物,可列举出具有三嗪环的环氧化合物,特别优选为1,3,5-三(2,3-环氧丙基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮。
作为加氢环氧化合物,可以使用前述的脂环式环氧化合物、杂环系环氧化合物的加氢物、其它公知的加氢环氧树脂。
脂环式环氧化合物、杂环系环氧化合物、加氢环氧化合物可以单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。另外,除了这些环氧化合物,在不损害本发明效果的范围内,也可以组合使用其它环氧化合物。例如可列举出双酚A、双酚F、双酚S、四甲基双酚A、二芳基双酚A、对苯二酚、邻苯二酚、间苯二酚、甲酚、四溴双酚A、三羟基联苯、二苯甲酮、双间苯二酚、双酚六氟丙酮、四甲基双酚A、四甲基双酚F、三(羟基苯基)甲烷、二甲酚、线型酚醛树脂(フェノールノボラック)、甲酚线型酚醛树脂(クレゾールノボラック)等多元酚与表氯醇反应而得到的缩水甘油醚;甘油、新戊二醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇等脂肪族多元醇与表氯醇反应而得到的聚缩水甘油醚;对氧代苯甲酸、β-氧代萘甲酸之类的羟基羧酸与表氯醇反应而得到的缩水甘油醚酯;由邻苯二甲酸、甲基邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、桥亚甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸、桥亚甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、聚合脂肪酸之类的聚羧酸得到的聚缩水甘油基酯;由氨基苯酚、氨基烷基苯酚得到的缩水甘油基氨基缩水甘油醚;由氨基苯甲酸得到的缩水甘油基氨基缩水甘油酯;由苯胺、甲苯胺、三溴苯胺、苯二甲胺、二氨基环己烷、双氨基甲基环己烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯基砜等得到的缩水甘油基胺;环氧化聚烯烃等公知的环氧树脂类等。
作为固化剂,可列举出酸酐、咪唑化合物、双氰等。其中,可优选地使用难以使固化物变色的酸酐系固化剂、可特别优选地使用脂环式酸酐系固化剂。具体而言,可优选地列举出甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐等。
本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的热固性树脂组合物中,在使用脂环式环氧化合物和脂环式酸酐系固化剂的情况下,对于其各自的使用量,脂环式酸酐系固化剂过少时,未固化环氧化合物会变多,而脂环式酸酐系固化剂过多时,存在因多余固化剂的影响而促进被附体材料的腐蚀的倾向,因此相对于100质量份脂环式环氧化合物,将脂环式酸酐系固化剂以优选为80~120质量份、更优选为95~105质量份的比例进行使用。
本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂可以通过将光反射性针状绝缘颗粒、光反射性球状绝缘颗粒、导电颗粒以及热固性树脂组合物均匀地混合来制造。另外,将本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂制成光反射性各向异性导电薄膜时,将光反射性针状绝缘颗粒、光反射性球状绝缘颗粒、导电颗粒以及热固性树脂组合物与甲苯等溶剂共同分散混合,以剥离处理后的PET薄膜达到所期望厚度的方式进行涂布,在约80℃左右的温度下进行干燥即可。
接着,一边参照图2一边对本发明的发光装置进行说明。发光装置200是如下发光装置:在基板21上的连接端子22与分别形成于作为发光元件的LED元件23的n电极24和p电极25的连接用凸点26之间,涂布前述本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,基板21与LED元件23以倒装芯片方式进行了安装。此处,光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的固化物100是光反射性导电颗粒10、进而光反射性针状绝缘颗粒和光反射性球状绝缘颗粒在热固性树脂组合物的固化物11中分散而成的。需要说明的是,根据需要,也可以以被覆LED元件23整体的方式用透明模制树脂进行密封。另外,还可以对LED元件23与以往同样地设置光反射层。
在这样构成的发光装置200中,在LED元件23发出的光之中,朝向基板21侧发出的光被光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的固化物100中的光反射性导电颗粒10反射,并从LED元件23的上面射出。因此,可以防止发光效率降低。另外,由于包含光反射性针状绝缘颗粒,因此可以改善光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的固化物的导通可靠性,抑制或防止裂纹的产生。
本发明的发光装置200中的除光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂以外的构成(LED元件23、凸点26、基板21、连接端子22等)可以与以往的发光装置的构成相同。另外,本发明的发光装置200除了使用本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂之外,可以利用现有的各向异性导电连接技术进行制造。需要说明的是,作为发光元件,除了LED元件之外,可以在不损害本发明的效果的范围内适用公知的发光元件。
实施例
以下,针对本发明的具体实施例进行说明。需要说明的是,本发明的范围不限定于下述任一实施例。
实施例1~7、比较例1~4
(各向异性导电粘接剂的制作)
将光反射性白色针状绝缘颗粒(金属氧化物晶须)和/或光反射性白色球状绝缘颗粒(金属氧化物颗粒)以及作为导电颗粒的、球状丙烯酸系树脂颗粒的表面形成有镀金层的金被覆树脂颗粒(平均粒径为5μm)或者用氧化钛微颗粒被覆而成的光反射性导电颗粒(平均粒径为5μm)10质量份,以表1的添加量混合到含有脂环式环氧化合物(CEL2021P、Daicel Corporation)50质量份和甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐50质量份的透明环氧系热固性树脂组合物(折射率为1.45)中,制备各向异性导电粘接剂。
需要说明的是,实施例6中使用的光反射性导电颗粒如下制作:向机械融合装置(AMS-GMP、Hosokawa Micron Ltd.)中投入粒径为0.5μm的氧化钛粉末4质量份、粒径为0.2μm的聚苯乙烯系粉末3质量份以及粒径为5μm的导电颗粒(对平均粒径为4.6μm的球状丙烯酸系树脂颗粒实施0.2μm厚的无电解镀金而成的颗粒(20GNR4.6EH、日本化学工业株式会社))20质量份,在金被覆树脂颗粒的表面成膜由氧化钛颗粒构成的约1μm厚的光反射层,从而制作。该光反射性导电颗粒的外观颜色为灰色。
另外,实施例1和2中使用的光反射性白色球状绝缘颗粒是将粒径为0.5μm的TiO2表面用Si膜和Al膜被覆而成的颗粒。实施例6中使用的光反射性白色针状绝缘颗粒是将ZnO晶须的表面用硅偶联剂进行过表面处理(二氧化硅处理)的颗粒(Pana-Tetra,AMTEC co., ltd.)。
(光反射率的评价)
将所制作的各向异性导电粘接剂以厚度达到100μm的方式涂布在白色板上,在200℃下加热1分钟而使其固化。针对所得固化物,使用分光光度计(UV3100、岛津制作所)测定以硫酸钡为标准的、相对于波长450nm的光的总反射率(镜面反射和漫反射)。所得结果示于表1。理想的是,实用上,光反射率超过30%。
(LED安装模块样品的制作)
使用凸点支架(FB700、KAIJO corporation)在具有对100μm间距的铜布线实施了Ni/Au(5.0μm厚/0.3μm厚)镀覆处理的布线的玻璃环氧基板上形成15μm高的金(Au)凸点。使用光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂以200℃、20秒、1kg/片的条件在该带有金凸点的环氧基板上倒装芯片安装蓝色LED(Vf=3.2V(If=20mA))元件,从而得到测试用LED模块。
(总光束量的评价)
针对所得到的测试用LED模块,使用总光束量测定系统(积分全球)(LE-2100、大冢电子株式会社)测定总光束量(测定条件 If=20mA(恒定电流控制))。所得结果示于表1。理想的是,实用上,总光束量超过300mlm。
(导通可靠性和耐裂纹性的评价)
针对导通可靠性和耐裂纹性,通过进行以下2种冷热周期试验(TCT)来评价。
<TCT-A>
将测试用LED模块在-40℃和100℃的气氛中各暴露30分钟,将其作为1个周期,该冷热周期进行1000次。
<TCT-B>
将测试用LED模块在-55℃和125℃的气氛中各暴露30分钟,将其作为1个周期,该冷热周期进行1000次。
导通可靠性的评价如下进行:将TCT进行1000个周期后,针对从TCT取出的测试用LED模块,测定If=20mA时的Vf值,按照以下基准进行评价。
等级(rank):基准
A:由初始Vf值升高的Vf值的升高部分小于3%时
B:由初始Vf值升高的Vf值的升高部分为3%以上且低于5%时
C:由初始Vf值升高的Vf值的升高部分为5%以上时。
有无裂纹产生的评价如下进行:将TCT进行1000个周期后,针对从TCT取出的测试用LED模块,利用金属显微镜由蓝色LED元件的上面进行观察,观察光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的固化物是否产生裂纹,按照以下基准进行评价。
等级:基准
A:完全观察不到裂纹的产生时
B:略微观察到裂纹的产生,但处于实用上没有问题的水平时
C:观察到裂纹的产生时。
[表1]
由表1可知,在实施例1~7的各向异性导电粘接剂的情况下,总反射率为37%以上,总光束量也在340mlm以上。另外,耐裂纹性和导通可靠性的评价均为“A”评价。
相对于此,在比较例1的各向异性导电粘接剂的情况下,由于未配混光反射性绝缘颗粒,外观颜色变为棕色,因此结果总反射率为8%,非常低、总光束量也为200mlm,非常低。
另外,在比较例2的各向异性导电粘接剂的情况下,虽然光反射性绝缘颗粒的总配混量与实施例3的各向异性导电粘接剂相同,但由于未配混光反射性白色球状绝缘颗粒而仅使用了光反射性白色针状绝缘颗粒,因此总反射率从42%(实施例3)降低至35%,而且总光束量也从360mlm(实施例3)降低至300mlm。
在比较例3的各向异性导电粘接剂的情况下,虽然光反射性绝缘颗粒的总配混量与实施例3的各向异性导电粘接剂相同,但由于未配混光反射性白色针状绝缘颗粒而仅使用了光反射性白色球状绝缘颗粒,因此总反射率从42%(实施例3)提高到50%,但耐裂纹性变为“C”评价,导通可靠性也在TCT-B时变为“B”评价。
在比较例4的各向异性导电粘接剂的情况下,与实施例3的各向异性导电粘接剂的情况相比,由于使光反射性白色球状绝缘颗粒从4体积%增加至16体积%,因此,总反射率、总光束量虽然有所改善,但耐裂纹性变为“B”或“C”评价,导通可靠性也在TCT-B时变为“B”评价。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂中,光反射性的针状绝缘颗粒和球状绝缘颗粒相对于热固性树脂组合物分别配混1~50体积%,且将光反射性球状绝缘颗粒与光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的配混比设定为1:1~10。因此,无需在LED元件上设置会招致制造成本增加之类的光反射层即可改善发光效率,而且,还可以抑制或防止由于环境温度变化而导致的、发光装置的各向异性导电连接部产生的导通可靠性的降低或裂纹的产生。因此,本发明的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂在对LED元件进行倒装芯片安装时是有用的。
附图标记说明
1 芯颗粒
2 无机颗粒
3、40 光反射层
4 热塑性树脂
10、20 光反射性导电颗粒
11 热固性树脂组合物的固化物
21、31 基板
22、36 连接端子
23、33 LED元件
24、35 n电极
25、34 p电极
26、39 凸点
32 芯片焊接粘接剂
37 金丝
38 透明模制树脂
41 各向异性导电糊剂(ACP)
100 光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂的固化物
200 发光装置

Claims (16)

1.光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其为用于将发光元件在布线板上进行各向异性导电连接的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其含有热固性树脂组合物、导电颗粒、光反射性针状绝缘颗粒以及光反射性球状绝缘颗粒,
该热固性树脂组合物中的光反射性针状绝缘颗粒和光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的配混量相对于热固性树脂组合物分别为1~50体积%,且光反射性球状绝缘颗粒与光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的配混比(V/V)为1:1~10。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其中,该光反射性针状绝缘颗粒为选自氧化钛晶须、氧化锌晶须、钛酸盐晶须、硼酸铝晶须以及硅灰石中的至少一种针状无机颗粒。
3.根据权利要求2所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其中,该光反射性针状绝缘颗粒为氧化锌晶须。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其中,该光反射性针状绝缘颗粒是将针状无机颗粒用硅烷偶联剂进行处理而成的。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其特征在于,该光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的高宽比大于10且小于35。
6.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其中,光反射性针状绝缘颗粒的折射率大于热固性树脂组合物的固化物的折射率,所述折射率是按照JIS K7142得到的。
7.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其中,光反射性球状绝缘颗粒为选自氧化钛、氮化硼、氧化锌以及氧化铝中的至少一种球状无机颗粒。
8.根据权利要求7所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其中,光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的平均粒径为0.02~20μm。
9.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其中,光反射性球状绝缘颗粒的折射率大于热固性树脂组合物的固化物的折射率,所述折射率是按照JIS K7142得到的。
10.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其中,光反射性球状绝缘颗粒是将球状金属颗粒的表面用绝缘性树脂被覆而成的树脂被覆金属颗粒。
11.根据权利要求10所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其中,光反射性球状绝缘颗粒是将球状银颗粒的表面用绝缘性树脂被覆而成的树脂被覆银颗粒。
12.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其中,热固性树脂组合物含有环氧树脂和酸酐系固化剂。
13.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其中,导电颗粒是包含被金属材料被覆的芯颗粒和光反射层的光反射性导电颗粒,所述光反射层是在芯颗粒的表面由选自氧化钛颗粒、氧化锌颗粒或氧化铝颗粒中的至少一种无机颗粒形成的。
14.根据权利要求13所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂,其中,相对于100质量份热固性树脂组合物,光反射性导电颗粒的配混量相为1~100质量份。
15.发光装置,其中,发光元件介由权利要求1~14中任一项所述的光反射性各向异性导电粘接剂以倒装芯片方式安装于布线板。
16.根据权利要求15所述的发光装置,其中,发光元件为发光二极管。
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