CN103394171A - Large high-rise building indoor fire urgent evacuation indication escape method and system - Google Patents
Large high-rise building indoor fire urgent evacuation indication escape method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103394171A CN103394171A CN2013103355858A CN201310335585A CN103394171A CN 103394171 A CN103394171 A CN 103394171A CN 2013103355858 A CN2013103355858 A CN 2013103355858A CN 201310335585 A CN201310335585 A CN 201310335585A CN 103394171 A CN103394171 A CN 103394171A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large high-rise building indoor fire urgent evacuation indication escape method and system, and belongs to the field of high-rise building fire safety. The large high-rise building indoor fire urgent evacuation indication escape method comprises the following steps: step 1, a fire source is located; step 2, a dynamic module of fire spread is set up; step 3, according to the dynamic module of fire spread in combination with the structural information of a building, the spatial position of an ignition point and the spatial position of fire-fighting equipment in a large high-rise building are determined, predictions are made over fire spread paths, and evacuation escape routes are planned; step 4, according to the designed escape routes, site equipment is controlled in a selective mode for assisting people in evacuation. According to the large high-rise building indoor fire urgent evacuation indication escape method and system, the fire control escape routes are made based on specific fire behavior, so that evacuation time is shortened; the existing problems that when a fire breaks out, a fire control evacuation escape way is crowded , low in efficiency and disorderly and stampedes easily occur are solved fundamentally; the practical significance of improving the safe evacuation performance of the large high-rise building and reducing the property loss and casualties caused by the fire in the large high-rise building is quite high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the high building fire fighting security fields, relate to a kind of large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method and system.
Background technology
In recent years, along with going deep into of Re-search on Urbanization process, large-scale tall buildings continues to bring out, and thing followed disaster hidden-trouble also increases, and the probability that fire occurs is also rising.Large-scale tall buildings, because of the specific (special) requirements of the aspects such as equipment, facility, finishing, makes fire load greatly increase.In case electric, smoking, with fire fire accidentally, caused a large amount of property losses and casualties, and formed bad social influence.Therefore, under large-scale tall buildings security against fire and fire condition, safe escape more and more is subject to people's attention.
Large-scale tall buildings has been compared following characteristics with other buildings, and the one, the number of plies is many, and vertical range is long, and the time that is dispersed into ground or other harbor, also the president was a little; The 2nd, personnel concentrate, in case breaking out of fire easily causes confusion, crowded situation, due to the ubiquitous group psychology of crowd and Psychological phobia etc. in the evacuation process, to that be familiar with, bright route, evacuate often, have increased the difficulty of evacuating; The 3rd, during breaking out of fire, to pull out strength large due to various vertical shafts, and the intensity of a fire and smog are fast to vertical spread, have increased the difficulty of evacuating.
At present, but domestic fire-fighting and rescue car working depth is limited, and the large-scale tall buildings of putting out a fire to save life and property fire mainly bases oneself upon self fire-fighting equipment in saving oneself, and due to limitation in height, evacuating personnel rescues extremely difficult.Simultaneously, the at present escape in building only rests on self emergency evacuation identification light, and design process is simple, machinery according to standard, standard design, can not, for specific building, in conjunction with the concrete condition of a fire, there is individual difference to you can well imagine for dynamic, optimum fire-fighting evacuation escape route scheme.How, according to the on-the-spot fire alarm information of concrete fire-fighting, set up dynamic fire-fighting evacuation escape route, and emergency evacuation identification light, emergent broadcast, mobile phone fire information and route are pushed to do that as a whole assistance people escape be but a blank.
So, efficiently, fast, the fire emergency evacuation escape route of the large-scale tall buildings of science most important to fire control and disaster rescue.
Summary of the invention
in view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method and system, the fire concrete condition that the method and system collect during according to the large-scale tall buildings breaking out of fire, set up the dynamic model of fire spreading, prediction for the intensity of a fire and smoke spread characteristic, structure in conjunction with large-scale tall buildings, crowd to different floors sets up optimum fire-fighting life-saving route, thereby guarantee that all personnel in building in case of emergency can be dispersed into rapidly bottom or middle refuge story, or provide additive method to have enough degrees of safety to guarantee personnel.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method, comprise the following steps: step 1: carry out the burning things which may cause a fire disaster location; Step 2: the dynamic model of setting up fire spreading; Step 3: according to the dynamic model of fire spreading, in conjunction with fabric structure information, determine the locus of ignition point and the locus of the fire fighting device in large-scale tall buildings, the fire spreading path is predicted, escape route is evacuated in planning; Step 4: according to the escape route of design, optionally control field apparatus, the support staff evacuates.
Further, in step 1, by the burning things which may cause a fire disaster information realization burning things which may cause a fire disaster location that is arranged in the sensor in building or manually provides, described burning things which may cause a fire disaster information comprises burning things which may cause a fire disaster type and fire location.
Further, described sensor comprises temperature sensor, smoke detection sensor, infrared sensor and ultrasonic sensor.
Further, in step 2, according to the burning things which may cause a fire disaster information that obtains, inquiry and condition of a fire information and building information that this burning things which may cause a fire disaster information is complementary, comprise heat release rate, fire load, indoor combustible material characteristic, architecture structure form and building generation with a loud crash in database; According to the information that inquires, set up the fire spreading dynamic model.
Further, in step 3, according to the fire spreading dynamic model that obtains, the Gas Parameters that sensor gathers and characteristic and the human body ability to bear to noxious material, defer to and dodge high temperature and blind principle, set up floor segmentation planning, set up different optimum escape routes.
Further, in step 4, according to the fire-fighting life-saving route that makes, the path that the help crowd has planned according to system is opened fire-fighting emergency headlamp, is optionally controlled and open the fire-fighting evacuation passage along the road indicator lamp, by emergent broadcast, command and assist crowd evacuation, utilize mobile phone automatically for disaster-stricken crowd, to push real-time fire information, evacuate escape route.
Further, described method is further comprising the steps of: for preventing from reporting by mistake the generation of condition of a fire situation, in case, after the condition of a fire occurs, by data and the Field Force of early warning ignition point ambient sensors collection, manually carry out the secondary-confirmation of the condition of a fire; In the evacuation process, the continuous information that provides according to data and the Evacuation of the collection of condition of a fire spot sensor is carried out real-time correction, is improved the fire spreading dynamic model.
The present invention also provides a kind of large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape system of applying said method.This system forms by being arranged on the various kinds of sensors in the large-scale tall buildings thing, on-the-spot fire-fighting auxiliary equipment, server and control terminal, and this system can realize by said method the fire disaster emergency processing of large-scale tall buildings thing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: method and system provided by the invention is formulated the fire-fighting life-saving path based on the concrete condition of a fire, has shortened evacuation time; Crowded, the low timeliness of fire-fighting evacuation passway for escaping while fundamentally having solved breaking out of fire, confusion, easily the Problems Existing such as tread event occurs, to improving large-scale tall buildings safe escape performance, property loss and casualties that minimizing large-scale tall buildings fire causes have stronger realistic meaning.
The accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect clearer, the invention provides following accompanying drawing and describe:
Fig. 1 is schematic flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is burning things which may cause a fire disaster location schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is fire spreading Dynamic Model schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
In large-scale tall buildings, automatic alarm system is when breaking out of fire, according to the fire information that collects, set up the fire spreading dynamic model, consider the complex environment in fire architecture, actively avoid cigarette, mist, fire, set up optimum fire-fighting life-saving evacuation route, the fire-fighting illuminator of fire-fighting evacuation route, fire-fighting indication lamp, emergent broadcast, fire-fighting short message mobile phone push the personnel that make in large-scale tall buildings when breaking out of fire rapidly, efficiently withdraw.
During breaking out of fire, by the information of the various kinds of sensors collection site of scene of fire or the condition of a fire information (mainly comprising burning things which may cause a fire disaster type, fire location) that manually provides, realize the burning things which may cause a fire disaster location, as shown in Figure 2.In the present embodiment, sensor comprises temperature sensor, smoke detection sensor, infrared sensor and ultrasonic sensor, when temperature sensor or Smoke Sensor etc. detected ignition point, ultrasonic sensor and infrared sensor collection signal also realized that by least square method ignition point accurately locates in conjunction with fabric structure.
After realizing the ignition point location, according to the condition of a fire information (mainly comprising heat release rate, fire load etc.) of mating with this burning things which may cause a fire disaster in the burning things which may cause a fire disaster information that obtains (comprising type, position, power etc.) Query Database, and in conjunction with the building information in database (comprising indoor combustible material characteristic, architecture structure form, building generation with a loud crash etc.), set up the dynamic model of fire spreading, as shown in Figure 3.The fire spreading dynamic model is mainly used in the fire spreading path is predicted, mainly by the intensity of a fire being developed to scene (temperature and the speed that comprise the intensity of a fire) and fire gases parameter (comprising concentration, direction, speed etc.), predicts and realizes.
After obtaining the fire spreading dynamic model, the Gas Parameters that gathers according to sensor and characteristic and human body, to the ability to bear of noxious material, are deferred to and are dodged high temperature and blind principle, set up floor segmentation planning, set up different optimum escape routes.
Specifically, the evacuation of safety requires " required safe egress time " of evacuating personnel in large-scale tall buildings (RSET) must be less than " available safe egress time " (ASET).Required safe egress time RSET refers to from the moment on fire and plays the time of evacuating personnel to safety zone.RSET in emergency circumstances comprises detection time (t
Alarm), move the time in advance (t
pre) and evacuating personnel run duration (t
Move).
RSET=t
alarm+t
pre+t
move
During detection, can calculate and predict by the characteristic of fire spreading dynamic model and detection system, the evacuating personnel run duration depends primarily on density of personnel, evacuating personnel speed, exit width etc., can utilize simple empirical equation to predict.The pre-action time is because of the Psychological behavioral Characteristic with personnel, and at personnel's age, relevant to the sensitivity of the familiarity of building, staff response, difficult prediction, so employing is estimated average time.Available safe egress time ASET refers to that being carved into fire when on fire forms the time of precarious position to personal security.Generally, can represent precarious position according to the concentration of toxic gas in thermal radiation flux, flue-gas temperature and flue gas.
By the prediction of fire spreading dynamic model, in conjunction with obstacle in building, distribute and the fire-fighting life-saving knowledge base, and in conjunction with the above-mentioned safe escape time, choose reasonable refuge story and escape route.
After making preferred best-effort path, controller is according to the fire-fighting life-saving route that makes, open all emergent lighting lamp for fire services, the path that the help crowd has planned according to system is opened all fire-fighting emergency headlamps, is optionally controlled and open the fire-fighting evacuation passage along the road indicator lamp, by emergent broadcast, command and assist crowd evacuation, mobile phone automatically pushes and pushes real-time fire information, route for disaster-stricken crowd, as shown in Figure 1.
Finally explanation is, above preferred embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is described in detail by above preferred embodiment, but those skilled in the art are to be understood that, can to it, make various changes in the form and details, and not depart from the claims in the present invention book limited range.
Claims (8)
1. large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1: carry out the burning things which may cause a fire disaster location;
Step 2: the dynamic model of setting up fire spreading;
Step 3: according to the dynamic model of fire spreading, in conjunction with fabric structure information, determine the locus of ignition point and the locus of the fire fighting device in large-scale tall buildings, the fire spreading path is predicted, escape route is evacuated in planning;
Step 4: according to the escape route of design, optionally control field apparatus, the support staff evacuates.
2. large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 1, by the burning things which may cause a fire disaster information realization burning things which may cause a fire disaster location that is arranged in the sensor in building or manually provides, described burning things which may cause a fire disaster information comprises burning things which may cause a fire disaster type and fire location.
3. large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described sensor comprises temperature sensor, smoke detection sensor, infrared sensor and ultrasonic sensor.
4. large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in step 2, according to the burning things which may cause a fire disaster information that obtains, inquiry and condition of a fire information and building information that this burning things which may cause a fire disaster information is complementary, comprise heat release rate, fire load, indoor combustible material characteristic, architecture structure form and building generation with a loud crash in database; According to the information that inquires, set up the fire spreading dynamic model.
5. large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: in step 3, according to the fire spreading dynamic model that obtains, the Gas Parameters that sensor gathers and characteristic and the human body ability to bear to noxious material, defer to and dodge high temperature and blind principle, set up floor segmentation planning, set up different optimum escape routes.
6. large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in step 4, according to the fire-fighting life-saving route that makes, the path that the help crowd has planned according to system is opened fire-fighting emergency headlamp, is optionally controlled and open the fire-fighting evacuation passage along the road indicator lamp, by emergent broadcast, command and assist crowd evacuation, utilize mobile phone automatically for disaster-stricken crowd, to push real-time fire information, evacuate escape route.
7. large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described method is further comprising the steps of: for preventing from reporting by mistake the generation of condition of a fire situation, in case, after the generation condition of a fire, by data and the Field Force of early warning ignition point ambient sensors collection, manually carry out the secondary-confirmation of the condition of a fire; In the evacuation process, the continuous information that provides according to data and the Evacuation of the collection of condition of a fire spot sensor is carried out real-time correction, is improved the fire spreading dynamic model.
8. an application rights requires the large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape system of the described method of any one in 1 to 7.
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