CN103394171B - Large high-rise building indoor fire urgent evacuation indication escape method and system - Google Patents
Large high-rise building indoor fire urgent evacuation indication escape method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large high-rise building indoor fire urgent evacuation indication escape method and system, and belongs to the field of high-rise building fire safety. The large high-rise building indoor fire urgent evacuation indication escape method comprises the following steps: step 1, a fire source is located; step 2, a dynamic module of fire spread is set up; step 3, according to the dynamic module of fire spread in combination with the structural information of a building, the spatial position of an ignition point and the spatial position of fire-fighting equipment in a large high-rise building are determined, predictions are made over fire spread paths, and evacuation escape routes are planned; step 4, according to the designed escape routes, site equipment is controlled in a selective mode for assisting people in evacuation. According to the large high-rise building indoor fire urgent evacuation indication escape method and system, the fire control escape routes are made based on specific fire behavior, so that evacuation time is shortened; the existing problems that when a fire breaks out, a fire control evacuation escape way is crowded , low in efficiency and disorderly and stampedes easily occur are solved fundamentally; the practical significance of improving the safe evacuation performance of the large high-rise building and reducing the property loss and casualties caused by the fire in the large high-rise building is quite high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high building fire fighting security fields, relate to a kind of large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method and system.
Background technology
In recent years, along with going deep into of Re-search on Urbanization process, large-scale tall buildings continues to bring out, and thing followed disaster hidden-trouble also increases, and the probability that fire occurs is also in rising.Large-scale tall buildings, because of the particular/special requirement of the aspects such as equipment, facility, finishing, makes fire load greatly increase.Once electrically, smoking, with fire fire accidentally, cause a large amount of property losses and casualties, and form bad social influence.Therefore, under large-scale tall buildings security against fire and fire condition, safe escape is more and more subject to people's attention.
Large-scale tall buildings has following characteristics compared with other are built, and one is that the number of plies is many, and vertical range is long, and the time being dispersed into ground or other harbor, also president was a little; Two is that personnel concentrate, once breaking out of fire, easily to cause confusion, crowded situation, due to the ubiquitous group psychology of crowd and Psychological phobia etc. in evacuation process, evacuates often, add the difficulty of evacuation to that be familiar with, bright route; Three due to various vertical shaft, to pull out strength large when being breaking out of fires, the intensity of a fire and smog fast to vertical spread, add the difficulty of evacuation.
At present, domestic fire-fighting and rescue car can working depth limited, large-scale tall buildings of putting out a fire to save life and property fire mainly bases oneself upon self fire-fighting equipment in saving oneself, due to height limitation, evacuating personnel rescue extremely difficult.Simultaneously, escape in current building only rests on self emergency evacuation identification light, and design process is simple, machinery according to specification, standard design, can not, for specific building, individual difference be had to you can well imagine for dynamic, optimum fire-fighting evacuation escape route scheme in conjunction with the concrete condition of a fire.How according to the on-the-spot fire alarm information of concrete fire-fighting, set up dynamic fire-fighting evacuation escape route, and emergency evacuation identification light, emergent broadcast, mobile phone fire information and route are pushed integrally assist people's escape to be but a blank.
So efficiently, fast, the fire emergency of the large-scale tall buildings of science evacuates the most important to fire control and disaster rescue of escape route.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method and system, the method and system are according to the fire concrete condition collected during large-scale tall buildings breaking out of fire, set up the dynamic model of fire spreading, for the prediction of the intensity of a fire and smoke spread characteristic, in conjunction with the structure of large-scale tall buildings, optimum fire-fighting life-saving route is set up to the crowd of different floor, thus ensure that all personnel in building in case of emergency can be dispersed into rapidly bottom or middle refuge story, or provide additive method to ensure that personnel have enough degrees of safety.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method, comprises the following steps: step one: carry out burning things which may cause a fire disaster location; Step 2: the dynamic model setting up fire spreading; Step 3: according to the dynamic model of fire spreading, in conjunction with fabric structure information, determine the locus of the fire fighting device in the locus of ignition point and large-scale tall buildings, predict fire spreading path, escape route is evacuated in planning; Step 4: according to the escape route of design, optionally control field apparatus, support staff evacuates.
Further, in step one, by the sensor be arranged in building or the burning things which may cause a fire disaster information realization burning things which may cause a fire disaster manually provided location, described burning things which may cause a fire disaster information comprises burning things which may cause a fire disaster type and fire location.
Further, described sensor comprises temperature sensor, smoke-detecting sensor, infrared sensor and ultrasonic sensor.
Further, in step 2, according to the burning things which may cause a fire disaster information obtained, inquire about in a database and the condition of a fire information of this burning things which may cause a fire disaster information match and building information, comprise heat release rate, fire load, indoor combustible material characteristic, architecture structure form and building generation with a loud crash; Fire spreading dynamic model is set up according to the information inquired.
Further, in step 3, according to the fire spreading dynamic model obtained, the Gas Parameters that sensor gathers and characteristic and human body are to the ability to bear of noxious material, defer to and dodge high temperature and blind principle, set up floor segmentation planning, set up different optimum escape route.
Further, in step 4, according to the fire-fighting life-saving route made, help crowd opens fire-fighting emergency headlamp according to the path that system has been planned, optionally controls to open fire-fighting evacuation passage along road indicator lamp, by emergent broadcast, commander assists crowd evacuation, utilizes mobile phone automatically for disaster-stricken crowd pushes real-time fire information, evacuates escape route.
Further, described method is further comprising the steps of: for preventing the generation reporting condition of a fire situation by mistake, once after there is the condition of a fire, is manually carried out the secondary-confirmation of the condition of a fire by the data of early warning ignition point ambient sensors collection and Field Force; In evacuation process, the information constantly provided according to data and the Evacuation of the collection of condition of a fire spot sensor is carried out real-time correction, is improved fire spreading dynamic model.
Present invention also offers a kind of large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape system applying said method.This system is made up of the various kinds of sensors be arranged in large-scale tall buildings thing, on-the-spot fire-fighting auxiliary equipment, server and control terminal, and this system can realize the fire disaster emergency process of large-scale tall buildings thing by said method.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: method and system provided by the invention formulates fire-fighting life-saving path based on the concrete condition of a fire, shortens evacuation time; When fundamentally solving breaking out of fire fire-fighting evacuation passway for escaping crowded, low timeliness, confusion, easily there is the Problems Existings such as tread event, to raising large-scale tall buildings safe escape performance, the property loss that minimizing large-scale tall buildings fire causes and casualties have stronger realistic meaning.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect clearly, the invention provides following accompanying drawing and being described:
Fig. 1 is schematic flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is burning things which may cause a fire disaster location schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is fire spreading Dynamic Model schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
In large-scale tall buildings, automatic alarm system is when breaking out of fire, fire spreading dynamic model is set up according to the fire information collected, consider the complex environment in fire architecture, avoid cigarette, mist, fire actively, set up optimum fire-fighting life-saving evacuation route, the fire-fighting illuminator of fire-fighting evacuation route, fire-fighting indication lamp, emergent broadcast, fire-fighting short message mobile phone push and the personnel in large-scale tall buildings are withdrawn rapidly, efficiently when breaking out of fire.
During breaking out of fire, realize burning things which may cause a fire disaster by the information of the various kinds of sensors collection site of scene of fire or the condition of a fire information (mainly comprising burning things which may cause a fire disaster type, fire location) that manually provides and locate, as shown in Figure 2.In the present embodiment, sensor comprises temperature sensor, smoke-detecting sensor, infrared sensor and ultrasonic sensor, when temperature sensor or Smoke Sensor etc. detect ignition point, ultrasonic sensor and infrared sensor collection signal also realize ignition point in conjunction with fabric structure by least square method and accurately locate.
After realizing ignition point location, according to the condition of a fire information (mainly comprising heat release rate, fire load etc.) of mating with this burning things which may cause a fire disaster in the burning things which may cause a fire disaster information obtained (comprising type, position, power etc.) Query Database, and in conjunction with the building information (comprising indoor combustible material characteristic, architecture structure form, building generation etc. with a loud crash) in database, set up the dynamic model of fire spreading, as shown in Figure 3.Fire spreading dynamic model is mainly used in predicting fire spreading path, realizes mainly through predicting developing fire scene (comprising temperature and the speed of the intensity of a fire) and fire gases parameter (comprising concentration, direction, speed etc.).
After obtaining fire spreading dynamic model, the Gas Parameters gathered according to sensor and characteristic and human body, to the ability to bear of noxious material, are deferred to and are dodged high temperature and blind principle, set up floor segmentation planning, set up different optimum escape route.
Specifically, the evacuation of safety requires that " required safe egress time " (RSET) of evacuating personnel in large-scale tall buildings must be less than " available safe egress time " (ASET).Required safe egress time RSET refers to from the moment on fire and plays the time of evacuating personnel to safety zone.RSET in emergency circumstances comprises detection time (t
alarm), pre-actuation time (t
pre) and evacuating personnel run duration (t
move).
RSET=t
alarm+t
pre+t
move
Undertaken calculating and predicting by the characteristic of fire spreading dynamic model and detection system during detection, evacuating personnel run duration depends primarily on density of personnel, evacuating personnel speed, exit width etc., and simple empirical equation can be utilized to predict.Pre-actuation time is because of the Psychological behavioral Characteristic with personnel, age of personnel, relevant to the sensitivity of the familiarity of building, staff response, and difficult prediction, so adopt estimate average time.Available safe egress time ASET refers to the time from the moment on fire to fire, personal security being formed to precarious position.Generally, precarious position can be represented according to the concentration of toxic gas in thermal radiation flux, flue-gas temperature and flue gas.
By the prediction of fire spreading dynamic model, in conjunction with obstacle distribution and fire-fighting life-saving knowledge base in building, and in conjunction with the above-mentioned safe escape time, choose reasonable refuge story and escape route.
After making preferred best-effort path, controller is according to the fire-fighting life-saving route made, open all emergent lighting lamp for fire services, help crowd opens all fire-fighting emergency headlamps according to the path that system has been planned, optionally controls to open fire-fighting evacuation passage along road indicator lamp, by emergent broadcast, commander assists crowd evacuation, mobile phone pushes as disaster-stricken crowd pushes real-time fire information, route automatically, as shown in Figure 1.
What finally illustrate is, above preferred embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although by above preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, but those skilled in the art are to be understood that, various change can be made to it in the form and details, and not depart from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (5)
1. a large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step one: carry out burning things which may cause a fire disaster location;
Step 2: the dynamic model setting up fire spreading;
Step 3: according to the dynamic model of fire spreading, in conjunction with fabric structure information, determine the locus of the fire fighting device in the locus of ignition point and large-scale tall buildings, predict fire spreading path, escape route is evacuated in planning;
Step 4: according to the escape route of design, optionally control field apparatus, support staff evacuates;
In step one, by the sensor be arranged in building or the burning things which may cause a fire disaster information realization burning things which may cause a fire disaster manually provided location, described burning things which may cause a fire disaster information comprises burning things which may cause a fire disaster type and fire location;
Described sensor comprises temperature sensor, smoke-detecting sensor, infrared sensor and ultrasonic sensor;
In step 2, according to the burning things which may cause a fire disaster information obtained, inquire about in a database and the condition of a fire information of this burning things which may cause a fire disaster information match and building information, comprise heat release rate, fire load, indoor combustible material characteristic, architecture structure form and building generation with a loud crash; Fire spreading dynamic model is set up according to the information inquired.
2. large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 3, according to the fire spreading dynamic model obtained, the Gas Parameters that sensor gathers and characteristic and human body are to the ability to bear of noxious material, defer to and dodge high temperature and blind principle, set up floor segmentation planning, set up different optimum escape route.
3. large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in step 4, according to the fire-fighting life-saving route made, help crowd opens fire-fighting emergency headlamp according to the path that system has been planned, optionally controls to open fire-fighting evacuation passage along road indicator lamp, by emergent broadcast, commander assists crowd evacuation, utilizes mobile phone automatically for disaster-stricken crowd pushes real-time fire information, evacuates escape route.
4. large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described method is further comprising the steps of: for preventing from reporting by mistake the generation of condition of a fire situation, once after the generation condition of a fire, manually carried out the secondary-confirmation of the condition of a fire by the data of early warning ignition point ambient sensors collection and Field Force; In evacuation process, the information constantly provided according to data and the Evacuation of the collection of condition of a fire spot sensor is carried out real-time correction, is improved fire spreading dynamic model.
5. the large-scale tall buildings inside fire emergent evacuation direction escape system of method described in an application rights requirement 1.
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