CN107679275A - A kind of fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method based on BIM technology - Google Patents
A kind of fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method based on BIM technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fire-fighting life-saving based on BIM technology to evacuate analogy method, and it includes step：Threedimensional model is established using Autodesk Revit softwares；The threedimensional model of foundation is exported to Pathfinder and evacuated in software；Extract the evacuation space in threedimensional model；Labeled as emergency exit；The evacuation personnel of setting and personnel's movement velocity；Evacuation operation emulation is carried out, obtains generating evacuation space number change curve and emergency exit number change curve；Whether observation is reasonable the time required to judging evacuation；Observation judges whether the emergency exit stream of people is reasonable；For irrational, re-flag emergency exit and re-start evacuation operation emulation, until rationally；The emergency exit data marked in output evacuation space, update building structure threedimensional model.The present invention combines BIM technology and Pathfinder evacuations analogue technique can carry out dispersal plan analog demenstration in advance and scheme progress specific aim is optimized and revised, and formulates optimal escape route.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fire-fighting life-saving to evacuate analogue technique, more particularly to a kind of fire-fighting life-saving evacuation based on BIM technology
Analogy method.
Background technology
With expanding economy, all kinds of large public buildings are also more and more in city, filled used by its inside fitting
Repair and contain a large amount of combustibles in material, it is built or in use, fire once occurs, personnel escape's evacuation in building is exactly to build
Lifeline, do not allow the least bit to neglect.Assemble space, or museum, car in special populations such as skyscraper, kindergarten, schools
The public space such as stand, it appears particularly important.In the past accident imagine by two-dimentional drawing or drilled on the spot, two dimension
Epoch often can not intuitively show various relations with a kind of limitation.
The content of the invention
To solve above-mentioned the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of fire-fighting life-saving evacuation based on BIM technology
Analogy method, dispersal plan analog demenstration can be carried out and how specific aim adjustment, which optimizes, is carried out to scheme, formulate optimal escape
Route.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of fire-fighting life-saving evacuation mould based on BIM technology
Plan method, it includes step：
Building structure threedimensional model is established using Autodesk Revit softwares；
The building structure threedimensional model of foundation is exported to Pathfinder from the Autodesk Revit softwares and evacuated
In software；
The evacuation space in the building structure threedimensional model is extracted using Pathfinder evacuation softwares；
It is emergency exit by the door body in the evacuation space and stair position mark, keeps coherent inside evacuation space；
A number of evacuation personnel are set in evacuation space, the movement velocity of evacuation personnel, simulated accident hair are set
The true personnel at raw scene；
Evacuation operation emulation is carried out using Pathfinder evacuation softwares, obtains the people of evacuation space and emergency exit
Number changes with time, and generates evacuation space number change curve and emergency exit number change curve；
It is whether reasonable the time required to evacuation is judged from from the evacuation space number change curve；
Judge whether the emergency exit stream of people is reasonable from from the emergency exit number change curve；
The time required to for evacuation and/or the emergency exit stream of people is irrational, re-flags emergency exit and re-starts
Evacuation operation emulation, until obtained evacuation required time and the emergency exit stream of people are reasonable；And
The emergency exit data marked in the evacuation space are exported, update the building structure threedimensional model.
Fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method of the present invention based on BIM technology, which is further improved, to be, the Autodesk
The building structure threedimensional model that Revit softwares are established is exported to the Pathfinder with dxf files and evacuated in software.
Fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method of the present invention based on BIM technology, which is further improved, to be, described in the utilization
The step of Pathfinder evacuation softwares extract the evacuation space in the building structure threedimensional model, including：Using described
Pathfinder evacuation softwares extract the floor and stair that evacuation floor is treated in the building structure threedimensional model, and generation evacuation is empty
Between.
Fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method of the present invention based on BIM technology, which is further improved, to be, described in the utilization
Pathfinder evacuation softwares, which carry out the step of evacuation operation emulates, to be included：
The closeness that evacuation personnel are carried out to the evacuation space is set；
Presence based on barrier, infeasible region is set in evacuation space, carries out removal of obstacle；And
Setting based on emergency exit, dry run is carried out using Pathfinder evacuation softwares.
Fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method of the present invention based on BIM technology, which is further improved, to be, the evacuation space
Number change curve is the linear relationship chart that the number in the evacuation space changes over time；
And wherein, it is described from the evacuation space number change curve from judge evacuation the time required to whether close
The step of reason, includes：
Corresponding time value when number is null value from from evacuation space number change curve, and with the time value
The time required to evacuation；
By the evacuation required time of acquisition compared with actually available evacuation time；
It is more than actually available evacuation time the time required to for evacuation, is evaluated as unreasonable；
It is less than or equal to available safe evacuation time the time required to for evacuation, is evaluated as rationally.
Fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method of the present invention based on BIM technology, which is further improved, to be, described actually available
Evacuation time is according to building structure situation and accident a situation arises evacuation time threshold value set in advance.
Fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method of the present invention based on BIM technology, which is further improved, to be, the emergency exit
Number change curve is the linear relationship chart that the number at emergency exit changes over time；
And wherein, it is described from the emergency exit number change curve from judge whether the emergency exit stream of people closes
The step of reason, includes：
Preset the number threshold value of passing through at emergency exit；
Number exceedes the situation for the number threshold value that can pass through from from emergency exit number change curve；
In the presence of in the case of the number that gets exceedes and can pass through number threshold value, it is evaluated as unreasonable；
For do not get number exceed can pass through number threshold value in the case of in the presence of, be evaluated as rationally.
Fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method of the present invention based on BIM technology, which is further improved, to be, described in the utilization
Pathfinder evacuation softwares carry out the step of evacuation operation emulates and also obtain evacuation route；
And wherein, described the step of re-flagging emergency exit, includes：
Observation judges the evacuation route, extracts evacuation route process or close crowded in the evacuation space
Position, and it is labeled as emergency exit.
Fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method of the present invention based on BIM technology, which is further improved, to be, described in the output
The emergency exit data marked in evacuation space, the step of updating the building structure threedimensional model, include：According to dredging for output
Outlet data is dissipated, utilizes building structure threedimensional model described in the Autodesk Revit software upgradings.
Due to using above technical scheme, what is made it have has the beneficial effect that the present invention：It is soft using Autodesk Revit
Part establishes threedimensional model, exports dxf formatted files and imports in Pathfinder evacuation softwares, Revit threedimensional model is turned
Change evacuation model, with reference to BIM technology visualization property, optimization property, can simulation the characteristics of, in advance carry out dispersal plan simulation drills
Show and specific aim is carried out to scheme and optimize and revise, formulate optimal escape route.
Brief description of the drawings
Technical scheme in order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, make required in being described below to embodiment
Accompanying drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method based on BIM technology in embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the evacuation personnel positions distribution map in embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the evacuation space number change curve in embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the emergency exit number change curve in embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific instantiation, those skilled in the art can be by this specification
Disclosed content understands other advantages and effect of the present invention easily.The present invention can also pass through specific realities different in addition
The mode of applying is embodied or practiced, the various details in this specification can also be based on different viewpoints with application, without departing from
Various modifications or alterations are carried out under the spirit of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of fire-fighting life-saving based on BIM technology to evacuate simulation application method.In daily life, accident
Often occur, personnel evacuation simulation preferably can be expressed more intuitively evacuation process, shifted to an earlier date by the simulation of evacuation
The relation of prediction evacuation time used, people and space, so as to obtain more preferable solution.With BIM technology development and
Using with escaping, simulation softward (Pathfinder) carries out personnel evacuation simulation to BIM models, sets best-effort path and dredges
The number of dissipating simultaneously studies parameter setting, obtains evacuating path, emergency exit number curve map and region number change curve,
There is great importance to formulating a set of rational fire-fighting evacuation prediction scheme and actual person evacuation.And the present invention describes profit
Threedimensional model is established with Autodesk Revit softwares, dxf formatted files is exported and imports evacuation simulation softward Pathfinder
In, Revit threedimensional model is changed into evacuation model, with reference to BIM technology visualization property, optimization property, can simulation the characteristics of,
Dispersal plan analog demenstration is carried out in advance and specific aim is carried out to scheme optimizing and revising, formulate optimal escape route.
BIM (Building Information Modeling, abbreviation BIM) can be true, complete, rigorous
Expression building and architectural environment in Virtual Space, it is emergent thin based on BIM models couplings evacuation simulation softward (Pathfinder)
Prediction scheme simulation softward is dissipated, can not only generate the emergency evacuation prediction scheme simulation animation for possessing 3D effect of visualization true to nature, it is most important
It is reasonable utilization fire escape, formulates emergency evacuation prediction scheme that is many-sided, considering more.Therefore, using BIM models virtual empty
Between middle simulation evacuation, optimal emergency evacuation scheme can be drawn closest to true.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the present invention is further detailed explanation.
As shown in fig.1, a kind of fire-fighting life-saving evacuation simulation side based on BIM technology is provided in embodiments of the invention
Method, it is mainly included the following steps that：
StepRapid 101：Building structure threedimensional model is established using Autodesk Revit softwares；
Specifically, building structure threedimensional model can be built using Autodesk Revit softwares according to two-dimentional drawing.
Wherein, Autodesk Revit softwares towards BIM (Building Information Model, letter
Claim BIM) and build, support Sustainable Design, collision detection, Construction Specifications and construction, at the same help with engineer, contractor and
Owner preferably links up cooperation.Having altered in design process can all be realized more in relevant design with being automatically updated in document
Add harmonious flow, obtain relatively reliable design documentation.
Step 102：The building structure threedimensional model of foundation is exported to Pathfinder from Autodesk Revit softwares
Evacuate in software；
Wherein, the building structure threedimensional model that Autodesk Revit softwares are established is exported with dxf files, then is imported into
In Pathfinder evacuation softwares.
Pathfinder evacuation softwares are an emergency exit simulators, are integrated with user interface and three-dimensional animation effect；
Can evacuation model, and produce graphical effect more real than other simulators more quickly.It is strong that Pathfinder combines function
Big simulation engine, neatly population controlling and behavior, to provide more preferable result.Therefore, can be evacuated in Pathfinder
Software carries out evacuating personnel operation method emulation.
Step 103：Utilize the evacuation space in Pathfinder evacuation software extraction building structure threedimensional models；
Specifically, after building structure threedimensional model imports, the floor of personnel activity, landing are extracted (if model is in
Closed state, can first hidden parts wall, then extraction setting is carried out to floor；It is may also set up to the floor set to cut open
Face height, is hidden to part floor), evacuation space is generated, the evacuation space is that the building of pending evacuation simulation is empty
Between, can be multilayer floor.
Step 104：It is emergency exit by the door body in evacuation space and stair position mark, keeps connecting inside evacuation space
Pass through；
Specifically, outlet setting is carried out to stair, door body, it is ensured that the continuity between space and space, ensure follow-up
Personnel in evacuation operation emulation are provided with complete best-effort path.
Step 105：A number of evacuation personnel are set in evacuation space, the movement velocity of evacuation personnel, mould are set
The true personnel at scene occur for plan accident；
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2 carrying out the setting of personnel amount and personnel's movement velocity to the evacuation space of extraction,
So that evacuation personnel can preferably simulate situation when a fault occurs during evacuation.
Step 106：UtilizePathfinder evacuates softwareEvacuation operation emulation is carried out, obtains evacuation space and emergency exit Number change with time, generate evacuation space number change curve and emergency exit number change curve；
Coordinate shown in Fig. 3, evacuation space number change curve changes over time linear for the number in evacuation space
Graph of a relation；Again as shown in figure 4, emergency exit number change curve is the linear pass that the number at emergency exit changes over time
System's figure.
If barrier be present, barrier threedimensional model is created using BIM threedimensional models, with building structure threedimensional model phase
Imported with step in existing evacuation model, by the position of infeasible region during mobile control evacuation, and assign it one
Individual separate space；
In the self-defined setting extra exit of evacuation model spatial edge, and it is set to extra exit terminal；
Evacuation operation emulation is carried out using Pathfinder evacuation softwares, after above step is provided with, passes through software Run
The operation emulation of Simulation functions, operation result automatically generate the total time after evacuation animation and statistician's safe escape,
The number for obtaining evacuation space and emergency exit changes with time, and generates evacuation space number change curve and emergency exit
Number change curve.
Wherein, the step of carrying out evacuation operation emulation using Pathfinder evacuation softwares, may particularly include：
1) closeness that evacuation personnel are carried out to the evacuation space based on BIM threedimensional models is set, can be by according to floor
Total number of persons random distribution or definition evacuation densely populated place degree two ways are set；
2) presence based on barrier, infeasible region is set in evacuation space, carries out removal of obstacle；
3) setting of escape way；Enter the setting of row of channels up and down to floor, the width degree of passage can be led to by model
Road space size is defined, it is ensured that is penetrated between passage and space；
4) setting of extra exit；Evacuation space border sets extra exit, the size of emergency exit, can be gone out according to model
Mouthful width is set.
5) by above-mentioned setting, meet evacuation space necessary to the animation simulation of evacuation, evacuate personnel, fire escape with
And the integrality of extra exit, dry run is carried out using software, operation result is automatically generated, can be directly viewable.Step 107： It is whether reasonable the time required to evacuation is judged from from evacuation space number change curve；
Coordinate shown in Fig. 3, the step specifically may include：
Corresponding time value when number is null value from from evacuation space number change curve, and with the time value
The time required to evacuation；
By the evacuation required time of acquisition compared with actually available evacuation time；
It is more than actually available evacuation time the time required to for evacuation, is evaluated as unreasonable；And
It is less than or equal to available safe evacuation time the time required to for evacuation, is evaluated as rationally.
And wherein, actually available evacuation time be according to building structure situation and accident a situation arises it is set in advance dredge
Dissipate time threshold or some specific value.
Step 108：Judge whether the emergency exit stream of people is reasonable from from emergency exit number change curve；
Coordinate shown in Fig. 4, show that the stream of people at multiple emergency exits changes with time in figure, wherein some occurred
Peak value represents current time stream of people maximum, most by the number of the emergency exit.The step 108 specifically may include：
Pass through number threshold value or a certain particular value at emergency exit are preset, can be according to the physics spy of emergency exit
Sign is set, and such as when emergency exit is door body, calculate it by the length and width dimensions of emergency exit allows to pass through in synchronization
Maximum number；When emergency exit is stair, by the numbers of steps of stair, step width, stair length and turn feature etc.,
Calculate its maximum number for allowing to pass through in synchronization；
Number exceedes the situation for the number threshold value that can pass through from from emergency exit number change curve；
In the presence of in the case of the number that gets exceedes and can pass through number threshold value, it is evaluated as unreasonable；And
For do not get number exceed can pass through number threshold value in the case of in the presence of, be evaluated as rationally.
Step 109：For evacuation the time required to and/or the emergency exit stream of people it is irrational, re-flag emergency exit and
Evacuation operation emulation is re-started, until obtained evacuation required time and the emergency exit stream of people are reasonable；
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 106 using Pathfinder evacuation software carry out evacuation operation emulation the step of also obtain
Evacuation route；
Also, in step 109 is the step of re-flagging emergency exit, it may include：
Observation judges the evacuation route, extracts evacuation route process or close crowded in the evacuation space
Position, and it is labeled as emergency exit.
Step 110：The emergency exit data marked in the evacuation space are exported, update the building structure three-dimensional mould
Type.
Specifically, Autodesk Revit software upgradings building structure three can be utilized according to the emergency exit data of output
Dimension module, reach optimization Autodesk Revit modelings.
The present invention obtains evacuation time, route, the space amount of evacuating an endless flow of people, the stream of people is on evacuation road by evacuating operation emulation
The data such as the degree of crowding in footpath carry out escape route layout data, meanwhile, it also can intuitively be evacuated and flowed by every floor layer personage
Cardon is intuitively observed, and evacuation crowd required time, route, movement of population density degree is analyzed, to appearance not
Rationally, it is unsatisfactory for situation to modify processing, exports new evacuation data again, obtains and more reasonably solve method, so as to
Obtain optimal escape route.
The present invention establishes threedimensional model using Autodesk Revit softwares, exports dxf formatted files and imports evacuation mould
Intend in software Pathfinder, Revit threedimensional model is changed into evacuation model, with reference to BIM technology visualization property, can optimize
Property, can simulation the characteristics of, carry out dispersal plan analog demenstration in advance and specific aim carried out to scheme to optimize and revise, formulate optimal
Escape route.
The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with prior art is：
(1) BIM evacuation models (Revit models are imported into Pathfinder) are based on, pass through animation simulation personnel
Evacuation route, it is determined that most preferably evacuating path.
(2) BIM evacuation models are based on, it is clear intuitively to find area people present position, there is provided fire-fighting and rescue scheme.
(3) BIM evacuation models are based on, analogue simulation personnel are true to nature, directly perceived, and evacuation process is intended to reality, expression effect
It is more direct.
It should be noted that structure, ratio, size depicted in this specification institute accompanying drawings etc., only coordinating
Content disclosed in bright book, so that those skilled in the art understands and reads, it is not limited to the enforceable limit of the present invention
Fixed condition, therefore do not have technical essential meaning, the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size, not
Influence under the effect of present invention can be generated and the purpose that can reach, all should still fall and be obtained in disclosed technology contents
In the range of covering.It is meanwhile cited such as " on ", " under ", "left", "right", " centre " and " one " etc. in this specification
Term, understanding for narration is merely convenient to, and is not used to limit the enforceable scope of the present invention, the change of its relativeness or tune
It is whole, in the case where changing technology contents without essence, when being also considered as the enforceable category of the present invention.
Described above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not does any formal limitation to the present invention, though
So the present invention is disclosed above with preferred embodiment, but is not limited to the present invention, any to be familiar with this professional technology people
Member, in the range of technical solution of the present invention is not departed from, when the technology contents using the disclosure above make a little change or repair
The equivalent embodiment for equivalent variations is adornd, as long as being the content without departing from technical solution of the present invention, the technology according to the present invention is real
Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification that confrontation above example is made, still fall within the scope of technical solution of the present invention
It is interior.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method based on BIM technology, it is characterised in that including step：
Building structure threedimensional model is established using Autodesk Revit softwares；
The building structure threedimensional model of foundation is exported to Pathfinder from the Autodesk Revit softwares and evacuates software
In；
The evacuation space in the building structure threedimensional model is extracted using Pathfinder evacuation softwares；
It is emergency exit by the door body in the evacuation space and stair position mark, keeps coherent inside evacuation space；
A number of evacuation personnel are set in evacuation space, the movement velocity of evacuation personnel is set, simulated accident occurs existing
The true personnel of field；
Carry out evacuation operation emulation using Pathfinder evacuation softwares, obtain the number of evacuation space and emergency exit with
The change of time, generate evacuation space number change curve and emergency exit number change curve；
It is whether reasonable the time required to evacuation is judged from from the evacuation space number change curve；
Judge whether the emergency exit stream of people is reasonable from from the emergency exit number change curve；
The time required to for evacuation and/or the emergency exit stream of people is irrational, re-flags emergency exit and re-starts evacuation
Operation emulation, until reasonable with the emergency exit stream of people the time required to obtained evacuation；And
The emergency exit data marked in the evacuation space are exported, update the building structure threedimensional model.
2. the fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method based on BIM technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The building structure threedimensional model that Autodesk Revit softwares are established is exported to the Pathfinder with dxf files and evacuated
In software.
3. the fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method based on BIM technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the utilization
The step of Pathfinder evacuations software extracts the evacuation space in the building structure threedimensional model, including：Using institute
State Pathfinder evacuation softwares and extract the floor and stair that evacuation floor is treated in the building structure threedimensional model, generation evacuation
Space.
4. the fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method based on BIM technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the utilization
The Pathfinder evacuations software, which carries out the step of evacuation operation emulates, to be included：
The closeness that evacuation personnel are carried out to the evacuation space is set；
Presence based on barrier, infeasible region is set in evacuation space, carries out removal of obstacle；And
Setting based on emergency exit, dry run is carried out using Pathfinder evacuation softwares.
5. the fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method based on BIM technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the evacuation
Space number change curve is the linear relationship chart that the number in the evacuation space changes over time；
And wherein, it is described from the evacuation space number change curve from judge evacuation the time required to it is whether rational
Step includes：
Corresponding time value when number is null value from from evacuation space number change curve, and using the time value as
The time required to evacuation；
By the evacuation required time of acquisition compared with actually available evacuation time；
It is more than actually available evacuation time the time required to for evacuation, is evaluated as unreasonable；
It is less than or equal to available safe evacuation time the time required to for evacuation, is evaluated as rationally.
6. the fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method based on BIM technology as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the reality
Available safe evacuation time is according to building structure situation and accident a situation arises evacuation time threshold value set in advance.
7. the fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method based on BIM technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the evacuation
Outlet number change curve is the linear relationship chart that the number at emergency exit changes over time；
And wherein, it is described from the emergency exit number change curve from judge whether the emergency exit stream of people rational
Step includes：
Preset the number threshold value of passing through at emergency exit；
Number exceedes the situation for the number threshold value that can pass through from from emergency exit number change curve；
In the presence of in the case of the number that gets exceedes and can pass through number threshold value, it is evaluated as unreasonable；
For do not get number exceed can pass through number threshold value in the case of in the presence of, be evaluated as rationally.
8. the fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method based on BIM technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the utilization
The Pathfinder evacuations software carries out the step of evacuation operation emulates and also obtains evacuation route；
And wherein, described the step of re-flagging emergency exit, includes：
Observation judges the evacuation route, extracts evacuation route process crowded in the evacuation space or close position
Put, and be labeled as emergency exit.
9. the fire-fighting life-saving evacuation analogy method based on BIM technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the output
The emergency exit data marked in the evacuation space, the step of updating the building structure threedimensional model, include：According to output
Emergency exit data, utilize building structure threedimensional model described in the Autodesk Revit software upgradings.
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