CN113947014A - BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method, terminal and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method, a terminal and a storage medium, and belongs to the field of tunnel safety. The method comprises the steps of obtaining building data information of a target tunnel, correspondingly creating a three-dimensional model in a BIM system and transmitting the three-dimensional model to a tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system; the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system carries out fire simulation and inputs a simulation result into a resource library and a rescue scheme module of the BIM system; the rescue scheme module produces an emergency rescue scheme and transmits the emergency rescue scheme to the case analysis module; the case analysis module drills the scheme and stores the scheme in a resource library; when a tunnel fire occurs, the BIM system searches the resource library according to the fire data monitored on site, matches the corresponding fire scene and outputs a corresponding emergency rescue scheme. The invention is based on the BIM technology, can provide fire scene information and an effective rescue scheme for emergency rescue personnel in time according to on-site real-time monitoring data, and provides great convenience for emergency rescue of tunnel fire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel safety, and particularly relates to a BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method, a BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue terminal and a BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue storage medium.
Background
Along with the development of economy, the country increases the infrastructure development of western regions and remote regions, for example, the tunnel of the tibetan railway accounts for 84.43% of the line length, the proportion of long tunnels is high, and emergency managers lack an intelligent fire early warning and emergency rescue system in daily management.
The existing tunnel emergency rescue system has the defects of low visualization degree, long emergency rescue time, intelligent monitoring of tunnel structure parameters under the condition of not considering fire and the like; in the emergency rescue process, the safety of emergency rescue personnel cannot be guaranteed, and the vital signs of all the personnel need to be monitored in real time in the emergency rescue process; the formulation of an emergency rescue scheme, the mobilization of emergency rescue force and the control of emergency rescue time need more scientific comprehensive research.
Therefore, how to remotely perform intelligent emergency rescue, intelligently monitor the safety of the tunnel structure, accelerate the evacuation speed of people and reduce the time for emergency rescue personnel to arrive at the site is a great technical problem to be solved urgently by the personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method, including:
acquiring building data information of a target tunnel;
correspondingly creating a three-dimensional model of the tunnel in a BIM system according to the building data information of the target tunnel and transmitting the three-dimensional model to a tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system;
the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system carries out personnel evacuation simulation, fire scene simulation and structural scene simulation according to the three-dimensional model of the tunnel, and simulation results are respectively input into a resource library and a rescue scheme module of the BIM system in the form of evacuation scene cases, fire scene cases and fire scene parameter data;
the rescue scheme module generates an emergency rescue scheme according to the evacuation scene case, the fire scene case and the fire scene parameter data, and transmits the emergency rescue scheme to the case analysis module of the BIM system;
the case analysis module drills the emergency rescue scheme, stores the generated data into a resource library and matches the data with corresponding evacuation scene cases, fire scene cases and fire scene parameter data;
when a tunnel fire occurs, the BIM system searches the resource library according to the fire data monitored on site, matches the corresponding fire scene and outputs a corresponding emergency rescue scheme.
According to the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, when the BIM system creates a three-dimensional model of a target tunnel, corresponding material attributes are given to each structural member of the tunnel.
According to the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system adopts Pathfinder personnel evacuation software to perform personnel evacuation simulation, adopts FDS fire simulation software to perform fire scene simulation, and adopts ANSYS finite element analysis software to perform structural scene simulation.
According to the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, when Pathfinder personnel evacuation software is adopted for personnel evacuation simulation and FDS fire simulation software is adopted for fire scene simulation, a target recognition algorithm is used for marking the key position of the tunnel.
According to the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, the target identification algorithm comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting n tunnel pictures of different types as training data;
constructing a full convolution neural network model, setting 13 layers of neural networks, 10 layers of convolution layers and 3 layers of full connection layers, respectively setting the Filter sizes of the convolution layers to be 14, 28, 36, 28, 14 and 14, respectively, setting the number of the full connection layers to be 512, and simultaneously connecting the U-shaped upper structure and the U-shaped lower structure by using a Densenet structure;
thirdly, training the full convolution neural model, and taking n1The picture is a training picture, the lining, the hole body, the hole opening, the air outlet and the key part of the safety scattering opening on the tunnel of each picture are identified by using the edge profile, and the recording and the identification are carried out;
fourthly, checking the trained full convolution neural network model, and taking n2Taking the picture as a test picture to test;
fifthly, after the target tunnel three-dimensional model created by the BIM system is transmitted to the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system,
identifying each key part of the tunnel by using a tested full convolution neural network model in FDS fire simulation software, and setting a fire source;
and identifying the safety evacuation port of the tunnel by using a tested full convolution neural network model in Pathfinger personnel evacuation software, and carrying out personnel evacuation simulation.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a terminal including,
the BIM system comprises a modeling module for three-dimensional modeling of the tunnel, a model transmission module for transmitting three-dimensional modeling data, a resource library for storing evacuation scene cases, fire scene parameter data and rescue schemes, and a case analysis module for simulating a rehearsal rescue scheme;
the rescue scheme module is used for generating an emergency rescue scheme according to the evacuation scene case, the fire scene case and the fire scene parameter data and transmitting the emergency rescue scheme to the case analysis module of the BIM system;
the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system is used for carrying out fire simulation on a tunnel three-dimensional model transmitted by the BIM system and inputting simulation results into a resource library and a rescue scheme module of the BIM system in the form of evacuation scene cases, fire scene cases and fire scene parameter data respectively;
the field data monitoring module is used for monitoring the field fire condition of the tunnel and transmitting the monitoring data to the BIM system;
the BIM system also comprises a data receiving and matching module, which receives the monitoring data transmitted by the field data monitoring module, matches the fire scene in the resource library and outputs a corresponding rescue scheme.
The terminal according to the embodiment of the present invention optionally further includes:
the emergency equipment system comprises an exhaust fan, an emergency evacuation map, an emergency illuminating lamp, an evacuation indicating lamp and a spraying/sprinkling unit which are arranged in the tunnel, and is remotely controlled according to an output rescue scheme;
a personnel equipment monitoring system for monitoring rescue equipment reserves, personnel wireless communications, personnel paths, and vital signs.
According to the terminal provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, after the fire rescue work is finished, the rescue scheme corresponding to the fire scene is dynamically corrected according to the parameter data recorded by the field data monitoring module and the personnel and equipment monitoring system, and the corrected rescue scheme is updated to the rescue scheme matched with the fire scene in the resource library.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided another terminal, comprising a processor, an input device, an output device and a memory, wherein the processor, the input device, the output device and the memory are connected to each other, wherein the memory is used for storing a computer program, the computer program comprises program instructions, and the processor is configured to execute the program instructions to execute the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method of the present invention.
According to other aspects of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method of the present invention.
The BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method can realize tunnel fire early warning and emergency rescue management under various scenes such as different fire types, fire scales, fire positions and the like, and can store data of numerical simulation, emergency equipment systems and emergency rescue to a resource library by combining the terminal; evacuation paths of personnel and vehicles can be scientifically planned, and emergency equipment in a tunnel field in a tunnel can be intelligently controlled; and scientifically and dynamically formulating an emergency rescue scheme, mobilizing emergency rescue force, controlling emergency rescue time, strengthening the monitoring of the safety of corresponding emergency rescue personnel, and forming a high-efficiency intelligent tunnel fire early warning and emergency rescue management visual platform together.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not limiting on the present invention.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a full convolutional neural network model architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1
Aiming at the defects that the current tunnel emergency rescue system is low in visualization degree, long in emergency rescue time, intelligent monitoring of tunnel structure parameters under the condition that fire is not considered, and the safety of emergency rescue personnel cannot be guaranteed in the emergency rescue process, the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method is designed in the embodiment.
The BIM tunnel fire emergency rescue method comprises the following steps:
acquiring building data information of a target tunnel;
correspondingly creating a three-dimensional model of the tunnel in a BIM system according to the building data information of the target tunnel and transmitting the three-dimensional model to a tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system;
the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system carries out personnel evacuation simulation, fire scene simulation and structural scene simulation according to the three-dimensional model of the tunnel, and simulation results are respectively input into a resource library and a rescue scheme module of the BIM system in the form of evacuation scene cases, fire scene cases and fire scene parameter data;
the rescue scheme module generates an emergency rescue scheme according to the evacuation scene case, the fire scene case and the fire scene parameter data, and transmits the emergency rescue scheme to the case analysis module of the BIM system;
the case analysis module drills the emergency rescue scheme, stores the generated data into a resource library and matches the data with corresponding evacuation scene cases, fire scene cases and fire scene parameter data;
when a tunnel fire occurs, the BIM system searches the resource library according to the fire data monitored on site, matches the corresponding fire scene and outputs a corresponding emergency rescue scheme.
Further, when the BIM system creates the three-dimensional model of the target tunnel, corresponding material attributes are given to each structural member of the tunnel.
Furthermore, the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system adopts Pathfinger personnel evacuation software to carry out personnel evacuation simulation, adopts FDS fire simulation software to carry out fire scene simulation, and adopts ANSYS finite element analysis software to carry out structural scene simulation.
Further, when personnel evacuation simulation is carried out by adopting Pathfinger personnel evacuation software and fire scene simulation is carried out by adopting FDS fire simulation software, the key positions of the tunnels are marked by using a target identification algorithm, and the target identification algorithm comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting n tunnel pictures of different types as training data;
constructing a full convolution neural network model, setting 13 layers of neural networks, 10 layers of convolution layers and 3 layers of full connection layers, respectively setting the Filter sizes of the convolution layers to be 14, 28, 36, 28, 14 and 14, respectively, setting the number of the full connection layers to be 512, and simultaneously connecting the U-shaped upper structure and the U-shaped lower structure by using a Densenet structure;
thirdly, training the full convolution neural model, and taking n1The picture is a training picture, the lining, the hole body, the hole opening, the air outlet and the key part of the safety scattering opening on the tunnel of each picture are identified by using the edge profile, and the recording and the identification are carried out;
fourthly, checking the trained full convolution neural network model, and taking n2Taking the picture as a test picture to test;
fifthly, after the target tunnel three-dimensional model created by the BIM system is transmitted to the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system,
identifying each key part of the tunnel by using a tested full convolution neural network model in FDS fire simulation software, and setting a fire source;
and identifying the safety evacuation port of the tunnel by using a tested full convolution neural network model in Pathfinger personnel evacuation software, and carrying out personnel evacuation simulation.
The BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method can achieve early warning and emergency rescue management of tunnel fires under various scenes such as different fire types, fire scales and fire positions, can scientifically plan evacuation paths of personnel and vehicles, scientifically and dynamically formulates emergency rescue schemes, and provides great convenience for tunnel fire emergency rescue.
Example 2
In the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method, as shown in FIG. 1, the building data information obtained in the embodiment includes drawing information such as the azimuth, the size, the elevation and the like of the tunnel, and information such as building materials, material parameters and the like of the tunnel, and a three-dimensional model of the tunnel is established in a BIM system based on the BIM technology and the collected building data information of the target tunnel;
in the embodiment, the BIM system extracts required information by using a Revit API, then converts an information format, and finally sends the information, wherein the Revit API stores the building data of the tunnel into an EXCEL form, processes the form data of the EXCEL, gives BIM related structure information such as structure section material, family and the like in the EXCEL, and secondarily develops and establishes a structure model; the main class structure of the Revit API comprises an application class and a document class, wherein the application class is the application of the Revit function and provides data access and setting of documents, options and other application ranges, the document class is used for showing the opening of the Autodesk Revit project, the embodiment carries out secondary development on the Revit, improves the working efficiency, uses the API to carry out batch operation, expands the functions of the Revit, repairs incomplete functions of the Revit or adds the incomplete functions, can be butted with other systems, and further butted with various analysis or simulation software;
in the embodiment, a DXF file in BIM is imported into Pyrosim to construct a tunnel model, a three-dimensional model of the tunnel is established, the three-dimensional model comprises building information, facility positions, building materials and quantity, material parameters comprise physical properties such as density, specific heat capacity, heat conductivity coefficient, combustion heat and the like, and Pyrosim comprises a material property parameter database which can be matched with the material properties of the three-dimensional model of the BIM system and endows the heat conductivity coefficient and the insulation parameters of the material; the method comprises the following steps of establishing a three-dimensional model based on a BIM system, on the basis of drawing information such as the azimuth, the size and the elevation of a tunnel and the like, and by combining a BIM data converter and inputting terminal data; in addition, based on the BIM as a main information integration and scene display platform, the BIM software adopts Revit to draw a DXF file format and a BIM, and the DXF file comprises a three-dimensional model and material parameter data of the tunnel.
After a three-dimensional model of a tunnel is established in BIM, the three-dimensional model is transmitted to a tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system, wherein the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system comprises a Pathfinder personnel evacuation software module, an FDS fire simulation software module and an ANSYS finite element analysis software module; wherein,
the Pathfinder personnel evacuation software can set an escape path and the number of evacuated people according to the imported tunnel three-dimensional model, and research parameter setting to obtain an evacuation track route, an evacuation exit people number curve and a regional people number change curve graph, so that the Pathfinder personnel evacuation software has important guiding significance for actual personnel evacuation;
FDS fire simulation software can simulate various fire scenes based on the introduced tunnel three-dimensional model, and carry out effect analysis on temperature, smoke concentration and a spraying system on the fire scenes with different fire source shapes, fire source sizes, fire source positions and tunnel shape and size;
ANSYS finite element analysis software can simulate a structural scene aiming at the introduced three-dimensional model from year to year, and simulate and analyze strain distribution, crack width, tunnel settlement, longitudinal settlement distribution and the like of different longitudinal positions of the tunnel in a fire scene;
each module of this embodiment tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system combines BIM technical visualization nature, can optimize nature, the characteristics of imitability, can form more and be close to in actual emulation scene and parameter, simultaneously, with personnel evacuation, the structure scene combines together with the fire scene, personnel and the tunnel safety of comprehensive aassessment conflagration emergence process, effectively guaranteed personnel's safety, tunnel structure health and stability.
Further, because the interface between the software may have a phenomenon of format mismatch, for example, a situation that a three-dimensional model is converted into a two-dimensional graph exists between the BIM software and the FDS software, for this, in this embodiment, the interface between the BIM and the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system is constructed and optimized by Python, and a test frame of the interface is built, so as to optimize the accuracy of inputting the BIM three-dimensional model into the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system.
Further, in the process of modeling and assigning materials to the BIM system, materials may be assigned to structural members of the tunnel, but the fire-extinguishing agent can only be made of single endowing material, lacks of setting for fire source and key positions such as safe dispersing opening and the like, in order to save modeling time and improve numerical simulation efficiency, the embodiment applies a target recognition algorithm into FDS and Pathfinder software, the model is generated through training by the machine learning and deep learning functions to realize the target image recognition function, so that FDS and PathFinder software can quickly identify and mark key parts in the tunnel, setting a fire source and setting a safety scattering opening according to the power of the fire source and the type of the fire source, and starting simulation;
the key parts in the embodiment refer to lining, a tunnel body, a tunnel opening, an air outlet and a safe dispersing opening on a tunnel;
the target recognition algorithm described in this embodiment specifically includes:
selecting n tunnel pictures of different types as training data, adjusting parameters of pixels, aspect ratio, angle, scale and the like of the tunnel pictures, and adjusting the iteration times of training for the accuracy and efficiency of identification;
secondly, constructing a full convolution neural network model, as shown in fig. 2, setting 13 layers of neural networks, 10 layers of convolution layers and 3 layers of full connection layers, respectively setting the Filter sizes of the convolution layers to be 14, 28, 36, 28, 14 and 14, respectively, setting the number of the full connection layers to be 512, and simultaneously connecting the U-shaped upper structure and the U-shaped lower structure by using a Densenet structure; the accuracy of recognition training is improved by applying correlation analysis and regression analysis;
the neural network architecture applies the relevance of the structure, and when a target object is segmented according to the characteristics of the tunnel structure, such as a safe sparse opening connecting lining, the associated target object is quickly identified, so that the identification accuracy and efficiency are enhanced;
when the key parts of the tunnel image are identified, a single picture is subjected to multiple segmentation, then identification of various target objects is carried out, and the types of the selectable models are as follows: selecting 1500 pictures as training pictures and 300 pictures as test pictures, wherein the parameters are set as num _ objects being 8, num _ experiments being 200 and batch _ size being 32;
thirdly, training the full convolution neural model, and taking n1The picture is a training picture, the lining, the hole body, the hole opening, the air outlet and the key part of the safety scattering opening on the tunnel of each picture are identified by using the edge profile, and the recording and the identification are carried out;
fourthly, checking the trained full convolution neural network model, checking the effectiveness of the full convolution neural network model, and taking n2A picture is tested as a test picture, n2＝n-n1；
Fifthly, after the target tunnel three-dimensional model created by the BIM system is transmitted to the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system,
identifying each key part of the tunnel by using a tested full convolution neural network model in FDS fire simulation software, and setting a fire source;
and identifying the safety evacuation port of the tunnel by using a tested full convolution neural network model in Pathfinger personnel evacuation software, and carrying out personnel evacuation simulation.
Further, after the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system obtains a simulation result, the result is respectively input into a resource library and a rescue scheme module of the BIM system in the form of an evacuation scene case, a fire scene case and fire scene parameter data;
the rescue scheme module generates an emergency rescue scheme according to the evacuation scene case, the fire scene case and the fire scene parameter data, specifically comprises the rescue scheme, rescue force, rescue time and the like, and transmits the emergency rescue scheme to the case analysis module of the BIM system;
the case analysis module is used for conducting drilling analysis on the emergency rescue scheme, optimizing and correcting the emergency rescue scheme correspondingly to obtain the optimized emergency rescue scheme, storing the optimized emergency rescue scheme into a resource library, and matching the optimized emergency rescue scheme with the corresponding evacuation scene case, the fire scene case and the fire scene parameter data;
when a tunnel fire occurs, the BIM system searches the resource library according to fire data monitored on site and according to a fire development rule and a classical fire theory, matches a corresponding fire scene, calls a fire case, a first aid scheme and the like in the resource library, and outputs a corresponding emergency aid scheme.
Further, in order to ensure the safety of emergency rescue personnel and the continuity of rescue in the emergency rescue process, the life characteristics of the emergency rescue personnel, the reserve capacity of rescue equipment and the like are monitored in real time, and the emergency rescue personnel are guided by corresponding rescue paths of the emergency rescue personnel in real time in a wireless communication mode and the like.
Further, after the fire emergency rescue work is finished, the emergency rescue scheme corresponding to the fire case is dynamically corrected according to the parameter data recorded by monitoring, and the emergency rescue scheme in execution is updated and modified, wherein the emergency rescue scheme is dynamic and continuous work.
According to the embodiment, through the cooperation of the rescue scheme module and the case analysis module, emergency rescue schemes can be generated according to different fire simulation scenes, the generated schemes can be corrected and optimized, dynamic circulation optimization is performed through the cooperation of the rescue scheme module and the case analysis module, and meanwhile, after fire emergency rescue work is performed each time, the emergency rescue schemes corresponding to fire cases are dynamically corrected again according to field parameters, so that the rationality and the effectiveness of the emergency rescue schemes can be guaranteed.
Example 3
The terminal of the embodiment is a tunnel fire emergency rescue method based on the embodiment 2, and comprises the following steps:
the BIM system comprises a modeling module for three-dimensional modeling of the tunnel, a model transmission module for transmitting three-dimensional modeling data, a resource library for storing evacuation scene cases, fire scene parameter data and rescue schemes, and a case analysis module for simulating a rehearsal rescue scheme;
the rescue scheme module is used for generating an emergency rescue scheme according to the evacuation scene case, the fire scene case and the fire scene parameter data and transmitting the emergency rescue scheme to the case analysis module of the BIM system;
the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system is used for carrying out fire simulation on a tunnel three-dimensional model transmitted by the BIM system and inputting simulation results into a resource library and a rescue scheme module of the BIM system in the form of evacuation scene cases, fire scene cases and fire scene parameter data respectively;
the field data monitoring module is used for monitoring the field fire condition of the tunnel and transmitting the monitoring data to the BIM system;
the BIM system also comprises a data receiving and matching module, which receives the monitoring data transmitted by the field data monitoring module, matches the fire scene in the resource library and outputs a corresponding rescue scheme.
Further comprising:
the emergency equipment system comprises an exhaust fan, an emergency evacuation map, an emergency illuminating lamp, an evacuation indicating lamp and a spraying/sprinkling unit which are arranged in the tunnel, and is remotely controlled according to an output rescue scheme;
a personnel equipment monitoring system for monitoring rescue equipment reserves, personnel wireless communications, personnel paths, and vital signs.
In the BIM system of this embodiment, through the three-dimensional modeling module, a three-dimensional model of a target tunnel can be constructed in the BIM system according to the building data information of the tunnel, and the constructed three-dimensional model includes building information, facility location, building materials and quantity, and the material parameters include physical properties such as density, specific heat capacity, heat conductivity coefficient and combustion heat.
The field data monitoring module of this embodiment includes surveillance camera head, flame detector, temperature detector, smoke detector and structure detector etc. can real-time supervision acquire fire scene information such as conflagration position, conflagration scale, conflagration type, conveniently transfers corresponding emergency rescue scheme personnel and evacuation scheme, transfers corresponding emergency rescue strength.
The emergency equipment system is arranged in the tunnel and is remotely controlled, so that the development of a fire disaster can be controlled at the first time, people and vehicles can be evacuated in time, and the damage of the fire disaster to personnel and the economic loss can be reduced;
in the emergency equipment system, an emergency evacuation diagram comprises two-dimensional and three-dimensional forms and can indicate the position of a safe exit in a planar and three-dimensional manner; the evacuation indicator light dynamically indicates the nearest safety exit in a dynamic circulation display mode, wherein green is a feasible direction, red is a dangerous area and a traffic prohibition direction; the spraying/sprinkling unit selects water and a foam medium according to different monitored fire types, and selects a spraying system or a spraying system, the starting mode of the spraying/sprinkling system is field starting and remote starting, and the remote starting avoids resource waste caused by false alarm;
the wind speed selection of the exhaust fan of the emergency equipment system plays both a role of exhausting and suppressing the development of fire, so the embodiment determines the wind speed of the exhaust fan and performs remote control based on the following calculation model:
for a low-power fire, namely a fire with the fire source power of 10-50 MW,
wherein v is a critical wind speed; g is the acceleration of gravity; h is the tunnel height; q rate of heat release from the fire source; rho0Is the air density; c. CpThe air has constant pressure specific heat; a is the net cross-sectional area of the tunnel; t isfIs the temperature of the hot air; t is0Is the ambient air temperature; k tunnel slope correction coefficient, if the tunnel is a flat slope, K is 1, and when a fire disaster occurs in a tunnel downhill section, K is 1+0.0374 theta0.8；
For high-power fire, namely fire with the fire source power of 50-100 MW,
wherein Q is*Is a dimensionless rate of heat release, v*Critical wind speed without dimension, when Q*<At 0.124, v*＝0.35(0.124)-1/3Q*1/3When Q is*V is greater than or equal to 0.124*＝0.35；
The wind speed of the exhaust fan is selected through numerical simulation and theoretical calculation comprehensive evaluation, the opening of a plurality of fans and the control of the wind speed are intelligentized and visualized through the terminal of the embodiment and are displayed in a visualization platform of the BIM system;
further, in the embodiment, the BIM and the virtual technology are combined, and the emergency manager can utilize the field data monitoring module to realize a correct personnel guiding path (wireless communication and voice playing) in a BIM platform three-dimensional mode.
Further, the personnel equipment monitoring system of this embodiment includes big dipper satellite positioning device, vital sign device and communication device etc. and positioning device tracks emergency rescue personnel's rescue route in real time, and vital sign device monitoring emergency rescue personnel characteristics such as heartbeat, blood pressure and breathing, and communication device commands emergency rescue personnel's emergency rescue in real time, and its data and rescue equipment reserves show in BIM system's visual platform in real time.
Example 4
The terminal of the present embodiment includes a processor, an input device, an output device, and a memory, which are connected to each other, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, which includes program instructions, and the processor is configured to execute the program instructions to perform the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method of embodiment 1 or 2.
The processor, the input device, the output device and the memory are connected through a bus; the memory is used for storing a computer program comprising program instructions, and the processor is used for executing the program instructions stored by the memory to execute the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
In the present embodiment, the first and second electrodes are,
the processor may be a central processing unit, or may be other general purpose processor, digital signal processor, application specific integrated circuit, off-the-shelf programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, etc., which may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.;
the input devices may include touch pads, fingerprint sensors, microphones, etc.;
output devices may include a display, speakers, etc.;
the memory may include both read-only memory and random access memory and provide instructions and data to the processor, and a portion of the memory may also include non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory may also store device type information.
Example 5
A computer-readable storage medium of the present embodiment, which stores a computer program comprising program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method of embodiment 1 or 2.
The computer-readable storage medium of this embodiment may be an internal storage unit of the terminal described in the foregoing embodiment, for example, a hard disk or a memory of the terminal; the computer-readable storage medium of this embodiment may also be an external storage device of the terminal, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card, a secure digital card, a flash memory card, and the like, provided on the terminal; further, the computer-readable storage medium may also include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the terminal.
The computer-readable storage medium of the present embodiment is used to store a computer program and other programs and data required by the terminal, and may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
The examples described herein are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tunnel fire emergency rescue method based on BIM is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring building data information of a target tunnel;
correspondingly creating a three-dimensional model of the tunnel in a BIM system according to the building data information of the target tunnel and transmitting the three-dimensional model to a tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system;
the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system carries out personnel evacuation simulation, fire scene simulation and structural scene simulation according to the three-dimensional model of the tunnel, and simulation results are respectively input into a resource library and a rescue scheme module of the BIM system in the form of evacuation scene cases, fire scene cases and fire scene parameter data;
the rescue scheme module generates an emergency rescue scheme according to the evacuation scene case, the fire scene case and the fire scene parameter data, and transmits the emergency rescue scheme to the case analysis module of the BIM system;
the case analysis module drills the emergency rescue scheme, stores the generated data into a resource library and matches the data with corresponding evacuation scene cases, fire scene cases and fire scene parameter data;
when a tunnel fire occurs, the BIM system searches the resource library according to the fire data monitored on site, matches the corresponding fire scene and outputs a corresponding emergency rescue scheme.
2. The BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and when the BIM system creates the three-dimensional model of the target tunnel, corresponding material attributes are given to all structural members of the tunnel.
3. The BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system adopts Pathfinger personnel evacuation software to carry out personnel evacuation simulation, adopts FDS fire simulation software to carry out fire scene simulation, and adopts ANSYS finite element analysis software to carry out structural scene simulation.
4. The BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method according to claim 3, wherein the key positions of the tunnel are marked by using a target recognition algorithm when Pathfinger personnel evacuation software is used for personnel evacuation simulation and FDS fire simulation software is used for fire scene simulation.
5. The BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method according to claim 4, wherein the target recognition algorithm comprises the steps of:
firstly, selecting n tunnel pictures of different types as training data;
constructing a full convolution neural network model, setting 13 layers of neural networks, 10 layers of convolution layers and 3 layers of full connection layers, respectively setting the Filter sizes of the convolution layers to be 14, 28, 36, 28, 14 and 14, respectively, setting the number of the full connection layers to be 512, and simultaneously connecting the U-shaped upper structure and the U-shaped lower structure by using a Densenet structure;
thirdly, training the full convolution neural model, and taking n1The picture is a training picture, the lining, the hole body, the hole opening, the air outlet and the key part of the safety scattering opening on the tunnel of each picture are identified by using the edge profile, and the recording and the identification are carried out;
fourthly, checking the trained full convolution neural network model, and taking n2Taking the picture as a test picture to test;
fifthly, after the target tunnel three-dimensional model created by the BIM system is transmitted to the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system,
identifying each key part of the tunnel by using a tested full convolution neural network model in FDS fire simulation software, and setting a fire source;
and identifying the safety evacuation port of the tunnel by using a tested full convolution neural network model in Pathfinger personnel evacuation software, and carrying out personnel evacuation simulation.
6. A terminal, comprising:
the BIM system comprises a modeling module for three-dimensional modeling of the tunnel, a model transmission module for transmitting three-dimensional modeling data, a resource library for storing evacuation scene cases, fire scene parameter data and rescue schemes, and a case analysis module for simulating a rehearsal rescue scheme;
the rescue scheme module is used for generating an emergency rescue scheme according to the evacuation scene case, the fire scene case and the fire scene parameter data and transmitting the emergency rescue scheme to the case analysis module of the BIM system;
the tunnel fire scene numerical simulation system is used for carrying out fire simulation on a tunnel three-dimensional model transmitted by the BIM system and inputting simulation results into a resource library and a rescue scheme module of the BIM system in the form of evacuation scene cases, fire scene cases and fire scene parameter data respectively;
the field data monitoring module is used for monitoring the field fire condition of the tunnel and transmitting the monitoring data to the BIM system;
the BIM system also comprises a data receiving and matching module, which receives the monitoring data transmitted by the field data monitoring module, matches the fire scene in the resource library and outputs a corresponding rescue scheme.
7. The terminal of claim 6, further comprising:
the emergency equipment system comprises an exhaust fan, an emergency evacuation map, an emergency illuminating lamp, an evacuation indicating lamp and a spraying/sprinkling unit which are arranged in the tunnel, and is remotely controlled according to an output rescue scheme;
a personnel equipment monitoring system for monitoring rescue equipment reserves, personnel wireless communications, personnel paths, and vital signs.
8. The terminal of claim 7, wherein: after the fire rescue work is finished, dynamically correcting the rescue scheme corresponding to the fire scene according to the parameter data recorded by the field data monitoring module and the personnel equipment monitoring system, and updating the corrected rescue scheme to the rescue scheme matched with the fire scene in the resource library.
9. A terminal, characterized by: the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method comprises a processor, an input device, an output device and a memory, wherein the processor, the input device, the output device and the memory are connected with each other, the memory is used for storing a computer program, the computer program comprises program instructions, and the processor is configured to operate the program instructions and execute the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method according to any one of claims 1-5.
10. A computer-readable storage medium characterized by: the computer storage medium stores a computer program comprising program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the BIM-based tunnel fire emergency rescue method as recited in any one of claims 1 to 5.
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