CN114353804A - Fire emergency evacuation path planning method and device, intelligent terminal and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fire emergency evacuation path planning method, a device, an intelligent terminal and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a cell set based on a spatial structure of a fire scene; obtaining evacuation risk factors of all cells of the cell set based on the environmental data and the personnel data; and obtaining an evacuation path according to an evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk factor. Compared with the prior art, the evacuation risk factor is obtained by collecting the environmental data and the personnel data of the fire scene, and the evacuation risk factor is brought into the evacuation route planning model, so that the evacuation timeliness and the evacuation safety are considered simultaneously when the evacuation route is dynamically planned, and the planned route is more reasonable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of emergency evacuation, in particular to a fire emergency evacuation path planning method, a fire emergency evacuation path planning device, an intelligent terminal and a storage medium.
Background
The development of economy promotes the prosperity of cities, and with the enlargement of the scale of cities and the increase of urban inflowing population, the available ground area is gradually reduced, and underground spaces are often required to be developed and utilized, so that application places such as subways, underground shopping malls, underground parking lots, comprehensive underground galleries and the like appear. However, the underground space is narrow, the ventilation is difficult, the population density is large, once a fire disaster occurs, the fire spread speed is high, people are inconvenient to evacuate, and the life and property safety of people is seriously harmed. In order to meet the emergency evacuation requirements of modern complex underground buildings, a fire emergency evacuation model suitable for complex underground spaces is urgently needed to provide dynamic guidance for emergency evacuation of people.
However, the existing emergency evacuation model mainly considers the movement of people, only optimizes the evacuation timeliness, has a single optimization target, and does not consider the safety of evacuation paths. Whether the evacuation path is safe directly affects the evacuation capacity of the people and the selection of the evacuation route, and therefore the evacuation path of the existing model is not reasonable and even becomes no longer feasible.
Thus, there is still a need for improvement and development of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a fire emergency evacuation path planning method, a fire emergency evacuation path planning device, an intelligent terminal and a storage medium, and aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, only the evacuation timeliness is considered when an evacuation path is dynamically planned, and the evacuation safety is not considered.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fire emergency evacuation path planning method, wherein the method comprises:
acquiring environmental data and personnel data of a fire scene;
acquiring a cell set based on a spatial structure of a fire scene;
obtaining evacuation risk factors of all cells of the cell set based on the environmental data and the personnel data;
and obtaining an evacuation path according to an evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk factor.
Optionally, the environmental data includes temperature data and smoke data, and the obtaining of evacuation risk factors of the cells of the cell set based on the environmental data and the personnel data includes:
obtaining cell temperature data matched with the cells based on the temperature data;
obtaining a time threshold value of the loss of the movement power of the personnel based on the cellular temperature data;
obtaining a temperature risk factor for the cell based on the time threshold and the personnel data;
obtaining the smoke concentration of the cells based on the smoke data;
obtaining smoke risk factors of the cells based on the smoke concentration and the personnel data;
and weighting the temperature risk factor and the smoke risk factor to obtain the evacuation risk factor of the cells.
Optionally, the obtaining an evacuation path according to an evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk factor includes:
acquiring an evacuation partition set based on a spatial structure of a fire scene;
classifying all source cells in the set of cells based on an evacuation partition of the set of evacuation partitions;
based on the evacuation risk factors, sequentially obtaining the zone evacuation paths of each evacuation zone of the evacuation zone set according to an evacuation path planning model;
and obtaining the evacuation path based on the subarea evacuation path, wherein the total evacuation utility of the evacuation path is minimum.
Optionally, after obtaining the evacuation partition set, the spatial structure based on the fire scene further includes:
sequentially obtaining a zone evacuation risk factor of each evacuation zone of the evacuation zone set;
sorting evacuation partitions of the set of evacuation partitions based on the partition evacuation risk factors.
Optionally, based on the evacuation risk, after obtaining the evacuation path according to the evacuation path planning model, the method further includes:
establishing a model of the fire scene based on the environmental data, the personnel data, and the set of cells;
and acquiring evacuation bottleneck information according to the individual motion change model based on the personnel data.
Optionally, after obtaining evacuation bottleneck information according to the individual motion change model based on the personnel data, the method further includes:
acquiring scene bottleneck information based on the fire scene;
and updating the evacuation bottleneck information according to a bottleneck cluster algorithm based on the scene bottleneck information and the evacuation bottleneck information.
Optionally, after obtaining the evacuation path according to the evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk factor, the method further includes:
acquiring real-time environment data and real-time personnel data of a fire scene;
updating the evacuation path in real time based on the real-time environmental data and the real-time personnel data.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a fire emergency evacuation path planning apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring environmental data and personnel data of a fire scene;
the scene division module is used for obtaining a cell set based on the space structure of the fire scene;
a risk factor module for obtaining evacuation risk factors of all cells of the set of cells based on the environmental data and the personnel data;
and the path module is used for obtaining the evacuation path according to the evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk factor.
A third aspect of the present invention provides an intelligent terminal, wherein the intelligent terminal comprises a memory, a processor, and a fire emergency evacuation path planning program stored in the memory and operable on the processor, and the fire emergency evacuation path planning program, when executed by the processor, implements any one of the steps of the fire emergency evacuation path planning method.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a fire emergency evacuation path planning program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements any one of the steps of the fire emergency evacuation path planning method.
Therefore, the scheme of the invention acquires the environmental data and the personnel data of the fire scene; acquiring a cell set based on a spatial structure of a fire scene; obtaining evacuation risk factors of all cells of the cell set based on the environmental data and the personnel data; and obtaining an evacuation path according to an evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk factor. Compared with the prior art, the evacuation risk factor is obtained by collecting the environmental data and the personnel data of the fire scene, and the evacuation risk factor is brought into the evacuation route planning model, so that the evacuation timeliness and the evacuation safety are considered simultaneously when the evacuation route is dynamically planned, and the planned route is more reasonable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a fire emergency evacuation path planning method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating the implementation of step S300 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of step S400 in FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fire emergency evacuation path planning device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an internal structure of an intelligent terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted contextually as "when …" or "upon" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to a detection". Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted depending on the context to mean "upon determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detecting [ described condition or event ]".
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The development of economy promotes the prosperity of cities, and with the enlargement of the scale of cities and the increase of urban inflowing population, the available ground area is gradually reduced, and underground spaces are often required to be developed and utilized, so that application places such as subways, underground shopping malls, underground parking lots, comprehensive underground galleries and the like appear. However, the underground space is narrow, the ventilation is difficult, the population density is large, once a fire disaster occurs, the fire spread speed is high, people are inconvenient to evacuate, and the life and property safety of people is seriously harmed. In order to meet the emergency evacuation requirements of modern complex underground buildings, a fire emergency evacuation model suitable for complex underground spaces is urgently needed to provide dynamic guidance for emergency evacuation of people.
However, the existing emergency evacuation model mainly considers the movement of people, only optimizes the evacuation timeliness, has a single optimization target, and does not consider the safety of evacuation paths. Whether the evacuation path is safe directly affects the evacuation capacity of the people and the selection of the evacuation route, and therefore the evacuation path of the existing model is not reasonable and even becomes no longer feasible.
According to the scheme, the evacuation risk factors are obtained by collecting the environmental data and the personnel data of the fire scene, and are brought into the evacuation path planning model, so that the evacuation timeliness and the evacuation safety are considered simultaneously when the evacuation path is dynamically planned, and the planned path is more reasonable.
Exemplary method
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fire emergency evacuation path planning method, specifically, the method includes the following steps:
step S100: acquiring environmental data and personnel data of a fire scene;
the environmental data refers to various data such as temperature data, carbon monoxide concentration, oxygen content, visibility, smoke height and the like collected by each monitoring point in a fire scene, and can be collected in real time through sensors arranged in each channel in a scene space to obtain the environmental data. The data acquired for multiple times can be fitted to obtain a fitting function, so that the environmental data at any moment can be obtained. The personnel data refer to the distribution positions, the crowd density and the like of people to be evacuated in each area in the fire scene space, and can be obtained by analyzing pictures or videos shot by a camera in the scene space.
In this embodiment, a subway station is taken as an example to describe in detail, the collected environmental data are temperature data and carbon monoxide concentration data, and a carbon monoxide concentration increase curve and a temperature increase curve are obtained after fitting. The personnel positioning algorithm of geographic information registration is applied to the multiple video streams to obtain regional personnel position information, specifically, a video sequence is obtained according to a video collected by a camera, and the detection and positioning of people in the video image are realized by utilizing the technologies of image segmentation, motion tracking, edge detection and the like. And processing the video data acquired by the camera by using an image processing technology to acquire crowd density data and the like.
Step S200: acquiring a cell set based on a spatial structure of a fire scene;
specifically, the actual channel road sections are numbered, and the virtual road network in the fire scene is divided into cells with variable lengths, so that static or dynamic characteristic parameters in the actual road network can be converted into attributes of the cells, and a foundation is provided for solving evacuation paths and performing real-time simulation. Attributes of a cell include, but are not limited to: cell length, maximum number of people that can flow into or out of a cell, maximum capacity of a cell, number of people that a cell has, number of cells, etc. And dividing the cells according to the evacuation area and the evacuation path in the space structure, wherein the range and the size of the cells are determined according to the requirements of a specific scene. For example: the cells may be a section of the evacuation path, or may be a closed space in the space structure. According to the space structure of a fire scene, after the fire scene is divided into individual cells, all the cells are combined to form a cell set.
Step S300: acquiring evacuation risk factors of all cells of the cell set based on the environmental data and the personnel data;
specifically, the existing method mainly considers evacuation timeliness, and performs sorting according to the length based on the length of an evacuation path, and a path with a short length is selected as an evacuation path in a limited manner. While safety during evacuation is ignored. In fact, in the emergency evacuation scenario of underground fires, there are various evacuation risks including the risk of smoke inhalation, the risk of high-temperature burns, the risk of insufficient oxygen and the risk of trampling. For example: according to the smoke concentration and the high temperature, whether the evacuation path is effective or not is dynamically evaluated, and when the evacuation risk on the evacuation path exceeds a certain threshold value, the evacuation path needs to be shielded. In order to realize the high-precision evaluation effect, the risk of each cell is refined to be evaluated, the risks are evaluated, corresponding risk factors are obtained and are included in a path planning model, and the planned path is more reasonable.
In this embodiment, the carbon monoxide risk and the high temperature risk are taken as an example, the temperature risk factor and the flue gas risk factor are obtained respectively, and then the two risk factors are subjected to linear weighting, so as to obtain the evacuation risk factor of the cells. That is, specific temperature data and smoke data of each cell are obtained according to environmental data, and then the position of a person in the cell and the distance from the person to the cell exit are obtained according to personnel data, and the risk that the person cannot evacuate from the cell to the next cell due to loss of the driving force caused by high temperature or smoke is evaluated. It is easy to understand that the congestion program on the evacuation path can be calculated and the tread risk can be evaluated based on the space-time distribution of the personnel and the change rule of the personnel movement.
It should be noted that, the function of the risk factors and the weighted weight of each risk factor are obtained according to the environmental data and the personnel data, and are set correspondingly according to the nature number of the burning objects, the geometric parameters of the fire space, the spatial layout, the position of the fire point, the size of the fire, the heat release efficiency and the growth rate of the fire source, the ventilation condition and the like.
Step S400: and obtaining an evacuation path according to the evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk factor.
Specifically, based on rational analysis of crowds during path selection, a path with the least time consumption is selected to bypass a congestion position to establish an evacuation path planning model, and whether the crowds in a fire scene can be safely evacuated is judged according to a current evacuation path based on an evacuation risk factor. That is, the evacuation path planning model needs to be according to the time when the environment of the fire scene reaches the dangerous state, that is, how long time is needed after the fire occurs, people in the fire scene lose the escape capability due to the influence of each environmental factor or the change of environmental parameters, and if all people evacuate from the fire scene before the environment of the fire scene reaches the dangerous state, people in the fire scene are considered to be safely evacuated, and the evacuation path is reasonable and effective.
Furthermore, due to the limited underground space, the evacuation channels are difficult to evacuate people simultaneously, the evacuation walking time and the evacuation risk of people in different areas are different, and the situation that the evacuation path planning model has large workload for path planning of individuals and the operability of evacuation organizations is poor is considered. Therefore, the area division can be performed according to the risk analysis result, and the route planning can be performed by taking the evacuation block as a main unit. The regional staged evacuation is favorable for improving the evacuation efficiency and ensuring the personnel safety. Specifically, the specific method for obtaining the evacuation path based on the evacuation partition is as follows: based on the space structure of the fire scene, gridding and dividing the fire scene into evacuation subareas one by one to obtain an evacuation subarea set; based on the evacuation partition of the evacuation partition set, sequentially classifying each source cell in the cell set according to the evacuation partition to which the cell belongs; then, sequentially obtaining the zone evacuation path of each evacuation zone of the evacuation zone set according to the evacuation path planning model; and finally, based on the principle that the total evacuation utility of the evacuation paths is minimum, the evacuation paths connected with all the evacuation partitions are collected to obtain the evacuation paths.
Furthermore, the evacuation risk of each evacuation partition can be respectively determined, then the evacuation partitions are sorted according to the evacuation risk, the evacuation partitions with high evacuation risk are arranged in front, and the evacuation partitions with high evacuation risk are preferentially processed. The method comprises the following specific steps: sequentially obtaining a zone evacuation risk factor of each evacuation zone of the evacuation zone set; and sorting the evacuation partitions of the evacuation partition set based on the partition evacuation risk factors. The evacuation risk factors of the sub-areas can be obtained by performing weighted average according to the evacuation risk factors of each cell in the evacuation sub-areas.
In the embodiment, risk factors such as temperature and carbon monoxide concentration are incorporated into the evacuation route planning model, and the evacuation partitions are divided into sequences. Specifically, the evacuation path planning model objective function of the present embodiment is:
wherein Z is an evacuation partition number and represents the partition priority, namely, the evacuation order, Z ═ 1, 2, 3 … }, and Z belongs to Z; czFor the set of all the cells of the partition z,
is a terminal cell set in the partition z;
the number of people in the cell i when the time period t begins;
in order to evacuate the function of risk,
is a factor of the smoke gas,
dt is the time step for the temperature factor, T is the [0, T ∈]。
Since the evacuation route planning model is established on the variable cell transmission model, relevant constraint conditions should be followed when the route planning is performed according to the evacuation route planning model, such as: cell flow conservation constraints, cell inflow constraints, cell outflow constraints, connector traffic capacity constraints, evacuation process constraints, value constraints, and the like.
For example: in the [0, T ] time period, the conservation of cellular flow is constrained by:
(1)
wherein,
the number of people in the cell i when the time period t begins;
the number of people in the connector from the upstream cell k to the cell i in the time period t; Γ (i) is a set of upstream cells of cell i; gamma-shaped-1(i) A downstream set of cells that is cell i;
the number of people in the connector from the cell i to the downstream cell j in the time period t; czA set of all cells for partition z;
is a terminal cell set in the partition z;
is a partition z endogenous cell collection.
(2)
Wherein,
the number of people in the cell i when the time period t begins; Γ (i) is a set of upstream cells of cell i;
the number of people in the connector from the upstream cell k to the cell i in the time period t;
is the set of end cells within partition z.
(3)
Wherein,
the number of people in the cell i in the period of t +1,
the number of people in the cell i when the time period t begins;
is the evacuation demand, Γ, of cell i during the period t-1(i) A downstream set of cells that is cell i;
the number of people in the connector from the cell i to the downstream cell j in the period t;
is a partition z endogenous cell collection.
For example: during the [0, T ] time period, cellular influx is constrained by:
wherein,
the number of people in the connector from the upstream cell k to the cell i in the time period t; Γ (i) is a set of upstream cells of cell i; qi(t) the limit of the number of people who can flow in/out the cell i in the period of t; n is a radical ofi(t) is the limit value of the number of people that the cell i can accommodate in the time period t; liIs the size of the unit cell i,
the number of people in the cell i when the time period t begins; czA set of all cells for partition z;
is a partition z endogenous cell collection;
for example: during the [0, T ] time period, cellular efflux is constrained by:
wherein,
the number of people in the connector from the cell i to the downstream cell j in the time period t; gamma-shaped-1(i) A downstream set of cells that is cell i; gamma-shaped1(i) An upstream set of cells that is cell i; qi(t) the limit of the number of people who can flow in/out the cell i in the period of t; n is a radical ofi(t) is the limit value of the number of people that the cell i can accommodate in the time period t; liIs the length of cell i in units of time; czA set of all cells for partition z;
is the set of end cells within partition z.
For example: during the [0, T ] time period, the throughput of connectors between cells is constrained by:
wherein,
the number of people in the connector from cell i to cell j in the period of t, Qij(t) in the time period of t, the number limit value of people from the cell i to the cell j in the connector is used for simulating the conditions of traffic capacity reduction or failure and the like of the evacuation channel and is a time-varying parameter; czA set of all cells for partition z;
is a terminal cell set in the partition z;
is a partition z endogenous cell collection.
For example: during the [0, T ] time period, the evacuation process is constrained by:
wherein,
is a terminal cell set in the partition z;
the number of people in the cell i in the T +1 time period,
is a partition z endogenous cell collection;
for the amount of evacuation demand generation at the source point r at time t, DrThe total evacuation demand generated for the source point r.
That is, when the evacuation process is finished, all the people needing evacuation in the subarea reach the destination cell. The destination cell represents a virtual safe point at which personnel may be deemed to have left the subterranean space, and therefore the evacuation utility value of the destination cell is not considered in calculating the total evacuation utility.
For example: in the [0, T ] time period, the value restriction is as follows:
(1)
wherein,
the number of people in the cell i when the time period t begins; czThe set of all cells for partition z.
(2)
Wherein,
the number of people in the connectors from the cell i to the cell j in the time period t; y is the set of all connectors of the evacuation channels.
When the evacuation path planning model is used specifically, the initialization parameters are set as follows:
(1)
wherein,
the number of people in the cell i at the initial moment,
is the evacuation demand of the source point r,
for partitioning z endogenous elementsAnd (4) cell assembly.
(2)
Wherein,
the number of people in the connectors from the cell i to the cell j at the initial moment, and Y is the set of all connectors of the evacuation channel.
(3)
Wherein Q isi(t) is the limit of the number of people that the cell i can flow in/out in the period of t,
the evacuation demand of the cell i in the period t,
is a partition z endogenous cell collection.
(4)
Wherein N isi(t) is the limit of the number of people that the cell i can accommodate in the period of t,
for the end point cell set within the partition z,
is a partition z endogenous cell collection.
It is easy to understand that real-time environment data and real-time personnel data of a fire scene can be acquired; and based on real-time environment data and real-time personnel data, the evacuation path is updated in real time, and is dynamically updated according to the real-time situation of the fire scene, so that the safety and the effectiveness of the evacuation path are ensured.
In summary, the present embodiment uses the carbon monoxide concentration as the flue gas factor and incorporates the flue gas factor and the temperature factor into the evacuation risk function together to obtain the evacuation risk factor. An evacuation path planning model is constructed based on the evacuation risk factors, so that the obtained evacuation path not only considers the evacuation safety, but also considers the evacuation timeliness, and the evacuation path which is more reasonable and has the evacuation guiding significance is obtained.
Of course, the evacuation risk factors may also include visibility, oxygen content, and the like, and the influence of various risk factors on the evacuation movement speed of the crowd is analyzed and incorporated into the evacuation path planning model.
In one embodiment, the step S300 includes more specifically the steps as shown in fig. 2:
step S310: obtaining cell temperature data matched with the cells based on the temperature data;
specifically, the area of the cell is obtained, and based on the collected temperature data, the average temperature of the area is obtained, so that the cell temperature data matched with the cell is obtained. Of course, the temperature data of the cells may also be obtained directly using the temperature of the collection point adjacent to the cell as the cell temperature data or based on a fitted function of the temperatures of two collection points adjacent to the cell.
Step S320: obtaining a time threshold value of the loss of the walking force of the personnel based on the cellular temperature data;
specifically, according to the cell temperature data, the average temperature T of the cell in each time period is calculatedaverage(0-nmin). The time required for severe burns or loss of mobility due to thermal radiation is obtained from the average temperature. The specific calculation formula is as follows:
tinjury(0-nmin)＝k1(Taverage(0-nmin))-a+k2(Taverage(0-nmin))-b
wherein, tinjury(0-nmin)Indicating the time required for a person to be exposed to fire, to get seriously burned or lose their motor ability due to heat radiation, Taverage(0-nmin) Indicating an average temperature within 0-nmin, according to the Association for fire protection documentsValue k1＝5*1022，k2＝3*107，a＝11.783，b＝2.9636。
Step S330: obtaining a temperature risk factor of the cell based on a time threshold and personnel data;
specifically, according to the person data, for example: the position of the person in the cell, the distance from the exit, the traveling speed, direction, etc. of the person, the time n required for the person to leave the current cell is obtained. And according to tinjury(0-nmin)Judging whether a high-temperature risk exists in the time period or not, and giving a high-temperature risk value, namely: if t isinjury(0-nmin)If the time n is longer than the time required for leaving, no high temperature risk exists, and a temperature risk factor is set
Otherwise, there is a high temperature risk, and a temperature risk factor is set
Step S340: obtaining the smoke concentration of the cells based on the smoke data;
specifically, the smoke monitoring device is used for acquiring smoke distribution data of an evacuation channel in real time, an underground space fire smoke diffusion diagram is constructed, the smoke concentration of cells in a period of time is obtained, and taking the concentration of carbon monoxide as an example, the calculation formula is as follows: ppmCO0-nmin＝(ppmCOAmin n-ppmCOAmin0)Δt+ppmCOAmin0Wherein ppmCO0-nminThen as a function of the increase in the average concentration of CO, ppmCOAmin0And ppmCOAmin nThe average CO concentrations at time 0 and time n, respectively.
Step S350: acquiring a flue gas risk factor of a cell based on the flue gas concentration and personnel data;
specifically, the time when the person leaves the current cell is obtained according to the person data, the accumulated amount of smoke inhaled by the person in the time period is calculated according to the smoke concentration, and when the accumulated amount exceeds a threshold value, the smoke risk is judged to exist. Taking carbon monoxide as an example, the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,% COHb-0-nminRepresents the cumulative amount of carboxyhemoglobin of the personnel in the area A in a (0-nmin) period, can represent the harm degree of inhaled CO, and is ppmCO0-nminThen is a function of the increase in the average concentration of CO; vERepresents the respiratory rate of a person in L/min; when carboxyhemoglobin accumulation% COHb0-nmin30% or less, indicating that there is no risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. Otherwise, indicating that the carbon monoxide poisoning risk exists, setting a smoke risk factor
Step S360: and weighting the temperature risk factors and the smoke risk factors to obtain evacuation risk factors of the cells.
Specifically, according to the obtained temperature risk factor and the smoke risk factor, the temperature risk factor and the smoke risk factor are weighted and averaged or according to a set weighting function, and the evacuation risk factor of the cells is obtained.
In this embodiment, the risk function after considering the risk of high-temperature burn and the risk of smoke concentration is:
wherein w1、w2And mu1、μ2The setting is needed according to accident scenes and development situations, and is mainly determined by the influence degree of the smoke concentration and the high temperature on the safety and the numerical value. The weighting coefficients of the two risk factors depend on the accident type and the severity of the accident, the smoke toxicity and other factors.
Furthermore, after the evacuation risk factor is obtained, an evacuation channel which needs to solve the problems of heat extraction and smoke exhaust is determined by analyzing the motion rule of smoke in the fire and combining the configuration condition of the smoke guide device. That is, in the course of the dynamic optimization of the evacuation paths, which evacuation paths are disabled due to the risk of smoke inhalation and the risk of high temperature burns are obtained, and the mechanical ventilation system of the underground space is designed for these evacuation paths using a computational fluid dynamics method so that efficient heat and smoke evacuation is performed after a fire occurs to provide a safe evacuation route.
In summary, in this embodiment, the collected flue gas concentration data and temperature data are converted into corresponding flue gas risk factors and temperature risk factors, and the flue gas risk factors and the temperature risk factors are weighted according to the risk function to obtain evacuation risk factors of cells, so that the flue gas risk and the temperature risk can be measured, and an evacuation path planning model is applied, so that the evacuation path is disabled after the flue gas concentration and the channel temperature exceed the threshold values.
In one embodiment, the step S400 further includes the steps shown in fig. 3:
step S410: establishing a model of a fire scene based on the environmental data, the personnel data and the cell set;
the environment data comprises temperature data and smoke data acquired by an evacuation scene, space data of each region, positions and sizes of connecting channels of the regions and the like, wherein the space data of each region are acquired according to a drawing of the evacuation scene. The personnel data comprise the number, distribution, density and the like of people to be evacuated in the evacuation space, and the ages, sexes and the like of the evacuated people can be further obtained, so that different travelling speeds can be determined according to different people. And according to the space size of each region of the underground space, the number and distribution condition of people to be evacuated in the space, the position and size of a connecting channel of the region, smoke concentration and temperature data and the like, simulating and establishing a model of a fire scene.
Step S420: and acquiring evacuation bottleneck information according to the individual motion change model based on the personnel data.
The evacuation bottleneck refers to the interference that occurs on the evacuation path of people and makes people unable to maintain smooth flow, for example, stairs and passageways are common bottleneck areas.
Specifically, the evacuation movement speed of an evacuation individual is related to the age, sex, familiarity with buildings, whether to participate in fire evacuation exercises and the like of the individual. When a fire disaster occurs, the evacuation routes of individuals in the crowd are far away from the fire source, and the evacuation channels closest to the position of the individuals are selected or evacuated towards the direction of a safety point according to evacuation guidance. The bottleneck point can be determined by analyzing the change situation of the evacuation movement speed of the individuals before and after the cell. The method comprises the steps of obtaining personnel space-time distribution from personnel data, analyzing pedestrian motion change rules, and obtaining evacuation bottleneck positions, namely evacuation bottleneck information.
In this embodiment, the specific steps of determining evacuation bottleneck information according to the spatial-temporal distribution of people, the evacuation direction, the evacuation speed, and the evacuation acceleration of people include:
step S421: processing video data acquired by a camera through an image processing technology, firstly obtaining personnel position data, and calculating initial speed and acceleration; the concrete formula is as follows:
wherein v is0Representing the velocity at the initial position of the person in m/s; v. ofmaxThe maximum speed of the personnel is represented and set according to the actual situation, and the unit is m/s; k represents an evacuation speed influence factor and is valued based on different positions such as planes, ramps, stairs and the like. D represents the density of persons in units of persons/m2；amaxRepresents the maximum acceleration in m/s2；taccelRepresents the acceleration time, set with reference to the actual situation, in units of s.
Step S422: calculating the speed and the acceleration in the evacuation direction of the people; the concrete formula is as follows:
wherein, CseekWeighting each movement direction, wherein the direction with the minimum weight is the evacuation movement direction of people; thetatThe included angle between the speed direction and the tangent line of the optimal evacuation curve is expressed as an angle;
representing the velocity vector in the direction of the present motion in m/s. dmaxThe maximum walking distance in the current movement direction is represented, and the unit is m; dstopThe shortest acceleration distance in the current movement direction is represented and has the unit of m;
representing the vector in the evacuation motion direction with the smallest weight;
and
respectively representing the velocity vector and the acceleration vector in the evacuation motion direction with the minimum weight, and the unit is m/s and m/s2。
Step S423: calculating the speed and the position vector of the evacuation arrival position of the people after the unit time step length; the concrete formula is as follows:
in the formula, Δ t represents a unit time step length in the unit of s;
a velocity vector representing the position reached after Δ t, in units of m/s;
which is indicative of the current position vector,
representing the arrival location vector.
Step S424: and judging that the personnel arrive at the position, if the personnel arrive at the evacuation exit, ending the operation, otherwise, repeating the step S423 until the personnel arrive at the evacuation exit.
Step S425: and simulating evacuation conditions through simulation software, and comparing the evacuation condition with actual pedestrian distribution data according to pre-calibrated evacuation personnel bottleneck thresholds at different positions so as to determine whether the position is a bottleneck point.
Step S430: acquiring scene bottleneck information based on a fire scene;
specifically, the subway station comprises a station hall and a platform, wherein the station hall and the platform are communicated through a stair, an elevator or an escalator. If the station is a station capable of transferring, a transfer passage is also included. The stairs, the escalators, the ramps and the transfer passage form a bottleneck passage when a fire disaster happens, namely scene bottleneck information.
Step S440: and updating the evacuation bottleneck information according to a bottleneck cluster algorithm based on the scene bottleneck information and the evacuation bottleneck information.
Specifically, after scene bottleneck information and evacuation bottleneck information are obtained, a bottleneck cluster Theory (TOC) is utilized to analyze the mutual influence relationship between bottlenecks, the evacuation bottleneck of the underground space is comprehensively and accurately identified, and the evacuation bottleneck information is updated in real time.
To sum up, the embodiment analyzes the temporal-spatial distribution and the movement change of people, simulates the evacuation movement of people, identifies the congestion degree on the evacuation path, and predicts the evacuation bottleneck. Support is provided for optimizing pedestrian evacuation paths and optimizing evacuation facilities, such as: arranging a guide to guide an evacuation route and bottleneck click reporting, dynamically updating a pedestrian evacuation route, and regulating and controlling the pedestrian flow of a bottleneck road section; and the evacuation facility can be optimized according to the bottleneck information, namely the traffic capacity of the evacuation channel is improved.
It is easy to understand that the fire emergency evacuation path planning method is not only suitable for underground spaces such as subway stations, but also suitable for overground spaces such as railway stations and buildings.
Exemplary device
As shown in fig. 4, corresponding to a fire emergency evacuation path planning method, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a fire emergency evacuation path planning device, where the fire emergency evacuation path planning device includes:
a data acquisition module 600, configured to acquire environmental data and personnel data of a fire scene;
the environmental data refers to various data such as temperature data, carbon monoxide concentration, oxygen content, visibility, smoke height and the like collected by each monitoring point in a fire scene, and can be collected in real time through sensors arranged in each channel in a scene space to obtain the environmental data. The data acquired for multiple times can be fitted to obtain a fitting function, so that the environmental data at any moment can be obtained.
The personnel data refer to the distribution positions, the crowd density and the like of people to be evacuated in each area in the fire scene space, and can be obtained by analyzing pictures or videos shot by a camera in the scene space.
A scene dividing module 610, configured to obtain a cell set based on a spatial structure of a fire scene;
specifically, the actual channel road sections are numbered, and the virtual road network in the fire scene is divided into cells with variable lengths, so that static or dynamic characteristic parameters in the actual road network can be converted into attributes of the cells, and a foundation is provided for solving evacuation paths and performing real-time simulation. Attributes of a cell include, but are not limited to: cell length, maximum number of people that can flow into or out of a cell, maximum capacity of a cell, number of people that a cell has, number of cells, etc. And dividing the cells according to the evacuation area and the evacuation path in the space structure, wherein the range and the size of the cells are determined according to the requirements of a specific scene. For example: the cells may be a section of the evacuation path, or may be a closed space in the space structure. According to the space structure of a fire scene, after the fire scene is divided into individual cells, all the cells are combined to form a cell set.
A risk factor module 620, configured to obtain evacuation risk factors of all cells of the cell set based on the environmental data and the personnel data;
specifically, the existing method mainly considers evacuation timeliness, and performs sorting according to the length based on the length of an evacuation path, and a path with a short length is selected as an evacuation path in a limited manner. While safety during evacuation is ignored. In fact, in the emergency evacuation scenario of underground fires, there are various evacuation risks including the risk of smoke inhalation, the risk of high-temperature burns, the risk of insufficient oxygen and the risk of trampling. For example: according to the smoke concentration and the high temperature, whether the evacuation path is effective or not is dynamically evaluated, and when the evacuation risk on the evacuation path exceeds a certain threshold value, the evacuation path needs to be shielded. In order to realize the high-precision evaluation effect, the risk of each cell is refined to be evaluated, the risks are evaluated, corresponding risk factors are obtained and are included in a path planning model, and the planned path is more reasonable.
A path module 630, configured to obtain an evacuation path according to an evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk factor.
Specifically, based on rational analysis of crowds during path selection, a path with the least time consumption is selected to bypass a congestion position to establish an evacuation path planning model, and whether the crowds in a fire scene can be safely evacuated is judged according to a current evacuation path based on an evacuation risk factor. That is, the evacuation path planning model needs to be according to the time when the environment of the fire scene reaches the dangerous state, that is, how long time is needed after the fire occurs, people in the fire scene lose the escape capability due to the influence of each environmental factor or the change of environmental parameters, and if all people evacuate from the fire scene before the environment of the fire scene reaches the dangerous state, people in the fire scene are considered to be safely evacuated, and the evacuation path is reasonable and effective.
Furthermore, due to the limited underground space, the evacuation channels are difficult to evacuate people simultaneously, the evacuation walking time and the evacuation risk of people in different areas are different, and the situation that the evacuation path planning model has large workload for path planning of individuals and the operability of evacuation organizations is poor is considered. Therefore, the area division can be performed according to the risk analysis result, and the route planning can be performed by taking the evacuation block as a main unit. The regional staged evacuation is favorable for improving the evacuation efficiency and ensuring the personnel safety. Specifically, the specific method for obtaining the evacuation path based on the evacuation partition is as follows: based on the space structure of the fire scene, gridding and dividing the fire scene into evacuation subareas one by one to obtain an evacuation subarea set; classifying each cell in the cell set in sequence according to the evacuation partition to which the cell belongs based on the evacuation partition set; then, sequentially obtaining the zone evacuation path of each evacuation zone of the evacuation zone set according to the evacuation path planning model; and finally, based on the principle that the total evacuation utility of the evacuation paths is minimum, the evacuation paths connected with all the evacuation partitions are collected to obtain the evacuation paths.
Furthermore, the evacuation risk of each evacuation partition can be respectively determined, then the evacuation partitions are sorted according to the evacuation risk, the evacuation partitions with high evacuation risk are arranged in front, and the evacuation partitions with high evacuation risk are preferentially processed. The method comprises the following specific steps: sequentially obtaining a zone evacuation risk factor of each evacuation zone of the evacuation zone set; and sorting the evacuation partitions of the evacuation partition set based on the partition evacuation risk factors. The evacuation risk factors of the sub-areas can be obtained by performing weighted average according to the evacuation risk factors of each cell in the evacuation sub-areas.
In this embodiment, the specific functions of the modules of the fire emergency evacuation path planning device may refer to the corresponding descriptions in the fire emergency evacuation path planning method, which are not described herein again.
Based on the above embodiment, the present invention further provides an intelligent terminal, and a schematic block diagram thereof may be as shown in fig. 5. The intelligent terminal comprises a processor, a memory, a network interface and a display screen which are connected through a system bus. Wherein, the processor of the intelligent terminal is used for providing calculation and control capability. The memory of the intelligent terminal comprises a nonvolatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a fire emergency evacuation path planning program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of an operating system and a fire emergency evacuation path planning program in the non-volatile storage medium. The network interface of the intelligent terminal is used for being connected and communicated with an external terminal through a network. The fire emergency evacuation path planning program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of any of the above-described fire emergency evacuation path planning methods. The display screen of the intelligent terminal can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the block diagram shown in fig. 5 is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present invention, and does not constitute a limitation to the intelligent terminal to which the solution of the present invention is applied, and a specific intelligent terminal may include more or less components than those shown in the figure, or combine some components, or have a different arrangement of components.
In one embodiment, a smart terminal is provided, the smart terminal includes a memory, a processor, and a fire emergency evacuation path planning program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the fire emergency evacuation path planning program, when executed by the processor, performs the following operations:
acquiring environmental data and personnel data of a fire scene;
acquiring a cell set based on a spatial structure of a fire scene;
obtaining evacuation risk factors of all cells of the cell set based on the environmental data and the personnel data;
and obtaining an evacuation path according to an evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk factor.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a fire emergency evacuation path planning program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the fire emergency evacuation path planning program is executed by a processor, the steps of any one of the fire emergency evacuation path planning methods provided in the embodiments of the present invention are implemented.
It should be understood that, the sequence numbers of the steps in the foregoing embodiments do not imply an execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, only the above-mentioned division of the functional units and modules is illustrated, and in practical applications, the above-mentioned functions may be distributed as different functional units and modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the apparatus may be divided into different functional units or modules to implement all or part of the above-mentioned functions. Each functional unit and module in the embodiments may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated in one unit, and the integrated unit may be implemented in a form of hardware, or in a form of software functional unit. In addition, specific names of the functional units and modules are only for convenience of distinguishing from each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present invention. The specific working processes of the units and modules in the system may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.
Those of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that the elements and algorithm steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
In the embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus/terminal device and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described embodiments of the apparatus/terminal device are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the above modules or units is only one logical division, and the actual implementation may be implemented by another division, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed.
The integrated modules/units described above, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as separate products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may also be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and can implement the steps of the embodiments of the method when the computer program is executed by a processor. The computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code may be in a source code form, an object code form, an executable file or some intermediate form. The computer readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the above-mentioned computer program code, recording medium, usb disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signal, telecommunication signal, software distribution medium, etc. It should be noted that the contents contained in the computer-readable storage medium can be increased or decreased as required by legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art; the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The fire emergency evacuation path planning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring environmental data and personnel data of a fire scene;
acquiring a cell set based on a spatial structure of a fire scene;
obtaining evacuation risk factors of all cells of the cell set based on the environmental data and the personnel data;
and obtaining an evacuation path according to an evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk factor.
2. A fire emergency evacuation path planning method according to claim 1, wherein the environmental data includes temperature data and smoke data, and obtaining evacuation risk factors for cells of the set of cells based on the environmental data and the personnel data comprises:
obtaining cell temperature data matched with the cells based on the temperature data;
obtaining a time threshold value of the loss of the movement power of the personnel based on the cellular temperature data;
obtaining a temperature risk factor for the cell based on the time threshold and the personnel data;
obtaining the smoke concentration of the cells based on the smoke data;
obtaining smoke risk factors of the cells based on the smoke concentration and the personnel data;
and weighting the temperature risk factor and the smoke risk factor to obtain the evacuation risk factor of the cells.
3. The fire emergency evacuation path planning method of claim 1, wherein obtaining an evacuation path according to an evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk factor comprises:
acquiring an evacuation partition set based on a spatial structure of a fire scene;
classifying all source cells in the set of cells based on an evacuation partition of the set of evacuation partitions;
based on the evacuation risk factors, sequentially obtaining the zone evacuation paths of each evacuation zone of the evacuation zone set according to an evacuation path planning model;
and obtaining the evacuation path based on the subarea evacuation path, wherein the total evacuation utility of the evacuation path is minimum.
4. A fire emergency evacuation path planning method according to claim 3, wherein the method, after obtaining the evacuation partition set based on the spatial structure of the fire scene, further comprises:
sequentially obtaining a zone evacuation risk factor of each evacuation zone of the evacuation zone set;
sorting evacuation partitions of the set of evacuation partitions based on the partition evacuation risk factors.
5. The fire emergency evacuation path planning method according to claim 1, wherein after obtaining an evacuation path according to an evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk, the method further comprises:
establishing a model of the fire scene based on the environmental data, the personnel data, and the set of cells;
and acquiring evacuation bottleneck information according to the individual motion change model based on the personnel data.
6. The fire emergency evacuation path planning method according to claim 5, wherein after obtaining evacuation bottleneck information according to an individual motion change model based on the personnel data, the method further comprises:
acquiring scene bottleneck information based on the fire scene;
and updating the evacuation bottleneck information according to a bottleneck cluster algorithm based on the scene bottleneck information and the evacuation bottleneck information.
7. The fire emergency evacuation path planning method according to claim 1, wherein after obtaining an evacuation path according to an evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk factor, the method further comprises:
acquiring real-time environment data and real-time personnel data of a fire scene;
updating the evacuation path in real time based on the real-time environmental data and the real-time personnel data.
8. Fire emergency evacuation path planning apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring environmental data and personnel data of a fire scene;
the scene division module is used for obtaining a cell set based on the space structure of the fire scene;
a risk factor module for obtaining evacuation risk factors of all cells of the set of cells based on the environmental data and the personnel data;
and the path module is used for obtaining the evacuation path according to the evacuation path planning model based on the evacuation risk factor.
9. An intelligent terminal, characterized in that the intelligent terminal comprises a memory, a processor and a fire emergency evacuation path planning program stored on the memory and operable on the processor, the fire emergency evacuation path planning program, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the fire emergency evacuation path planning method according to any one of claims 1-7.
10. Computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon a fire emergency evacuation path planning program which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the fire emergency evacuation path planning method according to any one of claims 1-7.
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| 吴君子: "火灾条件下地铁疏散仿真研究", 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技Ⅱ辑 * |
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| CN115204701B (en) * | 2022-07-23 | 2023-07-14 | 广东中测标准技术有限公司 | Fire risk prevention and control method, system, equipment and storage medium for stadium |
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| CN115545359B (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-05-09 | 北京科技大学 | Dynamic intelligent evacuation method and device for complex building fire |
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| CN117367435B (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-02-09 | 深圳大学 | Evacuation path planning method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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