JP2006301475A - Underground space flood/evacuation simulation system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To establish an underground space flood/evacuation simulation system for establishing a plan for water resistance reinforced facility in an underground space or establishing an evacuation guidance system when the underground space is flooded. <P>SOLUTION: In an underground space flood simulation system 1, depth and flow speed of flood water in each section of a ground surface expressed in blocks, an underground mall, and a subway is calculated every minute and, at the same time, depth and flow speed of flood water at a stairway section are calculated and whether important facilities are flooded or not is judged. In an underground space evacuation simulation system 2, based on the result, calculation with regard to evacuation is carried out while reduction of waking speed caused by the depth and flow speed of flood water and traffic restriction due to an exit or passageway width are considered to judge the possibility of evacuation of each block. When it is judged that evacuation is possible, the time required for evacuation is calculated. In addition, in an underground space flood/evacuation simulation display system, these calculation results are displayed in a manner easy to comprehend. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention is based on the structure of the underground mall / subway, the position and size of the entrance / exit, the position and size of the ventilation opening, the population in the underground space, the position of important facilities (power supply devices, etc.), and the ground flooding situation. Analyze the effects of inundation control facilities such as the time of inundation and water stoppages, safe evacuation routes, and safety of important facilities, and place effective facilities (inundation sensors, waterstops, disaster prevention speakers, etc.) This study is related to the underground space inundation and evacuation simulation system, which is useful for studying and evacuation routes in underground spaces.

  The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has made a proposal titled “Emergency Plan for Measures against Heavy Rain Disasters” in response to the heavy damage caused by heavy rain disasters. In this recommendation, in order to cope with the vulnerability of underground space due to urban flood damage as represented by the 1999 Fukuoka disaster and the 2000 Tokai heavy rain, the construction of water resistance and evacuation derivative systems in the underground space It is sung. In order to build such a water-resistant facility plan and evacuation derivative system, inundation simulation in the underground space and evacuation simulation during inundation are indispensable.

In the conventional evacuation simulation, the evacuation route is modeled, and the evacuation time required for the designated evacuation route can be calculated by entering the population, walking speed, the width of the neck point such as the exit door, the number of people who can pass per unit width, etc. The maximum staying population in the evacuation route is calculated (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).
JP 2004-85948 A

  However, the conventional evacuation simulation mainly assumes evacuation due to fire, and it reflects the effects of the decrease in walking speed due to flooding of the evacuation route, the occurrence of routes that cannot be evacuated, the stoppage of underground city functions due to flooding of important facilities, etc. Not.

  If inundation occurs, walking becomes difficult, and depending on the water depth and flow velocity, walking becomes impossible. In addition, if the power supply or the like is submerged, a power failure will occur due to electric leakage, etc., making it impossible to evacuate.

  In the present invention, in order to perform an evacuation simulation in consideration of these effects, an underground space inundation that combines an underground space inundation simulation that combines all or any one of the above ground, an underground mall, and a subway, and an evacuation simulation that can reflect this result is combined.・ To provide an evacuation simulation.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, the underground space inundation and evacuation simulation according to the invention of claim 1 inputs the inflow of water from the river to the embankment or the inundation depth change of the underground facility entrance point as an external force condition. However, the amount of inflow to each level of the underground space, the inundation depth and flow velocity of each block of the underground space, the inundation depth and flow velocity of the staircases connecting the upper and lower layers, and sometimes the important facility point Means to calculate the inundation depth of every moment, underground space inundation simulation, and using these calculation results, decrease in walking speed due to inundation, generation of non-evacuable routes, stop of underground city function due to inundation of important facilities Means to perform underground space evacuation simulation considering the impact, and results of these underground space inundation simulation and underground space evacuation simulation Characterized in that it comprises means for displaying.

  Further, the invention according to claim 2 includes the entrance and exit between the ground and underground shopping streets, between the underground shopping streets and between the underground shopping center and subway, the length and height of the stairs, the height and number of steps, and the location of the water stopping facility. And means of inundation simulation, which calculates the inundation depth, flow velocity and inundation depth of important facility points in each underground space block and stairs using the block configuration and floor height and ceiling height of the underground mall as input conditions. Features.

  Furthermore, in the invention of claim 3, in the invention of claim 2, by assuming a virtual slot in the ceiling portion of each underground space block, even if the underground space becomes full due to full water, It has a means for expressing the pressure head in the underground space according to the water level, and a means for performing a flood simulation for calculating the backflow phenomenon from the lower block to the upper block.

  In addition, the invention according to claim 4 relates to the population of each block of the underground space, the standard walking speed of the flat part, the standard walking speed of the staircase part, the evacuation route, the passage restriction by the passage width or the entrance width, the inflow due to the population density in the passage. Restriction, position of speakers, etc. that transmit evacuation instructions and their blocks, inundation depth on the evacuation route, flow velocity, whether or not the population in each underground block can evacuate using the curve expressing the difficulty of walking due to the inundation depth and flow velocity as input conditions A means for calculating an evacuation end time and performing an evacuation simulation is provided.

  Furthermore, the invention according to claim 5 relates to the calculation conditions of the inundation / evacuation simulation on the floor plan of each level, the position of the inflow from the river, the position of the entrance / exit, the stairs position, the position of the vent, the evacuation route, the CCTV position, Means to display all or any of the inundation sensor position, speaker position, and important equipment position, and the inundation depth, flow velocity, evacuation population movement status, evacuation population of each block in the underground space related to the calculation results of the inundation / evacuation simulation It is characterized by comprising means for displaying all or any of the population density on the route in a pseudo animation every hour.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 5, wherein any one of the underground space block, the inflow point from the river, the entrance / exit, the stairs, the vent, the evacuation route, CCTV, the inundation sensor, the speaker, and the important equipment is provided. It is characterized by comprising means for displaying the specifications used for calculation of each facility in a tabular format by selecting, and means for changing the calculation conditions by editing the specifications.

  Further, the invention according to claim 7 is the inundation / evacuation simulation related to each item by selecting any one of the underground space block, entrance / exit, stairs, ventilation opening, evacuation route, and important facility in the invention of claim 5. A means for displaying the result in a graph format is provided.

  The present invention is configured as described above, and an evacuation simulation can be performed in consideration of a change in difficulty of evacuation due to a change in the inundation situation from time to time by performing inundation simulation and evacuation simulation in an underground space integrally.

  Also, by inputting the current facilities and evacuation plans in the target underground mall, the degree of safety against flooding and the safety of evacuation plans during flooding are simulated using a computer, and the status of the underground mall facilities, flooded conditions, and evacuation conditions are simulated. It can be displayed on a plan view, and the current underground facilities and problems with flooding in evacuation plans can be easily recognized.

  Furthermore, by assuming and entering facilities and evacuation plans that increase the level of safety against inundation, the degree of inundation safety after countermeasures and the safety of evacuation plans during inundation are simulated using a computer, and the status of facilities in underground malls Inundation status and evacuation status can be displayed on the floor plan, and the effects of taking countermeasures can be easily recognized, which is effective for studying the optimal facility layout plan and evacuation plan.

  For example, in order to realize safe evacuation by examining the location of CCTV and inundation sensors for monitoring the start of inundation and preventing damage, which is the standard for judging the installation of waterstops and issuing evacuation advisories In order to examine how long before the start of flooding the water stoppage and evacuation advisory should be issued, these conditions are specifically set as the input conditions of the present invention and simulated. Can be grasped, and it becomes a help of examination.

  In addition, it is possible to visually recognize changes in the time of inundation in underground spaces and movements of people on the evacuation route using pseudo-animations. It can be expected to increase the effect.

  Exemplary embodiments of underground space inundation / evacuation simulation according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention is composed of an underground space inundation simulation system, an underground space evacuation simulation system, and an underground space inundation / evacuation simulation display system, and detailed description will be given for each system in the following embodiments.

  In the underground space inundation simulation, the inundation simulation is performed by combining all or any one of the above ground, the underground mall, and the subway.

  In the underground space inundation simulation, as shown in FIG. 2, the underground, underground shopping street, and subway are represented by blocks that are divided into polygons of arbitrary shapes. Slots having a fixed bottom area 11 shown in FIG. 3 are arranged on the ceiling portion of each block excluding the ground portion. Each block is preset with block number, vertex plane XY coordinates, bottom area, each side length, block number connected to each side, hierarchy, floor height, ceiling height, slot bottom area information, and underground space Model in simulation.

  The block number is a number for identifying a block, and is arbitrarily set so that there is no duplication of the number.

  As the plane XY coordinates of the vertices, coordinates from the origin set in advance according to the shape of the target analysis range are set.

  The origin position is set in advance according to the shape of the target analysis range.

  The bottom area and each side length are automatically determined by the block shape.

  The block number connected to each side is set from the planar connection between the blocks.

  The hierarchy sets the hierarchy where the block exists from the structure of the underground space.

  The floor height and ceiling height are set based on drawings and field survey results. However, since there are undulations and slopes on the floor and ceiling, an average height is set, such as giving an average value of the heights of the block vertices.

  The slot bottom area is set by the opening area to the upper layer of the target underground space.

  Openings such as staircases and ventilation openings are modeled in the underground space inundation simulation by setting the opening number, opening height, effective flow width, opening area, layer thickness, and assigned block number in advance.

  The opening number is a number for identifying the opening and is arbitrarily set so that there is no duplication of the number.

  The opening height, effective flow width, opening area, and layer thickness are set from the drawings and field survey results as shown in FIG.

  For the belonging block, the block number including the opening is set.

  For water-stop facilities such as water-stop plates and sandbags installed in openings such as stairs and ventilation openings, set the water-stop facility number, height, width, belonging opening number, and installation start conditions in advance, and simulate inundation of the underground space Model in.

  The water stop facility number is a number for identifying the water stop facility, and is arbitrarily set so that there is no duplication of numbers.

  As shown in Fig. 5, the height and width are set based on the drawings and field survey results.

  Set the number of the opening where the water stop facility is installed as the belonging opening number.

  The installation start condition can be specified according to the inundation status and time, and either one is selected according to the purpose of the examination and modeled in the underground space inundation simulation.

  For the designation based on the inundation status, the inundation determination target block number and the time required for installation are set.

  The inundation determination target block number is a block number that is a determination criterion for starting the installation of the water stop facility. When inundation occurs in the inundation determination target block, the installation of the water stop facility is started. The block that is subject to inundation determination is mainly the block where the inundation monitoring point by CCTV or inundation sensor exists.

  The time required for installation is set as the time required from the start of facility installation to the completion of installation.

  For the designation by time, set the start time and the time required for installation.

  The water stop facility installation start time is to start the water stop facility installation by specifying the time, and set the time from the start of calculation. This setting assumes that the installation of the water stop facility will be started before the start of the inundation with reference to flood warnings, etc., even if the water stop facility is not in time after the start of the inundation. Further, the time required to complete the installation is as described above.

  The stairs connected to the opening are set in advance by setting the stairs number, the stairs length, the stairs height, the stairs width, the number of steps, and the assigned opening number, and modeling them in the underground space inundation simulation.

  The stairs number is a number for identifying the stairs and is arbitrarily set so that there is no duplication of numbers.

  The stair length, stair height, stair width, and number of steps are set from the drawings and field survey results as shown in FIG.

  The number of the opening to which the stairs are connected is set as the belonging opening number.

  For important facilities such as power supplies, important facility numbers, critical water depths, and block numbers are set in advance and modeled in the underground space inundation simulation.

  The important facility number is a number for identifying an important facility, and is arbitrarily set so that there is no duplication of the number.

  The critical water depth is set based on the drawings and field survey results so that the target important facilities will not function normally due to inundation.

  The block number to which the important facility belongs is set as the block number.

  The inflow number from the river, the inflow flow rate data, and the inflow block number are set in advance for the flooding external force condition, and modeled in the underground space inundation simulation.

  The inflow number is a number for identifying the inflow from the river, and is arbitrarily set so that there is no duplication of numbers.

  The inflow flow rate data sets inflow flow rate data from a river every hour, for example, every 10 minutes.

  For the inflow block number, set the block number to which the inflow point from the river belongs.

  If the ground part is not simulated, the water depth data of the opening to the ground in the underground space is set in advance as the water depth application point number, the inundation depth data, and the belonging opening number. Modeling within inundation simulation is possible.

  The water depth grant point number is a number for identifying the water depth grant point, and is arbitrarily set so that there is no duplication of numbers.

  As the inundation depth data, inundation depth data is set for each opening point, for example, every 10 minutes.

  The assigned opening number sets the number of the opening to which the inundation depth data is given.

  In addition, a calculation time and a calculation time interval are set as calculation conditions for the underground space inundation simulation.

  The calculation time is the total time for the underground space inundation simulation. If not specified, the total time for the inflow flow rate data from the river or the opening depth data is set.

  The calculation time interval is the time interval of every hour calculation of underground space inundation simulation.

  Based on the calculation conditions set above, a subsurface inundation simulation is performed, and the inundation depth and flow velocity at each block, the inundation depth and flow velocity at the stairs, and the inundation judgment of important facilities are calculated by a computer. To do. As shown in FIG. 1, the underground space inundation simulation is composed of three subsystems: an inter-block inundation simulation system, a staircase simulation system, and an important facility inundation judgment simulation system. Examples of each subsystem are shown below.

  The inter-block inundation simulation system performs an analysis that takes into account the planar spread of the inundation between adjacent blocks and the propagation of inundation between the upper and lower layers connected by the openings, so that the inundation depth for each block is changed from moment to moment. Is a simulation system that calculates the flow velocity, and is performed by hourly calculation for each unit time according to the flow shown in FIG.

  In 27 of FIG. 7, it is determined whether the water stop facility is installed at the target time step of the water stop facility based on the water stop facility installation condition, and when it is determined that the water stop facility is installed, The water stop plate height is added to the floor height of the opening to be installed in the facility.

ここで、Δtは時間間隔、Q_holはブロックの接面間の流量、Q_hololdは１ステップ前のQ_hol、Lは隣接したブロック間の図心間の距離、A_bは隣接したブロック間の接面の断面積、αは損失係数、gは重力加速度である。 In 28 of FIG. 7, the flow rate between the blocks in the horizontal direction is calculated for each tangent surface of the block using Equation 1.

Here, Delta] t is the time interval, Q _hol flow rate between contact surfaces of the _block, Q holold one step before the Q _hol, L is the distance between the centroid between adjacent blocks, A _b is between adjacent blocks The cross-sectional area of the tangent surface, α is the loss factor, and g is the gravitational acceleration.

ここで、i,jは隣接した各ブロック番号、h_iはブロック番号iのブロックの水深、D_iはブロック番号iのブロックの天井高さ、B_bは接面の幅である。 Further, the cross-sectional area A _b of the contact surface is as shown in Equation 2 is calculated from the mean value and the contact surface width of depth without the slot portion of the block that share the contact surface.

Here, i and j are adjacent block numbers, h _i is the water depth of the block of block number i, D _i is the ceiling height of the block of block number i, and B _b is the width of the tangent surface.

ここで、nはマニングの粗度係数、s_bはブロック間接面の潤辺である。 Further, the loss coefficient α is calculated using Equation 3.

Here, n is a Manning's roughness coefficient, and s _b is a wet edge of the block indirect surface.

The tangent of the tangent surface between the blocks is calculated using Equation 4.

ここで、v_holはブロック間の接面の流速である。 Further, the flow velocity at the contact surface between the blocks is calculated by Equation 5.

Here, v _hol is the flow velocity at the contact surface between the blocks.

ここで、Q_verは上層から下層への流量、μ₀は段落ち流れの流量係数、B_eは開口部の有効流下幅、h_iは上層のブロック内の水深、h_sは開口部の開口部高である。 In 29 of FIG. 7, it is determined whether or not the water level of the lower block has reached the opening level of the upper block, and the water level of the lower block has not reached the opening level of the upper block as shown in FIG. The amount of inflow from the upper layer to the lower layer is calculated using Equation 6.

Where Q _ver is the flow rate from the upper layer to the lower layer, μ ₀ is the flow coefficient of the step-down flow, _Be is the effective flow width of the opening, h _i is the water depth in the upper block, and h _s is the opening of the opening. The club is high.

ここで、Q_veroldは１ステップ前のQ_ver、H_iは上層ブロック内の水位、H_jは下層ブロック内の水位、H_sは開口部の開口部敷高、L_eは上下層間の層圧、A_eは開口部面積である。 Also, as shown in FIG. 9, when the water level of the lower layer block reaches the opening floor height of the upper block, the inflow amount from the upper layer to the lower layer is calculated using Equation 7.

_Here, Q verold the Q _ver of one step before, H _i is the water level in the upper block, H _j is the water level in the lower layer block, H _s is the opening of the opening insole height, L _e is the upper and lower layers So圧, A _e is the opening area.

ここで、Q_inは外部からの流入量、tは対象時間、Qは流入量データの流量、T_a、T_bは流入量データの時間ステップのうち、tの直後、直前の時間である。 In 30 of FIG. 7, the inflow amount from the outside of the target time step is set. When the inflow amount from the river every hour is set as the external force condition, the inflow amount of the target time step is set by the interpolation calculation shown in Expression 8.

Here, Q _in is the inflow amount from the outside, t is the target time, Q is the flow rate of the inflow amount data, and T _a and T _b are the time immediately after t in the time step of the inflow amount data.

ここで、H_outは開口部の水深、tは対象時間、Hは水深データの水深、T_a、T_bは流入量データの時間ステップのうち、tの直後、直前の時間である。 In addition, when time series water depth data of the opening to the ground is set as the external force condition, the water depth of the target time step is calculated by the interpolation calculation shown in Equation 9, and the same calculation as 29 in FIG. Thus, the inflow amount is set.

Here, _Hout is the depth of the opening, t is the target time, H is the depth of the water depth data, and T _a and T _b are the time immediately after t and immediately before t in the time step of the inflow data.

ここで、Aはブロックの有効面積、hはブロック内の水深、h_oldは１ステップ前のh、Q_hol(i)はブロックが有するi番目の接面から流入する流量、lは流量の出入りが行われる接面数、Q_ver(j)はブロックに所属するj番目の開口部を介した上下層間の流入量、mはブロックに所属する開口部数、Q_in(k)はブロックに設定されているk番目の外部からの流入量、nはブロックに設定されている外力条件数である。 In 31 of FIG. 7, the water depth in the block is calculated by Equation 10 based on the flow rates calculated in 28 of FIG. 7, 29 of FIG. 7, and 30 of FIG.

Where A is the effective area of the block, h is the water depth in the block, h _old is h one step before, Q _hol (i) is the flow rate flowing in from the i-th contact surface of the block, and l is the flow in and out of the block Q _ver (j) is the amount of inflow between the upper and lower layers through the jth opening belonging to the block, m is the number of openings belonging to the block, and Q _in (k) is set to the block The k-th inflow from the outside, n is the number of external force conditions set in the block.

ここで、A_fはブロックの底面積、A_sはブロック上部のスロットの断面積、Dはブロックの天井高さである。 As shown in the equation 11, the effective area A of the block is determined according to the inundation depth as to whether or not the block is full. If the block is not full, the bottom area of the block is the slot. Is set.

Here, the A _f bottom area of the block, A _s is the cross-sectional area of the block top slot, D is a ceiling height of the block.

  However, when transitioning from an open channel state to a full water state or from a full water state to an open channel state in one step due to inflow or outflow to the block, in order to take into account changes in the effective area, Equation 10 is calculated by dividing the inflow after the transition.

  In the staircase simulation system, the water depth and flow velocity of each step are calculated according to the flow shown in FIG.

  In 36 of FIG. 10, the staircase length and the staircase height are each divided by the number of steps, and the interval and height of each step are calculated. In addition, the floor height of the opening corresponding to the stairs and the floor height of the upper and lower blocks are also acquired.

  In 37 of FIG. 10, among the outputs from the inter-block inundation simulation, the upper layer of the calculation target time step, the water depth of the lower layer block, and the flow rate from the upper layer to the lower layer are captured.

ここで、hは階段部分の水深、Qは上層から下層への流量、Bは階段幅、nはマニングの粗度係数、H_stepは階段高さ、L_stepは階段長さである。 In 38 of FIG. 10, when the water level of the upper layer block is higher than the water level of the lower layer block and the water level of the upper layer block exceeds the opening height, the equation relating to the water depth of the staircase portion shown in Equation 12 is sequentially calculated by the Newton method. And the water depth of the staircase is calculated.

Here, h is the water depth of the staircase portion, Q is the flow rate from the upper layer to the lower layer, B is the step width, n is the roughness coefficient of Manning, H _step is the step height, and L _step is the step length.

ここで、hは階段部分の水深、Qは上層から下層への流量、Bは階段幅、gは重力加速度である。 When the calculated water depth of the staircase portion is smaller than the height of the staircase step, the water depth of the staircase portion is replaced with the water depth calculated by Equation 13.

Here, h is the depth of the staircase, Q is the flow rate from the upper layer to the lower layer, B is the step width, and g is the acceleration of gravity.

ここで、vは階段部分の流速、Qは上層から下流への流量、Bは階段幅、hは階段部分の水深である。 Further, the flow velocity in the staircase portion is calculated using Equation 14.

Here, v is the flow velocity of the staircase portion, Q is the flow rate from the upper layer to the downstream, B is the staircase width, and h is the water depth of the staircase portion.

  If the water level in the lower block is higher than the water level in the upper block, or if the water level in the lower block is lower than the water level in the upper block, but the water level in the upper block is lower than the opening level, the lower block Is set as the water depth of the staircase portion, and the flow velocity of the staircase portion is set to zero.

  In 39 of FIG. 10, the larger one of the water depth of the staircase portion and the water depth of the lower layer is set as the representative water depth, and the flow velocity of the staircase portion is set as the representative flow velocity.

  The important facility inundation determination simulation is performed according to the flow shown in FIG.

  In 37 of FIG. 11, out of the output from the inter-block inundation simulation, the inundation depth of the block to which the important facility of the calculation target time step belongs is captured.

  In 38 of FIG. 11, when the inundation depth exceeds the critical water level of the important facility, it is determined that the important facility is inundated, and the calculation target time step is recorded as the important facility stop time. However, if the critical facility outage time was recorded before, the new time is not recorded.

  Next, in the underground space evacuation simulation system, the route of the underground space is expressed by links and nodes as shown in FIG. Links and nodes are set separately for a room link, a passage link, a room node, and a passage node according to the usage form of the underground space.

  A room node is set in a room such as a store separated by a wall or partition in the basement space, and a room node flag, node number, exit width, number of connection links, connection link number, belonging block number, node hierarchy, node XY Coordinates are set and modeled in the underground space evacuation simulation system.

  The room node flag is a flag for identifying that the node is a room node, and is set in advance.

  The node number is a number for identifying the node, and is set so that there is no duplication of the number including the passage node.

  The exit width is set from the drawing and field survey results to the exit width from the living room to the aisle.

  For the number of connection links and connection link number, the number of links and link numbers connected to the room node are set with reference to the route network.

  The block number set in the underground space inundation simulation to which the room node belongs is set as the block number.

  The node hierarchy and node XY coordinates are set in the same way as the block hierarchy and block vertex XY coordinates set during the underground space inundation simulation.

  Passage nodes are installed at the intersections of passages, junctions from living rooms, block boundaries set during underground space inundation simulations, points where passage widths change, entrances and exits of stairs, and passage node flags, node numbers, passage widths, connections Set the number of links, connection link number, node hierarchy, node XY coordinates, and model in the underground space evacuation simulation system.

  The passage node flag is a flag for identifying that the node is a passage node, and is set in advance.

  The node number is a number for identifying the node and is set so that there is no duplication of the number including the room node.

  The width of the passage is set based on the drawing and field survey results at the passage node point.

  For the number of connection links and connection link number, the number of links connected to the path node and the link number are set with reference to the route network.

  The node hierarchy and node XY coordinates are set in the same way as the block hierarchy and block vertex XY coordinates set during the underground space inundation simulation.

  A room link is installed between a room node and a passage node connecting the room, and a room link flag and a link number are set in advance and modeled in the underground space evacuation simulation system.

  The room link flag is a flag for identifying that the link is a room link, and is set in advance.

  The link number is a number for identifying the link, and is set so that there is no duplication of the number including the passage link.

  Aisle links are installed between the aisle nodes, and the aisle link flag, link number, permissible number of people in the aisle, walking speed within the aisle standard, link distance, and belonging block number are set in advance and modeled in the underground space evacuation simulation system.

  The passage link flag is a flag for identifying that the link is a passage link, and is set in advance.

  The link number is a number for identifying the link, and is set so that there is no duplication of the number including the room link.

  The allowable number of people in the passage is the maximum population that can exist in the passage, and is calculated and set in advance from the passage width, distance, and minimum required area per person.

  The standard walking speed in the passage sets the standard walking speed in the target passage of the person during the evacuation action.

  The link distance sets the distance of the target passage.

  The block number set in the underground space inundation simulation to which the passage link belongs is set as the block number.

  In addition to the network specifications of the above nodes and links, conditions for issuing evacuation instructions, walking evacuation difficulty curves, the range of speakers that convey evacuation information, the number of people allowed per unit width, the initial population within the block, the unit population, The evacuation route is set before executing the underground space evacuation simulation.

  The evacuation instruction issuance conditions can be specified according to the inundation situation and time, and either one is selected according to the purpose of the examination and is modeled in the underground space evacuation simulation.

  The designation based on the inundation status sets the inundation determination target block number and the time required to determine the evacuation instruction.

  The inundation determination target block number is a block number serving as a determination reference for issuing an evacuation instruction. When inundation occurs in the inundation determination target block, a discussion on the evacuation instruction is started. The block that is subject to inundation determination is mainly the block where the inundation monitoring point by CCTV or inundation sensor exists.

  The time required to determine the evacuation instruction is set as the time required from when the inundation start information is obtained until the evacuation instruction is issued after consultation.

  For the designation by time, the consultation start time for evacuation instruction issuance and the time required for the decision are set.

  The discussion start time for issuing an evacuation instruction is a time for starting the consultation for issuing an evacuation instruction by specifying the time, and sets the time from the start of calculation. This setting assumes that the discussion on the evacuation instruction is started before the inundation starts with reference to the flood warning, etc., if it is not enough to hold the discussion on the evacuation instruction after the inundation starts. In addition, the time required to determine the announcement is as described above.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the walking refuge difficulty curve is a curve for determining whether or not walking is possible based on the inundation depth and flow velocity, and is set in a table of the inundation depth and flow velocity at which walking is impossible.

  The range of speakers, etc. that transmit evacuation information is the range that recognizes that evacuation instructions are issued directly or by word of mouth when evacuation instructions are transmitted from the target speakers, etc., and was set at the time of underground space inundation simulation Set the target speaker number for each block.

  The same speaker number is set for a plurality of blocks that obtain evacuation information from the same speaker, and different speaker numbers are set for blocks that obtain evacuation information from different speakers.

  The maximum number of passengers per unit width that can pass a 1 meter width per minute is set.

  The initial population in the block is set to the population existing at the start of the underground space evacuation simulation for each block set during the underground space inundation simulation.

  The unit population sets the population included in one unit. However, the unit means a group of minimum units for tracking evacuation behavior during underground space evacuation simulation.

  For the evacuation route, the number of nodes and the node number that pass through to the exit are set for each block set in the underground space inundation simulation. The route node number is set in an array in which the numbers of route nodes are arranged in the route order.

  When setting an evacuation route as described above, by specifying an exit for the block, evacuation route candidates are output in the order of short transit distance, and by selecting the route to be designated from these routes, the evacuation route is selected. Can also be set.

  Based on the calculation conditions set above, an underground space evacuation simulation is performed according to the flow shown in FIG. 14, and the safety of the designated evacuation route, the evacuation time required, and the population change every moment on the evacuation route are calculated by a computer. .

  In 50 of FIG. 14, the initial population set for each block is converted from the number of units of one unit to the number of units, and is arranged in a room node or passage link belonging to the block. At this time, when there are a plurality of room nodes in the same block, they are equally distributed to each room node. In addition, when there are a plurality of passage links in the same block, they are arranged in proportion to the distance of each passage link.

  Further, when units are arranged on the passage link, the unit arrangement interval is calculated from the link distance and the number of units, and the units are arranged at equal intervals on the passage link.

  Each unit is automatically set with an initial block number, final destination node number, provisional destination node number, position flag, affiliation number, remaining distance, and evacuation action start time.

  The initial block number is set to the block number to which the unit belonged at the start of the underground space evacuation simulation.

  The final destination node number is the number of the final destination node for the unit to escape from the underground space, and the end node number of the evacuation route is set.

  The provisional target node number is the number of the node that the unit is scheduled to reach next, and is set from the arrangement position of the unit and the node specifications via the evacuation route.

  The position flag is set to 1 when the unit exists on the node, and 2 when the unit exists on the link.

  The affiliation number is set to the number of the node to which the unit belongs when the unit exists on the node, and the number of the link to which the unit belongs when it exists on the link.

  The remaining distance is not set when the unit exists on the node, and when the unit exists on the link, the distance on the link to the provisional target node is set.

  In addition, the number of units existing on the link is set for the path link.

  The process after 51 of FIG. 14 is repeatedly performed by the calculation every time per unit time, and the position on the evacuation route of each unit at each time is calculated.

  In 51 of FIG. 14, out of the output of the underground space inundation simulation, the inundation depth and flow velocity of the block, the inundation depth and flow velocity of the staircase portion are acquired, the inundation depth and flow velocity of the passage link belonging to the target block, and the room node Set as inundation depth.

ここで、Vは歩行速度、V_sは標準歩行速度、hは通路リンクの浸水深、vは通路リンクの流速、h_lim(v)は流速vのときの歩行避難困難水深である。 In 52 of FIG. 14, the walking speed in the passage link is calculated by Expression 15 using the inundation depth of the passage link, the flow velocity, the standard walking speed, and the walking refuge difficulty curve.

Here, V is the walking speed, V _s is the standard walking speed, h is the depth of the inundation of the passage link, v is the flow velocity of the passage link, and h _lim (v) is the depth of difficult walking evacuation when the flow velocity is v.

ここで、hは居室ノードの浸水深、h_lim(0)は流速０のときの歩行避難困難水深である。 In 53 of FIG. 14, it is determined whether each unit can continue the evacuation action. A unit in the aisle link is determined to be unable to continue the evacuation action when the walking speed in the aisle link becomes 0 or less, and a unit in the living room node cannot continue the evacuation action if the condition of Equation 16 is satisfied. It is determined.

Here, h is the inundation depth of the living room node, and h _lim (0) is the depth of difficulty in walking and evacuation when the flow velocity is zero.

  In 54 of FIG. 14, when the inundation depth of the inundation determination target block is acquired from the output of the underground space inundation simulation and the inundation is confirmed, the evacuation action start time is set for all units.

  Further, when the evacuation instruction issuance examination condition is specified by time, when the elapsed time reaches the specified time, the evacuation action start time is set for all units.

ここで、tは避難行動を開始するまでの時間、Aはユニットが所属するブロックを受け持っているスピーカー等の受け持ち面積である。 The evacuation action start time is set by the total of the time until the evacuation instruction is satisfied and the time from when the evacuation instruction is issued until the evacuation action is started. The time until the start of evacuation action is the sum of the information transmission time by word of mouth and the decision making and preparation time until action is taken, and is calculated using Equation 17.

Here, t is the time until the evacuation action is started, and A is the area of the speaker etc. that is responsible for the block to which the unit belongs.

  In 55 of FIG. 14, the number of units that can be moved from the living room node to the passage node via the living room link is calculated from the exit width and the number of passable persons per unit width. When the number of units on the living room node is larger than the number of movable units, the number of units on the living room node decreases by the number of movable units, and the number of units on the passage node increases by the number of movable units. In other cases, the number of units on the living room node is 0, and the number of units on the passage node is increased by the number of room node units.

ここで、L_leftは残り距離、Vは歩行速度、Δtは計算時間間隔である。 In 56 of FIG. 14, when the remaining distance of the unit on the passage link and the walking speed satisfy the relationship of Expression 18, it is determined that the target unit has reached the passage node, and the number of units reached is counted.

Here, L _left is the remaining distance, V is the walking speed, and Δt is the calculation time interval.

  In 57 of FIG. 14, the number of units reached from the living room node and the passage link to the passage node calculated in 55 and 56 is totaled.

  In 58 of FIG. 14, it is determined whether the unit that has reached the passage node has completed evacuation. Units with the same provisional destination node and final destination node are determined to be evacuated, and the time at this point is recorded as the evacuation completion time of the unit and at the same time excluded from the evacuation simulation target unit.

  In 59 of FIG. 14, when the number of units that have reached the passage node is less than the number of passable units calculated from the number of passable nodes per passage node and unit width, the number of units that reach the passage node is the downstream of the passage node. It is set as the number of inflow units to the passage link.

  If the number of units reaching the passage node exceeds the number of passable units, the number of passable units is set as the number of inflow units to the passage link downstream of the passage node in 60 of FIG.

ここで、tは到達時間、L_leftは残り距離、Vは歩行速度である。ただし、居室ノード内のユニットの残り距離は０が設定される。 Further, the arrival time is set by the equation 19 for the unit that reaches the passage node, and it is determined that the units that exceed the number of passable units in order from the unit having the largest arrival time do not flow into the passage node. .

Here, t is the arrival time, L _left is the remaining distance, and V is the walking speed. However, 0 is set as the remaining distance of the units in the room node.

  In addition, the number of units that do not flow out is subtracted from the number of units that reach the passage node from the room node and the passage link to which the unit that is determined not to flow out to the passage node belongs.

  In 61 of FIG. 14, the number of units in the passage link is calculated from the number of outflow units to the passage link and the number of outflow units from the passage link.

  In 62 of FIG. 14, the process of 63 is performed when the number of units in the passage link exceeds the number of allowable units within the path link, and the process of 64 is performed when it does not exceed the number.

  In FIG. 14, 63 is subtracted from the passable number of passage nodes on the upstream side of the passage link in excess of the allowable number of units in the passage link, and the number of inflow units to the passage node is corrected again at 60.

  In 64 of FIG. 14, the unit position information is updated to reflect the movement of the unit, and the number of units in the room node and the passage link is totaled.

ここで、L_newは新たに設定される残り距離、L₂は下流側通路リンクの距離、V₁、V₂はそれぞれ所属元の通路リンクの歩行速度、新たに移動する通路リンクの標準歩行速度、L_oldはもともとの残り距離、Δtは計算時間間隔である。 For a unit that moves from a path link to a new path link via a path node, the next path node number is set as a provisional target node, and the remaining distance is calculated using Equation 20.

Here, L _new is the newly set remaining distance, L ₂ is the distance of the downstream passage link, V ₁ and V ₂ are the walking speed of the original passage link, and the standard walking speed of the newly moving passage link, respectively. , L _old is the original remaining distance, and Δt is the calculation time interval.

  For units that move from the living room node to the passage link via the passage node, the position flag is set to 2, the next transit node number is set as the provisional destination node, and the remaining distance is newly set. The distance of the moving path link is set.

ここで、ここで、L_newは新たに設定される残り距離、V₁は通路リンクの歩行速度、L_oldはもともとの残り距離、Δtは計算時間間隔である。 Further, for units that remain in the same path link, the remaining distance is calculated using Equation 21. However, the remaining distance is set to 0 for the unit whose remaining distance is 0 or less.

Here, L _new is the newly set remaining distance, V ₁ is the walking speed of the passage link, L _old is the original remaining distance, and Δt is the calculation time interval.

  Also, location information is not updated for units that remain in the room node.

  In 65 of FIG. 14, when all the units have been evacuated or cannot be evacuated, the underground space evacuation simulation is terminated. In other cases, the time step is updated, and the processing after 51 is performed again.

  By performing the above calculation every time, the possibility of evacuation of each unit and the evacuation end time when it is evacuated are calculated, and the elapsed time from the evacuation instruction issuing time is calculated as the evacuation time required.

  By recounting the evacuation status of each unit with the initial block number, the possibility of evacuation of people in each block, and the maximum evacuation time and the final evacuation end time are calculated if evacuation is possible. .

  In addition, an underground space evacuation simulation can be performed even when an evacuation route is not designated in advance, and in this case, all possible evacuation routes can be set from the route network, and the above underground space evacuation simulation is performed for each evacuation route. As a result, the optimum evacuation route is extracted.

  Here, the optimal evacuation route is the route with the shortest maximum evacuation time for the entire block when there is a route that all units can evacuate, and more when all units cannot evacuate. It is a route that can be evacuated.

  Next, in the underground space inundation / evacuation simulation display system, the calculation conditions and the calculated results set in the underground space inundation simulation and underground space evacuation simulation are displayed on the floor plan for each level shown in FIG. .

  If you specify the display of all or any of the opening position, water stop facility position, inundation sensor position, important facility position, river inflow point, water depth data attachment point, speaker position, route network, it is specified on the screen The location of the facility is displayed.

  After executing the specification display command, by selecting the various facilities and blocks that are displayed, the specifications set for the facility are displayed as a table or figure, and by changing the displayed specifications, Input conditions for underground space inundation simulation and underground space evacuation simulation are changed.

  In addition, if the simulation result animation display command is executed, the change in time of all or one of the specified items of the inundation depth and flow velocity of the block, the inundation depth and flow velocity of the staircase, and the population density on the route network will be displayed on the screen. Is displayed as a pseudo animation.

  The display items are displayed by color coding according to the size of numbers, and the color for each range of numbers can be designated in advance.

  Furthermore, if the water stop facility position is displayed when the animation is displayed, it is highlighted when the water stop facility is installed, and if the important facility position is displayed, it is highlighted when the important facility starts flooding. If the inundation sensor position is displayed, it is highlighted when the inundation sensor starts inundation, and if the speaker position is displayed, it is highlighted when an evacuation instruction is issued.

  Also, if the evacuation allowance judgment display command is executed, the block that has been successfully evacuated is colored blue, the block that has evacuated successfully is red, and the block that has been evacuated but the evacuation end time is later than the important facility inundation time is colored yellow. Displayed above.

  Furthermore, if the calculation result time series display command is executed and the block displayed on the plan view is selected, the change of the inundation depth and the change of the flow velocity for each time of the selected block are displayed in a line graph. In addition, by selecting the staircase section, the inundation depth change and the flow velocity change for each hour of the selected staircase are displayed in a line graph. Furthermore, by selecting a route network, a change in population over time on the selected route is displayed as a line graph.

  In addition, if the XYZ coordinates of the floor, ceiling, wall, etc. of the underground space are acquired, the 3D display of the underground space is possible. By capturing the block coordinates and the inundation depth data for each hour, Can be displayed from an arbitrary viewpoint in three dimensions.

It is a flowchart which shows the outline | summary of a process of the system of this invention. It is a figure which shows the concept of modeling of the ground, an underground mall, and a subway. It is a figure which shows the concept of the slot of the upper part of a block. It is a figure which shows the item of an opening part. It is a figure which shows the item of a water stop facility. It is a figure which shows the item of stairs. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of the inundation simulation system between blocks. It is a conceptual diagram when the water level of a lower layer block has not reached the opening part height of an upper layer. It is a conceptual diagram in case the water level of a lower layer block has reached the opening part height of the upper layer. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of a staircase part simulation system. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of important facility inundation determination simulation system. It is a figure which shows the concept of route modeling of underground space. It is an example of a walking refuge difficulty curve. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process of an underground space evacuation simulation system. It is an example of underground space display.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Underground space inundation simulation system 2 ... Inter-block inundation simulation system 3 ... Underground space evacuation simulation system 4 ... Underground space inundation / evacuation simulation display system 5 ... Staircase simulation system 6 ... Inundation judgment simulation system for important facilities 7 ... Above ground 8 ... Underground shopping area 9 ... Subway 10 ... Block 11 ... Slot 12 ... Opening 13 ... Wall 14 ... Opening effective flow width 15 ... Stairs 16 ... Floor 17 ... Ceiling 18 ... Opening height 19 ... Layer thickness 20 ... Water stop plate 21 ... Water stop plate height 22 ... Water stop plate width 23 ... Stair length 24 ... Stair height 25 ... Stair width 26 ... Step 27 ... Water stop facility specification update 28 ... Block horizontal flow and flow rate calculation 29 ... Block top and bottom Flow rate calculation in direction 30 ... Intake of inflow from outside 31 ... Calculation of water depth in block 32 ... Upper block 33 ... Lower block 34 ... Opening height 35 ... Water level 36 ... Staircase simulation system initial condition setting 37 ... Acquisition of inundation depth and flow velocity calculation results of inter-block inundation simulation system 38 ... Calculation of water depth and flow velocity at each stage 39 ... Step depth / flow velocity setting 40 ... Inundation depth calculation result acquisition 41 ... Critical facility inundation determination 42 ... Living room 43 ... Passage 44 ... Living room node 45 ... Passage node 46 ... Living room link 47 ... Passage link 48 ... Safe evacuable area 49 ... Area where safe evacuation is difficult 50 ... Underground space evacuation simulation system initial condition setting 51 ... Underground space inundation simulation system inundation depth / flow velocity calculation result acquisition 52 ... Walk speed calculation in passage link 53 ... Evacuation availability determination 54 ... Evacuation start time Judgment 55 ... Calculation of the number of units reaching the aisle node from the living room node 6 ... Calculation of the number of units reaching the path node from the path link 57 ... Calculation of the total number of units flowing into the path node 58 ... Determination of arrival at the destination 59 ... Determination of the number of units capable of passing through the path node 60 ... Adjustment of the number of units flowing into the path node 61 ... Passage link unit number calculation 62 ... Passage link allowable unit number judgment 63 ... Outflow unit number adjustment from passage node 64 ... Unit position update 65 ... Evacuation end judgment 66 ... Display screen

Claims (7)

  The inflow of water from the river to the embankment or the inundation depth change at the entrance / exit of the underground facility is input as an external force condition, and the inflow amount to each level of the underground space and the inundation depth and flow velocity of each block of the underground space , The inundation depth and flow velocity of the staircases connecting the upper and lower layers, the means of performing underground space inundation simulation to calculate the inundation depth of important facility points, and the results of these calculations Of underground space evacuation simulation that considers the effects of the slowdown of walking speed, the occurrence of non-evacuable routes, the suspension of underground city functions due to inundation of important facilities, and the results of these underground space inundation simulation and underground space evacuation simulation are displayed An underground space inundation and evacuation simulation system characterized by comprising means.   Between the ground and underground shopping streets, between underground shopping streets, and between underground shopping streets and subways, the location and size of ventilation openings, the length and height of stairs, the location and specifications of the water stop, the block configuration and floors of the underground shopping street The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means for performing an inundation simulation for calculating the inundation depth, the flow velocity, and the inundation depth of an important facility point in each block and staircase of the underground space using the height and the ceiling height as input conditions. Underground space inundation / evacuation simulation system.   By assuming a virtual slot in the ceiling of each underground space block, even when the underground space becomes full due to full water, it has means to express the pressure head in the underground space by the water level in the slot, The underground space inundation / evacuation simulation system according to claim 1, further comprising means for performing a flood simulation for calculating a backflow phenomenon from the block to the upper block.   The population of each block in the underground space, the standard walking speed of the flat part, the standard walking speed of the staircase part, the evacuation route, the traffic restriction due to the passage width or entrance width, the inflow restriction due to the population density in the passage, the speaker that transmits the evacuation instruction, etc. An evacuation simulation that calculates the evacuation availability and evacuation end time of the population in each underground block using as input conditions the position and the handling block, the inundation depth on the evacuation route, the flow velocity, and the curve expressing the difficulty of walking due to the inundation depth and the flow velocity. The underground space inundation / evacuation simulation system according to claim 1, further comprising:   On the floor plan of each level, the inflow point position from the river, the entrance / exit position, the staircase position, the ventilator position, the evacuation route, the CCTV position, the inundation sensor position, the speaker position, and the important equipment position related to the calculation conditions of the inundation / evacuation simulation All or any of the above, and all or any of the inundation depth, flow velocity, movement status of the evacuation population, population density on the evacuation route related to the calculation results of the inundation / evacuation simulation 2. The underground space inundation / evacuation simulation system according to claim 1, further comprising: means for displaying the above in a pseudo animation for each hour.   By selecting any of the underground space block, inflow point from river, entrance / exit, stairs, ventilation opening, evacuation route, CCTV, inundation sensor, speaker, and important equipment, the specifications used for calculation of each facility are displayed in tabular form. The underground space inundation / evacuation simulation system according to claim 1, further comprising means for displaying and means for changing calculation conditions by editing specifications. It is provided with means for displaying inundation / evacuation simulation results related to each item in a graph format by selecting any one of the underground space block, doorway, stairs, ventilation opening, evacuation route, and important facilities. Item 1. The underground space inundation / evacuation simulation system according to item 1.

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