CN106683026B - Calculation method for safe evacuation time available for tunnel fire disaster in extra-long subway section - Google Patents
Calculation method for safe evacuation time available for tunnel fire disaster in extra-long subway section Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calculation method of safe evacuation time for a fire disaster of a tunnel in a super-long subway section, and relates to the technical field of disaster prevention and rescue of tunnels in subway sections; calculating the available safe evacuation time of the personnel in the fire disaster of the section tunnel by adopting a multi-factor comprehensive limiting method, wherein the available safe evacuation time of the personnel is divided into three evacuation stages, namely a stage that the personnel leave a fire vehicle, a stage that the personnel leave a fire section and a stage that the personnel reach a safe area; calculating the time of all control factors of the three stages respectively, and taking the minimum value as the available safe evacuation time of each corresponding stage, namely the available time t of getting off the passengers 1 Time t available for passengers to leave the fire zone 2 Time t available for passenger to reach safety zone 3 . The method has the advantages that the constraint factors limiting the evacuation time in each evacuation process are found out, so that the safe evacuation time available for personnel in a fire disaster is obtained, and the algorithm is simple and quick to calculate and high in efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of disaster prevention and rescue of subway section tunnels, in particular to a calculation method of safe evacuation time for a fire disaster of a special subway section tunnel.
Background
Urban rail transit lines are closed, smoke discharging and heat radiating conditions are poor, the temperature is high, high-concentration toxic smoke can be quickly generated, and people are difficult to evacuate and fire fighting is difficult. For a super-long subway section, due to the fact that the length of the section is long, the geological environment is complex, the number of parallel trains in the section is large, the number of passengers is large, accidents or disasters are easier to happen compared with a conventional section tunnel, the difficulty in carrying out personnel safety evacuation under the accident disaster condition is large, and the life safety of drivers and passengers in the section tunnel fire is guaranteed to be widely concerned by related technicians and scholars.
At present, no relevant specifications or guidelines are provided at home and abroad for prescribing or suggesting the available safe evacuation time of a specially-long subway section, most of domestic and overseas scholars carry out numerical analysis on special projects, the numerical analysis period is long, the requirements of pertinence and project parameter definition are met, great difficulty is brought to project implementation, and the decision making of the project item in the current period is not facilitated. The conventional numerical analysis method does not consider relevant parameters such as fire resistance of vehicles and tunnels, EPS continuous power supply time and the like, and has certain deviation with the actual conditions of engineering, and particularly secondary injury to passenger evacuation can be caused after a civil air duct is collapsed when the civil air duct reaches the fire resistance limit after a special air duct is arranged in an interval tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a reasonable-design calculation method for the safe evacuation time of the fire disaster of the tunnel in the extra-long subway section, which adopts a multi-factor comprehensive limiting method to calculate the safe evacuation time of the fire disaster personnel in the tunnel in the extra-long section, finds out the limiting factors of the evacuation time in each evacuation process, and further obtains the safe evacuation time of the personnel in the fire disaster.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the calculation method is as follows:
1. calculating the available safe evacuation time of personnel in the section tunnel by adopting a multi-factor comprehensive limiting method, wherein the thought of the available safe evacuation time calculating method is to follow the process from the occurrence and development of a fire disaster to the evacuation of the personnel, find out the limiting factors for limiting the evacuation time in each evacuation process, and the minimum value of the limiting time of the limiting factors is the available safe evacuation time of the personnel in the fire disaster; the safe evacuation of the personnel can be divided into three evacuation stages, namely a stage of leaving the ignition vehicle, a stage of leaving the ignition section and a stage of reaching a safe area;
2. calculating the time of all control factors of the three stages respectively, and taking the minimum value as the available safe evacuation time of each corresponding stage, namely the available time t of getting off the passengers 1 Time t available for passengers to leave the fire zone 2 Time t available for passenger to reach safety zone 3 Judging whether the related evacuation facilities meet the personnel safety evacuation requirements according to the three times;
the calculation steps of the available safe evacuation time of each corresponding stage are as follows:
2.1, calculating the available time t of passengers getting off 1 : determining the fire resistance integrity time of a vehicle, the fire heat release rate and the time for smoke layer parameters (temperature, minimum clear height and visibility) to reach the tolerance limit of a human body, calculating the fire hazard arrival time by combining the factors, taking the minimum value, and calculating the related parameters by the following formula:
2.1.1, fire heat release rate: q= a t 2 ；
2.1.2, smoke layer height and smoke settling time:
z/H＝1.11-0.281ln[(tQ 1/3 H -4/3 )/(A/H 2 )]；
2.1.3 minimum clear height of smoke layer: hq=1.6+0.1h;
2.1.4 smoke layer temperature: tm=t+q/(MCp);
2.1.5, visibility of smoke layer: s= (0.133-1.47 lgK) c )·R/K c ；
2.1.6, vehicle fire resistance integrity time: determining according to related specifications or technical requirements;
wherein Q is the fire source heat release rate (kW), a is the fire growth coefficient, t is the development time(s) of the fire, H is the tunnel height (m), A is the cross-sectional area (m 2 ) Z is the height (m) of the smoke layer generated above the fire source, tg is the fire source growth time(s), hq is the minimum clear height (m), T m The smoke layer temperature (K), T is the ambient temperature (K), M is the smoke quality generation flowQuantity (m) 3 S is visibility (m) -1 )，K c Is the extinction coefficient (m -1 ) R is a proportionality coefficient;
2.2 calculating the time t available for the passengers to leave the fire area 2 : at this time, when a fire disaster progresses to a certain stage, people start to leave the car body, smoke overflows from the carriage to the tunnel, and the high-temperature smoke layer basically does not harm human bodies due to the blocking of the car body, at this time, the visibility of the smoke in the tunnel, the minimum clear height limit time, the fire resistance time of the tunnel structure and the EPS duration of the tunnel are required to be determined, and the minimum value is taken;
2.3 calculating the time t available for the passenger to reach the safe area 3 : because passengers are far away from the fire point, people can be safely evacuated as long as sufficient illumination brightness exists in the tunnel, and the EPS duration of the tunnel is the control factor of the stage;
3. the evacuation of people is a continuous process, and the available time t for passengers to get off 1 Time t for passenger to leave the ignition region 2 Time t for passenger to reach safety area 3 The available safe evacuation time of each stage is required to be met, so that passengers can be safely evacuated in the whole process of fire occurrence; due to the presence of unforeseen factors, certain margin factors are also considered in determining the available safe evacuation time.
After the structure is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for calculating the safe evacuation time available for the fire disaster of the tunnel in the extra-long subway section, the safe evacuation time available for the personnel in the fire disaster of the tunnel in the section is calculated by adopting a multi-factor comprehensive limiting method, the limiting factors for limiting the evacuation time in each evacuation process are found out, the safe evacuation time available for the personnel in the fire disaster is obtained, and the algorithm is simple, convenient and rapid to calculate and high in efficiency.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the technical scheme adopted in the specific embodiment is as follows: the calculation method is as follows:
1. calculating the available safe evacuation time of personnel in the section tunnel by adopting a multi-factor comprehensive limiting method, wherein the thought of the available safe evacuation time calculating method is to follow the process from the occurrence and development of a fire disaster to the evacuation of the personnel, find out the limiting factors for limiting the evacuation time in each evacuation process, and the minimum value of the limiting time of the limiting factors is the available safe evacuation time of the personnel in the fire disaster; the safe evacuation of the personnel can be divided into three evacuation stages, namely a stage of leaving the ignition vehicle, a stage of leaving the ignition section and a stage of reaching a safe area;
2. calculating the time of all control factors of the three stages respectively, and taking the minimum value as the available safe evacuation time of each corresponding stage, namely the available time t of getting off the passengers 1 Time t available for passengers to leave the fire zone 2 Time t available for passenger to reach safety zone 3 Judging whether the related evacuation facilities meet the personnel safety evacuation requirements according to the three times;
the calculation steps of the available safe evacuation time of each corresponding stage are as follows:
2.1, calculating the available time t of passengers getting off 1 : the fire disaster happens just and the passengers on the train find that the passengers start to leave the train, the inside of the train body is an open space which can accommodate smoke generated in the early stage of the fire disaster, the fire disaster smoke spreads in the train at the moment, the related parameters affecting personnel escape are related parameters such as the temperature of a smoke layer in the carriage, the minimum clear height, the visibility, the fire resistance time of the vehicle and the like, and the fire resistance integrity time, the fire disaster heat release rate and the smoke layer parameters (temperature, the minimum clear height and the visibility) of the vehicle are determined to reach the human body toleranceAnd (3) calculating the fire hazard arrival time by combining the factors under the limit time, and taking the minimum value, wherein the related parameters can be calculated by the following formula:
2.1.1, fire heat release rate: q= a t 2 ；
2.1.2, smoke layer height and smoke settling time:
z/H＝1.11-0.281ln[(tQ 1/3 H -4/3 )/(A/H 2 )]；
2.1.3 minimum clear height of smoke layer: hq=1.6+0.1h;
2.1.4 smoke layer temperature: tm=t+q/(MCp);
2.1.5, visibility of smoke layer: s= (0.133-1.47 lgK) c )·R/K c ；
2.1.6, vehicle fire resistance integrity time: determining according to related specifications or technical requirements;
wherein Q is the fire source heat release rate (kW), a is the fire growth coefficient, t is the development time(s) of the fire, H is the tunnel height (m), A is the cross-sectional area (m 2 ) Z is the height (m) of the smoke layer generated above the fire source, tg is the fire source growth time(s), hq is the minimum clear height (m), T m Is smoke layer temperature (K), T is ambient temperature (K), M is smoke mass generation flow (M 3 S is visibility (m) -1 )，K c Is the extinction coefficient (m -1 ) R is a proportionality coefficient;
calculating that the smoke in the carriage is reduced to the minimum clear height or the temperature of a hot smoke layer exceeds 180 ℃ or the visibility in the carriage is less than 10m or the heat radiation exceeds 2.5kW/m 2 Or the time when the fire-resistant time of the vehicle reaches the limit, wherein the minimum value in the time is the available safe evacuation time at the stage;
2.2 calculating the time t available for the passengers to leave the fire area 2 : the fire has progressed to a stage where passengers have substantially left the train, but have not yet been thoroughly removed from the fire. Because of the barrier effect of the train body, fire heat generation does not threaten evacuation passengers, but because of limited carriage accommodating space and opening of carriage side doors, smoke overflows from the carriage side doors and is further diffused in tunnels; heat generated by fire can be accumulated upwardsThe fire-resistant limit of the vehicle body can be broken through, the tunnel structure is damaged, and for structural members such as civil partition plates, the local damage can cause collapse of the whole structure, and secondary damage is caused to evacuation passengers, so that the minimum clear height and visibility in the tunnel and the fire-resistant time of the tunnel structure are calculated at the stage, and further, the evacuation time of people can be limited due to the fact that the evacuation passengers walk in the tunnel at the moment, and the emergency lighting time of the evacuation indicator lamp in the tunnel can be the safe evacuation time at the stage, so that the minimum value in the time is the available safe evacuation time at the stage;
2.3 calculating the time t available for the passenger to reach the safe area 3 : at this time, passengers are basically far away from fire points, and because of the actions of related fire facilities, particularly a smoke exhaust system, smoke in a tunnel is effectively controlled, the passengers are evacuated by facing fresh air, the smoke does not harm the evacuated passengers, the tunnel structure is stable and dangerous, and in order to avoid evacuating passengers, the passengers are evacuated to a safe area before an emergency illumination power supply of an evacuation indicator lamp in the tunnel is exhausted, so that the continuous power supply time of the EPS emergency illumination of the tunnel is a main control factor of the available safe evacuation time at this stage;
3. the evacuation of people is a continuous process, and the available time t for passengers to get off 1 Time t for passenger to leave the ignition region 2 Time t for passenger to reach safety area 3 The available safe evacuation time of each stage is required to be met, so that passengers can be safely evacuated in the whole process of fire occurrence; due to the presence of unforeseen factors, certain margin factors are also considered in determining the available safe evacuation time.
The calculation principle of this embodiment is as follows: based on the characteristics of fire evacuation in the special subway section, relevant factors influencing the safe evacuation of personnel, such as fire burning type, combustible heat value, heat release rate, fire-fighting facilities, tunnel geometric dimension, evacuation mode and the like, are found out by referring to research results in relevant technical fields at home and abroad. According to the related literature, the judgment criteria for ensuring the safe evacuation of drivers and passengers under the fire working condition are as follows:
the beneficial effects of the specific embodiment are as follows: according to the calculation method of the safe evacuation time available for the fire disaster of the tunnel in the extra-long subway section, the safe evacuation time available for the fire disaster personnel in the tunnel in the section is calculated by adopting a multi-factor comprehensive limiting method, and the limiting factors for limiting the evacuation time in each evacuation process are found out, so that the safe evacuation time available for the personnel in the fire disaster is obtained.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention and not restrictive, and other modifications and equivalents thereof may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The calculation method of the safe evacuation time for the tunnel fire disaster in the extra-long subway section is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the calculation method is as follows:
(1) Calculating the available safe evacuation time of personnel in the section tunnel by adopting a multi-factor comprehensive limiting method, wherein the thought of the available safe evacuation time calculating method is to follow the process from the occurrence and development of the fire to the evacuation of the personnel, find out the limiting factors for limiting the evacuation time in each evacuation process, and the minimum value of the limiting time of the limiting factors is the available safe evacuation time of the personnel in the fire; the safe evacuation time for the personnel is divided into three evacuation stages, namely a stage of leaving the ignition vehicle, a stage of leaving the ignition section and a stage of reaching a safe area;
(2) Calculating the time of all control factors of the three evacuation stages respectively, and taking the minimum value as the available safe evacuation time of each corresponding stage, namely the available time t of passengers getting off 1 Time t available for passengers to leave the fire zone 2 Time t available for passenger to reach safety zone 3 According to the available time t of passengers getting off 1 Time t available for passengers to leave the fire zone 2 Passenger arrival safetyTime of availability of zone t 3 Judging whether the related evacuation facilities meet the personnel safety evacuation requirements;
the calculation steps of the available safe evacuation time of each corresponding stage are as follows:
(2.1) calculating the available time t for passengers to get off 1 : determining the fire resistance integrity time, the fire heat release rate and the smoke layer parameter reaching the human tolerance limit time of the vehicle, calculating the fire hazard arrival time by combining the factors, taking the minimum value, and calculating the related parameters by the following formula:
(2.1.1), fire heat release rate: q= a t 2 ；
(2.1.2), smoke layer height and smoke settling time:
z/H＝1.11-0.281ln[(tQ 1/3 H -4/3 )/(A/H 2 )]；
(2.1.3), minimum clear height of smoke layer: hq=1.6+0.1h;
(2.1.4), smoke layer temperature: tm=t+q/(MCp);
(2.1.5), smoke layer visibility: s= (0.133-1.47 lgK) c )·R/K c ；
(2.1.6), vehicle fire-resistance integrity time: determining according to related specifications or technical requirements;
wherein Q is the heat release rate kW of a fire source, a is the fire growth coefficient, t is the development time s of the fire, H is the tunnel height m, A is the sectional area m of a large space 2 Z is the height m of the smoke layer generated above the fire source, tg is the fire source growth time s, hq is the minimum clear height m, T m The smoke layer temperature K, T is the ambient temperature K, M is the smoke mass generating flow M 3 S, S is visibility m -1 ，K c Is the dimming coefficient m of the smoke -1 R is a proportionality coefficient;
(2.2) calculating the time t available for the passenger to leave the fire zone 2 : at this time, when the fire disaster progresses to a certain stage, people start to leave the car body, smoke overflows from the carriage to the tunnel, and the high-temperature smoke layer basically does not harm human bodies due to the blocking of the car body, so that the visibility of the smoke in the tunnel, the minimum clear height limit time, the fire resistance time of the tunnel structure and the EPS duration of the tunnel are required to be determinedTaking the minimum value;
(2.3) calculating the time t available for the passenger to reach the safe zone 3 : because passengers are far away from the fire point, people can be safely evacuated as long as sufficient illumination brightness exists in the tunnel, and the EPS duration of the tunnel is the control factor of the stage;
(3) The evacuation of people is a continuous process, and the available time t for passengers to get off 1 Time t for passenger to leave the ignition region 2 Time t for passenger to reach safety area 3 The available safe evacuation time of each stage is required to be met, so that passengers can be safely evacuated in the whole process of fire occurrence; due to the presence of unforeseen factors, certain margin factors are also considered in determining the available safe evacuation time.
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| CN110516331B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-06-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for calculating emergency escape and evacuation time of marine personnel under fire condition |
| CN111125903A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-08 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for calculating evacuation reliability of fire personnel in subway tunnel train |
| CN113902602A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-07 | 中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司 | Method for calculating personnel evacuation time of railway vehicle |
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