CN106683026A - Available safe evacuation time algorithm for ultra-long subway tunnel - Google Patents
Available safe evacuation time algorithm for ultra-long subway tunnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an available safe evacuation time algorithm for an ultra-long subway tunnel. The invention relates to the field of subway tunnel disaster prevention and rescue. The safe evacuation time algorithm comprises the steps of calculating available safe evacuation time of tunnel personnel in a tunnel according to a multi-factor comprehensive limitation method, wherein available safe evacuation of personnel is divided into three evacuation periods, namely a personnel separating-from-on-fire-train period, a personnel separating-from-on-fire-segment period, and a personnel reaching-safe-area period; respectively calculating time lengths of all control factors of the three periods, using the shortest time lengths as the available safe evacuation time of each corresponding period, namely passenger getting-off available time length t1, passenger separating-from-on-fire-area available time length t2 and passenger reaching-safe-area available time length t3, and determining whether related evacuation facilities satisfy a personnel safe evacuation requirement according to the three time lengths. The multi-factor comprehensive limitation method is utilized for calculating the available safe evacuation time of the tunnel personnel in the ultra-long tunnel; the restraining factors which restrict the evacuation time in each evacuation process are found out; and furthermore the available safe evacuation time of the personnel in fire is obtained. The available safe evacuation time algorithm has advantages of simple and quick calculation, and high efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to subway sectional tunnel Fire prevention technical field, and in particular to speciality underground railway tunnel fire can
Use safe escape time algorithm.
Background technology
City rail traffic route is closed, and, temperature poor with radiating condition of discharging fume during fire is high, can quickly produce high concentration
Toxic smog, causes evacuating personnel difficulty, fire fighting difficulty big.And for speciality Subway Tunnel, due to its length it is long, geology
Environment is complicated, and interval interior parallel train quantity is more, and passengers quantity is big, and relatively conventional running tunnel is more easy to accident or disaster,
Safety evacuation difficulty is carried out under the conditions of Accidents Disasters bigger, the life security of driver and conductor during guard space tunnel fire hazard
By person skilled and the extensive concern of scholar.
There is no both at home and abroad at present related specifications or guide speciality Subway Tunnel available safe egress time is made regulation or
Suggestion, Chinese scholars major part is that numerical analysis is carried out to special engineering, and numerical analysis cycle length, great specific aim and work
The requirement that journey parameter is made clear, often brings great difficulty to engineering construction, is unfavorable for engineering project Pre-Stage Decision-Making.Convenient value
Analysis method does not consider the relevant parameters such as vehicle, tunnel fire resisting and EPS continued power times, as a result exists with engineering practice
Certain deviation, especially running tunnel are arranged after special air duct, if reach will be to passenger after fire endurance caves in civil engineering air channel
Evacuation causes secondary injury.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims to the defect and deficiency of prior art, there is provided a kind of speciality subway area reasonable in design
Between tunnel fire hazard available safe egress time algorithm, using multi-factor comprehensive limit method calculate speciality running tunnel fire personnel can
The safe escape time is used, is found out and limit during each evacuation the restraining factors of evacuation time, and then obtain personnel during fire and be can use
Safe escape time, the algorithm calculates simple and efficient, efficiency high.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is：Its computational methods are as follows：
1st, method computation interval tunnel fire hazard personnel's available safe egress time is limited using multi-factor comprehensive, described personnel can use
The thinking of safe escape Time Calculation method is exactly to follow fire to occur, develop into evacuating personnel process, finds out each evacuation process
The middle restraining factors for limiting evacuation time, personnel can when the minima for itself limiting the time of described restraining factors is exactly fire
Use the safe escape time；Described personnel can with safe escape be divided into three evacuation stages, i.e. personnel leave the vehicle stage of catching fire,
Personnel leave section stage of catching fire, personnel and reach the safety zone stage；
2nd, respectively calculate the above three stage all governing factor times, take wherein minima, be exactly it is each correspondence the stage can
Use safe escape time, i.e. passenger getting off car pot life t1, passenger leave fire area pot life t2, passenger reach place of safety
Domain pot life t3, differentiate whether related means of escape meets safety evacuation requirement according to three times；
The calculation procedure of the available safe egress time in described each correspondence stage is as follows：
2.1st, passenger getting off car pot life t is calculated1：Determine vehicle fire integrity time, fire heat release rate, smoke stratification parameter
（Temperature, minimum clear height, visibility）Human Tolerance limit time is reached, comprehensive these factors calculate fire hazard and come interim
Between, wherein minima is taken, relevant parameter can be calculated with following formula：
2.1.1, fire heat release rate：Q=a t2；
2.1.2, smoke stratification height and smoke settlement time： z/H=1.11-0.281ln[(tQ1/3H-4/3)/(A/H2)]；
2.1.3, smoke stratification minimum clear height：Hq=1.6+0.1H；
2.1.4, smoke stratification temperature：Tm=T+ Qc/(MCp)；
2.1.5, smoke stratification visibility：S=（0.133-1.47lgKc）·R/Kc；
2.1.6, the vehicle fire integrity time：Determined according to related specifications or technical requirements；
In formula, Q is heat release rate（kW）, a is fire growth factor, and t is the development time of fire（s）, H be that tunnel is high
Degree（m）, Q is to stablize heat release rate（kW）, A is the sectional area of large space（m2）, z is that burning things which may cause a fire disaster top starts to produce cigarette
The height of layer（m）, tg is burning things which may cause a fire disaster rise time（s）, Hq is minimum clear height（m）, TmFor smoke stratification temperature（K）, T is ring
Border temperature（K）, M is that flue gas mass generates flow（m3/s）, S is visibility（m-1）, KcFor the obscuration coefficient of flue gas（m-1）, R is
Proportionality coefficient;
2.2nd, calculate passenger and leave fire area pot life t2：Now, to certain phase, personnel have started to leave fire development
Car body, flue gas is spilled over to tunnel from compartment, makes high temperature smoke stratification substantially not to human body generation harm because car body is intercepted, and now needs to determine
Flue gas visibility and minimum clear height limit time, tunnel structure fire resistance period and tunnel EPS persistent period in tunnel, take it
Middle minima；
2.3rd, calculate passenger and reach safety zone pot life t3：Because passenger is away from fiery point, as long as now have in tunnel filling
Safe escape by the brightness of illumination of foot, personnel, the tunnel EPS persistent period is the governing factor in this stage；
3rd, evacuating personnel is continuous process, passenger getting off car pot life t1≤ passenger leaves fire area pot life t2≤ passenger
Reach safety zone pot life t3, and the available safe egress time in each stage is both needed to satisfaction, and passenger could be ensured in fire
Safe escape during the entire process of calamity generation；Due to the presence of unpredictable element, also need when determining available safe egress time
Consider certain surplus coefficiert.
After said structure, the present invention has the beneficial effect that：Speciality underground railway tunnel fire of the present invention can use
Safe escape time algorithm, personnel's available safe egress time when limiting method computation interval tunnel fire hazard using multi-factor comprehensive,
The restraining factors that evacuation time is limited during each evacuation are found out, personnel's available safe egress time during fire, the algorithm is obtained
Calculate simple and efficient, efficiency high.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
The accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, may be used also
To obtain other accompanying drawings according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is further illustrated.
Referring to as shown in figure 1, the technical scheme that this specific embodiment is adopted is：Its computational methods are as follows：
1st, method computation interval tunnel fire hazard personnel's available safe egress time is limited using multi-factor comprehensive, described personnel can use
The thinking of safe escape Time Calculation method is exactly to follow fire to occur, develop into evacuating personnel process, finds out each evacuation process
The middle restraining factors for limiting evacuation time, personnel can when the minima for itself limiting the time of described restraining factors is exactly fire
Use the safe escape time；Described personnel can with safe escape be divided into three evacuation stages, i.e. personnel leave the vehicle stage of catching fire,
Personnel leave section stage of catching fire, personnel and reach the safety zone stage；
2nd, respectively calculate the above three stage all governing factor times, take wherein minima, be exactly it is each correspondence the stage can
Use safe escape time, i.e. passenger getting off car pot life t1, passenger leave fire area pot life t2, passenger reach place of safety
Domain pot life t3, differentiate whether related means of escape meets safety evacuation requirement according to three times；
The calculation procedure of the available safe egress time in described each correspondence stage is as follows：
2.1st, passenger getting off car pot life t is calculated1：Fire has just occurred and has been found by passenger on car, and passenger initially moves off catches fire
Train, train body inside is clearing, can accommodate the flue gas of Initial Stage of Fire generation, and now fire smoke is climing in the car
Prolong, the relevant parameter for affecting personnel escape is interior smoke layer temperature, minimum clear height, visibility and vehicle fire resisting
The relevant parameters such as time, determine vehicle fire integrity time, fire heat release rate, smoke stratification parameter（Temperature, minimum clear height
Degree, visibility）Human Tolerance limit time is reached, comprehensive these factors calculate fire hazard and arrive the time, take wherein minima,
Relevant parameter can be calculated with following formula：
2.1.1, fire heat release rate：Q=a t2；
2.1.2, smoke stratification height and smoke settlement time： z/H=1.11-0.281ln[(tQ1/3H-4/3)/(A/H2)]；
2.1.3, smoke stratification minimum clear height：Hq=1.6+0.1H；
2.1.4, smoke stratification temperature：Tm=T+ Qc/(MCp)；
2.1.5, smoke stratification visibility：S=（0.133-1.47lgKc）·R/Kc；
2.1.6, the vehicle fire integrity time：Determined according to related specifications or technical requirements；
In formula, Q is heat release rate（kW）, a is fire growth factor, and t is the development time of fire（s）, H be that tunnel is high
Degree（m）, Q is to stablize heat release rate（kW）, A is the sectional area of large space（m2）, z is that burning things which may cause a fire disaster top starts to produce cigarette
The height of layer（m）, tg is burning things which may cause a fire disaster rise time（s）, Hq is minimum clear height（m）, TmFor smoke stratification temperature（K）, T is ring
Border temperature（K）, M is that flue gas mass generates flow（m3/s）, S is visibility（m-1）, KcFor the obscuration coefficient of flue gas（m-1）, R is
Proportionality coefficient；
Flue gas drops to minimum clear height or hot layer temperature and is less than more than visibility in 180 DEG C or compartment in calculating compartment
10m or heat radiation are more than 2.5 kW/m2Or the time that vehicle fire resistance period reaches capacity, the minimum in the above-mentioned time is this
Stage available safe egress time；
2.2nd, calculate passenger and leave fire area pot life t2：Fire has developed to certain phase, and passenger is substantially away from catching fire
Train, but not yet thoroughly away from fiery point.Due to the iris action of train body, fire heat production not to evacuate passenger cause prestige
The side of body, but because compartment receiving space is limited and compartment side door is opened, flue gas will overflow from compartment side door, and then expand in tunnel
Dissipate；The heat that fire is produced gathers upwards, may break through car body fire endurance, and then tunnel structure is caused to damage, for soil
For building the structural members such as dividing plate, local damage may cause caving in and then causing secondary injury to evacuating passenger for total,
Thus this stage calculates the fire resistance period of minimum clear height, visibility and tunnel structure in tunnel, further, due to this
When evacuate passenger walk in tunnel, the emergency lighting time of indicating lamp for emergency can also limit the evacuation time of personnel in tunnel,
Minimum in the above-mentioned time is this stage available safe egress time；
2.3rd, calculate passenger and reach safety zone pot life t3：Now passenger is substantially away from fiery point, due to related fire fighting device
The particularly action of smoke evacuation system, flue gas has been effectively controlled in tunnel, and passenger evacuates in face of fresh air, and flue gas is not right
Evacuate passenger to work the mischief, and tunnel structure is stable without danger, it is panic in order to avoid evacuating passenger, need to ensure that evacuation refers in tunnel
Show the Emergency Lighting Supply of lamp exhaust before by passenger evacuation to safety zone, therefore tunnel EPS emergency lighting continued power times
It is the major control factors of this stage available safe egress time；
3rd, evacuating personnel is continuous process, passenger getting off car pot life t1≤ passenger leaves fire area pot life t2≤ passenger
Reach safety zone pot life t3, and the available safe egress time in each stage is both needed to satisfaction, and passenger could be ensured in fire
Safe escape during the entire process of calamity generation；Due to the presence of unpredictable element, also need when determining available safe egress time
Consider certain surplus coefficiert.
The calculating principle of this specific embodiment is as follows：Domestic and international correlative technology field achievement in research is used for reference, based on speciality
Subway Tunnel fire evacuation feature, finding out affects the correlative factor of safety evacuation, such as fire incendiary type, combustible heat
Value, HRR, fire fighting device, tunnel physical dimension and evacuation mode etc..According to pertinent literature, it is ensured that driver and conductor is in fire
The decision criteria of safe escape is under calamity operating mode：
This specific embodiment has the beneficial effect that：Speciality underground railway tunnel fire described in this specific embodiment can be with safety
Evacuation time algorithm, using multi-factor comprehensive method computation interval tunnel fire hazard personnel's available safe egress time is limited, and is found out each
The restraining factors of evacuation time are limited during evacuation, and then obtains personnel's available safe egress time during fire, the algorithm meter
It is simple and efficient, efficiency high.
The above, only to illustrate technical scheme and unrestricted, those of ordinary skill in the art are to this
Other modifications or equivalent that bright technical scheme is made, without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention,
All should cover in the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (1)
1. speciality underground railway tunnel fire available safe egress time algorithm, it is characterised in that：Its computational methods are as follows：
(1), method computation interval tunnel fire hazard personnel's available safe egress time is limited using multi-factor comprehensive, described personnel can
Thinking with safe escape Time Calculation method is exactly to follow fire to occur, develop into evacuating personnel process, finds out each evacuation
The restraining factors of evacuation time, the personnel when minima for itself limiting the time of described restraining factors is exactly fire are limited in journey
Available safe egress time；Described personnel can be divided into three evacuation stages, i.e. personnel and leave vehicle rank of catching fire with safe escape
Section, personnel leave section stage of catching fire, personnel and reach the safety zone stage；
(2) all governing factor times in above three stage, are calculated respectively, wherein minima is taken, and are exactly each correspondence stage
Available safe egress time, i.e. passenger getting off car pot life t1, passenger leave fire area pot life t2, passenger reach safety
Region pot life t3, differentiate whether related means of escape meets safety evacuation requirement according to three times；
The calculation procedure of the available safe egress time in described each correspondence stage is as follows：
(2.1), passenger getting off car pot life t is calculated1：Determine vehicle fire integrity time, fire heat release rate, smoke stratification ginseng
Number reaches Human Tolerance limit time, and comprehensive these factors calculate fire hazard and arrive the time, take wherein minima, relevant parameter
Can be calculated with following formula：
(2.1.1), fire heat release rate：Q=a t2；
(2.1.2), smoke stratification height and smoke settlement time： z/H=1.11-0.281ln[(tQ1/3H-4/3)/(A/H2)]；
(2.1.3), smoke stratification minimum clear height：Hq=1.6+0.1H；
(2.1.4), smoke stratification temperature：Tm=T+ Qc/(MCp)；
(2.1.5), smoke stratification visibility：S=（0.133-1.47lgKc）·R/Kc；
(2.1.6), the vehicle fire integrity time：Determined according to related specifications or technical requirements；
In formula, Q is heat release rate kW, and a is fire growth factor, and t is tunnel height m for development time s, H of fire,
To stablize heat release rate kW, A is the sectional area m of large space to Q2, z is that burning things which may cause a fire disaster top starts to produce the height m of smoke stratification,
Tg is burning things which may cause a fire disaster rise time s, and Hq is minimum clear height m, TmFor smoke stratification temperature K, T is ambient temperature K, and M is flue gas mass
Generate flow m3/ s, S are visibility m-1, KcFor the obscuration coefficient m of flue gas-1, R is proportionality coefficient;
(2.2), calculate passenger and leave fire area pot life t2：Now, fire development is to certain phase, personnel have started to from
Driving body, flue gas is spilled over to tunnel from compartment, makes high temperature smoke stratification substantially not to human body generation harm because car body is intercepted, and now needs really
Determine flue gas visibility and minimum clear height in tunnel and limit time, tunnel structure fire resistance period and tunnel EPS persistent period, take
Wherein minima；
(2.3), calculate passenger and reach safety zone pot life t3：Because passenger is away from fiery point, as long as now have in tunnel filling
Safe escape by the brightness of illumination of foot, personnel, the tunnel EPS persistent period is the governing factor in this stage；
(3), evacuating personnel is continuous process, passenger getting off car pot life t1≤ passenger leaves fire area pot life t2≤ take advantage of
Visitor reaches safety zone pot life t3, and the available safe egress time in each stage is both needed to satisfaction, could ensure that passenger exists
Safe escape during the entire process of fire generation；Due to the presence of unpredictable element, go back when determining available safe egress time
Certain surplus coefficiert need to be considered.
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| CN201710016650.9A CN106683026B (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | Calculation method for safe evacuation time available for tunnel fire disaster in extra-long subway section |
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| CN201710016650.9A CN106683026B (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | Calculation method for safe evacuation time available for tunnel fire disaster in extra-long subway section |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110516331A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Marine personnel's emergency escape departure time calculation method under a kind of fire condition |
| CN111125903A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-08 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for calculating evacuation reliability of fire personnel in subway tunnel train |
| CN113902602A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-07 | 中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司 | Method for calculating personnel evacuation time of railway vehicle |
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| CN1064057A (en) * | 1991-02-13 | 1992-09-02 | 刘忠宪 | Anti-robbing and anti-theft method and device capable of protecting driver and automobile safety |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110516331A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Marine personnel's emergency escape departure time calculation method under a kind of fire condition |
| CN110516331B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-06-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for calculating emergency escape and evacuation time of marine personnel under fire condition |
| CN111125903A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-08 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for calculating evacuation reliability of fire personnel in subway tunnel train |
| CN113902602A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-07 | 中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司 | Method for calculating personnel evacuation time of railway vehicle |
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| CN106683026B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
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