CN103391927A - 利奈唑胺及其新中间体的新制备方法 - Google Patents

利奈唑胺及其新中间体的新制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103391927A
CN103391927A CN2012800098545A CN201280009854A CN103391927A CN 103391927 A CN103391927 A CN 103391927A CN 2012800098545 A CN2012800098545 A CN 2012800098545A CN 201280009854 A CN201280009854 A CN 201280009854A CN 103391927 A CN103391927 A CN 103391927A
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拉古·米特拉·阿拉
阿贾伊·库马尔·迪贝
阿鲁娜·库马里·希里吉里
纳加·卡尔纳·库马尔·马里杜
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Abstract

用于制备
Figure DDA0000369901590000011
唑烷酮抗菌剂利奈唑胺(包括
Figure DDA0000369901590000012
唑烷酮的关键中间体)的新方法,其包括:使3-氟-4-吗啉基苯胺与R-表氯醇反应;羰基化以形成
Figure DDA0000369901590000013
唑烷酮衍生物;用乙酸钠对(5R)-5-(氯甲基)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基-唑烷-2-酮进行乙酰化以得到新的中间体;使(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure DDA0000369901590000015
唑烷基甲基乙酸酯水解;使(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure DDA0000369901590000016
唑烷基甲醇甲磺酰化;使(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure DDA0000369901590000017
唑烷基甲基甲磺酸酯与邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾反应;用水合肼对(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-唑烷基甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺进行水解;用乙酸酐对(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-

Description

利奈唑胺及其新中间体的新制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及
Figure BDA0000369901580000011
唑烷酮抗菌剂利奈唑胺及其关键中间体的新的制备方法。
背景技术
Figure BDA0000369901580000012
唑烷酮抗菌剂是对许多人和动物病原体具有强效活性的一类新的合成抗微生物剂(antimicrobial),所述病原体包括革兰氏阳性需氧菌(gram-positiveaerobicbacteria)(例如多重耐药葡萄球菌和链球菌)、厌氧生物体(例如拟杆菌属(bacteroides)和梭状芽胞杆菌属(clostridiaspecies))以及抗酸生物体(例如结核分枝杆菌(mycobacteriumtuberculosis)和禽结合分枝杆菌(mycobacteriumavium))。
在低级抗菌剂中,利奈唑胺是对许多病原微生物具有抗微生物活性的近期合成类抗菌剂。利奈唑胺[(S)-N-[[3-[3-氟-4-(4-吗啉基)苯基]-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000013
唑烷基]甲基]乙酰胺]公开于US5,688,792中。其在美国由PfizerInc以商标名
Figure BDA0000369901580000014
销售。
我们发现并开发了可用于制备利奈唑胺的新中间体和新方法。所述方法具有降低利奈唑胺的商业化生产之成本的潜力。我们还发现了在目前已知方法中更有用的新的关键中间体。
已经发现,美国专利No.:5,688,792描述了如以下方案中所描述的利奈唑胺的制备方法。
方案-1
Figure BDA0000369901580000021
另外,US2007/0032472A1公开了如在以下方案中描述的用于以不同路线制备利奈唑胺的两种方法。
方案-2
以上提到的基础专利描述了在-78℃的温度下通过使用危险化学品(如n-BuLi)制备羟基衍生物,报告了非常低的产率。该方法在商业上是不可行的,并且处理BuLi以及非常低的温度是非常困难的。
在其他提到的专利方法中,形成更多的其他不期望的异构体以及不明杂质,其很难被除去,并且这些杂质将持续存在于最终药物利奈唑胺中,并在除去过程期间使收率变得非常低。
这促进并迫使人们进行进一步的研究以试图开发新的路线,从而避免杂质的形成并使产率最大化。我们已经发现并开发出了可用于制备抗微生物剂利奈唑胺的用于制备新中间体的新方法。本发明的另一个目的是提供改进的利奈唑胺制备方法,其避免迄今已知方法的缺点。该方法具有显著降低利奈唑胺的商业化生产之成本的潜力。
发明目的
本发明的主要目的是提供
Figure BDA0000369901580000033
唑烷酮抗菌剂利奈唑胺的新的制备方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于制备利奈唑胺之关键中间体的新的制备方法。
发明概述
本发明提供了制备利奈唑胺的方法,
Figure BDA0000369901580000031
利奈唑胺
所述方法包括:
步骤(a):将式IX的[3-氟-4-吗啉基苯胺]与R-表氯醇反应
步骤(b):化合物结构VIII的羰基化
步骤(C):化合物结构VII的乙酰化
Figure BDA0000369901580000042
步骤(d):化合物结构(VI)的水解
Figure BDA0000369901580000043
步骤(e):化合物结构(V)的甲磺酰化
步骤(f):化合物结构(IV)的酰亚胺化(imidation)
Figure BDA0000369901580000045
步骤(g):化合物结构(III)的水解
Figure BDA0000369901580000051
步骤(h):化合物结构(II)的乙酰化
Figure BDA0000369901580000052
发明详述
本发明的方法在方案-3中举例说明:
方案-3:
Figure BDA0000369901580000061
本发明提供了可用于制备式(I)利奈唑胺的新的所述式中间体的制备方法,其包括:
(i)在70-80℃的温度下在有机碱和溶剂的存在下使化合物1,2-二氟-4-硝基苯与吗啉反应以形成已知的式X中间体。
在步骤(i)中可以使用碱,例如三乙胺、二异丙基胺和吡啶,最优选三乙胺。可以通过已知方法(例如US5,688,792中描述的那些)进行缩合。
(ii)在25-60℃的温度下在催化剂和溶剂的存在下使式X化合物还原以形成已知的式IX中间体。
可以使用催化剂,例如低亚硫酸钠(Hydrose)、钯、雷尼镍(RaneyNickel)、锌。在步骤(ii)中可以优选使用钯/碳,最优选雷尼镍。所使用的溶剂可以选自甲醇、水、异丙醇、乙醇和乙酸乙酯。最优选可以使用甲醇作为溶剂。该反应温度可以优选25-60℃,最优选40-45℃。可以使用的雷尼镍为10-30%,优选20%催化剂,最优选可以使用15%催化剂。可应用的氢气压力为4.0-6.0kg/cm-2,可应用最优选4.0-4.5kg/cm-2
(iii)在醇存在下使式IX化合物与R-表氯醇反应以产生已知的式VIII中间体。
所述溶剂例如DMF、DMAc、乙腈、仲丁醇、IPA、叔丁醇。最优选使用叔丁醇。但是对于更好的产率和最高的对映体纯度,表氯醇的量是至关重要的。出于反应完成的目的,使用3-氟-4-吗啉基苯胺的1.25倍摩尔当量。反应在沸腾温度下进行约16小时,其为反应完成所需。
(iv)通过已知方法使式VIII化合物与羰基二咪唑(dicarbonylimidazolyl)进行羰基化反应以产生式VII中间体。
用于使式VII分离/结晶的溶剂选自乙酸正丁酯、乙酸仲丁酯、乙酸乙酯和乙酸甲酯。优选的溶剂可以为乙酸乙酯,最优选的溶剂可以为乙酸正丁酯,从而制备更优质量的该中间体。
(v)在非质子溶剂的存在下使式VII化合物进行乙酰化反应以形成新的式VI中间体。
可以使用乙酰化试剂,例如乙酸钠(无水)、乙酸钠(一水合物)、乙酸钠(三水合物)和乙酸钾。最优选可以使用1.0-2.5摩尔当量的无水乙酸钠。最优选可以使用2.0摩尔当量的无水乙酸钠。
所述溶剂选自非质子溶剂,例如二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、二甲基乙酰胺,最优选二甲基甲酰胺。所述反应温度可以优选为90-130℃并且最优选120℃。完成的反应时间可以优选地为8-12小时,最优选8-10小时。
(vi)在非极性溶剂和碱的存在下使化合物式VI进行水解反应以产生新的式V化合物。
非极性溶剂选自四氢呋喃、甲苯、己烷,最优选的溶剂可以为四氢呋喃。碱性水解无机碱选自NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾。最优选地可以使用1.0-1.5摩尔当量的叔丁醇钠。反应温度可以优选0-l5℃,最优选10-l5℃。
(vii)可以通过如U55,688,792中所描述的已知方法进行在二氯甲烷存在下的式V化合物与甲烷磺酰氯的甲磺酰化反应。
(viii)通过已知方法在二甲基甲酰胺的存在下使式IV化合物与邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾反应以产生已知的式III中间体。
所述反应温度为80-140℃并且最优选的反应温度为120℃。
(ix)使式III化合物与水合肼或甲胺水溶液反应以产生式II化合物。这些脱保护的方法是已知的并且描述于U55,688,792中。
(x)使(5)-N-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000081
哇烷基甲胺与乙酸酐反应以产生式I化合物(利奈唑胺)。
本发明在下面的实施例中进行更具体地描述和阐明。
实施例:
(S)-N-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000082
唑烷基甲基乙酰胺
步骤(1):3-氟-4-吗啉基硝基苯
在40-50℃下在乙晴溶剂(115ml)的存在下,将3,4-二氟硝基苯(100克)缓慢添加到吗啉(76.6克)、三乙胺(23ml)的混合物中。将反应物在回流温度下加热6小时,冷却至25-30℃。然后将水(600ml)缓慢添加到反应物中,然后冷却至0-5℃。将反应混合物搅拌1小时。过滤固体以得到134克的3-氟-4-吗啉基硝基苯。
步骤(2):3-氟-4-吗啉基苯胺
添加甲醇(1.35升)和3-氟-4-吗啉基硝基苯(134克)至高压釜中,并随后添加雷尼镍(20.5克)。将该系统用氮气和氢气吹扫(nush)。氢的压力设置为4·0kg/cm-2。将反应混合物在45-5O℃、H2压力下搅拌8小时,并用TLC跟踪反应直至完成。将反应混合物通过硅藻土过滤并在<50℃的温度下U/真空下将滤液蒸馏/蒸发完全。将反应物冷却至25-30℃。向其中添加DM水(400ml)。在25-30℃搅拌1小时。过滤固体以得到105克3-氟-4-吗啉基苯胺。
步骤(3):N-[3-氯-2-(R)-羟基丙基]-3-氟-4-吗啉基苯胺
将3-氟-4-吗啉基苯胺(100克)与R-表氯醇(59克)混合,添加叔丁醇(500ml)并加热至回流温度16小时。将溶剂蒸馏以得到156克N-[3-氯-2-(R)-羟基丙基]-3-氟-4-吗啉基苯胺。
步骤(4):(5R)-5-(氯甲基)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-唑烷-2-酮
将N-[3-氯-2-(R)-羟基丙基]-3-氟-4-吗啉基苯胺(156克)溶解在二氯甲烷(1.5升)中,在室温下添加羰基二咪唑(87.4克),在25-30℃下搅拌24小时。然后用水洗涤三次(750ml×3)。经Na2SO4干燥。蒸馏二氯甲烷以得到156克的粗品(5R)-5-(氯甲基)-3-[3-氟-4-[4-吗啉基]苯基]-2-
Figure BDA0000369901580000094
唑烷酮,其从乙酸正丁酯(100ml)中进一步分离并结晶以得到83克(5R)-5-(氯甲基)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-
Figure BDA0000369901580000095
唑烷-2-酮。
步骤(5):(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000092
唑烷基甲基乙酸酯
将(5R)-5-(氯甲基)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-
Figure BDA0000369901580000093
唑烷-2-酮(83克)与乙酸钠(43克)混合并添加二甲基甲酰胺(320ml)。将反应物加热至120℃并搅拌8-10小时。然后将其冷却至25-30℃。过滤无机盐并用DMF(10ml)洗涤。添加DM水(1.0升)至圆底烧瓶中。在20-05℃下在60分钟内缓慢添加上述反应物至水中并在20-25℃下搅拌30分钟。过滤所沉淀的固体,在50℃干燥所述物质5-6小时以得到65克(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000096
唑烷基甲基乙酸酯。
步骤(6):(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000097
唑烷基甲醇
将(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000098
唑烷基甲基乙酸酯(62克)与四氢呋喃(300ml)混合,冷却至0-5℃。在0-5℃缓慢添加叔丁醇钠(17.5克),随后在10-15℃缓慢添加DM水(620ml)。在10-15℃下将反应物搅拌30分钟。反应完全后,添加二氯甲烷(300ml),进一步用二氯甲烷(120ml)萃取。在U/真空下将溶剂完全蒸发。将所沉淀的固体用己烷(150ml)结晶。过滤所分离的固体并用己烷洗涤。在50-55℃干燥所述物质以得到50克(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000102
唑烷基甲醇。
步骤(7):(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000103
唑烷基甲基甲磺酸酯
将二氯甲烷(250ml)中的(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000104
唑烷基甲醇(50克)和三乙胺(42.6克)在冰浴中冷却并用甲烷磺酰氯(38.2克)处理。在0-5℃下将混合物搅拌30分钟。过滤所沉淀的产品并用冷的DM水(250ml)洗涤。在50-55℃干燥所述物质以得到40克(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000105
唑烷基甲基甲磺酸酯。
步骤(8)(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000106
唑烷基甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺
将(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000107
唑烷基甲基甲磺酸酯(30克)、邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾(19.4克)和二甲基甲酰胺(180ml)的混合物在120℃的温度下加热2小时。将反应混合物冷却至0-5℃,缓慢添加360ml的DM水并过滤固体以得到27克(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000101
唑烷基甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺。
步骤(9):(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA0000369901580000108
唑烷基甲胺
添加甲醇(150ml)和水合肼(16.2克)至含有(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-唑烷基甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(25克)的烧瓶中,在回流温度下加热1小时,冷却至室温。在45℃、U/真空下将溶剂完全蒸馏。然后向反应物中添加水(125ml)并用二氯甲烷(62ml×2)萃取。将合并的萃取物用水(62m1)洗涤,将溶剂蒸馏以得到15克(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA00003699015800001010
唑烷基甲胺。
步骤(10):(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-唑烷基甲基乙酰胺
将(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA00003699015800001012
唑烷基甲胺(15克)溶解在乙酸乙酯(150ml)中;在环境温度下逐滴添加乙酸酐(15克)并搅拌1小时。然后将反应混合物冷却至0-5℃。过滤固体以得到12克(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure BDA00003699015800001013
唑烷基甲基乙酰胺。

Claims (18)

1.用于制备(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure FDA0000369901570000015
唑烷基甲醇的方法,
Figure FDA0000369901570000011
其包括:
a)使式IX化合物与R-表氯醇反应以产生式VIII化合物,其进一步转化为式VII的氯甲基
Figure FDA0000369901570000016
唑烷酮化合物
Figure FDA0000369901570000012
b)使式VII化合物与乙酸钠反应以产生式VI化合物
c)使步骤(b)的产物水解为式V的羟基甲基
Figure FDA0000369901570000017
唑烷酮化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中表氯醇的量为每当量式IX至少1.25摩尔当量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(a)中的反应使用溶剂并且在约70至80℃下进行。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述溶剂为叔丁醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中氯甲基
Figure FDA0000369901570000023
唑烷酮从有机溶剂中结晶。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述溶剂选自乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述溶剂为乙酸正丁酯。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在步骤(b)中使所述式VII的氯甲基
Figure FDA0000369901570000024
唑烷酮化合物转化为如权利要求1中所定义的式VI化合物的乙酰基衍生物,包括使所述氯甲基
Figure FDA0000369901570000025
唑烷酮与无水乙酸钠反应以得到式VI的乙酰基化合物。
Figure FDA0000369901570000021
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中乙酸钠的量为式VII化合物的至少2.0倍摩尔当量。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述反应溶剂选自非质子溶剂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述反应溶剂为DMF。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述反应在120℃的温度下进行。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在步骤(c)中使式VI的乙酰基唑烷酮化合物水解成如权利要求1中所定义的式V化合物的羟基衍生物,包括使所述乙酰基
Figure FDA0000369901570000027
唑烷酮与碱在溶剂或溶剂混合物的存在下反应以得到式V的羟基化合物。
Figure FDA0000369901570000022
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述碱为叔丁醇钠。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述反应溶剂混合物为THF和水。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中叔丁醇钠的量为式VI化合物的至少1倍摩尔当量。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述反应温度为约10至15℃。
18.下式利奈唑胺的制备方法
Figure FDA0000369901570000031
其包括:
(a)使3-氟-4-吗啉基苯胺与R-表氯醇反应以得到N-[3-氯-2-(R)-羟基丙基]-3-氟-4-吗啉基苯胺;
(b)使N-[3-氯-2-(R)-羟基丙基]-3-氟-4-吗啉基苯胺羰基化以产生(5R)-5-(氯甲基)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-
Figure FDA0000369901570000033
唑烷-2-酮;
(c)用乙酸钠对(5R)-5-(氯甲基)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-
Figure FDA0000369901570000032
唑烷-2-酮进行乙酰化以产生(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure FDA0000369901570000034
唑烷基甲基乙酸酯;
d)用叔丁醇钠对(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure FDA0000369901570000035
唑烷基甲基乙酸酯进行水解以提供(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure FDA0000369901570000036
唑烷基甲醇;
e)使(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure FDA0000369901570000037
唑烷基甲醇甲磺酰化以提供(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure FDA0000369901570000038
唑烷基甲基甲磺酸酯;
f)使(R)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure FDA0000369901570000039
唑烷基甲基甲磺酸酯与邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾反应以得到(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-唑烷基甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺;
g)用水合肼对(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-唑烷基甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺进行脱保护以提供(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure FDA00003699015700000312
唑烷基甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺甲胺;
h)用乙酸酐对(S)-3-(3-氟-4-吗啉代苯基)-2-氧代-5-
Figure FDA00003699015700000313
唑烷基甲胺进行乙酰化从而以高产率和高对映体纯度得到利奈唑胺。
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