CN103355476B - 一种混养草、鲫鱼保健配合饲料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种混养草、鲫鱼保健配合饲料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种混养草、鲫鱼保健配合饲料及其制备方法,包括以下重量百分比的原料:进口鱼粉1.5-3.5%;国产鱼粉1.5-3.5%,46.5棉粕7-9%,46豆粕17-19%,菜粕10-12%,膨化大豆3-5%,玉米胚芽饼9-11%,国产玉米酒精糟9-11%,油渣(饼)0-2%,肠膜蛋白粉1-3%,硬质小麦14-16%,细麦麸4-6%,全脂米糠4-6%,豆油1-3%,石粉0.3-0.5%,磷酸二氢钙1-3%,食盐0.0-0.2%,70%赖氨酸硫酸盐0.2-0.4%,98%蛋氨酸0.01-0.03%,盐酸甜菜碱0.0-0.2%,氯化胆碱0.0-0.3%,鱼多维0.1-0.3%,鱼多矿0.1-0.3%,鱼用微生态制剂0.0-0.2%。本发明能保持混养草、鲫鱼在中后期的快速生长,显著提高生长性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有来源于植物、动物或矿物原料的动物养殖饲料,特别涉及一种混养草、鲫保健配合饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着草鱼、鲫鱼养殖技术和管理水平等方面的不断提高完善,盐城市的混养鱼养殖越来越规模化、集约化,成为国内较具规模的混养鱼养殖基地之一,这代表着我国混养鱼养殖水平的提高,也为养殖户带来了丰厚的经济收益。
但由于饲料、塘租、水电、人工、种苗等养殖成本的不断攀升,以及为了追求更快的生长速度,更大的亩产收益,呈现出放养密度更高化,投喂饲料质量高端化,这容易造成混养鱼养殖前中期生长较快,中后期由于经常发生肝胆综合症而导致生长迟缓、死亡率升高、抗应激能力降低、起捕率降低、不耐长距离运输等一系列问题。除了不断学习更先进的养殖理念,调整放养模式,科学规范管理,还可从饲料本身来进行优化,通过添加微生态制剂提高饲料质量,增强鱼体抗病能力。
微生态制剂对鱼类机体的作用:1、抑制有害微生物生长、减少和预防疾病。当微生态制剂随饲料进入消化道后,在鱼类消化道内会产生有益菌群,与致病菌对营养物质和肠道细胞表面附着位点展开竞争,从而抑制致病菌群的生存、繁殖、定居以及附着。在机体内,有益菌群与宿主粘膜上皮紧密结合生成致密性菌膜,形成微生物屏障起保护作用;有益菌群附着于动物的消化道、呼吸道及皮肤上,在代谢过程中产生挥发性脂肪酸和乳酸,可降低生境中的pH值等,使环境有利于该菌群繁殖而形成优势菌群,产生过氧化氢,抑制病原菌的发生。2、改善机体代谢水平、补充机体营养成分、促进机体生长发育。将微生态制剂作为饲料添加剂饲喂后随食物进入机体消化道,在消化道内生长繁衍,由此产生的有益菌如枯草芽孢杆菌、纳豆芽孢杆菌、沼泽红假单胞菌、酵母菌等可产生蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、纤维素分解酶、果胶菌、植酸酶等,和胃肠道固有的酶一起共同促进饲料的消化吸收,能极大地提高饲料的利用率,营造动物生长发育所必需的良好的消化道内环境,减少肠道感染,促进消化吸收和动物生长发育;并合成维生素B族、维生素K、类胡萝卜素、氨基酸、生物活性物质辅酶Q以及某些未知因子而参与物质代谢,促进动物生长。乳酸杆菌、双岐杆菌产生乳酸,使肠道的pH值降低,促进维生素D、钙、磷、铁等矿物质微量元素的吸收。3、微生物制剂可以作为外源性抗原或辅剂起到一定的机体免疫作用。具体表现在:幼鱼出生后免疫器官还未完全成熟,使其提早接触良性微生物以促进免疫器官的发育成熟。乳酸杆菌以某种免疫调节因子刺激肠道某种局部型免疫反应,以提高机体抗体水平或巨噬细胞活性,增强其免疫力。
在满足草鱼、鲫鱼两种鱼快速生长所需要的营养需求时,适时地根据水温摄食等情况,以及混养鱼的不同生长阶段和预期何时干塘卖鱼等方面,推出混养鱼保健配合饲料,有效地对混养鱼的内脏器官进行较好的功能修复,同时保持较快地生长,从而降低或避免上述一系列的问题。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种混养鱼保健配合饲料及其制备方法,可以解决传统混养鱼配合饲料在养殖中后期易造成混养鱼养殖前中期生长较快,中后期由于经常发生肝胆综合症而导致生长迟缓、死亡率升高、抗应激能力降低、起捕率降低、不耐长距离运输等一系列问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种混养鱼保健配合饲料,该配合饲料由以下原料按重量百分比配比组成:进口鱼粉1.5-3.5%;国产鱼粉1.5-3.5%,46.5棉粕7-9%,46豆粕17-19%,菜粕10-12%,膨化大豆3-5%,玉米胚芽饼9-11%,国产玉米酒精糟9-11%,油渣(饼)0-2%,肠膜蛋白粉1-3%,硬质小麦14-16%,细麦麸4-6%,全脂米糠4-6%,豆油1-3%,石粉0.3-0.5%,磷酸二氢钙1-3%,食盐0.0-0.2%,70%赖氨酸硫酸盐0.2-0.4%,98%蛋氨酸0.01-0.03%,盐酸甜菜碱0.0-0.2%,氯化胆碱0.0-0.3%,鱼多维0.1-0.3%,鱼多矿0.1-0.3%,鱼用微生态制剂0.0-0.2%。
所述饲料中还可以优选包括以下重量份数比的原料:
所述鱼用微生态制剂主要含有芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌。
所述鱼用微生态制剂购自山东六和农牧科技有限公司。
根据上述混养鱼的营养需求采用上述优质的配合饲料,并按照上述的配方提取原料,对原料进行微粉碎使其95%经过40目标准筛,在95℃下进行制粒,糊化度达到95%。
为了更好的实现上述发明目的,本发明还提供了一种混养鱼保健配合饲料的制备方法,其制备步骤包括:
粉碎步骤:按重量份数比分别称取进口鱼粉、国产鱼粉、棉粕46.5、豆粕46、菜粕、膨化大豆、玉米胚芽饼、国产玉米酒精糟、油渣(饼)、硬质小麦、细麦麸、全脂米糠、石粉及磷酸二氢钙,分别投入粉碎机进行单独粉碎。
配料步骤:将粉碎好的上述原料按重量份数比混匀。
二次粉碎步骤:进口鱼粉、国产鱼粉、棉粕46.5、豆粕46、菜粕、膨化大豆、玉米胚芽饼、国产玉米酒精糟、油渣(饼)、硬质小麦、细麦麸、全脂米糠、70%赖氨酸硫酸盐,98%蛋氨酸,石粉及磷酸二氢钙再次共同粉碎。
混合步骤:向二次粉碎的原料中加入重量百分比的豆油、食盐,70%赖氨酸硫酸盐,98%蛋氨酸,盐酸甜菜碱,氯化胆碱,鱼多维,鱼多矿,鱼用微生态制剂,并混合均匀。
制粒步骤:为便于混养鱼摄食,用环模¢2.0对产品在95℃下进行制粒,糊化度达到95%。
破碎步骤:投入破碎机内进行破碎,破碎粒度为80目,即破碎后100%通过80目筛。
本发明具有以下优点和积极效果:本发明能够满足混养草、鲫鱼在养殖中后期继续快速生长的营养需求,同时有助于对混养鱼前期生长快速造成超负荷周转和代谢的受损功能器官进行改善和修复,从而有效保证混养鱼的后续快速生长。微生态制剂在消化道内产生的有益菌和胃肠道固有的酶一起共同促进饲料的消化吸收,能极大地提高饲料的利用率,营造动物生长发育所必需的良好的消化道内环境,减少肠道感染,促进消化吸收和动物生长发育,显著提高鱼体的生长性能。同时提高免疫力而增强抗病能力和抗应激能力,避免肝胆综合症的发生,降低死亡率,提高出塘率和鱼体质量,高价销售,从而获得更好的经济效益。
具体实施方式
对比实验:
在对照组(不含有鱼用微生态制剂)饲料基础上,分别添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%的鱼用微生态制剂,制成4种混合鱼保健配合饲料,日粮配方及营养水平见表1,研究不同比例的鱼用微生态制剂对混养鱼生产性能的影响,以确定最佳的替代量,获取最佳的生产成本。
表1日粮配方及营养水平
1、试验材料、地点及试验饲料
试验鱼用微生态制剂:购自山东六和农牧科技有限公司。
试验地点:江苏省盐城市1亩大小的12个鱼塘。
试验饲料:上述4种草、鲫鱼混养保健配合饲料
2、试验设计:
12个鱼塘同批放养两种每尾1.0斤的草鱼350尾、每尾0.1斤的鲫鱼800尾,每塘共215kg,每种料设3个鱼塘作为重复,养殖周期90天。
3、饲料管理
每天7:00,10:30,14:00,17:30投喂,每天13:30-15:30开增氧机,保持水的溶氧≥6.0mg/L ,PH:7.5-8.5,亚硝酸盐≤0.2mg/L,氨氮≤0.5mg/L。
4、统计分析
所有资料采用STATICTICA 6.0软件包进行方差分析及Duncan’S多重比较。结果以平均值士标准差表示。
5、试验结果
各试验组生长结果如下:
注:标准数据,同列肩注含有相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),肩注相异字母者表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
通过本试验结果发现,3个饲喂鱼用微生态制剂试验组的饲料系数显著低于对照组,成活率和相对增重率显著高于对照组,其中0.10%组的饲料系数和相对增重率显著高于其他3组,0.05%组和0.15%组在饵料系数和成活率上差异不显著,而0.15%组的相对增重率显著低于0.05%,这说明添加鱼用微生态制剂可以显著提高混养鱼的生长性能和饲料利用率,并且随着添加浓度的增加生长性能成明显的先增加后降低趋势,添加0.10%组效果最明显,过量添加促生长的效果变缓。由此可见在水产饲料中添加0.10%鱼用微生态制剂表现出最适宜的促生长效果。微生态制剂主要通过两个方面来发挥作用,一是改善鱼类的肠道菌群,促进营养物质的消化吸收,大大提高饲料的利用率。二是许多益生菌本身就含有大量的营养物质,如光合细菌富含蛋白质(粗蛋白含量65%左右),还含有多种维生素、钙、磷和多种微量元素和辅酶Q等,同时随着它们在消化道内繁殖和代谢,还可产生氨基酸、维生素等营养物质及生长素之类的生理活性物质,这些物质协同饲料共同加快鱼类的生长。
本发明的有益效果:能够满足养殖中后期混养草、鲫鱼对营养成分的需求,保持混养草、鲫鱼在中后期的快速生长,显著提高生长性能。同时可使鱼类肠道内菌群发生变化(即有害菌受到抑制,有益菌群增多),还可以刺激肠道起局部型免疫反应,提高机体抗体水平和吞噬细胞的活性,增强机体免疫功能,提高抗病力和抗应激能力,从而提高成活率,达到保健目的。也可有效防止肝胆综合症的发生,降低死亡率,提高出塘率和耐长距离运输,从而为养殖户带来较高的养殖收益。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种混养草、鲫鱼保健配合饲料,其特征在于该配合饲料由以下重量百分比的原料组成:进口鱼粉2.50%;国产鱼粉2.50%,46.5棉粕8.00%,46豆粕18.00%,菜粕11.60%,膨化大豆4.00%,玉米胚芽饼10.00%,国产玉米酒精糟10.00%,油渣1.00%,肠膜蛋白粉2.00%,硬质小麦15.00%,细麦麸5.20%,全脂米糠4.80%,豆油2.00%,石粉0.45%,磷酸二氢钙1.80%,食盐0.10%,70%赖氨酸硫酸盐0.28%,98%蛋氨酸0.02%,盐酸甜菜碱0.10%,氯化胆碱0.15%,鱼多维0.20%,鱼多矿0.20%,鱼用微生态制剂0.10%。
2.根据权利要求1 所述的混养草、鲫鱼保健配合饲料,其特征在于:所述鱼用微生态制剂主要含有芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌。
3.一种根据权利要求1所述的混养草、鲫鱼保健配合饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:按照配方提取原料,对原料进行微粉碎使其95%通过40目标准筛,在95℃下制粒,糊化度达到95%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:用环模¢2.0对产品制粒。
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