CN103349061A - 一种冰温结合自发气调贮藏保鲜果蔬的方法 - Google Patents
一种冰温结合自发气调贮藏保鲜果蔬的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103349061A CN103349061A CN2013102936702A CN201310293670A CN103349061A CN 103349061 A CN103349061 A CN 103349061A CN 2013102936702 A CN2013102936702 A CN 2013102936702A CN 201310293670 A CN201310293670 A CN 201310293670A CN 103349061 A CN103349061 A CN 103349061A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种冰温结合自发气调贮藏保鲜果蔬的方法，而提供一种提高果蔬的贮藏品质，延长果蔬保鲜期的方法。果蔬采收后紫外线处理，于采收后12小时内放入冷库进行两阶段低温驯化处理；其中，低温驯化第一阶段控制温度为5℃±0.5℃，处理24h；低温驯化第二阶段温度控制为0℃±0.5℃，处理24h；将驯化处理的果蔬装入保鲜袋中，扎紧袋口，放入冰温库中，在-0.7±0.5℃条件下贮藏；其中，保鲜袋的厚度为0.03-0.05mm。本发明的保鲜方法首先进行紫外线处理，再通过两段低温适应性驯化处理，再装入保鲜袋中冰温保鲜，通过上述几种技术及各个工艺参数的组合，可以使果蔬保持原有的感官品质及理化品质，贮藏保鲜期长。
Description
ー种冰温结合自发气调贮藏保鲜果蔬的方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及果蔬保鲜技术领域，特别是涉及ー种冰温结合自发气调贮藏保鲜果蔬的方法。
背景技术
[0002] 金柑为芸香科金柑属植物，其果实不仅色泽橙黄鲜亮、ロ感甜酸适中、具独特的芳香气味，而且还有开胃消食，止咳化痰等功效，具有较高的食用和药用价值。然而，采后金柑在常温贮运销过程中易发生腐烂变质，降低或失去营养及食用价值，限制了金柑产业的发展。
[0003] 现有的金柑保鲜方法主要包括挂树保鲜及使用各类化学保鲜剂保鲜。但前者在果实采摘后仍不能避免贮运销过程带来的腐烂损失，同时也会影响果树转年果实的产量及品质；应用化学保鲜剂则因金柑为果皮果肉同食水果，而存在易引起异味、污染或病菌抗药性等安全隐患。因此，研究应用安全有效的金柑的保鲜方法十分必要。
[0004] 樱桃、蓝莓等在保鲜方面也存在上述类似技术问题。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明的目的是针对现有技术中存在的技术缺陷，而提供一种提高果蔬的贮藏品质，延长果蔬保鲜期的冰温结合自发气调贮藏保鲜果蔬的方法。
[0006] 为实现本发明的目的所采用的技术方案是:
[0007] —种冰温结合自发气调贮藏保鲜果蔬方法，其特征在于，包括下述步骤:
[0008] (I)果蔬采收后经紫外线处理，之后于采收后12小时内放入冷库进行两阶段低温驯化处理；其中，低温驯化第一阶段控制温度为5°C ±0.5°C，处理24h ;低温驯化第ニ阶段温度控制为0°C ±0.5°C，处理24h ；
[0009] (2)将驯化处理的果蔬装入保鲜袋中，扎紧袋ロ，放入冰温库中，在-0.7±0.5°C条件下贮藏；其中，保鲜袋的厚度为0.03-0.05mm。
[0010] 果蔬采收后紫外线处理的方法如下:将果蔬置于20-30W的石英紫外杀菌灯下15-30cm处，照射20-30min，保持照射均匀，并保持照射强度为4_5Kj/m2，照射期间翻动果实。
[0011] 保鲜袋为PE保鲜袋，规格为35cm x 25_30cm，果蔬装入量为1000克/袋。
[0012] 将装有果蔬的保鲜袋放入塑料筐，并将塑料筐整齐码入冰温库。
[0013] 所述果蔬为金桔、樱桃或蓝莓。
[0014] 与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是:
[0015] 1、本发明的保鲜方法首先进行紫外线处理，再通过两段低温适应性驯化处理，再装入保鲜袋中冰温保鲜，通过上述几种技术及各个エ艺參数的组合，可以使果蔬保持原有的感官品质及理化品质，贮藏保鲜期长；金桔保鲜期达160-180天，好果率90.4%-93.6% ;樱桃保鲜期达70天，好果率91.4% ;蓝莓保鲜期达70天，好果率90.5% ;果实适于鲜食，该保鲜方法为绿色保鲜技术。
[0016] 2、本发明的保鲜方法先进行紫外线处理，具有三个方面的优点。一是能够抑制果蔬表面的微生物生长，降低果蔬贮藏期间的腐烂率；ニ是延缓果蔬功能物质的降解，并刺激果蔬组织抗氧化酶的合成及其活性增强，提高果蔬贮藏品质，抑制果蔬后熟作用，延长贮藏期；三是经处理的果蔬组织内无毒害物残留。
[0017] 3、本发明的保鲜方法通过两阶段低温适应性驯化处理，使果蔬对低温的耐受性增强，可以减轻或避免果蔬发生冷害。
[0018] 4、本发明的保鲜方法中，低温驯化第一阶段控制温度为5°C ±0.5°C，处理24h ;低温驯化第二阶段温度控制为0°c ±0.5°C，处理24h。该エ艺可以有效地防止果蔬贮藏期间薄膜包装袋内结露，也能够防止果蔬表面形成厚的冰膜，后者会在果蔬出库时造成营养成分流失，加速果蔬品质的恶变。
[0019] 5、本发明通过选择特定厚度PE袋与包装容量，使薄膜包装袋内形成适宜金桔等果蔬呼吸的气体环境，从而控制金桔等果蔬的呼吸強度，延长其货架期。
[0020] 6、本发明的贮藏保鲜方法将冰温贮藏与自发气调两种技术有机结合用于金桔等果蔬的保鲜。气调技术有效延缓了果蔬可溶性固形物含量的下降，有利于冰温贮藏。再通过冰温贮藏，最大限度地降低果蔬的新陈代谢并有效抑制有害微生物的生长，有效地保持了果蔬的感官及理化品质，延长了贮藏期限。
具体实施方式
[0021] 以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进ー步详细说明。
[0022] 实施例1
[0023] (I)采摘八成熟的金柑，将果实平铺于透气性良好的竹垫上，厚度约3-5cm，以便及时散去田间热；剔出有机械损伤、病虫害、腐烂和残次的果实；将金柑置于石英紫外杀菌灯下(30W)20cm处，照射25min(期间翻动果实2次)，保持照射均匀；照射强度为4Kj/m2。然后，及时(12h以内)将金柑果放入冷库进行低温适应性驯化处理，第一段低温驯化处理时，低温库温度控制在5°C ±0.5°C，处理24h;第二段低温驯化处理时，低温库温度为0°C ±0.5°C，处理24h。
[0024] (2)将经步骤(I)处理的金柑装入0.03mm厚的PE保鲜袋(35cm X 25cm)中，1000克/袋，随即扎紧保鲜袋ロ。将装有果实的保鲜袋放入塑料筐，并将塑料筐整齐码入冰温库的库架上，在-0.7±0.5°C条件下贮藏。贮藏金柑的保鲜期达160天，好果率达90.4%，金柑果饱满，色橙黄，具有金柑的独特风味；果实硬度3.0kg/cm2 ;可溶性固形物含量12.7%，总酸含量 0.44%, VC 含量 37.6mg/100g。
[0025] 实施例2
[0026] (I)采摘八成熟的金柑，将果实平铺于透气性良好的竹垫上，厚度约3-5cm，以便及时散去田间热；剔出有机械损伤、病虫害、腐烂和残次的果实；将金柑置于石英紫外杀菌灯下(30W)20cm处，照射25min(期间翻动果实2次)，保持照射均匀；照射强度为4Kj/m2 ;然后，及时(12h以内)将金柑果放入冷库进行低温适应性驯化处理，第一段低温驯化处理时，低温库温度控制在5°C ±0.5°C，处理24h;第二段低温驯化处理时，低温库温度为0°C ±0.5°C，处理24h。[0027] (2)将经步骤(I)处理的金柑装入0.04mm厚的PE保鲜袋(35cm x 25cm)中，1000克/袋，随即扎紧保鲜袋ロ ；将装有果实的保鲜袋放入塑料筐，并将塑料筐整齐码入冰温库的库架上，在-0.7±0.5°C条件下贮藏。贮藏金柑果实的保鲜期达180天，好果率达93.6%，金柑果饱满，色橙黄，具有金柑的独特风味；果实硬度3.lkg/cm2 ;可溶性固形物含量12.3%，总酸含量 0.49%，VC 含量 41.7mg/100g。
[0028] 实施例3
[0029] (I)采摘八成熟的金柑，将果实平铺于透气性良好的竹垫上，厚度约3-5cm，以便及时散去田间热；剔出有机械损伤、病虫害、腐烂和残次的果实；将金柑置于石英紫外杀菌灯下(30W)20cm处，照射25min(期间翻动果实2次)，保持照射均匀；照射强度为4Kj/m2 ;然后，及时(12h以内)将金柑果放入冷库进行低温适应性驯化处理，第一段低温驯化处理时，低温库温度控制在5°C ±0.5°C，处理24h;第二段低温驯化处理时，低温库温度为0°C ±0.5°C，处理24h。
[0030] (2)将经步骤(I)处理的金柑装入0.05mm厚的PE保鲜袋(35cm x 25cm)中，1000克/袋，随即扎紧保鲜袋ロ ；将装有果实的保鲜袋放入塑料筐，并将塑料筐整齐码入冰温库的库架上，在-0.7±0.5°C条件下贮藏。贮藏金柑果实的保鲜期达168天，好果率达91.7%，金柑果饱满，色橙黄，具有金柑的独特风味；果实硬度2.8kg/cm2 ;可溶性固形物含量11.2%，总酸含量 0.39%, VC 含量 35.5mg/100g。
[0031] 实施例4
[0032] (I)采摘七-八成熟的樱桃，将果实平铺于透气性良好的竹垫上，厚度约3-5cm，以便及时散去田间热；剔出有机械损伤、病虫害、腐烂和残次的果实；将樱桃置于石英紫外杀菌灯下(30W)20cm处，照射25min (期间翻动果实2次)，保持照射均匀；照射强度为4Kj/m2。然后，及时(12h以内)将樱桃放入冷库进行低温适应性驯化处理，第一段低温驯化处理时，低温库温度控制在5°C ±0.5°C，处理24h ;第二段低温驯化处理时，低温库温度为(TC ±0.5°C，处理 24h。
[0033] (2)将经步骤(I)处理的樱桃装入0.03mm厚的PE保鲜袋(35cm x 30cm)中，1000克/袋，随即扎紧保鲜袋ロ。将装有果实的保鲜袋放入塑料筐，并将塑料筐整齐码入冰温库的库架上，在-0.7±0.5°C条件下贮藏。贮藏樱桃的保鲜期达70天，好果率达91.4%，樱桃果实饱满，色泽鲜亮、呈紫红色，果梗绿色、紧实，具樱桃独特风味；果实硬度1.8kg/cm2 ;可溶性固形物含量14.3%，总酸含量0.66%，VC含量20.3mg/100g。
[0034] 实施例5
[0035] (I)采摘七-八成熟的蓝莓，将果实平铺于透气性良好的竹垫上，厚度约3_5cm，以便及时散去田间热；剔出有机械损伤、病虫害、腐烂和残次的果实；将蓝莓置于石英紫外杀菌灯下(30W)20cm处，照射25min (期间翻动果实2次)，保持照射均匀；照射强度为4Kj/m2。然后，及时(12h以内)将蓝莓放入冷库进行低温适应性驯化处理，第一段低温驯化处理时，低温库温度控制在5°C ±0.5°C，处理24h ;第二段低温驯化处理时，低温库温度为(TC ±0.5°C，处理 24h。
[0036] (2)将经步骤(I)处理的蓝莓装入0.03mm厚的PE保鲜袋(35cm X 30cm)中，1000克/袋，随即扎紧保鲜袋ロ。将装有果实的保鲜袋放入塑料筐，并将塑料筐整齐码入冰温库的库架上，在-0.7±0.5°C条件下贮藏。贮藏蓝莓的保鲜期达70天，好果率达90.5%，蓝莓果实饱满，色泽蓝紫，具有蓝莓的特征风味；果实硬度1.5kg/cm2 ;可溶性固形物含量11.8%，总酸含量 0.57%，VC 含量 11.5mg/100g。
[0037] 以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出的是，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种冰温结合自发气调贮藏保鲜果蔬方法，其特征在于，包括下述步骤: (1)果蔬采收后经紫外线处理，之后于采收后12小时内放入冷库进行两阶段低温驯化处理；其中，低温驯化第一阶段控制温度为5°C ±0.5°C，处理24h ;低温驯化第ニ阶段温度控制为(TC ±0.5°C，处理24h ； (2)将驯化处理的果蔬装入保鲜袋中，扎紧袋ロ，放入冰温库中，在-0.7±0.5°C条件下贮藏；其中，保鲜袋的厚度为0.03-0.05mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冰温结合自发气调贮藏保鲜果蔬的方法，其特征在于，果蔬采收后紫外线处理的方法如下:将果蔬置于20-30W的石英紫外杀菌灯下15-30cm处，照射20-30min，保持照射均匀，并保持照射强度为4-5Kj/m2，照射期间翻动果实。
3.根据权利要求1所述的冰温结合自发气调贮藏保鲜果蔬的方法，其特征在于，保鲜袋为PE保鲜袋，规格为35cm X 25-30cm,果蔬装入量为1000克/袋。
4.根据权利要求1所述的冰温结合自发气调贮藏保鲜果蔬的方法，其特征在于，将装有果蔬的保鲜袋放入塑料筐，并将塑料筐整齐码入冰温库。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的冰温结合自发气调贮藏保鲜果蔬的方法，其特征在于，所述果蔬为金桔、樱桃或蓝莓。
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| CN107811030A (zh) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-03-20 | 国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心（天津） | 一种蓝莓绿色精准防腐保鲜方法及其应用 |
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| CN107889878B (zh) * | 2017-12-11 | 2021-05-11 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | 一种苹果保脆防腐的绿色精准保鲜方法及其应用 |
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