CN103319220A - Method for preparing flue-cured tobacco float breeding matrix by using wheat straws and flue-cured tobacco float breeding nutrient solution - Google Patents
Method for preparing flue-cured tobacco float breeding matrix by using wheat straws and flue-cured tobacco float breeding nutrient solution Download PDFInfo
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- CN103319220A CN103319220A CN2013102550571A CN201310255057A CN103319220A CN 103319220 A CN103319220 A CN 103319220A CN 2013102550571 A CN2013102550571 A CN 2013102550571A CN 201310255057 A CN201310255057 A CN 201310255057A CN 103319220 A CN103319220 A CN 103319220A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a flue-cured tobacco float breeding matrix by using wheat straws and a flue-cured tobacco float breeding nutrient solution. The method comprises the following steps of: pre-treating the wheat straws, and performing mixed piling-up fermentation treatment on the pre-treated wheat straws and pig manure, or chicken manure, lime, soil and the like so as to prepare the flue-cured tobacco breeding matrix, wherein the raw materials replace non-renewable peat, so the effects of low cost, high quality and sources; the piling-up fermentation temperature is over 60 DEG C, and the piling-up fermentation can last for more than 15 days, so that pathogenic bacteria can be killed effectively, and the disease and pest spreading can be prevented; the obtained breeding matrix is loose and porous, beneficial to growth of root systems of tobacco seedlings and high in water and fertilizer keeping capacity; the nutrient solution matched with the flue-cured tobacco float breeding matrix is complete in nutrition, and reasonable in ratio, saves fertilizers, and reduces the cost; growth conditions and agricultural indexes of the tobacco seedlings bred by using the matrix and the nutrient solution disclosed by the invention are equal to those of tobacco seedlings bred by using a peat matrix.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation technique without soil field, particularly relate to a kind of method and nutritive medium that utilizes wheat stalk to prepare floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco.
Background technology
Flue-cured tobacco is one of important cash crop of China, extensively plants in southwests such as cloud, expensive, river, Chongqings.In cured tobacco production, cultivating strong sprout is one of important step of cured tobacco production, also is the important measures that improve yield of flue-cured tobacco and quality.At present, floating seedlings is the main mode of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating, accounts for 85% of cigarette seedling turnout.Peat is the major ingredient of levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance.But exploitation peat cost height, environmental pollution weigh, and the peat resource-constrained.In the process of making Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium, the substitute materials of seeking peat is the vital task that guarantees China's flue-cured tobacco Sustainable development.
The southwest mostly is the slope and ploughs, and the plot is little, and the gradient is steep, and wheat stalk is difficult to realize that mechanize turns over pressure; Simultaneously, succeeding crops such as the harvesting time of local wheat and flue-cured tobacco, Ipomoea batatas, corn sowing (transplanting) is overlapping, the straw nutrient content is low in addition, and the phenomenon of soil microorganisms and crop contention nutrient takes place the straw direct returning to farmland easily, influences succeeding crop and grows.At present, the on-site incineration wheat stalk is very general phenomenon of southwest, not only wastes great number of organic matters and nutrient resource, and causes serious atmospheric pollution.Therefore, in agriculture production, demand economy, easy, harmless treatment and recycling wheat stalk effectively urgently.
The main component of wheat stalk is Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose and xylogen, and a spot of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon etc.The wheat stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed can substitute peat, as Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium.But do the essential problem that solves microorganism and cigarette seedling contention nutrient of Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium with wheat stalk, still do not have the correlative study report at present.
In the floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco process, except seedling medium, also need nutritive medium that nutrient is provided.Flue-cured tobacco after planting generally needed just can emerge in 15-20 days, and early growth is extremely slow, and nutrition absorption is few; The just ramp of emerging about 40 days, nutrition absorption speed increases.At cigarette seedling different times, need the composition of nutrient and form also different.But the nutritive medium of floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco use does not at present consider that cigarette seedling different times to the different needs of nutrient, all uses the constant nutritive medium of composition and concentration fixed, can not satisfy the cigarette seedling to the physiological requirements of nutrient.Still the research report that does not have at present nutritive liquid for floating seedling growth of tobacco stage by stage.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing wheat stalk to prepare floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco.This method realizes high-temperature sterilization in treating processes, quick composting substitutes peat with the wheat stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and produces the matrix that is fit to flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating, realizes through the following steps successively:
(1) pulverizes wheat stalk to 3mm, in the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse, with wheat stalk (water content is less than 10%), water, pig manure or chicken manure (water content 50%～60%), lime, by mass ratio 100:60:25 ~ mix at 30: 1, cover with agricultural plastic film, banked up 30 days, and each turning in the 7th, 15,20,25 day that banks up 1 time, got the wheat stalk handled thing;
(2) will glue the topsoil gong of earth ~ light earth air-dry, cross 1.5 ~ 2mm sieve, add water-wet soil to 65%～70% of maxmun field capacity, namely firmly pinch agglomerating, lose the state that scatters on the ground, then by wetting soil: wheat stalk handled thing quality mixes than 1:2.2 ~ 2.8, be stacked in the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse, in each turning in the 15th, 30,45 day of banking up once, banking up namely got floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco in 60 days.
After step (2) was banked up 60 days, can prepare the admixing medical solutions of blue or green withered spirit and early frost spirit, by the thing of banking up: admixing medical solutions mass ratio 50:1 mixes, and gets floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco.
The compound method of blue or green withered spirit and early frost spirit admixing medical solutions is: convert 500 times of water dilutions with 20% blue or green withered spirit earlier, 500 times of water dilutions are converted in 25% early frost spirit, and 1:1 mixes by volume then.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nutritive liquid for floating seedling growth of tobacco, its component and content are as follows:
Nutritive medium A: add 0.2g ammonium nitrate and 0.13g potassium primary phosphate gained mixed solution by every 1L water;
Nutritive medium B: add 2.0g ammonium nitrate, 1.34g potassium primary phosphate, 0.14g vitriolate of tartar and 0.5mL trace element solution gained mixed solution by every 1L water;
Nutritive medium C: add 6.0g ammonium nitrate, 4.02g potassium primary phosphate, 0.42g vitriolate of tartar and 1.5mL trace element solution gained mixed solution by every 1L water;
Nutritive medium B and the described trace element solution of nutritive medium C are for adding 0.5g borax, 1g zinc sulfate, 1.5g ferrous sulfate and 0.25g copper sulfate gained mixed solution by every 1L water.
The using method of above-mentioned nutritive liquid for floating seedling growth of tobacco is: during sowing nutritive medium A is added in the nursery pond; After planting the 30th day, change nutritive medium B; After planting the 45th day, change nutritive medium C, until transplanting.The nutritive medium degree of depth is 6 ~ 8cm.
Advantage of the present invention is:
Pre-treatment wheat stalk of the present invention for the preparation of Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium, can replace non-renewable peat, and is good and cheap, economizes on resources; The leavening temperature of banking up surpasses 60 ℃, continues can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria more than 15 days the control disease spread; The gained seedling medium is not only loose porous, and useful cigarette shoot root is growth, and preserve moisture and fertility power is strong; The nutritive medium nutrient that matches is complete, and ratio is reasonable, saves fertilizer, reduces cost, and the cigarette seedling that cigarette seedling growing way and agronomy index and peat growing medium are cultivated is suitable.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
(1) pre-treatment wheat stalk
Pulverize wheat stalk (water content＜10%) to 3mm, collect pig manure (water content＜60%).In the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse, by wheat stalk: water: pig manure: lime quality mixes than 100:60:30:1, piles wide 1.5m, the long strip shape of high 1.5m covers with the agripast film, each turning in the 7th, 15,20,25 day that banks up 1 time, banked up 30 days, and got the wheat stalk handled thing.
(2) preparation seedling medium
The topsoil gong of middle earth is air-dry, mistake 1.5mm sieve, add water-wet soil to 65% of maxmun field capacity, namely firmly pinch agglomerating, lose the state that scatters on the ground, then by wetting soil: wheat stalk handled thing quality mixes than 1:2.8, be stacked at that (1.0 m are thick, and area is 40 m in the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse
2), in each turning in the 15th, 30,45 day of banking up once, banking up the 60th day, prepare the admixing medical solutions of blue or green withered spirit and early frost spirit, by the thing of banking up: admixing medical solutions mass ratio 50:1 mixes, and gets floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco.
The compound method of blue or green withered spirit and early frost spirit admixing medical solutions is: convert 500 times of water dilutions with 20% blue or green withered spirit earlier, 500 times of water dilutions are converted in 25% early frost spirit, and 1:1 mixes by volume then.
(3) nursery effect (component of nutritive medium, preparation and using method are as previously mentioned):
Sowing " the big gold dollar of safflower " flue-cured tobacco cultivars was emerged 55 days the time, and in mean value, stem is high 13.1 centimetres, 2.32 centimetres of stem girths, and 7.8 of the numbers of blade, total 35.4/strain of radical, the leaf look dark green, and stem stalk good toughness belongs to strong sprout.
Embodiment 2:
(1) pre-treatment wheat stalk
Pulverize wheat stalk (water content＜10%) to 3mm, collect chicken manure (water content＜60%).In the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse, by wheat stalk: water: chicken manure: lime quality mixes than 100:60:25:1, piles diameter 3.0m, high 1.8m's is coniform, covers with the agripast film, each turning in the 7th, 15,20,25 day that banks up 1 time, banked up 30 days, and got the wheat stalk handled thing.
(2) preparation seedling medium
The topsoil gong of light earth is air-dry, mistake 2mm sieve, add water-wet soil to 70% of maxmun field capacity, namely firmly pinch agglomerating, lose the state that scatters on the ground, then by wetting soil: wheat stalk handled thing quality mixes than 1:2.2, be stacked at that (1.2m is thick, and area is greater than 50 m in the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse
2), in each turning in the 15th, 30,45 day of banking up once, banking up the 60th day, prepare the admixing medical solutions of blue or green withered spirit and early frost spirit, by the thing of banking up: admixing medical solutions mass ratio 50:1 mixes, and gets floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco.
The compound method of blue or green withered spirit and early frost spirit admixing medical solutions is: convert 500 times of water dilutions with 20% blue or green withered spirit earlier, 500 times of water dilutions are converted in 25% early frost spirit, and 1:1 mixes by volume then.
(3) nursery effect (component of nutritive medium, preparation and using method are as previously mentioned):
Sowing " cloud and mist 97 " flue-cured tobacco cultivars was emerged 50 days the time, and in mean value, stem is high 13.6 centimetres, 2.42 centimetres of stem girths, and 8.3 of the numbers of blade, total 34.7/strain of radical, the leaf look dark green, and stem stalk good toughness belongs to strong sprout.
Claims (3)
1. method of utilizing wheat stalk to prepare floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco is characterized in that realizing through the following steps successively:
(1) pulverizes wheat stalk to 3mm, in the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse, with wheat stalk, water, pig manure or chicken manure, lime, by mass ratio 100:60:25 ~ mix at 30: 1, cover with agricultural plastic film, banked up 30 days, and each turning in the 7th, 15,20,25 day that banks up 1 time, got the wheat stalk handled thing;
(2) will glue the topsoil gong of earth ~ light earth air-dry, cross 1.5 ~ 2mm sieve, add water-wet soil to 65%～70% of maxmun field capacity, namely firmly pinch agglomerating, lose the state that scatters on the ground, then by wetting soil: wheat stalk handled thing quality mixes than 1:2.2 ~ 2.8, be stacked in the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse, in each turning in the 15th, 30,45 day of banking up once, banking up namely got floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco in 60 days.
2. a kind of method of utilizing wheat stalk to prepare floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, after step (2) was banked up 60 days, prepare the admixing medical solutions of blue or green withered spirit and early frost spirit, by the thing of banking up: admixing medical solutions mass ratio 50:1 mixes, and gets floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, and the compound method of blue or green withered spirit and early frost spirit admixing medical solutions is: convert water with 20% blue or green withered spirit earlier and dilute 500 times, 500 times of water dilutions are converted in 25% early frost spirit, and 1:1 mixes by volume then.
3. nutritive liquid for floating seedling growth of tobacco is characterized in that its component and content are as follows:
Nutritive medium A: add 0.2g ammonium nitrate and 0.13g potassium primary phosphate gained mixed solution by every 1L water;
Nutritive medium B: add 2.0g ammonium nitrate, 1.34g potassium primary phosphate, 0.14g vitriolate of tartar and 0.5mL trace element solution gained mixed solution by every 1L water;
Nutritive medium C: add 6.0g ammonium nitrate, 4.02g potassium primary phosphate, 0.42g vitriolate of tartar and 1.5mL trace element solution gained mixed solution by every 1L water;
Nutritive medium B and the described trace element solution of nutritive medium C are for adding 0.5g borax, 1g zinc sulfate, 1.5g ferrous sulfate and 0.25g copper sulfate gained mixed solution by every 1L water.
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| CN201310255057.1A CN103319220B (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2013-06-25 | Method for preparing flue-cured tobacco float breeding matrix by using wheat straws and flue-cured tobacco float breeding nutrient solution |
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| CN201310255057.1A CN103319220B (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2013-06-25 | Method for preparing flue-cured tobacco float breeding matrix by using wheat straws and flue-cured tobacco float breeding nutrient solution |
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| CN103319220B CN103319220B (en) | 2014-12-10 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103772017A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2014-05-07 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 | Formula of tobacco seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN103975753A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | Flue-cured tobacco float seedling cultivation substrate and manufacturing method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102010259A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2011-04-13 | 前郭县百禾农业开发有限公司 | Straw matrix and production method thereof |
| CN102126877A (en) * | 2010-12-04 | 2011-07-20 | 徐贵阁 | Green biological seedling raising matrix |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102010259A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2011-04-13 | 前郭县百禾农业开发有限公司 | Straw matrix and production method thereof |
| CN102126877A (en) * | 2010-12-04 | 2011-07-20 | 徐贵阁 | Green biological seedling raising matrix |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103772017A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2014-05-07 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 | Formula of tobacco seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN103772017B (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2016-02-24 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 | Formula of a kind of tobacco seedling medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN103975753A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | Flue-cured tobacco float seedling cultivation substrate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103975753B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-02-10 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | Floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco and preparation method thereof |
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Granted publication date: 20141210 Termination date: 20170625 |