CN103285910B - 一种碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基催化剂 - Google Patents

一种碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基催化剂 Download PDF

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CN103285910B
CN103285910B CN201210051645.9A CN201210051645A CN103285910B CN 103285910 B CN103285910 B CN 103285910B CN 201210051645 A CN201210051645 A CN 201210051645A CN 103285910 B CN103285910 B CN 103285910B
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zeolite
ethylbenzene
dipping
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史君
程光剑
朱志荣
娄阳
李勇
黄集钺
贺俊海
琼伟格
石鸣彦
田振英
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基催化剂,催化剂以重量份计包括:SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比为20~140的氢型沸石40~90份,选自钼、钴、镍、铂中的一种或多种氧化物0.01~10份,γ-Al2O3粘接剂10~60份;氢型沸石经过氢甲基活性硅油浸渍的热处理硅沉积,使二氧化硅的负载量以重量计为3~20%;氢甲基活性硅油为含重均分子量1500~2000,以20%重量的石油醚或正己烷溶液形式用于浸渍,在150℃干燥1小时并在510℃焙烧2小时;本催化剂应用于二甲苯异构化的乙苯脱烷基,能高转化率的脱除乙苯生成苯,极大抑制烷基转移等副反应,避免二甲苯的损失,提高了反应的选择性。

Description

一种碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基催化剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基催化剂,尤其涉及一种制备对二甲苯过程中碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基催化剂。
背景技术
C8芳烃是石脑油重整、裂解的产物,包括间二甲苯,邻二甲苯和乙苯,乙苯含量可占到10%-30%。重整油的主要成分是一组通常称为苯,甲苯,二甲苯芳香烃(苯,甲苯,二甲苯也简称BTX),并含有乙苯。在BTX中,最重要的成分是苯和二甲苯,二甲苯包括对二甲苯,间二甲苯,邻二甲苯。由于对二甲苯是生产聚酯,树脂,医药品,清洁剂等的重要原料,需求量大,是石化产业中重要的产品之一。一般的生产商会将苯、甲苯和二甲苯从重整油中分离出来,剩余下C8芳烃。然后将C8芳烃进入二甲苯异构化工艺,使间二甲苯,邻二甲苯通过催化反应转化为热力学平衡的二甲苯混合物,以形成对二甲苯的产物。二甲苯异构化工艺在二甲苯异构化工艺尽可能多生产出对二甲苯的同时,为了防止乙苯的在生产工艺中积累,需要将乙苯转化为二甲苯或苯。现有的双功能催化剂采用沸石添加金属的方法直接将乙苯转化为二甲苯,同时得到热力学平衡的二甲苯混合物,较好的适应了工业化的要求,但乙苯的转化率由于受到热力学平衡的限制最高只能达到30%左右,增加了后续的吸附分离和异构化工艺的负荷;而乙苯脱烷基工艺可以在二甲苯异构化之前,将乙苯转化为苯,具有很高的乙苯转化率,由于苯和二甲苯的沸点相差较大,可直接用分馏的方法实现分离。故乙苯脱烷基工艺能适应芳烃装置大型化,节能降耗的要求。
欧洲专利EP2027917A1用经过六氟硅酸铵(AHS)表面改性后Si/Al=25~150的HZSM-5沸石,使用氧化硅等作为粘结剂挤压成型制成载体,浸渍负载0.001~0.1%Pt,0.01~0.5%Sn后经干燥、焙烧制成催化剂,催化转化重整油可将乙苯裂解转化为苯。反应条件为:温度360℃~410℃,空速4.6h-1,氢油比2.5,总压1.3MPa;在乙苯转化率为75%的情况下取得了大于90%的脱烷基选择性,二甲苯的损失率在5%以内。
欧洲专利EP2022564A1同样用经过六氟硅酸铵(AHS)表面改性后的Si/Al=25~150的HZSM-5沸石,使用氧化硅,氧化锆,氧化钛等作为粘结剂,积压成型经焙烧后,同时浸渍负载0.001~0.1%Pt,0.001~0.1%Ni或Cu或Ag,优选Ag,经干燥、焙烧制成催化剂,可催化转化重整油或裂解油中乙苯脱烷基。反应条件为:温度360℃~410℃,空速3~6h-1,氢油比2~5,总压0.6~1.2MPa;结果表明,与单独附载0.02%Pt相比,在同时负载0.02%Pt,0.01%Ag的情况下,催化剂较好的抑制了烷基转移反应活性,在保持了相当脱烷基选择性的同时,对反应后生成苯的纯度有所提升。
以上文献都较好的提升了乙苯脱烷基的选择性和苯的纯度,但是都只是在较低的小于75%转化率条件下,且在小于6h-1较低空速的条件下取得的效果,且存在二甲苯总收率低的问题。并不能满足实际生产的需求,限制了其工业化应用。
中国专利200410067617.1采用对沸石进行的表面改性的方法,即使用有机硅主要是苯基甲基聚硅氧烷和二甲基硅油对沸石表面进行浸渍改性,取得了较好的催化甲苯择形歧化产对二甲苯的效果,结果表明采用有机硅改性的方法对于调节沸石的开孔尺寸和钝化表面酸性,以及由此而取得的沸石选择性的提高,具有良好的选择性生成对二甲苯的择形催化反应效果。
虽然上述中国专利200410067617.1采用对沸石进行的表面改性的方法获得催化剂用于甲苯择形歧化产对二甲苯具有较好的择形催化效果,但该催化剂是针对甲苯择形歧化合成对二甲苯的催化反应;另一方面,该催化剂属于单纯的酸性活性催化剂,而没有加氢助催化活性。如该催化剂用于碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基反应中,催化剂将很快在短时间内发生结碳而失活,导致催化剂无法使用;且如催化剂用在乙苯脱烷基反应中,其芳烃歧化等副反应严重,选择性差。故该催化剂不能用于碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基反应的催化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基催化剂,该催化剂能明显提高C8芳烃中乙苯的去除率,同时能极大地抑制烷基转移,歧化等副反应的发生。将该催化剂用于混合二甲苯和乙苯的C8芳烃为原料,进行脱烷基反应生成苯的反应工艺中,具有乙苯转化率高,反应空速高,苯的选择性高,副反应少,催化剂稳定性好等特点。
本发明所述的一种碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基催化剂,以重量份计包括:8iO2/Al2O3摩尔比为20~140的氢型沸石40~90份,选自钼、钴、镍和铂中的一种或多种氧化物0.01~10份,γ-Al2O3粘接剂10~60份;其中所述的氢型沸石经过氢甲基活性硅油浸渍的热处理硅沉积,使二氧化硅的负载量以重量计为3%~20%。
上述的碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基催化剂其特征在于氢型沸石选自Y型沸石、丝光沸石和ZSM-5沸石中的一种或多种;优选氢型沸石为ZSM-5沸石;且优选氢型沸石的SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比为30~50。
同时上述的碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基催化剂其特征在于聚硅氧烷更好的选用重均分子量1500~2000的氢甲基活性硅油,并以20%(重量计)的石油醚或正己烷溶液形式用于浸渍,在150℃干燥1小时并在510℃焙烧2小时。且氢型沸石经过氢甲基活性硅油浸渍的热处理硅沉积,优选的二氧化硅负载量以重量计为4%~6%。
且上述的碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基催化剂其特征还在于催化剂中优选含2~7份重量份的钼氧化物、0.01~0.5份重量份的铂氧化物和1~5份重量份的钴氧化物;进一步优选催化剂中含0.5~5重量份的钼氧化物。
本发明的催化剂能用下述制备方法得到:
(a)将SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比为20~140的氢型沸石40~90重量份与10~60重量份γ-Al2O3混合挤压成型后,在120℃下干燥3小时后,在400~600℃下焙烧4小时;
(b)将步骤(a)得到的组合物浸渍于聚硅氧烷的正己烷溶液中,经150℃干燥1小时后,在510℃下焙烧2小时;
(c)将步骤(b)得到的组合物浸渍于选自钼、镍、铂和钴中的一种或多种盐水溶液中,经过滤后在120℃下干燥3小时,然后在450~600℃下焙烧4小时后,使其得到的本发明的催化剂含钼、镍、铂和钴中的一种或多种(是以氧化物重量计)0.01~10重量份。
本发明得到的催化剂使用固定床反应器进行催化反应性能考察。反应器内径20毫米,长度600mm,不锈钢材质。采用电加热,温度自动控制。反应器底部填充一段直径为5mm的玻璃珠作为支撑,反应器内填充催化剂7g,上部填充5mm的玻璃珠起到预热和汽化原料的作用。原料中的混合二甲苯(含间二甲苯和邻二甲苯)和乙苯与氢气混合,自上而下通过催化剂床层,发生脱烷基反应,和脱除烷基的加氢反应,生成苯和乙烷,还有极少量的烷基转移产物主要是甲基乙基苯,三甲基苯,丙基苯等。反应条件采用:温度350~420℃;压力1.3MPa~2.0MPa;氢/烃比2.0;空速1~12h-1
原料使用化学纯试剂,以质量分数计按乙苯12%,间二甲苯62%,邻二甲苯26%的比例配置制得,实验数据采用以下公式计算。
本发明得到的催化剂,在催化剂中采用了本身具有择形功能的Y型沸石,丝光沸石,ZSM-5沸石中的一种或多种作为活性组分,同时使用了表面改性的方法,进一步提高了沸石载体的选择性,并钝化了其不具有择形功能的表面酸性,而且并没有影响其内部孔道的酸性和分布;同时添加了选自钼,镍,铂,钴中的至少一种金属作为催化活性助剂。上述特征使得该催化剂用于二甲苯异构化工艺中烷基去除工艺部分时,在原料中乙苯的浓度较高,较高空速的操作要求条件下,能满足脱烷基的高转化率和高选择性,并保持较低的二甲苯的损失率和良好的稳定性,取得了较好的技术效果。
具体实施方式
【实施例1】
采用SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比为25的氢型ZSM-5沸石48克与12克γ-Al2O3混合,再加入田箐粉1.8克混合均匀,然后加入3%的稀硝酸作为粘合剂充分捏合均匀,进行挤条成型,120℃干燥后,540℃焙烧制成催化剂I。
【实施例2】
采用例1所述方法制得成型后的ZSM-5沸石,对制得的沸石进行预抽真空,然后用配置好的含20%硅油的正己烷溶液进行等体积1∶1的浸渍,浸渍后静置,至溶剂挥发彻底,干燥后在510℃下焙烧制成催化剂II。
【实施例3】
采用例1所述方法制得成型后的ZSM-5沸石,用制得的沸石在1.0wt%浓度的钼酸铵水溶液中进行等体积1∶1的浸渍,浸渍后,滤去剩余的浸渍液。在120℃下干燥3小时,然后在540℃下焙烧4小时,采用程序升温,升温速率3℃/min,记为催化剂III。
【实施例4】
采用例2所述方法制得经过表面改性后的ZSM-5沸石,用制得的沸石8.0%浓度的钼酸铵水溶液中进行等体积1∶1的浸渍后,滤去剩余的浸渍液。在120℃下干燥3小时,采用程序升温,升温速率3℃/min,然后在540℃下焙烧4小时,记为催化剂IV。
【实施例5】
采用例2所述方法制得经过表面改性后的ZSM-5沸石,用制得的沸石在1.0wt%的氯铂酸水溶液中进行等体积1∶1的浸渍,浸渍后,滤去剩余的浸渍液。在120℃下干燥3小时,采用程序升温,升温速率3℃/min,然后在540℃下焙烧4小时,记为催化剂V。
【实施例6】
采用例2所述方法用丝光沸石MOR代替ZSM-5,制得经过表面改性后的MOR沸石,用制得的沸石在6.0wt%的硝酸镍水溶液中进行等体积1∶1的浸渍,浸渍后,滤去剩余的浸渍液。在120℃下干燥3小时,采用程序升温,升温速率3℃/min,然后在540℃下焙烧4小时,记为催化剂VI。
【实施例7】
采用例2所述方法用Y沸石代替ZSM-5,制得经过表面改性后的Y沸石,用制得的沸石在2.1%浓度的硝酸钴水溶液中进行等体积1∶1的浸渍,浸渍后,滤去剩余的浸渍液。在120℃下干燥3小时,采用程序升温,升温速率3℃/min,然后在540℃下焙烧4小时,记为催化剂VII。
【实施例8】
采用例2所述方法用Y和ZSM-5混合沸石代替ZSM-5,制得经过表面改性后的Y/ZSM-5沸石,用制得的沸石在5.0%浓度的硝酸钼水溶液中进行等体积1∶1的浸渍后,滤去剩余的浸渍液。在120℃下干燥3小时,采用程序升温,升温速率3℃/min,然后在540℃下焙烧4小时,记为催化剂VIII。
【实施例9】
采用例2所述方法制得经过表面改性后的ZSM-5沸石,用制得的沸石7.8%浓度的钼酸铵水溶液中进行等体积1∶1的浸渍,滤去剩余的浸渍液。在120℃下干燥3小时,采用程序升温,升温速率3℃/min,然后在540℃下焙烧4小时;再在3.0%浓度的硝酸镍水溶液中,采用相同的浸渍操作程序,再进行NiO的浸渍,获得催化剂记为IX。
【实施例10】
用催化剂III和催化剂IV在固定床反应器上考察其脱烷基活性和选择性,以及副反应主要是烷基转移和歧化反应的程度(用二甲苯的损失率来表示)。反应条件采用:温度420℃;压力1.8MPa;氢/烃比2.0;空速10h-1;评价结果如表1所示。
可以看出经表面改性后的ZSM-5沸石与未经表面改性的催化剂相比,由于调节了开孔尺寸,覆盖了外表面的酸性位,几乎完全阻隔了二甲苯与活性中心的接触,为乙苯的高选择性,和抑制烷基转移反应活性提供了条件,该改性后的催化剂具有乙苯脱烷基高选择性,二甲苯的损失率低的特点。同时负载钼氧化物起到助催化剂作用,进一步提高了催化剂的乙苯的反应转化率、脱烷基生成苯的选择性,并降低了二甲苯的损失率。
【实施例11】
在固定床反应器上,在相似反应条件下即:温度416℃;压力1.8MPa;氢/烃比2.5;空速8h-1,考察催化剂V,VI,VII,VIII,IX的反应活性,评价结果如表2所示。
由表可知,在一定的反应条件范围内,该四种催化剂都表现出较好的脱烷基活性和高选择性,活性和选择性均达到90%以上,且保持了较低的小于3%二甲苯损率,是一种较优的脱烷基催化剂。
以上评价结果表明,本发明选自Y型沸石,MOR丝光沸石,ZSM-5沸石中的至少一种沸石,经过公开报道的表面硅改性处理,添加了选自钼,镍,铂,钴中的至少一种金属氧化物后制得的催化剂,在以混合碳八芳烃作为原料进行脱烷基催化反应时,能高转化率的脱除乙苯生成苯,同时能极大抑制烷基转移等副反应,并避免二甲苯的损失,提高了反应的选择性。可作为二甲苯异构化工艺的前处理工艺,能降低异构化单元之后的分离单元的操作难度和能耗。

Claims (1)

1.一种碳八芳烃中乙苯脱烷基催化剂,其特征在于:
采用SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比为25的氢型ZSM-5沸石48克与12克γ-Al2O3混合,再加入田箐粉1.8克混合均匀,然后加入3%的稀硝酸作为粘合剂充分捏合均匀,进行挤条成型,120℃干燥后,540℃焙烧;
对制得成型后的ZSM-5沸石预抽真空,然后用配制好的含20%硅油的正己烷溶液进行等体积1:1的浸渍,浸渍后静置,至溶剂挥发彻底,干燥后在510℃下焙烧,得到经过表面改性后的ZSM-5沸石;
将经过表面改性后的ZSM-5沸石,用制得的沸石在7.8%浓度的钼酸铵水溶液中进行等体积1:1的浸渍,滤去剩余的浸渍液;在120℃下干燥3小时,采用程序升温,升温速率3℃/min,然后在540℃下焙烧4小时;再在3.0%浓度的硝酸镍水溶液中,采用相同的浸渍操作程序,再进行NiO的浸渍,获得催化剂。
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