CN103260987A - 混合动力车辆的控制装置 - Google Patents
混合动力车辆的控制装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103260987A CN103260987A CN2011800609476A CN201180060947A CN103260987A CN 103260987 A CN103260987 A CN 103260987A CN 2011800609476 A CN2011800609476 A CN 2011800609476A CN 201180060947 A CN201180060947 A CN 201180060947A CN 103260987 A CN103260987 A CN 103260987A
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- clutch
- torque
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- driving
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
- F16D2500/70—Details about the implementation of the control system
- F16D2500/704—Output parameters from the control unit; Target parameters to be controlled
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Abstract
本发明提供一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,其可实现稳定的输入转矩控制及离合器的转矩容量控制。在对驱动源进行转速控制且对起步离合器进行滑动控制而行驶的滑动行驶模式和对驱动源进行转矩控制且将起步离合器完全联接而行驶的联接行驶模式之间进行模式过渡时,将基于加速器开度而设定的目标驱动转矩减去与上述驱动源侧的转动惯量成分相关的转矩所得的值作为滑动状态下的起步离合器传递转矩容量而设定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及以发动机及/或电动机为驱动源的混合动力车辆的控制装置。
背景技术
作为混合动力车辆的控制装置,公开有专利文献1记载的技术。在该公报中,在使电动机和驱动轮之间的离合器滑动而行驶的滑动行驶模式中,基于驾驶员的请求来确定电动机转矩,另一方面,将离合器的传递转矩设定为离合器的输入侧转速(即,电动机转速)成为大致一定的传递转矩容量。
专利文献1:(日本)特开2001-263383号公报
但是,在上述专利文献记载的技术中,仅着眼于离合器的完全联接时的转速,未考虑各旋转元件的转动惯量,因此,存在不能充分避免联接冲击之类的问题。
发明内容
本发明是着眼于上述问题而创立的,其目的在于,提供一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,其可实现稳定的输入转矩控制及离合器的转矩容量控制。
为了实现上述目的,在本发明中,在对驱动源进行转速控制且对起步离合器进行滑动控制而行驶的滑动行驶模式与对驱动源进行转矩控制且将起步离合器完全联接而行驶的联接行驶模式之间进行模式过渡时,将基于加速器开度而设定的目标驱动转矩减去与所述驱动源侧的转动惯量成分相关的转矩所得的值作为滑动状态下的起步离合器传递转矩容量而设定。
即,在起步离合器为滑动状态和联接状态时,驱动转矩传递系统的转动惯量成分会发生变化,因此,即使将起步离合器传递转矩容量设为一定,向驱动轮侧输出的转矩有时也会变动。于是,将起步离合器传递转矩容量设定为即使在联接的前后转动惯量发生变化而向驱动轮侧输出的转矩也不变动的起步离合器传递转矩容量,由此,能够避免驱动力级差而实现稳定的行驶状态。
附图说明
图1是表示实施例1的后轮驱动的混合动力车辆的整体系统图;
图2是表示实施例1的综合控制器的运算处理程序的控制框图;
图3是表示由图2的目标驱动力运算部在目标驱动力运算时所使用的目标驱动力曲线图的一个例子的图;
图4是表示由图2的目标充放电运算部在目标充放电电力的运算时所使用的目标充放电量曲线图的一个例子的图;
图5是表示由图2的模式选择部在目标模式的选择时所使用的通常模式曲线图的图;
图6是实施例1的模式过渡时进行目标第二离合器传递转矩容量运算处理的控制框图;
图7是在实施例1的混合动力车辆中表示从车辆停止状态开始的起步状态的时间图;
图8是在实施例1的混合动力车辆中表示从爬行(creep)行驶状态开始的起步状态的时间图;
符号说明
E 发动机
CL1 第一离合器
MG 电动发电机
CL2 第二离合器
AT 自动变速器
1 发动机控制器
2 电动机控制器
3 逆变器
4 蓄电池
5 第一离合器控制器
6 第一离合器油压单元
7 AT控制器
8 第二离合器油压单元
9 制动器控制器
10 综合控制器
24 制动器油压传感器
100 目标驱动力运算部
200 模式选择部
300 目标充放电运算部
400 动作点指令部
900 制动器单元
具体实施方式
下面,基于附图对本发明的实施例进行说明。
实施例1
首先,对混合动力车辆的驱动系统构成进行说明。图1是表示实施例1的后轮驱动的混合动力车辆的整体系统图。如图1所示,实施例1的混合动力车辆的驱动系统具有:发动机E、第一离合器CL1(发动机离合器)、电动发电机MG、第二离合器CL2(起步离合器)、自动变速器AT、传动轴PS、差速器DF、左驱动轴DSL、右驱动轴DSR、左后轮RL(驱动轮)、右后轮RR(驱动轮)。另外,FL为左前轮,FR为右前轮。
发动机E是例如汽油发动机,基于来自后述的发动机控制器1的控制指令控制节气门阀的阀开度等。另外,在发动机输出轴上设有飞轮FW。
第一离合器CL1是作为发动机离合器而介装于发动机E和电动发电机MG之间的离合器,基于来自后述的第一离合器控制器5的控制指令,通过由第一离合器油压单元6生成的控制油压控制包含滑动联接在内的联接、释放。
电动发电机MG是在转子内埋设有永久磁铁且在定子上卷绕有定子线圈的同步型电动发电机,基于来自后述的电动机控制器2的控制指令,通过附加由逆变器3生成的三相交流进行控制。该电动发电机MG也可作为接受来自蓄电池4的电力供给进行旋转驱动的电动机来动作(以下,将该状态称为“动力运行”),在转子通过外力而旋转的情况下,也可作为在定子线圈的两端产生电动势的发电机发挥功能,对蓄电池4进行充电(以下,将该动作状态称为“再生”)。另外,该电动发电机MG的转子经由未图示的减振器与自动变速器AT的输入轴连结。
第二离合器CL2是作为起步离合器而介装于电动发电机MG和左右后轮RL、RR之间的离合器,基于来自后述的AT控制器7的控制指令,通过由第二离合器油压单元8生成的控制油压控制包含滑动联接在内的联接、释放。
自动变速器AT是根据车速或加速器开度等自动地切换前进5速后退1速等有级变速比的变速器,第二离合器CL2不是作为专用离合器而新追加的离合器,而是利用在自动变速器AT的各变速级进行联接的多个摩擦联接元件中的几个摩擦联接元件。另外,也可以将另外的专用离合器追加在自动变速器AT的上游或下游。
而且,自动变速器AT的输出轴经由作为车辆驱动轴的传动轴PS、差速器DF、左驱动轴DSL、右驱动轴DSR与左右后轮RL、RR连结。另外,上述第一离合器CL1和第二离合器CL2例如使用可由比例电磁阀对油流量及油压进行连续控制的湿式多板离合器。
在该混合动力驱动系统中,根据第一离合器CL1及第二离合器CL2的联接、释放状态,具有三个行驶模式。第一行驶模式是在第一离合器CL1的释放状态下,仅以电动发电机MG的动力为动力源而行驶的使用电动机行驶模式的电动汽车行驶模式(以下,简称为“EV行驶模式”)。在该行驶模式中,对电动发电机MG进行转矩控制而行驶。第二行驶模式是在第一离合器CL1的联接状态下,动力源包含发动机E同时进行行驶的使用发动机行驶模式(以下,简称为“HEV行驶模式”)。即使在该行驶模式中,也对发动机E及电动发电机MG一同进行转矩控制而行驶。第三行驶模式是在第一离合器CL1的联接状态下对第二离合器CL2进行滑动控制,且动力源包含发动机E同时进行行驶的使用发动机滑动行驶模式(以下,简称为“WSC行驶模式”)。该模式是特别在蓄电池SOC低时或发动机水温低时可实现爬行行驶的模式,以规定的转速驱动发动机E,同时,对电动发电机MG进行转速控制,以成为所期望的滑动率的方式对第二离合器CL2进行控制。另外,在从EV行驶模式向HEV行驶模式过渡时,将第一离合器CL1联接,利用电动发电机MG的转矩进行发动机起动。
另外,在路面坡度为规定值以上的上坡等且驾驶员进行调节加速器踏板维持车辆停止状态的加速器防倒滑那样的情况下,在WSC行驶模式下,第二离合器CL2的滑动量过多的状态有可能持续。这是因为不能使发动机E的转速小于怠速转速。于是,在实施例1中,还具备电动机滑动行驶模式(以下,简称为“MWSC行驶模式”),上述电动机滑动行驶模式为在使发动机E工作的状态下,将第一离合器CL1释放,通过转速控制使电动发电机MG1工作,同时,对第二离合器CL2进行滑动控制,以电动发电机MG为动力源而行驶的模式。
在上述“HEV行驶模式”中具有“发动机行驶模式”、“电动机辅助行驶模式”、“行驶发电模式”这三个行驶模式。
“发动机行驶模式”仅以发动机E为动力源,使驱动轮转动。“电动机辅助行驶模式”以发动机E和电动发电机MG这两者为动力源,使驱动轮转动。“行驶发电模式”以发动机E为动力源,使驱动轮RR、RL转动,同时使电动发电机MG作为发电机发挥功能。
在匀速运转时或加速运转时,利用发动机E的动力使电动发电机MG作为发电机而动作。另外,在减速运转时,再生制动能量由电动发电机MG发电,为蓄电池4的充电而使用。另外,作为进一步的模式具有在车辆停止时,利用发动机E的动力,使电动发电机MG作为发电机而动作的发电模式。
对混合动力车辆的制动系统的构成进行说明。在四个车轮RL、RR、FL、FR上分别设有制动盘901、油压式的制动器致动器902,另外,对应于四轮,制动器单元900通过向各制动致动器902供给油压,产生制动力。
接着,对混合动力车辆的控制系统进行说明。如图1所示,实施例1的混合动力车辆的控制系统的构成具有:发动机控制器1、电动机控制器2、逆变器3、蓄电池4、第一离合器控制器5、第一离合器油压单元6、AT控制器7、第二离合器油压单元8、制动器控制器9、综合控制器10。另外,发动机控制器1、电动机控制器2、第一离合器控制器5、AT控制器7、制动器控制器9、综合控制器10经由可进行相互信息交换的CAN通信线11连接。
发动机控制器1输入有来自发动机转速传感器12的发动机转速信息,根据来自综合控制器10的目标发动机转矩指令等,将控制发动机动作点(Ne:发动机转速,Te:发动机转矩)的指令向例如节气门阀致动器E1输出。
在此,发动机控制器1并不限于向节气门阀致动器E1输出指令,也可以对例如进气侧或排气侧的可变更气门正时的可变气门正时致动器、可变更阀的升程量的阀升程量可变致动器、燃料喷射使用的喷射器、火花塞点火正时变更致动器等输出指令。另外,发动机转速Ne等信息经由CAN通信线11供给到综合控制器10。
电动机控制器2输入有来自检测电动发电机MG的转子旋转位置的分析仪13的信息,根据来自综合控制器10的目标电动发电机转矩指令等将控制电动发电机MG的电动机动作点(Nm:电动发电机转速,Tm:电动发电机转矩)的指令输出到逆变器3。另外,在该电动机控制器2中,对表示蓄电池4的充电状态的蓄电池SOC进行监视,蓄电池SOC信息用于电动发电机MG的控制信息,并且经由CAN通信线11供给到综合控制器10。
第一离合器控制器5输入有来自第一离合器油压传感器14和第一离合器行程传感器15的传感器信息,根据来自综合控制器10的第一离合器控制指令将控制第一离合器CL1的联接、释放的指令输出到第一离合器油压单元6。另外,第一离合器行程C1S的信息经由CAN通信线11供给到综合控制器10。
AT控制器7输入有来自加速器开度传感器16、车速传感器17、第二离合器油压传感器18、对驾驶员操作的变速杆的位置相应的信号进行输出的断路开关的传感器信息,根据来自综合控制器10的第二离合器控制指令,将控制第二离合器CL2的联接、释放的指令输出到AT油压控制阀内的第二离合器油压单元8。另外,加速器踏板开度APO、车速VSP、断路开关的信息经由CAN通信线11供给到综合控制器10。
制动器控制器9将控制四轮的制动器致动器902的指令输出到四轮的制动器单元900,分别控制四轮的制动力。具体而言,输入来自检测四轮的各车轮速的车轮速传感器19和制动器行程传感器20的传感器信息,例如在踏下制动器制动时,在相对于从制动器行程BS求出的请求制动力仅再生制动力不足的情况下,基于来自综合控制器10的再生协调控制指令,进行再生协调制动控制,以用机械制动力(摩擦制动器的制动力)补充其不足部分。
综合控制器10是对车辆整体的能量消耗进行管理,且承担以最高效率使车辆行驶的功能的控制器,输入有来自检测电动机转速Nm的电动机转速传感器21、检测第二离合器输出转速N2out的第二离合器输出转速传感器22、检测第二离合器传递转矩容量TCL2的第二离合器转矩传感器23、制动器油压传感器24、检测第二离合器CL2的温度的温度传感器10a、检测前后加速度的G传感器10b的信息及经由CAN通信线11而得到的信息。
另外,综合控制器10进行向发动机控制器1发出的控制指令实现的发动机E的动作控制、向电动机控制器2发出的控制指令实现的电动发电机MG的动作控制、向第一离合器控制器5发出的控制指令实现的第一离合器CL1的联接、释放控制、向AT控制器7发出的控制指令实现的第二离合器CL2的联接、释放控制。
下面,利用图2所示的框图对由实施例1的综合控制器10运算的控制进行说明。例如,该运算由综合控制器10在每一控制周期10msec进行运算。综合控制器10具有目标驱动力运算部100、模式选择部200、目标充放电运算部300、动作点指令部400、变速控制部500。
在目标驱动力运算部100中,使用图3所示的目标驱动力曲线图,根据加速器踏板开度APO和车速VSP运算目标驱动转矩tFo0(相当于驱动转矩目标值)。
模式选择部200基于车速和加速器踏板开度APO,并通过图5所示的模式曲线图选择行驶模式。图5表示的是通常模式曲线图。在通常模式曲线图内,具有EV行驶模式、WSC行驶模式、HEV行驶模式,根据加速器踏板开度APO和车速VSP运算目标模式。但是,即使选择了EV行驶模式,如果蓄电池SOC为规定值以下,则也强制地将“HEV行驶模式”或“WSC行驶模式”设为目标模式。另外,在模式选择部200内,推定路面的坡度,在推定的路面坡度为规定值以上的上坡等时,选择MWSC行驶模式来代替WSC行驶模式。
在图5的通常模式曲线图中,在不足规定加速器开度APO1的区域,在自动变速器AT为1速级时,HEV→WSC切换线设定在低于下限车速VSP1的区域内,上述下限车速VSP1为小于发动机E的怠速转速的转速。另外,在规定加速器开度APO1以上的区域,请求较大的驱动转矩,因此,直到高于下限车速VSP1的车速VSP1'区域,都设有WSC行驶模式。另外,在蓄电池SOC低且不能实现EV行驶模式时,以即使是起步时等也选择WSC行驶模式的方式构成。
在加速器踏板开度APO大时,有时难以以与怠速转速附近的发动机转速对应的发动机转矩和电动发电机MG的转矩实现该请求。在此,如果发动机转速上升,发动机转矩就能够输出更多的转矩。由此,如果提高发动机转速而输出更大的转矩,则即使直到高于下限车速VSP1的车速都执行WSC行驶模式,也能够在短时间内从WSC行驶模式过渡到HEV行驶模式。这种情况是图5所示的扩大到下限车速VSP1'的WSC区域。
在目标充放电运算部300,使用图4所示的目标充放电量曲线图,根据蓄电池SOC运算目标充放电电力tP。在SOC≥50%时,在图5的通常模式曲线图中出现EV行驶模式区域。当在模式曲线图内出现一次EV行驶模式区域时,直到SOC小于35%,该区域持续出现。在SOC<35%时,在图5的通常模式曲线图中,EV行驶模式区域消失。当EV行驶模式区域从模式曲线图内中消失时,直到SOC达到50%,该区域持续消失。
在动作点指令部400,根据加速器踏板开度APO、目标驱动转矩tFo0、目标模式、车速VSP、目标充放电电力tP,运算过渡性的目标发动机转矩、目标电动发电机转矩、目标第二离合器传递转矩容量、自动变速器AT的目标变速级、第一离合器电磁铁电流指令,作为这些动作点到达目标。另外,在动作点指令部400设有在从EV行驶模式向HEV行驶模式过渡时起动发动机E的发动机起动控制部。
在变速控制部500,沿着换档曲线图所示的换档表,对自动变速器AT内的电磁阀进行驱动控制,以使实现目标第二离合器传递转矩容量和目标变速级。另外,换档曲线图是基于车速VSP和加速器踏板开度APO而预设定目标变速级的图。
(关于WSC行驶模式)
接着,对WSC行驶模式的详细内容进行说明。WSC行驶模式在维持发动机E工作的状态这点具有特征,对请求驱动转矩变化的响应性高。具体而言,将第一离合器CL1完全联接,将第二离合器CL2作为请求驱动转矩相应的传递转矩容量TCL2进行滑动控制,利用发动机E及/或电动发电机MG的驱动转矩来行驶。
在实施例1的混合动力车辆中,不存在如液力变矩器那样吸收转速差的元件,因此,当将第一离合器CL1和第二离合器CL2完全联接时,根据发动机E的转速会决定车速。在发动机E上存在用于维持独立旋转的怠速转速的下限值,该怠速转速当通过发动机的热机运转等而进行怠速上升时,就会进一步提高下限值。另外,在请求驱动转矩高的状态下,有时不能迅速过渡到HEV行驶模式。在此,“完全联接”指的是离合器不产生滑动(旋转差)的状态的联接,具体而言,通过将离合器的传递转矩容量设定为比此时要传递的转矩充分大来实现。
另一方面,在EV行驶模式中,将第一离合器CL1释放,因此,没有伴随上述发动机转速的下限值的限制。但是,在基于蓄电池SOC的限制而难以实现EV行驶模式的行驶的情况下或在仅由电动发电机MG不能实现请求驱动转矩的区域内,都是由发动机E产生稳定的转矩,除此以外,没有别的方法。
于是,在车速比相当于上述下限值的车速低的低车速区域且难以实现EV行驶模式的行驶的情况下或在仅由电动发电机MG不能实现请求驱动转矩的区域内,选择将发动机转速维持在规定转速,通过转速控制对第二离合器CL2进行滑动控制,利用发动机转矩而行驶的WSC行驶模式。
(从WSC行驶模式向HEV行驶模式的过渡)
接着,对从WSC行驶模式向HEV行驶模式的过渡时的课题进行说明。在WSC行驶模式中,将第二离合器CL2的联接容量设定为与目标驱动转矩相应的值,对电动发电机MG进行转速控制并设定为输出转速加上规定滑动量所得的目标电动发电机转速。而且,当从WSC行驶模式向HEV行驶模式过渡时,第二离合器CL2完全联接,电动发电机MG与发动机E一同切换到转矩控制,实现目标驱动转矩。
此时,根据第二离合器CL2的联接状态,动力传动系统的运动方程式如下表示。
(a)第二离合器联接状态
(JENG+JMG+J0)×dω0/dt=Tin_HEV-TR/L (式1)
(b)第二离合器滑动状态
J0×dω0/dt=TCL2-TR/L (式2)
(JENG+JMG)×dωin/dt=Tin_WSC-TCL2 (式3)
在此,JENG表示发动机转动惯量,JMG表示电动发电机转动惯量,J0表示输出轴转动惯量,dω0/dt表示第二离合器输出轴角加速度,dωin/dt表示第二离合器输入轴角加速度,Tin_HEV表示HEV行驶模式时的输入转矩,TR/L表示行驶阻力,TCL2表示第二离合器传递转矩,Tin_WSC表示WSC行驶模式时的输入转矩。
此时,在行驶模式进行过渡时,当不考虑上述转动惯量的关系时,第二离合器CL2的滑动量一变成零,转动惯量就发生变化,由此,导致输出轴转矩进行变动,有可能给驾驶员带来不舒服感。
于是,在实施例1中,即使在第二离合器CL2的滑动量从规定量变成零的情况下,也以输出轴角加速度dω0/dt成为相同的方式设定第二离合器CL2的传递转矩容量。
在关系式(a)的dω0/dt和关系式(b)的dω0/dt成为同一值的情况下,由式2表示为dω0/dt=1/J0×(TCL2-TR/L),因此,当将此式代入式1时,如下来表示。
TCL2=(J0/(JENG+JMG+J0))×Tin_HEV+(JENG+JMG)/(JENG+JMG+J0)×TR/L (式4)
在此,当设(J0/(JENG+JMG+J0))=α、(JENG+JMG)/(JENG+JMG+J0)=β时,就表示为如下。
TCL2=α×Tin_HEV+β×TR/L (式5)
这是在第二离合器CL2的联接前后不产生驱动力变化的传递转矩容量。
但是,输出轴转动惯量J0与发动机转动惯量JENG或电动发电机转动惯量JMG相比,是极大的值,因此,成为α>>β。因而认为,β作为整体并不会带来那么大的影响,但在自动变速器AT选择1速等低变速级的起步时等,具有不可忽略的影响。
于是,通过下述关系式,求出第二离合器CL2的基础目标传递转矩容量TCL2base。
TCL2base=α×Tin_HEV (式5)
换言之,进行减去输入侧的转动惯量成分即β×TR/L的修正。由此,第二离合器CL2的传递转矩容量成为比由上述关系式计算出的值低若干的值,另外,由于由不受行驶环境等影响的值构成,因此,能够缓慢地吸收滑动量变成零时的转动惯量的变化。
(加速器关闭时的输入转矩修正处理)
加速器踏板为关闭状态且第二离合器CL2的输入侧转速被转速控制到怠速转速程度的状态换言之为以输入轴角加速度成为零的方式进行控制。这相当于车辆停止状态或爬行状态。此时,在发动机E中,进行转矩控制,由电动发电机MG进行转速控制而控制为怠速转速程度,由此,在电动发电机MG中,进行发电。在这种情况下,输入侧的旋转成分转动惯量即β仍然几乎不需要考虑。因而,在基于爬行转矩的第二离合器CL2的传递转矩容量确定之后,进行从输入侧的目标驱动转矩减去与由式4及式5求出的β×TR/L相当的修正转矩的修正。由此,来提高电动发电机MG的发电转矩的精度。另外,行驶阻力因乘客数量及坡度等而有若干不同,是在某种程度的范围内可确定的值,只要设定适当的值作为初始值即可。
图6是实施例1的模式过渡时的进行目标第二离合器传递转矩容量运算处理的控制框图。当基于加速器开度计算出目标驱动转矩Tin_HEV时,基于该值计算出发动机E及电动发电机MG的各自的目标驱动转矩。另一方面,在基础目标传递转矩容量运算部401,基于上述式4,运算基础目标传递转矩容量TCL2base。
在修正图表402中,基于目标驱动转矩Tin_HEV,计算出对第二离合器CL2的传递转矩容量进行修正的第一修正量Thosei1。该修正量是考虑第二离合器CL2的偏差及油压致动器的偏差等而以维持输入转矩即Tin_HEV比第二离合器传递转矩容量TCL2大的状态的方式进行修正的修正量。在从WSC行驶模式向HEV行驶模式过渡时,第二离合器CL2会从滑动状态过渡到完全联接状态,因此,最终成为Tin_HEV<TCL2。但是,当在滑动状态下实现该关系时,在联接时,有可能发生冲击,因此,直到滑动量变成零,即使第二离合器传递转矩容量有偏差,都能可靠地维持上述不等式的关系。
在修正曲线图403中,基于输入轴转速、自动变速器油温即ATF温度、管路压等,计算出修正传递转矩容量的第二修正量Thosei2。这是由于第二离合器CL2的输入轴摩擦或粘性因这些参数而不同,因此,考虑这些值进行修正。
在目标第二离合器传递转矩容量运算部404,将基础目标传递转矩容量TCL2base和第一修正量Thosei1和第二修正量Thosei2相加,运算最终的目标第二离合器传递转矩容量TCL2并输出。
接着,对作用进行说明。图7是在实施例1的混合动力车辆中表示从车辆停止状态开始的起步状态的时间图。初始条件是WSC行驶模式下的车辆停止状态。
在车辆停止时,基于目标驱动转矩(相当于爬行转矩的值),设定目标第二离合器传递转矩容量。此时,由于既没有踏下加速器踏板,也没有加速意图,因此,在输入侧不产生角加速度变化。即,由于是加速器关闭状态,且是发动机E及电动发电机MG的目标转速为怠速转速以下,因此,从作为相当于爬行转矩的值而设定的目标驱动转矩中减去相当于β×TR/L的修正转矩。因而,可提高电动发电机MG的发电转矩的精度。
接着,在时刻t1,当踏下加速器踏板时,上述的减去修正转矩的修正被解除,目标驱动转矩上升,随之,目标第二离合器传递转矩容量也上升。由此,向驱动轮传递转矩,第二离合器CL2的输出转速也上升。
在时刻t2,当伴随车速的增大及加速器开度的增大而输出从WSC行驶模式向HEV行驶模式的模式过渡指令时,目标第二离合器传递转矩容量使第二离合器CL2的传递转矩容量被修正,以即使在第二离合器CL2从滑动状态过渡到完全联接的前后而转动惯量发生了变化,第二离合器CL2的输出旋转角加速度也不变化。由此,维持目标第二离合器传递转矩容量比目标驱动转矩小的关系,同时逐渐减小第二离合器CL2的滑动量。
然后,在时刻t3,即使在第二离合器CL2的滑动量变成零的阶段,目标第二离合器传递转矩容量也以比目标驱动转矩小的方式进行设定。因而,在滑动量变成零时,即使动力传动系统的转动惯量发生了变化,也不发生联接冲击,也不产生驱动力级差。
在时刻t4,第二离合器CL2是完全联接状态,因此,目标第二离合器传递转矩容量以比目标驱动转矩大的方式进行设定。此时,由于第二离合器CL2已经不再产生滑动,且动力传动系统的转动惯量在时刻t4的前后不变化,因此,不会发生联接冲击等。
图8是表示在实施例1的混合动力车辆中从爬行行驶状态开始的起步状态的时间图。初始条件是WSC行驶模式下的爬行行驶状态。
在爬行行驶时,与车辆停止时同样,作为目标驱动转矩设定爬行转矩相当值,然后,基于该值,设定目标第二离合器传递转矩容量。另外,由于未踩下制动踏板,因此,以极低车速进行匀速行驶。此时,由于既未踩下加速器踏板,也没有加速意图,因此,在输入侧,角加速度不发生变化。即,由于是加速器关闭状态且发动机E及电动发电机MG的目标转速为怠速转速以下,因此,从作为爬行转矩相当值而设定的目标驱动转矩中减去相当于β×TR/L的修正转矩。因而,可提高电动发电机MG的发电转矩的精度。
接着,在时刻t1,当踏下加速器踏板时,上述的减去修正转矩的修正就被解除,目标驱动转矩上升,随之,目标第二离合器传递转矩容量也上升。由此,向驱动轮进一步传递转矩,第二离合器CL2的输出转速也从匀速行驶状态进行加速而上升。
在时刻t2,当随着车速的增大及加速器开度的增大而输出从WSC行驶模式向HEV行驶模式的模式过渡指令时,目标第二离合器传递转矩容量使第二离合器CL2的传递转矩容量进行修正,以即使在第二离合器CL2从滑动状态过渡到完全联接的前后而转动惯量发生了变化,第二离合器CL2的输出旋转角加速度也不变化。由此,维持目标第二离合器传递转矩容量比目标驱动转矩小的关系,同时,逐渐减小第二离合器CL2的滑动量。
然后,在时刻t3,即使在第二离合器CL2的滑动量变成零的阶段,目标第二离合器传递转矩容量也以比目标驱动转矩小的方式进行设定。因此,在滑动量变成零时,即使动力传动系统的转动惯量发生了变化,也不发生联接冲击,也不产生驱动力级差。
在时刻t4,由于第二离合器CL2已经是完全联接状态,因此,目标第二离合器传递转矩容量以比目标驱动转矩大的方式进行设定。此时,由于第二离合器CL2已经不再产生滑动,且动力传动系统的转动惯量在时刻t4的前后不变化,因此,不会发生联接冲击等。
由以上可知,实施例1可得到下述列举的作用效果。
(1)具备:设置于电动发电机MG(驱动源)和驱动轮之间的第二离合器CL2(起步离合器)、对电动发电机MG进行转速控制且对第二离合器CL2进行滑动控制而行驶的WSC行驶模式(滑动行驶模式)、对电动发电机MG进行转矩控制且将第二离合器CL2完全联接而行驶的HEV行驶模式(联接行驶模式)、对滑动控制时的第二离合器传递转矩容量(起步离合器传递转矩容量)进行控制的离合器控制单元,离合器控制单元在WSC行驶模式和HEV行驶模式之间进行模式过渡时,以第二离合器CL2在滑动状态和联接状态下成为相同的驱动转矩的方式设定第二离合器传递转矩容量。换言之,如式4所示,考虑第二离合器CL2在滑动状态和完全联接状态下转动惯量不同,设定第二离合器传递转矩容量,以使第二离合器CL2的输出转速角加速度不变化。
即,在第二离合器CL2为滑动状态和联接状态时,驱动转矩传递系统的转动惯量成分会发生变化,因此,即使将第二离合器传递转矩容量设为一定,向驱动轮侧输出的转矩有时也会变动。因此,通过设定为即使在联接的前后转动惯量发生变化而向驱动轮侧输出的转矩也不变动的第二离合器传递转矩容量,能够避免驱动力级差,实现稳定的行驶状态。
更具体而言,将基于加速器开度设定的目标驱动转矩减去与驱动源侧的转动惯量成分相关的转矩所得的值设定为滑动状态下的第二离合器传递转矩容量。
即,输出轴转动惯量J0与发动机转动惯量JENG或电动发电机转动惯量JMG相比,是极大的值,因此,成为α>>β。因而认为,β作为整体不会带来那么大的影响,但在自动变速器AT选择1速等低变速级的起步时等,具有不可忽略的影响。于是,通过进行减去输入侧的转动惯量成分即β×TR/L的修正,第二离合器CL2的传递转矩容量成为比由上述关系式计算出的值低若干的值,另外,由于由不受行驶环境等影响的值构成,因此,能够缓慢地吸收滑动量变成零时的转动惯量的变化。
(2)离合器控制单元在从滑动状态向联接状态(或从联接状态向滑动状态)过渡期间,第二离合器传递转矩容量减去第一修正转矩(进行修正),以比上述驱动源的输入转矩小。
即,通过考虑第二离合器CL2的偏差或油压致动器的偏差等,以维持输入转矩即Tin_HEV比第二离合器传递转矩容量TCL2大的状态的方式进行修正,能够降低向完全联接状态过渡时的冲击。
(3)离合器控制单元在从滑动状态向联接状态(或从联接状态向滑动状态)过渡期间,以考虑到驱动源侧的摩擦或粘性的第二修正转矩(值)来修正第二离合器传递转矩容量。
因而,能够高精度地反映第二离合器CL2的输入侧的状态,能够实现稳定的第二离合器联接控制。
(4)具备:设置于电动发电机MG(驱动源)和驱动轮之间的第二离合器CL2(起步离合器)、对电动发电机MG进行转速控制且对第二离合器CL2进行滑动控制而行驶的WSC行驶模式(滑动行驶模式)、对滑动控制时的第二离合器传递转矩容量进行控制的离合器控制单元、检测加速器开度的加速器开度传感器16(加速器开度检测单元),在电动发电机MG被控制为怠速转速(一定转速)且未检测加速器开度时,以第二离合器CL2在滑动状态和联接状态下成为相同的驱动转矩的方式计算出第二离合器传递转矩容量,从述驱动源的转矩减去该第二离合器传递转矩容量中与驱动源侧的转动惯量成分相关的转矩。
即,在车辆停止状态或爬行行驶状态下,在发动机E中,进行转矩控制,由电动发电机MG进行转速控制且被控制为怠速转速左右,由此,在电动发电机MG中进行发电。在这种情况下,输入侧的旋转成分转动惯量即β仍然几乎不需要考虑。因而,在基于爬行转矩的第二离合器CL2的传递转矩容量确定之后,进行从输入侧的目标驱动转矩中减去与由式4及式5求出的β×TR/L相当的修正转矩的修正。由此,能够提高电动发电机MG的发电转矩的精度。
以上,基于实施例1进行了说明,但不局限于上述构成,在不脱离本发明范围的范围内,可取得其他的构成。在实施例1中,对从滑动状态向联接状态过渡时进行了说明,但在从联接状态向滑动状态过渡时,也可应用同样的控制。
另外,虽然应用于从WSC行驶模式向HEV行驶模式的过渡时,但即使是其他行驶模式间的过渡,当离合器在滑动状态和联接状态下变化的情况下,也同样可应用。
另外,在实施例1中,对FR型混合动力车辆进行了说明,但也可以是FF型混合动力车辆。
另外,对第二离合器CL2使用自动变速器内的离合器的构成进行了表示,但也可以在电动发电机和自动变速器之间另外设置起步离合器,也可以另外设置在自动变速器和驱动轮之间。
Claims (4)
1.一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,具备:
起步离合器,设置于驱动源与驱动轮之间;
滑动行驶模式,对所述驱动源进行转速控制且对所述起步离合器进行滑动控制而行驶;
联接行驶模式,对所述驱动源进行转矩控制且将所述起步离合器完全联接而行驶;
离合器控制单元,对所述滑动控制时的起步离合器传递转矩容量进行控制,
所述离合器控制单元在所述滑动行驶模式与所述联接行驶模式之间进行模式过渡时,将基于加速器开度设定的目标驱动转矩减去与所述驱动源侧的转动惯量成分相关的转矩所得的值作为滑动状态的起步离合器传递转矩容量而设定。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
所述离合器控制单元在从滑动状态向联接状态或从联接状态向滑动状态过渡的期间,以起步离合器传递转矩容量比所述驱动源的输入转矩小的方式进行修正。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,
所述离合器控制单元在从滑动状态向联接状态或从联接状态向滑动状态过渡的期间,以考虑到所述驱动源侧的摩擦或粘性的值对起步离合器传递转矩容量进行修正。
4.一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,其特征在于,具备:
起步离合器,设置于驱动源与驱动轮之间;
滑动行驶模式,对所述驱动源进行转速控制且对所述起步离合器进行滑动控制而行驶;
离合器控制单元,对所述滑动控制时的起步离合器传递转矩容量进行控制;
加速器开度检测单元,检测加速器开度,
在所述驱动源被控制为一定转速且未检测所述加速器开度时,以所述起步离合器在滑动状态和联接状态时成为相同的驱动转矩的方式计算出起步离合器传递转矩容量,从所述驱动源的转矩减去该起步离合器传递转矩容量中与所述驱动源侧的转动惯量成分相关的转矩。
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EP2639130A4 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
KR101434123B1 (ko) | 2014-08-25 |
JP5454698B2 (ja) | 2014-03-26 |
US8825253B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 |
JPWO2012053576A1 (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
US20140195082A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
KR20130081298A (ko) | 2013-07-16 |
EP2639130B1 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
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