CN103257323A - Method for estimating lithium ion battery remaining available capacity - Google Patents
Method for estimating lithium ion battery remaining available capacity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for estimating lithium ion battery remaining available capacity. The method comprises the steps of acquiring standard temperature, a standard discharging current and battery internal resistance from a battery instruction book, acquiring battery nominal capacity based on battery bench testing data, drawing a temperature-current-SOC three-dimensional surface, estimating the remaining available capacity of a battery under a battery future current according to the current battery temperature, the current battery SOC, the battery standard nominal capacity, the battery internal resistance, the battery future current and the temperature-current-SOC three-dimensional surface, and calculating the battery remaining battery capacity according to the remaining available capacity, a battery current end voltage, the battery internal resistance and the battery future current. According to the method for estimating the lithium ion battery remaining available capacity, influences on the lithium ion battery remaining available capacity by the battery discharging current, the battery temperature and the battery internal resistance are taken into solid consideration, an accurate estimation value of the lithium ion battery remaining available capacity can be offered, and the estimation value of the lithium ion battery remaining available capacity is further used for estimation of remaining mileage of an electric automobile and automobile overall energy management.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to battery management and battery status and estimate the field, be specifically related to a kind of method of estimation of lithium ion battery residue utilisable energy.
Background technology
Present global petroleum resources are exhausted day by day, and environmental problems such as greenhouse effect are severe further, make fuel price raise day by day, and Abgasgesetz is more and more harsh.Compare with traditional fuel-engined vehicle, electric automobile has great advantage in travel economy and environmental friendliness degree, and good development prospect is arranged.But the continual mileage of electric automobile is shorter, and is inconvenient in daily use.The continual mileage of electric automobile depends on the energy consumption of residue utilisable energy and the car load of electrokinetic cell.Wherein the residue utilisable energy of electrokinetic cell relates to data acquisition, parameter identification and the state estimation of battery, needs research emphatically.
The residue utilisable energy of certain moment electrokinetic cell refers under a certain electric current operating mode, begins constantly to reach the process of battery discharge cut-off voltage the gross energy that the battery output terminal is emitted up to battery terminal voltage from this.The influence factor of remaining battery utilisable energy is a lot, as state-of-charge (SOC), battery temperature, battery discharge voltage, battery capacity and internal resistance of current battery etc., these factors all can exert an influence to the energy that car load provides to battery, and then influence the continual mileage of electric automobile.
More existing electric automobile power batteries remain the computing method of utilisable energies at present, but these methods are comparatively simple to the calculating of remaining battery utilisable energy, and the real vehicle operating mode can cause bigger evaluated error when using.Specifically, during the remaining battery utilisable energy calculates, the mode that previous methods adopts battery charge state (SOC), battery nominal capacity and current terminal voltage directly to multiply each other more, therefore factors such as the battery temperature rise in less consideration battery temperature, following discharge current, the following discharge process, the change in voltage in the following discharge process, the internal resistance of cell can influence the estimated accuracy of remaining battery utilisable energy.
With respect to traditional lead-acid battery and Ni-MH battery, lithium ion battery has the advantages that energy density is big, the life-span is long, therefore is used widely at electric automobile.When estimating the residue utilisable energy of lithium ion battery, consider some characteristics of lithium ion battery self.
Summary of the invention
The present invention one of is intended to solve the problems of the technologies described above at least to a certain extent or provides a kind of useful commerce to select at least.For this reason, the objective of the invention is to propose the method for estimation of the higher lithium ion battery residue utilisable energy of a kind of precision.
Remain the method for estimation of utilisable energy according to the lithium ion battery of the embodiment of the invention, may further comprise the steps: S1. obtains standard temperature, standard discharge current and the internal resistance of cell from the battery instructions, based on battery engine bench test data, obtain the battery nominal capacity, draw temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface; S2. according to battery Current Temperatures, the current SOC of battery, described battery nominal capacity, the described internal resistance of cell, battery not incoming current and described temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface, estimate that battery is in the described battery residue active volume under the incoming current not; S3. according to described residue active volume, the current terminal voltage of described battery, the described internal resistance of cell and described battery incoming current not, calculate the remaining battery utilisable energy.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method of described acquisition battery nominal capacity is: according to the battery operation instructions, measure battery under standard temperature, standard discharge current, begin the capacity that battery is emitted when battery terminal voltage reaches discharge cut-off voltage from full power state, be designated as nominal capacity C
Batt_nom
In one embodiment of the invention, the method of described drafting temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface is: at first carry out the battery stand and test, measure battery under different temperatures, different discharge current, begin the capacity that battery is emitted when battery terminal voltage reaches discharge cut-off voltage from full power state, be designated as at T the battery capacity C under the I condition
Batt_T_IThen according to battery nominal capacity C
Batt_nomWith the battery condition capacity C
Batt_T_I, calculate battery at T, the discharge of the battery under the I condition is designated as SOC by SOC
Cutoff_T_I, computing formula is SOC
Cutoff_T_I=1-C
Batt_T_I/ C
Batt_nomDraw temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface at last.
In one embodiment of the invention, described step S2 further comprises: S21. utilizes lithium ion battery battery-thermal coupling model to calculate the temperature changing process T of battery in following discharge process according to battery Current Temperatures, the current SOC of battery, the internal resistance of cell and battery incoming current not
Batt_futWith SOC change procedure SOC
Fut, and with this battery status change procedural representation on temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimensional coordinate, show as a temperature-electric current-SOC curve; S22. described temperature-electric current-SOC curve and described temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface intersects at a point, and thinks that the corresponding SOC of this point is the true SOC that battery discharge ends, and is designated as SOC
Cutoff_realS23. according to described true SOC, calculate described residue active volume C
Batt_usable, computing formula is C
Batt_usable=C
Batt_nom* (1-SOC
Cutoff_real).
In one embodiment of the invention, described step S3 further comprises: S31. is according to the current terminal voltage U of battery
t, internal resistance of cell R
BattWith following electric current I
Fut, calculate the following terminal voltage of battery curve U over time
T_futS32. according to the following terminal voltage of described battery curve U over time
T_fut, the described residue active volume C of battery
Batt_usable, and according to electric current I
FutFuture temporal integrating meter calculate the accumulated discharge electric weight C of battery
Batt_cum, when battery at following certain t constantly
FutAccumulated discharge electric weight C
Batt_cum(t
Fut) and the described residue utilisable energy of battery C
Batt_usableWhen equating, think that the following discharge of battery will be at t
FutFinish constantly.Contrast terminal voltage change curve U
T_futWith electric current change curve I
Fut, calculate battery at current time t
0To the following discharge t finish time
FutBattery accumulated energy ∫ U during this time
T_fut* I
Fut* dt, i.e. described remaining battery utilisable energy E
Batt_usable
In one embodiment of the invention, described battery is LiFePO4/graphite battery, LiMn2O4/graphite battery, ternary lithium/graphite battery, ternary lithium/lithium-ion-power cells such as lithium titanate battery.
This method has more comprehensively been considered the influence to lithium ion battery residue utilisable energy of battery discharge current, battery temperature and the internal resistance of cell, remaining battery utilisable energy estimated value comparatively accurately can be provided, and the remaining mileage that is further used for electric automobile is estimated and the car load energy management.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage part in the following description provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment in conjunction with following accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram according to the method for estimation of the lithium ion battery residue utilisable energy of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of the temperature-electric current-SOC curved surface on temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimensional coordinate.
Fig. 3 utilizes temperature-electric current-SOC curved surface and temperature-electric current-SOC curve to determine the synoptic diagram of SOC value.
Fig. 4 is the method synoptic diagram that is calculated the remaining battery utilisable energy by the remaining battery active volume.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein identical or similar label is represented identical or similar elements or the element with identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
The present invention is directed to the problem that existing method exists, propose a kind of lithium ion battery residue utilisable energy method of estimation.Its core concept is: based on battery engine bench test data, obtain the discharge of battery under different temperatures, different discharge current by SOC.According to the current measured value of battery, the current SOC of battery, battery engine bench test data, and the discharge current in battery future estimate that battery discharge with this understanding is by SOC and residue active volume.And then utilize residue active volume, internal resistance of cell information, in conjunction with the battery terminal voltage variation in future, estimate the residue utilisable energy of battery.This method has more comprehensively been considered the influence to lithium ion battery residue utilisable energy of battery discharge current, battery temperature and the internal resistance of cell, remaining battery utilisable energy estimated value comparatively accurately can be provided, and the remaining mileage that is further used for electric automobile is estimated and the car load energy management.
Referring to Fig. 1, the method for estimation according to the lithium ion battery of embodiment of the invention residue utilisable energy may further comprise the steps:
S1. from the battery instructions, obtain standard temperature, standard discharge current and the internal resistance of cell, based on battery engine bench test data, obtain the battery nominal capacity, draw temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface;
S2. according to battery Current Temperatures, the current SOC of battery, battery nominal capacity, the internal resistance of cell, battery not incoming current and temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface, estimate that battery is in the battery residue active volume under the incoming current not;
S3. according to remaining not incoming current of active volume, the current terminal voltage of battery, the internal resistance of cell and battery, calculate the remaining battery utilisable energy.
Introduce embodiment or the computing method of each step below in detail.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method that obtains the battery nominal capacity among the step S1 is: according to the battery operation instructions, measure battery under standard temperature, standard discharge current, begin the capacity that battery is emitted when battery terminal voltage reaches discharge cut-off voltage from full power state, be designated as nominal capacity C
Batt_nom
In one embodiment of the invention, the method of drawing temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface among the step S1 is: at first carry out the battery stand and test, measure battery under different temperatures, different discharge current, begin the capacity that battery is emitted when battery terminal voltage reaches discharge cut-off voltage from full power state, be designated as at T the battery capacity C under the I condition
Batt_T_IThen according to battery nominal capacity C
Batt_nomWith the battery condition capacity C
Batt_T_I, calculate battery at T, the discharge of the battery under the I condition is designated as SOC by SOC
Cutoff_T_I, computing formula is SOC
Cutoff_T_I=1-C
Batt_T_I/ C
Batt_nomIn temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimensional coordinate, draw temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface at last, referring to Fig. 2.For lithium ion battery, in general temperature is more high, the capacity C that battery is emitted
Batt_T_IMore many, corresponding discharge is by SOC value SOC
Cutoff_T_IMore little.Discharge current is more big, the capacity C that battery is emitted
Batt_T_IMore few, corresponding discharge is by SOC value SOC
Cutoff_T_IMore big.
In one embodiment of the invention, step S2 further may further comprise the steps:
S21. according to battery Current Temperatures, the current SOC of battery, the internal resistance of cell and battery incoming current not, utilize lithium ion battery battery-thermal coupling model to calculate the temperature changing process T of battery in following discharge process
Batt_futWith SOC change procedure SOC
Fut, and with this battery status change procedural representation on temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimensional coordinate, show as a temperature-electric current-SOC curve.
S22. temperature-electric current-SOC curve and temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface intersects at a point, referring to Fig. 3, when the battery status change curve ends the SOC surface intersection with discharge, battery can't continue discharge, intersection point is gone up the B point for figure, corresponding SOC is that the discharge of battery under this temperature and this discharge current ends SOC, is designated as SOC
Cutoff_real
S23. according to true SOC, calculate the residue active volume C of battery under this temperature, this discharge current
Batt_usable, computing formula is C
Batt_usable=C
Batt_nom* (1-SOC
Cutoff_real).
In one embodiment of the invention, with reference to figure 4, step S3 further may further comprise the steps:
S31. according to the current terminal voltage U of battery
t, internal resistance of cell R
BattWith following electric current I
Fut, calculate the following terminal voltage of battery curve U over time
T_fut
S32. according to the following terminal voltage of battery curve U over time
T_fut, the residue active volume C of battery
Batt_usable, and according to electric current I
FutFuture temporal integrating meter calculate the accumulated discharge electric weight C of battery
Batt_cum, when battery at following certain t constantly
FutAccumulated discharge electric weight C
Batt_cum(t
Fut) and the described residue utilisable energy of battery C
Batt_usableWhen equating, think that the following discharge of battery will be at t
FutFinish constantly.Contrast terminal voltage change curve U
T_futWith electric current change curve I
Fut, calculate battery at current time t
0To the following discharge t finish time
FutBattery accumulated energy ∫ U during this time
T_fut* I
Fut* dt, i.e. remaining battery utilisable energy E
Batt_usable
The scope of application of the method for estimation of lithium ion battery residue utilisable energy of the present invention is LiFePO4/graphite battery, LiMn2O4/graphite battery, ternary lithium/graphite battery, ternary lithium/lithium-ion-power cells such as lithium titanate battery.
As from the foregoing, this method has been considered not incoming current, battery temperature, and the temperature variation in the discharge process, and following terminal voltage can provide remaining battery utilisable energy estimated value more accurately to the influence of the energy content of battery.
Need to prove, describe and to be understood that in the process flow diagram or in this any process of otherwise describing or method, expression comprises the module of code of the executable instruction of the step that one or more is used to realize specific logical function or process, fragment or part, and the scope of preferred implementation of the present invention comprises other realization, wherein can be not according to order shown or that discuss, comprise according to related function by the mode of basic while or by opposite order, carry out function, this should be understood by the embodiments of the invention person of ordinary skill in the field.
In the description of this instructions, concrete feature, structure, material or characteristics that the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means in conjunction with this embodiment or example description are contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or the example.In this manual, the schematic statement to above-mentioned term not necessarily refers to identical embodiment or example.And concrete feature, structure, material or the characteristics of description can be with the suitable manner combination in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention above, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can change above-described embodiment under the situation that does not break away from principle of the present invention and aim within the scope of the invention, modification, replacement and modification.
Claims (6)
1. the method for estimation of a lithium ion battery residue utilisable energy is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
S1. from the battery instructions, obtain standard temperature, standard discharge current and the internal resistance of cell, based on battery engine bench test data, obtain the battery nominal capacity, draw temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface;
S2. according to battery Current Temperatures, the current SOC of battery, described battery nominal capacity, the described internal resistance of cell, battery not incoming current and described temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface, estimate that battery is in the described battery residue active volume under the incoming current not;
S2. according to described residue active volume, the current terminal voltage of described battery, the described internal resistance of cell and described battery incoming current not, calculate the remaining battery utilisable energy.
2. lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1 remains the method for estimation of utilisable energy, it is characterized in that, the method of described acquisition battery nominal capacity is: according to the battery operation instructions, measure battery under standard temperature, standard discharge current, begin the capacity that battery is emitted when battery terminal voltage reaches discharge cut-off voltage from full power state, be designated as nominal capacity C
Batt_nom
3. lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 2 remains the method for estimation of utilisable energy, it is characterized in that, the method of described drafting temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface is: at first carry out the battery stand and test, measure battery under different temperatures, different discharge current, begin the capacity that battery is emitted when battery terminal voltage reaches discharge cut-off voltage from full power state, be designated as at T the battery capacity C under the I condition
Batt_T_IThen according to battery nominal capacity C
Batt_nomWith the battery condition capacity C
Batt_T_I, calculate battery at T, the discharge of the battery under the I condition is designated as SOC by SOC
Cutoff_T_I, computing formula is SOC
Cutoff_T_I=1-C
Batt_T_I/ C
Batt_nomDraw temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface at last.
4. lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 3 remains the method for estimation of utilisable energy, it is characterized in that described step S2 further comprises:
S21. according to battery Current Temperatures, the current SOC of battery, the internal resistance of cell and battery incoming current not, utilize lithium ion battery battery-thermal coupling model to calculate the temperature changing process T of battery in following discharge process
Batt_futWith SOC change procedure SOC
Fut, and with this battery status change procedural representation on temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimensional coordinate, show as a temperature-electric current-SOC curve;
S22. described temperature-electric current-SOC curve and described temperature-electric current-SOC three-dimension curved surface intersects at a point, and thinks that the corresponding SOC of this point is the true SOC that battery discharge ends, and is designated as SOC
Cutoff_real
S23. according to described true SOC, calculate described residue active volume C
Batt_usable, computing formula is C
Batt_usable=C
Batt_nom* (1-SOC
Cutoff_real).
5. lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 4 remains the method for estimation of utilisable energy, it is characterized in that described step S3 further comprises:
S31. according to the current terminal voltage U of battery
t, internal resistance of cell R
BattWith following electric current I
Fut, calculate the following terminal voltage of battery curve U over time
T_fut
S32. according to the following terminal voltage of described battery curve U over time
T_fut, the described residue active volume C of battery
Batt_usable, and according to electric current I
FutFuture temporal integrating meter calculate the accumulated discharge electric weight C of battery
Batt_cum, when battery at following certain t constantly
FutAccumulated discharge electric weight C
Batt_cum(t
Fut) and the described residue utilisable energy of battery C
Batt_usableWhen equating, think that the following discharge of battery will be at t
FutFinish constantly.Contrast terminal voltage change curve U
T_futWith electric current change curve I
Fut, calculate battery at current time t
0To the following discharge t finish time
FutBattery accumulated energy ∫ U during this time
T_fut* I
Fut* dt, i.e. described remaining battery utilisable energy E
Batt_usable
6. according to the described lithium ion battery residue of claim 1-5 utilisable energy method of estimation, it is characterized in that described battery is LiFePO4/graphite battery, LiMn2O4/graphite battery, ternary lithium/graphite battery, ternary lithium/lithium-ion-power cells such as lithium titanate battery.
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