CN102756661A - Determination method and device for state of charge of vehicular battery - Google Patents
Determination method and device for state of charge of vehicular battery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a determination method and device for the state of charge of a vehicular battery. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring a voltage signal, a temperature signal, a current signal and an initial value of the SOC (state of charge) of the vehicular battery; determining the internal resistance of the current vehicular battery according to the voltage signal, the temperature signal, the current signal and the historical data of the SOC; judging the current state of the vehicular battery according to the acquired voltage signal and current signal, wherein the current state comprises the charging state, the discharging state and the stable state; if the current state of the vehicular battery is the charging state or the discharging state, determining the current value of the SOC of the vehicular battery according to the initial value of the SOC, the current signal and the internal resistance of the current vehicular battery; and if the current state of the vehicular battery is the stable state, determining the relation between the SOC and the open-circuit voltage according to the temperature signal and determining the current value of the SOC of the vehicular battery according to the relation between the SOC and the open-circuit voltage. By the invention, the SOC of the vehicular battery can be acquired in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electronlmobil field, particularly, relate to a kind of definite method and device of Vehicular battery state-of-charge.
Background technology
Along with the increasing year by year with green-house effect harm of increasingly sharpening of world oil shortage problem, various countries more and more pay close attention to the automobile of other new forms of energy power, for example, and electronlmobil.
Electronlmobil mainly contains three types at present: pure electric automobile, mixed power electric car and FC-EV.These three kinds of electronlmobils all are equipped with energy-storage battery, utilize the electric energy in the energy-storage battery in the process of moving.
Need be in the driving process of electronlmobil to SOC (state of charge; State-of-charge) monitors; Guarantee that it maintains in the reasonable range; Prevent since overcharge or overdischarge to the damage of battery, and forecast the state-of-charge of electronlmobil energy-storage battery energy remaining or energy-storage battery at any time.Wherein, SOC is also referred to as the state of charge of battery, be energy-storage battery use a period of time or lie idle for a long time after the ratio of capacity of residual capacity charge condition complete with it, percentum commonly used is represented, must consider its state-of-charge when the control energy-storage battery moves.
SOC is a very important parameter in the elec. vehicle operational process.For pure electric vehicle, the SOC data are to prevent over-charging of battery and cross the main foundation of putting; For hybrid power, elec. vehicle, battery pack SOC data are main foundations of integrated vehicle control tactics.The size of SOC value directly reflects the residing state of battery, and maximum discharge current that in view of the above can limiting battery is also estimated the travelled distance of battery-driven car, and for example, SOC=1 promptly is expressed as the battery full state.
To the detection of SOC, the method that adopts both at home and abroad mainly contains: discharging test method, ampere-hour measurement Law, open circuit voltage method, on-load voltage method, electrochemical impedance spectrometry, internal resistance method, neural network method and Kalman filtering method at present.Wherein, the discharging test method is in the laboratory, to be used for confirmed test to begin and the end of test common method of SOC constantly, but can't in practical operation, use; The ampere-hour measurement Law is the most commonly used on present electronlmobil, but the estimated accuracy of ampere-hour measurement Law and unsatisfactory mainly contains following three reasons: 1. the initial SOC that is difficult to accurate estimating battery; 2. current measurement errors to the influence of method accuracy obviously; 3. must consider the influence of charge discharge efficiency; And open circuit voltage method, on-load voltage method, electrochemical impedance spectrometry, internal resistance method, neural network method also since its shortcoming separately seldom in practical operation, use.
In sum, also can't under the elec. vehicle mode of operation, confirm SOC in real time at present, thereby limit the application of elec. vehicle.
Summary of the invention
The main purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a kind of definite method and device of Vehicular battery state-of-charge, thereby to solve the problem that can't under the elec. vehicle mode of operation, confirm SOC restriction electric vehicle applications in real time of the prior art.
To achieve these goals, the embodiment of the invention provides definite method of a kind of Vehicular battery SOC, and this method comprises: the voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and the SOC initial value that obtain said Vehicular battery; Confirm current Vehicular battery internal resistance according to the voltage signal that obtains, temperature signal, current signal and SOC historical data; Judge the current state of said Vehicular battery according to the voltage signal that obtains and current signal, described current state comprises charge condition, discharge regime and stabilized conditions; If the current state of said Vehicular battery is charge condition or discharge regime, then confirm the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery according to said SOC initial value, current signal and current Vehicular battery internal resistance; If the current state of said Vehicular battery is a stabilized conditions, confirms the relation of SOC and open circuit voltage according to described temperature signal, and confirm the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery according to the relation of said SOC and open circuit voltage.
Particularly, judge that according to voltage signal that obtains and current signal the current state of said Vehicular battery comprises: a plurality of magnitudes of voltage and the current value that periodically obtain said Vehicular battery; Described a plurality of magnitudes of voltage and current value are carried out one-way analysis of variance; Judge the dispersion degree of said Vehicular battery current state according to described one-way analysis of variance result; If it is stabilized conditions that dispersion degree, is then judged the current state of said Vehicular battery less than predetermined value, otherwise the current state of said Vehicular battery is charge condition or discharge regime; If described current value is a positive current, the current state of then judging said Vehicular battery is a discharge regime, if described current value is a negative current, the current state of then judging said Vehicular battery is a charge condition.
Through following formula described a plurality of magnitudes of voltage and current value are carried out one-way analysis of variance:
Wherein, X
i=ρ (kI
i+ V
i), ρ is a variance estimation coefficient, k compensating factor, I
iBe electric current, V
iBe battery box average monomer voltage, i is a sampling number.
Above-mentionedly confirm that according to said SOC initial value, current signal and current Vehicular battery internal resistance the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery comprises: confirm the SOC changing value according to described current signal and charge or discharge time; Confirm the dynamic compensation electric weight according to described current Vehicular battery internal resistance; Confirm the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery according to said SOC initial value, SOC changing value and dynamic compensation electric weight.
Preferably, confirm that according to the voltage signal that obtains, temperature signal, current signal and SOC historical data current Vehicular battery internal resistance comprises: adopt the mode of counterpropagation network adaptive model neural network to confirm current Vehicular battery internal resistance to described voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and SOC historical data.
The embodiment of the invention also provides definite device of a kind of Vehicular battery SOC, and said device comprises: the battery information acquiring unit is used to obtain voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and the SOC initial value of said Vehicular battery; Internal resistance of cell acquiring unit is used for confirming current Vehicular battery internal resistance according to voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and the SOC historical data obtained; The battery status judging unit is used for the current state of judging said Vehicular battery according to the voltage signal that obtains and current signal, and described current state comprises charge condition, discharge regime and stabilized conditions; The SOC currency is confirmed the unit, is charge condition or discharge regime if be used for the current state of said Vehicular battery, then confirms the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery according to said SOC initial value, current signal and current Vehicular battery internal resistance; If the current state of said Vehicular battery is a stabilized conditions, then confirms the relation of SOC and open circuit voltage, and confirm the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery according to the relation of said SOC and open circuit voltage according to described temperature signal.
Particularly, described battery status judging unit comprises: electric current and voltage value acquisition module is used for a plurality of magnitudes of voltage and current value that periodicity is obtained said Vehicular battery; The one-way analysis of variance module is used for described a plurality of magnitudes of voltage and current value are carried out one-way analysis of variance; The dispersion degree judge module is used for judging according to described one-way analysis of variance result the dispersion degree of said Vehicular battery current state; The battery status judge module, if be used for dispersion degree less than predetermined value, the current state of then judging said Vehicular battery is a stabilized conditions, otherwise the current state of judging said Vehicular battery is charge condition or discharge regime; If described current value is a positive current, the current state of then judging said Vehicular battery is a discharge regime, if described current value is a negative current, the current state of then judging said Vehicular battery is a charge condition.
Above-mentioned one-way analysis of variance module is carried out one-way analysis of variance through following formula:
Wherein, X
i=ρ (kI
i+ V
i), ρ is a variance estimation coefficient, k compensating factor, I
iBe electric current, V
iBe battery box average monomer voltage, i is a sampling number.
Above-mentioned SOC currency confirms that the unit comprises: SOC changing value determination module is used for confirming the SOC changing value according to described current signal and charge or discharge time; Dynamic compensation electric weight determination module is used for confirming the dynamic compensation electric weight according to described current Vehicular battery internal resistance; SOC currency determination module is used for confirming according to said SOC initial value, SOC changing value and dynamic compensation electric weight the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery.
Above-mentioned current internal resistance determination module specifically is used for: adopt the mode of counterpropagation network adaptive model neural network to confirm current Vehicular battery internal resistance to described voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and SOC historical data.
By means of above-mentioned technical characterictic one of at least; Through confirming the current state of Vehicular battery internal resistance and Vehicular battery; Confirm the SOC currency of Vehicular battery then according to Vehicular battery internal resistance and current state; Thereby can obtain the SOC of Vehicular battery in real time, overcome and of the prior artly can't confirm the defective of Vehicular battery SOC in real time, and then can advance the development of elec. vehicle.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art; The accompanying drawing of required use is done to introduce simply in will describing embodiment below; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work property, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the diagram of circuit according to definite method of the Vehicular battery SOC of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a structural representation of confirming current Vehicular battery internal resistance according to the mode of the employing counterpropagation network adaptive model neural network of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is that open circuit voltage and the SOC of certain ferric phosphate lithium cell under 25 ℃ concerns curve of approximation;
Fig. 4 is the definite method detail flowchart according to the SOC of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the structured flowchart according to definite device of the Vehicular battery SOC of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the structured flowchart according to the battery status judging unit of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is a structured flowchart of confirming the unit according to the SOC currency of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is according to the topological diagram in the battery management system of the embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
To combine the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention below, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is carried out clear, intactly description, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills are not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the present invention's protection.
Can't when elec. vehicle is in running order, confirm Vehicular battery SOC owing to of the prior art; Thereby limited the development of elec. vehicle; Based on this, the embodiment of the invention provides definite method and the device of a kind of SOC, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is elaborated.
Embodiment one
The embodiment of the invention provides definite method of a kind of Vehicular battery SOC, and Fig. 1 is the diagram of circuit of this method, and is as shown in Figure 1, and this method comprises:
Step 101 is obtained voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and the SOC initial value of Vehicular battery;
Step 102 is confirmed current Vehicular battery internal resistance according to the voltage signal that obtains, temperature signal, current signal and SOC historical data;
Step 103, according to the current state of voltage signal that obtains and current signal judgement Vehicular battery, current state comprises charge condition, discharge regime and stabilized conditions;
Step 104 if the current state of Vehicular battery is charge condition or discharge regime, is then confirmed the SOC currency of Vehicular battery according to SOC initial value, current signal and current Vehicular battery internal resistance;
Can know by above description; Through confirming Vehicular battery internal resistance and the current state of judging Vehicular battery; Confirm the SOC currency of Vehicular battery then respectively according to Vehicular battery internal resistance and different current state; Thereby can obtain the SOC of Vehicular battery in real time, overcome and of the prior artly can't confirm the defective of Vehicular battery SOC in real time, and then can advance the development of elec. vehicle.
Above-mentioned SOC historical data is meant the SOC value with respect to the previous moment of current time, and for example, current time is the k moment, and then previous moment is meant that k-1 constantly.
The SOC initial condition comprises: battery from the off-position to the "on" position and charging and discharging state forward the transition stage of startup/off-mode to, wherein:
Battery is meant from the off-position to the "on" position: battery-driven car is transformed into mode of operation from the state of quitting work (driving engine off position), and battery-driven car starts, and the electric system on the car is started working, and supplies power to battery management system; Battery management system work is gathered battery information and is begun to carry out the calculating of SOC initial value;
Battery is meant from the transition stage that charging and discharging state forwards startup/off-mode to: automobile starting, manned, when going up a slope; Battery continuous discharge work, but when on road, waiting like red light, battery is in stable state; Discharge current is very little; Can ignore and not remember, be transition stage this moment, recomputates the SOC initial value when detecting this state.
When battery was in initial condition: BMS system and battery-driven car electrified less than in 1000 bold and unconstrained seconds time period; But the electric system closing of circuit electric current of whole battery-driven car is very little; Can be approximated to be " 0 " electric current; Battery is just started working, and polarization phenomena do not take place, and the battery of whole BMS system is in stable state; In addition; In the battery box working process; It is that battery box forwards initial condition to from charging and discharging state that a process is arranged; At this moment the very little and approximately constant of battery box internal current, the variation of voltage is very little, the SOC initial value of charging and discharging state since the change of battery electric quantity and the variation of battery behavior need recomputate.
Charging and discharging state in the embodiment of the invention is meant: battery box mode of operation, the going and quickening, states such as climbing of corresponding automobile.
In the practical implementation process; Step 101 is after obtaining the voltage signal of Vehicular battery, temperature signal, current signal; Computation of mean values voltage and calculate initial SOC respectively, that is, the calculating of initial SOC finishes and computation of mean values voltage carries out later in acquired signal.
In practical operation, the energy content of battery among the HEV (Hybrid-Electric Vehicle, mixed power plant) comes from combustion engine fully; Combustion engine occurs in combustion engine is imitated operation with higher combustion period for the process of battery charge among the HEV; This part energy through combustion engine-electrical generator-battery storage in battery, the combustion engine combustion imitate lower in (stopping the stage acceleration phase of automobile when opening time in the city); From battery, this part energy is taken out; Approach via battery-electrical motor drives automobile, because the energy in the battery is free energy fully, and this process of battery-electrical motor is not limited by Carnot's cycle efficiency; Conversion efficiency is higher than the efficient that receives the combustion engine that Carnot cycle limits far away; So in these periods, battery has replaced the work of most combustion engine, make combustion engine at these periods a lot of fuel that need not burn.Therefore; Though the energy of battery is to come from fuel and passed through several roads switching process; But energy output procedure (the non-carnot's cycle process of battery; Be 100% in theory) very efficient; Its portion of energy is stored in high in the battery and imitates under the extremely low situation this part energy efficient output fuel saving in the fuel combustion thereby imitate in fuel combustion, the free energy that the fuel that saves can produce is sent to the loss that is taken place in the process of battery more than energy by combustion engine, HEV oil-efficient principle that Here it is.In addition, battery can carry out partially recycled in brake to automobile kinetic energy, and in the traditional combustion engine car, combustion engine can't reclaim brake kinetic energy, and this part energy has worn away with the form of heat fully.Like this, comprehensive through these two kinds of fuel-efficient modes, HEV really than regular-grade gasoline car oil-efficient more.
For mixing moving and pure electric vehicle, the renewable sources of energy are arranged, the postscript regenerative brake specifically is meant the process of obtaining the energy that can use but when orthodox car braking or neutral slide, slattern.Non-hybrid vehicle is at glancing impact, and brake system is converted into heat energy with the momentum of automobile, and therefore at glancing impact, automobile " storage " kinetic energy in automobile when motion has been wasted.In the hybrid power design; The part of the automobile energy that these slattern when braking/neutral slides can be converted into electric energy through electrical motor; Electrical motor will be as electrical generator work; When making automobile brake, produce electric energy and to the hybrid power battery charge, this process of charging is in battery management system, and is collected and be used for the calculating of real-time SOC value.
For battery-driven car, adopt battery that the unique energy presentation mode of energy as automobile is provided, battery (generally be less than 30%SOC after) in certain SOC value; Need charge the battery; The SOC of process of charging also will calculate in real time, record charge capacity and the final SOC value of charging, control and measuring data simultaneously; If charge capacity or SOC value, then change the charging control policy greater than 95% or stop charging.
Particularly, the voltage signal that obtains of above-mentioned basis and current signal judge that the current state of Vehicular battery comprises: a plurality of magnitudes of voltage and the current value that periodically obtain Vehicular battery; A plurality of magnitudes of voltage and current value are carried out one-way analysis of variance; Judge the dispersion degree of Vehicular battery current state according to the one-way analysis of variance result; If it is stabilized conditions that dispersion degree, is then represented the current state of Vehicular battery less than predetermined value, otherwise the current state of Vehicular battery is charge condition or discharge regime; If current value is a positive current, then the current state of Vehicular battery is a discharge regime, if current value is a negative current, then the current state of Vehicular battery is a charge condition.
In the practical implementation process, judge that the current state of Vehicular battery promptly is that the SOC state is debated the knowledge stage, mainly adopt following mode to carry out identification: in battery management system; Gather the voltage signal of current signal and battery, and voltage signal is carried out mean value computation, real time recording is organized sampled data more; Promptly began with 0 second time; Whenever gather monomer battery voltage aviation value and battery box current signal, the equal threshold voltage V of cell at a distance from a sampling period (for example, the cycle is 5ms)
1～V
50(50 cycles are example to sample) and battery box input and output current value I
1～I
50
A plurality of magnitudes of voltage and current value are carried out one-way analysis of variance, establish: X
i=ρ (kI
i+ V
i), wherein, ρ is a variance estimation coefficient, the k compensating factor is relevant with the temperature and the internal resistance of cell, I
iBe electric current, V
iBe battery box average monomer voltage, i is a sampling number,
Wherein, X
iBe above-mentioned sampling array, σ (X) is the mean square error of monomer battery voltage and current function, is used for weighing the statistic of the dispersion degree of sampled data.
Following formula is the mean square error decision battery box initial condition in the process of moving according to adopted value,
When dispersion degree is very little, that is, system is redefined for one state, and the expression battery status is in stable state, then recomputates the SOC initial value; When dispersion degree is very big, explain that current battery still is in charging and discharging state, then system is redefined for " 0 ",, keeps the SOC initial value of original state that is, promptly in automobile starting SOC value constantly.
Carrying out when the SOC state debates knowledge, the calculating of SOC value can be carried out synchronously, can be the process of a concurrent processing;
After accomplishing the affirmation initial condition, can calculate the SOC initial value under the current state, and carry out resolving of SOC based on this, therefore in whole vehicle traveling process, probably there are several SOC initial values under different state, to calculate.That is to say that the SOC initial value can repeatedly refresh according to motoring condition in the The whole calculations process.
Below describe the calculating of SOC initial value in detail.
Above-mentionedly confirm that according to SOC initial value, current signal and current Vehicular battery internal resistance the SOC currency of Vehicular battery comprises: confirm the SOC changing value according to current signal and charge or discharge time; Confirm the dynamic compensation electric weight according to current Vehicular battery internal resistance; Confirm the SOC currency of Vehicular battery according to SOC initial value, SOC changing value and dynamic compensation electric weight.The following specifically describes the SOC currency of the Vehicular battery under different conditions.
(1) charge condition
Charging current is gathered; Resolve total electric weight Δ Q that charging increases through the algorithm that adopts time integral; And compare with the specified electric quantity of battery, obtaining electrically-charged SOC increment size, the superposition of the SOC initial value that this numerical value and last joint are mentioned is exactly the real output of SOC.
Usually, the formula of calculating SOC value is following:
Wherein, SOC
T0Be SOC initial condition value,
It is the electric current cumulant.
When charge condition, the SOC increment size generally adopts the ampere-hour measurement Law, i.e. Q=∫ Idt, but this method is not owing to consider the loss of coulombic efficiency, efficient that it is generally acknowledged current acquisition and application is 100%.In practical application, have loss, the variation of the main internal resistance of cell makes result of calculation along with the accumulated error of time can be increasing to the influence of current acquisition and application.
The embodiment of the invention is improved the ampere-hour measurement Law, has increased the internal resistance compensate component and is the dynamic recovery electric weight part that basic calculation goes out with it, thereby improved the accuracy of ampere-hour measurement Law.Particularly, the SOC computing formula after the improvement is as follows:
Wherein, SOC
tBe t SOC value constantly, I is the current time current value that system acquisition arrives, and Q is the rated capacity (comprising the decay factor with the impulse electricity times influence) of battery, IR1
tBe dynamic resistance, this dynamic resistance is because the electrochemical properties of battery, and the internal resistance of process of charging is along with electric current, temperature and current state-of-charge different and conversion.
The SOC increment that second the actual electric weight that charges into battery of expression in above-mentioned formula equality the right partly changed, the 3rd the electric weight part of representing dynamic compensation in the battery charging process.
Because the dynamically existence of internal resistance, the process of charging of battery has the loss of electric weight, thereby the electric weight that causes the ampere-hour method to calculate can not reflect the situation of the true electric weight of battery charging and discharging fully, and the internal resistance compensation term has then reflected difference between the two.
The influence that does not have to consider to discharge and recharge factors such as difference, size of current, running temperature is calculated in discharging and recharging of battery under the traditional definition.In order to overcome the shortcoming of traditional algorithm, the embodiment of the invention adopts the mode of counterpropagation network adaptive model neural network to confirm current Vehicular battery internal resistance to above-mentioned voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal.
As shown in Figure 2, the neural network of employing counterpropagation network adaptive model, k representes current time, k-1 representes previous moment.Its structure is four nodes of input layer: terminal voltage, charging and discharging currents, temperature and k-1 SOC value constantly; The centre hides node layer several border factually situation and decides generally at 10-25 node; The internal resistance of an output layer node.Adopting terminal voltage, electric current, temperature and k-1 SOC value constantly is that internal resistance mainly is influenced by it as the reason of importing node, particularly receives the influence of electric current bigger, discharges and recharges internal resistance and carries out the neural network of adaptive model respectively and resolve.
Process with neural network estimation internal resistance is: (1) obtains empirical data through experiment; (2) with the empirical data that obtains neural network is trained; (3) neural network that trains is estimated internal resistance in real time.
(2) discharge regime
Discharge current is gathered; Resolve total electric weight Δ Q that discharge increases through the algorithm that adopts time integral; And compare with the specified electric quantity of battery, obtaining electrically-charged SOC increment size, the superposition of the SOC initial value that this numerical value and last joint are mentioned is exactly the real output of SOC.
Be similar to charge condition, the SOC computing formula under the discharge regime is as follows:
Wherein, SOC
tBe t SOC value constantly, I is the current time current value that system acquisition arrives, and Q is the rated capacity (comprising the decay factor with the impulse electricity times influence) of battery, IR2
tIt is dynamic resistance.The SOC increment that second the actual electric weight that charges into battery of expression in this equality the right partly changed; The increment of this SOC is meant: electric weight is generally checked according to the charging and discharging currents of battery; In test process; T+dt is in the time period, total electric current accumulative total total amount and the ratio of battery electric weight Q in time is exactly the increment of SOC.
The 3rd the electric weight part of representing dynamic compensation in the battery charging process.IR2
tCalculating also can be with reference to the IR1 in the above-mentioned charge condition
tDescription, repeat no more at this.
(3) stabilized conditions
If the current state of Vehicular battery is a stabilized conditions, then tests the relation of SOC and open circuit voltage, and confirm the SOC currency of Vehicular battery according to the relation of SOC and open circuit voltage according to temperature signal.
The open circuit voltage test data under different temperatures, is tested collection to the characteristic curve of battery cell discharge.Fig. 3 is that open circuit voltage and the SOC of certain ferric phosphate lithium cell under 25 ℃ concerns curve of approximation, and table 1 is corresponding data sheet, has shown the battery charge state of temperature battery in the time of 25 ℃ and the relation of open circuit voltage; Wherein, ACR be pass test data calculates in test process the internal resistance of cell with the situation that state-of-charge changes, can find out by following table, under different state-of-charges; The dynamic resistance value of battery is a variable, i.e. variation with the SOC/ open circuit voltage changes.
Table 1
Open circuit voltage can calculate through following formula:
V
oc＝V
avg+IR
Wherein, V
AvgBe equal threshold voltage in the real-time counting cell case, I is an electric current, and R is the battery box internal resistance.
To the collection of battery signal, the sampling precision of voltage can reach in the 2mv, guarantees the assurance of initial state-of-charge on design accuracy of battery.
Fig. 4 is the definite method flow according to the SOC of the embodiment of the invention, and is as shown in Figure 4, and this method specifically comprises:
Step 401, the BMS energising;
Step 402 is gathered voltage signal and temperature signal according to the battery acquisition module on the battery box, and gathers the cell current signal through current sensor battery acquisition module;
Step 403 is calculated V
Avg, calculate to be used for 404 initial values;
Step 404 is calculated the SOC initial value;
Step 405 is gathered current signal, battery cell voltage signal and temperature signal;
Step 406, AH accumulation is calculated with the internal resistance compensation, wherein the AH accumulation is an electric current (unit: ampere) in the time integral of each hour, description be the electric weight of charge/discharge; SOC when this step and step 405 are mainly used in estimation discharge or charge condition;
Step 407 judges whether out of servicely, and ceasing and desisting order is to be sent by entire car controller through the CAN communication; Receive and cease and desist order then that battery management system quits work, comprise that the SOC estimation function stops, if stop; Then carry out step 410,, then carry out step 405 if do not stop;
Step 408 is constantly carried out analysis of variance with the voltage and current signal in T-n (n representes sampling instant, the n＞=50) moment according to T;
Step 409 according to The results of analysis of variance, is carried out the SOC state identification, particularly, if be judged to be stabilized conditions in the SOC state identification, then need carry out the estimation of SOC initial value again, promptly returns step 404 and carries out the calculating of SOC initial value; Not stabilized conditions, return 408 and continue to analyze battery status;
Step 410, the SOC estimation stops.
Can know by above description; Calculate, contain the ampere-hour cumulative calculation and the SOC state of internal resistance compensation through initial value and debate three parts of knowledge; Can under the elec. vehicle mode of operation, confirm SOC in real time, thereby overcome the problem that under the elec. vehicle mode of operation, to confirm SOC in real time of the prior art.
Need to prove; United States advanced battery federation (USABC) defines SOC in its " batteries of electric automobile laboratory manual ": battery is under certain discharge-rate; The ratio of rated capacity under dump energy and the same terms, that is, and SOC=Cr/Cn*100%; Wherein Cr is the dump energy of battery, and Cn is the rated capacity of battery.What this formula was described is the method for SOC Theoretical Calculation, but in embodiments of the present invention, mainly is the residual capacity of confirming the Cr battery, is the concrete Project Realization to this formula.
Embodiment two
The embodiment of the invention also provides definite device of a kind of Vehicular battery SOC, and is as shown in Figure 5, and this device comprises:
Battery information acquiring unit 501 is used to obtain voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and the SOC initial value of Vehicular battery;
Internal resistance of cell acquiring unit 502 is used for confirming current Vehicular battery internal resistance according to voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and the SOC historical data obtained;
Battery status judging unit 503 is used for the current state according to voltage signal that obtains and current signal judgement Vehicular battery, and current state comprises charge condition, discharge regime and stabilized conditions;
The SOC currency is confirmed unit 504, is charge condition or discharge regime if be used for the current state of Vehicular battery, then confirms the SOC currency of Vehicular battery according to SOC initial value, current signal and current Vehicular battery internal resistance; If the current state of Vehicular battery is a stabilized conditions, then confirms the relation of SOC and open circuit voltage, and confirm the SOC currency of Vehicular battery according to the relation of SOC and open circuit voltage according to temperature signal.
Can know by above description; Judge the current state of Vehicular battery through battery status judging unit 503; The SOC currency confirms that unit 504 confirms the SOC currency of Vehicular battery respectively according to different current states; Thereby can obtain the SOC of Vehicular battery in real time, overcome and of the prior artly can't confirm the defective of Vehicular battery SOC in real time, and then can advance the development of elec. vehicle.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 6, battery status judging unit 503 comprises:
Electric current and voltage value acquisition module 5031 is used for a plurality of magnitudes of voltage and current value that periodicity is obtained Vehicular battery;
One-way analysis of variance module 5032 is used for a plurality of magnitudes of voltage and current value are carried out one-way analysis of variance;
Dispersion degree judge module 5033 is used for judging according to the one-way analysis of variance result dispersion degree of Vehicular battery current state;
Battery status judge module 5034, if be used for dispersion degree less than predetermined value, the current state of then judging Vehicular battery is a stabilized conditions, otherwise, judge that the current state of Vehicular battery is charge condition or discharge regime; If current value is a positive current, the current state of then judging Vehicular battery is a discharge regime, if current value is a negative current, the current state of then judging Vehicular battery is a charge condition.
Preferably, one-way analysis of variance module 5032 can be carried out one-way analysis of variance through following formula:
Wherein, X
i=ρ (kI
i+ V
i), ρ is a variance estimation coefficient, k compensating factor, I
iBe electric current, V
iBe battery box average monomer voltage, i is a sampling number.
As shown in Figure 7, above-mentioned SOC currency confirms that unit 504 comprises:
SOC changing value determination module 5041 is used for confirming the SOC changing value according to current signal and charge or discharge time;
Dynamic compensation electric weight determination module 5042 is used for confirming the dynamic compensation electric weight according to current Vehicular battery internal resistance;
SOC currency determination module 5043 is used for confirming according to SOC initial value, SOC changing value and dynamic compensation electric weight the SOC currency of Vehicular battery.
Above-mentioned internal resistance of cell acquiring unit 502 specifically is used for: adopt the mode of counterpropagation network adaptive model neural network to confirm current Vehicular battery internal resistance to voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and SOC historical data.
The practical implementation process of above-mentioned each module can be participated in the specific descriptions in the foregoing description one, repeats no more here.
Fig. 8 is according to the topological diagram in the battery management system of the embodiment of the invention, and is as shown in Figure 8, and polylith battery signal acquisition module is arranged in the battery box; These modules to each the serial battery module in the battery box (parallel connection of n battery, wherein, n=1; 2; 3 ...) carrying out the collection of voltage and temperature, each battery signal acquisition module can be gathered the voltage and the temperature signal of 12 tunnel serial battery modules, and through the CAN communication bus voltage and temperature signal is sent to BMS (battery management system) control module; The BMS control module is read in the CAN data and then voltage and temperature data is changed into physical quantity; And carry out mean value computation, and the voltage of average and temperature signal are as the design conditions of SOC initial value, and the collection period of data is 5ms; Adopt the SOC-OCV method, carry out the judgement and the calculating of battery SOC initial condition; Through current sensor, the current signal of inflow and outflow battery box is gathered simultaneously, General Definition flows out the battery box electric current for just, reaches discharge current, and flowing into the battery box electric current is to bear, and is charging current; Through the acquisition of signal interface, the BMS control module changes into digital quantity with current signal as physical quantity, and as the initial conditions of AH estimation, the sampling period can be 5ms.
Through this topological diagram, and combine above-mentioned flow process shown in Figure 4, can confirm the SOC under the elec. vehicle mode of operation.
In sum; The embodiment of the invention is through judging the current state of Vehicular battery; Confirm the SOC initial value according to different current states then, consider the existence of internal resistance simultaneously, thereby estimate the SOC value exactly; Overcome and of the prior artly can't under the elec. vehicle mode of operation, confirm the problem of SOC in real time, and then promoted the development of elec. vehicle.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step that realizes in the foregoing description method can instruct relevant hardware to accomplish through program; This program can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD etc.
Above-described specific embodiment; The object of the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been carried out further explain, and institute it should be understood that the above is merely specific embodiment of the present invention; And be not used in qualification protection scope of the present invention; All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. definite method of a Vehicular battery state-of-charge SOC is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Obtain voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and the SOC initial value of said Vehicular battery;
Confirm current Vehicular battery internal resistance according to the voltage signal that obtains, temperature signal, current signal and SOC historical data;
Judge the current state of said Vehicular battery according to the voltage signal that obtains and current signal, described current state comprises charge condition, discharge regime and stabilized conditions;
If the current state of said Vehicular battery is charge condition or discharge regime, then confirm the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery according to said SOC initial value, current signal and current Vehicular battery internal resistance;
If the current state of said Vehicular battery is a stabilized conditions, then confirms the relation of SOC and open circuit voltage, and confirm the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery according to the relation of said SOC and open circuit voltage according to described temperature signal.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, judges that according to voltage signal that obtains and current signal the current state of said Vehicular battery comprises:
Periodically obtain a plurality of magnitudes of voltage and the current value of said Vehicular battery;
Described a plurality of magnitudes of voltage and current value are carried out one-way analysis of variance;
Judge the dispersion degree of said Vehicular battery current state according to described one-way analysis of variance result;
If it is stabilized conditions that dispersion degree, is then judged the current state of said Vehicular battery less than predetermined value, otherwise the current state of said Vehicular battery is charge condition or discharge regime; If described current value is a positive current, the current state of then judging said Vehicular battery is a discharge regime, if described current value is a negative current, the current state of then judging said Vehicular battery is a charge condition.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, through following formula described a plurality of magnitudes of voltage and current value is carried out one-way analysis of variance:
Wherein, X
i=ρ (kI
i+ V
i), ρ is a variance estimation coefficient, k compensating factor, I
iBe electric current, V
iBe battery box average monomer voltage, i is a sampling number.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, confirms that according to said SOC initial value, current signal and current Vehicular battery internal resistance the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery comprises:
Confirm the SOC changing value according to described current signal and charge or discharge time;
Confirm the dynamic compensation electric weight according to described current Vehicular battery internal resistance;
Confirm the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery according to said SOC initial value, SOC changing value and dynamic compensation electric weight.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, confirms that according to the voltage signal that obtains, temperature signal, current signal and SOC historical data current Vehicular battery internal resistance comprises:
Adopt the mode of counterpropagation network adaptive model neural network to confirm current Vehicular battery internal resistance to described voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and SOC historical data.
6. definite device of a Vehicular battery state-of-charge SOC is characterized in that, described device comprises:
The battery information acquiring unit is used to obtain voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and the SOC initial value of said Vehicular battery;
Internal resistance of cell acquiring unit is used for confirming current Vehicular battery internal resistance according to voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and the SOC historical data obtained;
The battery status judging unit is used for the current state of judging said Vehicular battery according to the voltage signal that obtains and current signal, and described current state comprises charge condition, discharge regime and stabilized conditions;
The SOC currency is confirmed the unit, is charge condition or discharge regime if be used for the current state of said Vehicular battery, then confirms the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery according to said SOC initial value, current signal and current Vehicular battery internal resistance; If the current state of said Vehicular battery is a stabilized conditions, then confirms the relation of SOC and open circuit voltage, and confirm the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery according to the relation of said SOC and open circuit voltage according to described temperature signal.
7. device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described battery status judging unit comprises:
Electric current and voltage value acquisition module is used for a plurality of magnitudes of voltage and current value that periodicity is obtained said Vehicular battery;
The one-way analysis of variance module is used for described a plurality of magnitudes of voltage and current value are carried out one-way analysis of variance;
The dispersion degree judge module is used for judging according to described one-way analysis of variance result the dispersion degree of said Vehicular battery current state;
The battery status judge module, if be used for dispersion degree less than predetermined value, the current state of then judging said Vehicular battery is a stabilized conditions, otherwise the current state of judging said Vehicular battery is charge condition or discharge regime; If described current value is a positive current, the current state of then judging said Vehicular battery is a discharge regime, if described current value is a negative current, the current state of then judging said Vehicular battery is a charge condition.
8. device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described one-way analysis of variance module is carried out one-way analysis of variance through following formula:
Wherein, X
i=ρ (kI
i+ V
i), ρ is a variance estimation coefficient, k compensating factor, I
iBe electric current, V
iBe battery box average monomer voltage, i is a sampling number.
9. device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described SOC currency confirms that the unit comprises:
SOC changing value determination module is used for confirming the SOC changing value according to described current signal and charge or discharge time;
Dynamic compensation electric weight determination module is used for confirming the dynamic compensation electric weight according to described current Vehicular battery internal resistance;
SOC currency determination module is used for confirming according to said SOC initial value, SOC changing value and dynamic compensation electric weight the SOC currency of said Vehicular battery.
10. device according to claim 9; It is characterized in that said current internal resistance determination module specifically is used for: adopt the mode of counterpropagation network adaptive model neural network to confirm current Vehicular battery internal resistance to described voltage signal, temperature signal, current signal and SOC historical data.
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