CN104459551A - Electric vehicle power battery state-of-energy estimation method - Google Patents
Electric vehicle power battery state-of-energy estimation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electric vehicle power battery state-of-energy (SOE) estimation method, and belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle battery management systems. According to the method, changes of battery voltage are considered in the estimation process, and the battery state and the vehicle driving range can be more comprehensively reflected compared with an existing battery state-of-charge (SOC) estimation method. The electric vehicle power battery state-of-energy estimation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) initialization, wherein a system calculates an initial SOE value according to the current battery temperature, voltage, the state before standing and the standing time; (2) circulation, wherein the system corrects a battery balance electromotive force (EMF)-SOE relation curve and the battery rated energy by collecting the battery temperature, charging/discharging multiplying power and the recorded battery using frequency. On the basis of the principle of conservation of energy, the battery energy variable quantity is calculated, the initial SOE value is utilized for calculating the SOE value at the next moment, and continuous circulation is carried out so that the SOE value can be updated in real time.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of electric automobile power battery energy state evaluation method, belong to cell management system of electric automobile technical field.
Background technology
When Global Auto industry faces the huge challenge of financial crisis and energy environment issues, Development of EV, realizes the electrification of energy source of car power system, promotes the strategic transformation of orthodox car industry, defines extensive common recognition in the world.
In current electric automobile field, electrokinetic cell is one of stored energy power source of mainly selecting of electric automobile.In order to ensure efficient, the safety of electrokinetic cell, the research and development of battery management system are particularly important.Power battery management system is used for the Real-Time Monitoring of voltage, temperature, electric current and capacity to battery, feeds back in time, and is processed, thus improves effective utilization and the life-span of battery, ensures the stable operation of whole battery system.And as the core technology in battery management system, battery charge state SOC(State Of Charge) size directly reflect battery dump energy, but this definition based on carrying capacity mode have ignored the change of battery in use voltage, and the precision of SOC estimation is general not high yet, really cannot react actual battery status and vehicle continual mileage.
For above problem, the battery power status SOE(State Of Energy that the present invention will propose based on energy mode definition).SOE estimation takes into full account the change of battery in use voltage, can the true energy state of reaction cell more accurately, thus the maximum continual mileage of effective prediction electric automobile, prevent over-charging of battery/electric discharge, extend battery, thus improve the service efficiency of battery, reduce the use cost of electric automobile.
Summary of the invention
According to the deficiency in currently available technology, in the SOE evaluation method that the present invention adopts, the state of electrokinetic cell defined from energy point of view and estimates, making up originally based on the defect that the SOC of carrying capacity mode estimates.This process simplify basis for estimation, avoid the impact of the factors such as the internal resistance of cell of complicated change and charge/discharge efficiency, improve the accuracy of electric automobile power battery energy state real-time estimation.
Object of the present invention can be realized by following technical proposal: it is characterized in that, the SOE corresponding to full for battery energy state is set as 1 by us, and the SOE corresponding to battery noenergy state is set as 0.
This evaluation method comprises the following steps: first, and system can judge the time of battery standing, if time of repose is greater than the time T of setting
0, then system reenters initialization procedure; Otherwise system can utilize last registration battery SOE value automatically, continue to perform circular flow process.
After entering initialization procedure, the temperature of system acquisition present battery, information of voltage, and by being that charging or discharge condition are revised the relation curve of battery open circuit voltage (OCV) with SOE before battery temperature, battery standing time and battery standing, then calculate initial SOE value by current open-circuit voltage values.
After entering circular flow process, first system revises battery rated energy and cell emf (EMF, Electro-Motor Force) and SOE relation curve by the current battery temperature that gathers, charge/discharge multiplying power and access times.Then, system is by the last SOE value according to initial SOE(or record) calculate cell emf corresponding to it.Finally, according to conservation of energy principle, system obtains the variable quantity of the energy content of battery by cell emf this moment and Current calculation.So, utilized the SOE value in a upper moment, calculate the SOE value of subsequent time, constantly circulate, real-time update SOE value.
Principle of work: when conservation of energy is applied in the energy dynamics SOE estimation of electrokinetic cell, as long as we accurately calculate energy variation and the gross energy of electrokinetic cell under this cond of electrokinetic cell, just can obtain the now remaining energy of electrokinetic cell and account for the ratio of gross energy, i.e. the SOE of electrokinetic cell.In the discharged condition, using the internal resistance of cell and the unification of the external circuit consumer consumption part as electric energy, now electrokinetic cell is as energy source, and its Response time just equals the terminal voltage of power consumption part, again according to electric current I now, the gross energy of time period t internal consumption just can be calculated.Under charged state, charging set is as energy source, and some consumption of the energy provided, on the internal resistance of cell, now can calculate the gross energy that really be charged into inside battery according to the electromotive force E of electrokinetic cell.According to this method, we just accurately can calculate the situation of change of the energy content of battery, more just can obtain real-time battery SOE value according to revised battery gross energy at different conditions.
Known by experiment, the open-circuit voltage OCV of electrokinetic cell raises along with the rising of battery SOE.Although there is not obvious linear relationship between the two, still can find the relation between OCV and SOE, and set up the relation curve of electrokinetic cell OCV-SOE with this.Simultaneously, because the present invention for be Ni-MH power cell, experimentally we also find that battery OCV-SOE relation curve is subject to various factors, comprise the charge/discharge state etc. before battery temperature, battery charging/discharging number of times, battery rest time, battery standing.So we calculate according to OCV the static SOE of battery time must revise according to these influence factors, the accuracy of the initial SOE value of guarantee like this, it is basic to be accurately that following SOE estimation is set up.
EMF refers to the equilibrium potential of battery, is also electromotive force, and the electric potential difference of both positive and negative polarity when namely battery is in equilibrium state, it is the physical quantity of outwardness in battery system, and wants direct acquisition, must measure under battery is in equilibrium state.Therefore, the method that the present invention adopts is: interval charge/discharge method, by battery charging/discharging certain hour, then measures the electric potential difference between battery plus-negative plate after leaving standstill the long enough time again, and using the EMF value of this potential difference values as battery.According to the characteristic of Ni-MH power cell, its time of repose is approximately 8 hours, and now battery is in equilibrium state substantially.But, we also find by experiment, the temperature of electrokinetic cell, charge/discharge multiplying power, charge/discharge state and Charge/Discharge Cycles all have certain influence to EMF-SOE curve, so must revise the influence factor of these four aspects, ensure the accuracy of EMF-SOE curve.
In the estimation of above-mentioned automobile power cell energy state, the formula that dynamic SOE estimation calculates is:
.Wherein, Q
nrepresent electrokinetic cell rated capacity, E
nrepresent electrokinetic cell rated voltage, k
trepresent battery rated capacity temperature correction coefficient, k
crepresent battery rated capacity Charge/Discharge Cycles correction factor, k
zrepresent self-discharge of battery correction factor, battery SOE(t according to t), EMF-SOE curve is utilized to calculate now corresponding electrokinetic cell electromotive force, again according to conservation of energy principle, the battery SOE in t+1 moment is calculated by energy conservation computing module, so carry out the renewal of battery SOE numerical value according to time sequencing successively, obtain the energy state that electrokinetic cell is real-time.
In the estimation of above-mentioned automobile power cell energy state, the collection point about battery temperature is all select battery electrode column.By gathering the temperature information of battery surface difference, we find that the temperature of battery electrode column is the highest, and for the consideration of security and accuracy, we are using the collection point of battery electrode column as battery temperature.
Content of the present invention compared with prior art, changes over the SOC defined in carrying capacity mode, and have employed with the SOE of energy mode definition, goes to weigh battery status from a brand-new angle.Meanwhile, the present invention is as much as possible considers the impact of various influence factor on battery power status estimation process, and revises, and possesses practicality, can better hold the time of day of battery in dynamic running process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is SOE evaluation method process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is electrokinetic cell charging and recharging model figure of the present invention.
In figure: 1, initialization procedure 2, circular flow process 3, electromotive force 4, battery module 5, the internal resistance of cell 6, power consumption module 7, external circuit equipment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, implementation process of the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 2, of the present invention main using conservation of energy principle as foundation.Electrokinetic cell in the discharged condition, using the internal resistance of cell 5 and the unified consumption part 6 as electric energy of external circuit equipment 7, now electrokinetic cell is as energy source, its electromotive force 3 just equals the terminal voltage of power consumption module 6, again according to electric current I now, the gross energy of time period t internal consumption just can be calculated.Under charged state, external circuit equipment 7 is as energy source, and battery module 4 carries out the storage of energy, and wherein a part consumes on the internal resistance of cell 5, and the energy that another part is really charged into inside battery then can calculate according to electrokinetic cell electromotive force 3.According to this method, we just accurately can calculate the change of the energy content of battery, more just can obtain real-time battery SOE value according to revised battery gross energy at different conditions.
As shown in Fig. 1, electric automobile energy state estimating method of the present invention comprises the following steps: first, and system can judge the time of battery standing, if time of repose is greater than the time T of setting
0, then system reenters initialization procedure 1; Otherwise the SOE value of battery when system can utilize stopped last time automatically, continues to perform circular flow process 2.
After system enters initialization procedure 1, the temperature of present battery, information of voltage can be gathered, and by state before battery temperature, battery standing time and battery standing, battery OCV-SOE curve is revised, then calculate initial SOE value according to current open-circuit voltage values.
System enters circular flow process 2, first can revise battery rated energy W respectively by current battery temperature, charge/discharge multiplying power and the access times gathered
eand EMF-SOE relation curve.Then, system is by the SOE value in the upper moment according to initial SOE(or record) calculate cell emf 3 corresponding to it.Again according to conservation of energy principle, system calculates the variable quantity W of the energy content of battery by electromotive force 3 this moment and current value
y.Finally, system, again by the correction of battery self discharge rate to the energy content of battery, finally, obtains the SOE(t+1 of subsequent time).So, utilized the SOE value in a upper moment, calculate the SOE value of subsequent time, constantly circulate, real-time update SOE value.
Claims (7)
1. electric automobile power battery energy state (SOE) evaluation method, it is characterized in that, SOE corresponding to full for battery energy state is set as 1 by us, and the SOE corresponding to battery noenergy state is set as 0, and this evaluation method comprises the steps:
First, system can judge the time of battery standing, if time of repose is greater than the time T of setting
0, then system reenters initialization procedure (1), otherwise system, then according to the battery SOE value of last registration, continues to perform circular flow process (2); Initialization procedure (1), the temperature of system acquisition present battery, information of voltage, and by being that charging or the relation curve of discharge condition to battery open circuit voltage OCV and SOE are revised before battery temperature, battery standing time and battery standing, then calculate initial SOE value by current open-circuit voltage values; Circular flow process (2), first system can revise battery rated energy and cell emf (EMF, Electro-Motor Force) and SOE relation curve by the current battery temperature that gathers, charge/discharge multiplying power and battery access times; Then, system is by SOE value last time according to initial SOE(or record) calculate cell emf EMF corresponding to it; Finally, according to conservation of energy principle, system obtains the variable quantity of the energy content of battery by cell emf this moment and Current calculation; So, utilized the SOE value in a upper moment, calculate the SOE value of subsequent time, constantly circulate, real-time update SOE value.
2. electric automobile power battery SOE evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when setting up electrokinetic cell OCV-SOE curve, take into full account the factor impacts such as the charge/discharge state before battery temperature, battery charging/discharging number of times, battery standing time, battery standing, and revise, improve the accuracy that static SOE estimates.
3. electric automobile power battery SOE evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the acquisition of the Response time of electrokinetic cell is the core of the method, interval charge/discharge method is adopted to obtain electromotive force herein, by battery charging/discharging certain hour, battery open circuit voltage is measured after leaving standstill the long enough time, and using open-circuit voltage values now as battery EMF value.
4. the electric automobile power battery SOE evaluation method according to claim 1 and 3, it is characterized in that: the EMF-SOE relation curve obtained by experiment, need to revise from battery Current Temperatures, charge/discharge multiplying power, charge/discharge state and Charge/Discharge Cycles four main aspects curve, ensure the accuracy of EMF-SOE curve, improve the accuracy of electrokinetic cell SOE estimation.
5. electric automobile power battery SOE evaluation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in dynamic estimation process, and the formula calculating electrokinetic cell SOE is:
, wherein, Q
nrepresent battery specified electric quantity, E
nrepresent battery rated voltage, k
trepresent battery rated capacity temperature correction coefficient, k
crepresent battery rated capacity Charge/Discharge Cycles correction factor, k
zrepresent self-discharge of battery correction factor, battery SOE(t according to t), EMF-SOE curve is utilized to obtain now corresponding electrokinetic cell Response time, and obtain the electric current I (t) of the t battery gathered by Hall element, again according to conservation of energy principle, the battery SOE(t+1 in t+1 moment is calculated by energy conservation computing module), so carry out the renewal of battery SOE numerical value according to time sequencing successively, obtain the energy state that electrokinetic cell is real-time.
6. electric automobile power battery SOE evaluation method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: about the correction of self-discharge rate, we temporarily first do not revise self-discharge rate in battery gross energy calculates, and the mistiming when obtaining new SOE value again according to upper and lower two moment is revised the carrying out of its self-discharge rate, as the equation coefficients k in claim 5
zshown in, electrokinetic cell can be avoided like this because not using for a long time, and after reusing, omit the calculating of self discharge amount, thus improve the accuracy of SOE estimation.
7. according to the electric automobile power battery SOE evaluation method described in claim 1 ~ 5, it is characterized in that: described is all select battery electrode column about battery temperature collection point.
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