CN102662148A - On-line feedback battery state of charge (SOC) predicting method - Google Patents

On-line feedback battery state of charge (SOC) predicting method Download PDF

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CN102662148A
CN102662148A CN2012101435745A CN201210143574A CN102662148A CN 102662148 A CN102662148 A CN 102662148A CN 2012101435745 A CN2012101435745 A CN 2012101435745A CN 201210143574 A CN201210143574 A CN 201210143574A CN 102662148 A CN102662148 A CN 102662148A
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CN102662148B (en
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杜海江
丑丽丽
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China Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of storage battery state of charge prediction, and discloses an on-line feedback battery state of charge (SOC) predicting method. According to the method, SOC valuation model parameters are corrected according to historical data in the on-line operating process of a storage battery. The influence of temperature, coulomb efficiency and self discharge on battery SOC is considered, basic operating parameters of the storage battery are only required to be monitored, related coefficients are corrected as long as conditions are met in the operating process of the battery, coefficient values are repeatedly corrected, and an SOC estimation result is close to a true value along time, so the accuracy is high and the storage battery SOC can be predicted on line.

Description

Online feedback type storage battery SOC prediction method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of State of Charge (SOC) prediction of a storage battery, in particular to an online feedback type SOC prediction method of the storage battery.
Background
The State of Charge (SOC) of a battery is used to describe the remaining capacity of the battery, and at present, it is relatively uniform to define the SOC from the viewpoint of electric quantity, which is defined as the ratio of the remaining capacity of the battery to the rated capacity of the battery under the same condition under a certain discharge rate, and it is an important parameter in the use process of the battery. The accurate SOC can effectively know the service state of the storage battery, manage the charging and discharging conditions of the storage battery, balance the storage battery, prevent overcharge and overdischarge and prolong the service life of the storage battery; the SOC of the storage battery for the electric automobile can accurately reflect the driving range, and a driver is reminded of when to charge or replace the battery. Therefore, estimation of SOC is a research focus for battery management. The current SOC prediction methods mainly comprise the following steps:
(1) deducing the SOC according to the change of the internal parameters of the battery, for example, the medium concentration of the lead-acid battery has the most direct relation with the SOC, but the medium concentration of the battery can not reach the balance all the time in the charging and discharging processes, and the lead-acid battery has the sealing property, so that the method is difficult to be applied to the online estimation of the SOC of the battery;
(2) the open-circuit voltage method is applied to a storage battery with the internal part reaching a balanced state, the open-circuit voltage and the SOC have a good mapping relation, but the method cannot be used for online estimation;
(3) the ampere-hour integral method is a method which is applied more at present, is simple and easy to implement, and has the basic idea that the discharge electric quantity under different currents is equivalent to the discharge electric quantity under a certain specific current, and the SOC is judged according to the residual electric quantity, but the discharge coefficient changes along with the change of a plurality of factors, so that a stable accurate value is difficult to obtain. In addition, how to consider the problems of the self-discharge and charge-discharge efficiency of the battery in the ampere-hour integration method and how to correct the problem that the SOC estimation value may seriously deviate from the actual value due to continuous accumulation of errors is the difficulty of improving the accuracy of the ampere-hour integration method;
(4) the internal resistance method is characterized in that the corresponding relation between the internal resistance of the battery and the SOC is established through tests, so that a model is required to be established to estimate the internal resistance of the battery, and the SOC is calculated according to the calculated internal resistance;
(5) the Kalman filtering method, which is recursively described by a series of mathematical formulas, uses an efficient computational method to estimate the state of the process and minimizes the estimated mean square error. The basic idea is as follows: and updating the estimation of the state variable by using the estimation value of the previous moment and the observation value of the current moment by using a state space model of the signal and the noise to obtain the estimation value of the current moment. The method needs to establish a battery model, and the establishment and the solution of the equation are complex, so that the method is difficult to be practically applied.
The most widely used at present is SOC estimation based on ampere-hour integration. The chinese patent application publication No. CN101359036A, entitled "method for determining state of charge of battery", employs a basic ampere-hour method plus a correction function phi (t) to estimate SOC, as follows:
<math> <mrow> <mi>SOC</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mi>t</mi> </munderover> <mi>i</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&tau;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d&tau;</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&phi;</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math>
wherein, the correction coefficient phi (t) is measured by the following method: by the formula
Figure BDA00001619791200022
Calculating SOC theoretical values SOC at multiple momentsTheory of thingsX represents one of a plurality of times, and the actual SOC values SOC at the plurality of times are measuredFruit of Chinese wolfberryThen, the least square method is adopted to calculate and obtain the SOC for expressionTheory of thingsAnd SOCFruit of Chinese wolfberryThe relationship between the difference of (c) and the plurality of time instants used modifies the function phi (t).
The method relies on an electrical quantity measuring device to determine an initial capacity C0The remaining or changed amount of the battery, i.e., the actual SOC values SOC at the plurality of timesFruit of Chinese wolfberryThe acquisition and the accuracy of the method both depend on an external electric quantity measuring device;
chinese patent application publication No. CN102162836, entitled "method for estimating SOC of automobile battery", determines initial capacity of battery by applying open-circuit voltage and historical result, estimates SOC by ampere-hour integration, and corrects SOC by considering various factors affecting SOC, and the compensation correction factors include:
1. the charge-discharge efficiency is corrected by adopting a table look-up method according to a Peukert empirical formula under different currents;
2. acquiring a large amount of experimental data to obtain a battery temperature coefficient in advance;
3. setting a plurality of points of battery difference according to the consistency condition of the battery, and correcting the SOC according to different difference points;
4. self-discharge of the battery, pre-estimating the self-discharge condition of the storage battery through a large number of experimental methods, and correcting through a data table look-up method;
5. aging, SOCage＝(SOC-AF)/(1-AF)，SOCageFor the age-compensated SOC value, AFIs an aging factor.
When the battery is fully charged, the SOC value is directly set to be 100%, when the SOC is obtained by an open-circuit voltage method, if the ambient temperature of the battery exceeds the working limit temperature of the battery, the SOC is 0, and a charging and discharging loop is cut off to protect the battery. The coefficient is obtained by table lookup and cannot be changed along with the service life, the aging degree and the like of the battery, the obtained coefficient cannot truly reflect the current condition of the battery along with the accumulation of time, and the accuracy is influenced; and the data in the table needs to be obtained through a large number of experiments, and the data are obtained through experiments again according to different types and combination methods of the battery pack, so that the data are difficult to realize.
The patent application "Method for Measuring SOC of a Battery in a Battery management System and the Apparatus Thereof" is also used for calculating SOC by using an open-circuit voltage-ampere-hour integration Method, wherein the open-circuit voltage is obtained by building a circuit model, and the Method has the defect that the accuracy of Battery capacity estimation depends on the accuracy of the Battery model.
In summary, the conventional ampere-hour integral correction method depends on an external device or needs a large amount of experimental data as a basis, the equipment is complex, and the coefficient cannot realize self-adaptive correction.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to improve the prediction accuracy of the SOC of the battery.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an online feedback type SOC prediction method for a storage battery, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing the working state of the storage battery into four types of full standing, discharged standing, ordinary standing and ordinary running, wherein the initial working state of the juxtaposed storage battery is ordinary running, and the full standing refers to that the storage battery reaches a floating charging condition and is kept for more than a period of time; the storage battery reaches the lower discharge limit and is kept for more than a period of time after the storage battery is completely placed and kept standing; the common standing refers to that the charging current is less than a certain value, does not meet the floating charging condition and is kept for more than a period of time, or the discharging current is less than a certain value, does not meet the discharging lower limit and is kept for more than a period of time; the states other than the above three states are normal operation;
s2, collecting the voltage U, the current I and the temperature T of the storage battery, and then entering the step S3;
s3, judging the working state of the storage battery, if the storage battery is fully charged and placed, entering step S4, if the storage battery is discharged and placed, entering step S5, if the storage battery is normally placed, entering step S6, and if the storage battery is normally operated, entering step S7;
s4, refreshing the SOC, and then entering the step S8;
s5, refreshing the SOC, and then entering the step S9;
s6, starting timing the common standing time, refreshing SOC, and judging U and U0If the difference is greater than the given value, correcting the self-discharge coefficient, and then entering step S10, wherein U is the voltage value at the current moment, and U is the current moment0The voltage value is the voltage value at the time of entering the ordinary standing;
s7, refreshing the SOC, and then entering the step S11;
s8, carrying out first state transition judgment, and then returning to the step S2;
s9, carrying out second state transition judgment, and then returning to the step S2;
s10, carrying out third state transition judgment, and then returning to the step S2;
s11, a fourth state transition judgment is made, and then the process returns to step S2.
Preferably, the step of refreshing the SOC in steps S4, S5, S6, S7 includes the steps of: judging whether the ordinary standing time is larger than a given value t5, if so, refreshing the initial capacity value SOC of the battery according to the following formula (1) by taking the current voltage value as an open-circuit voltage value0Then calculating SOC, if not, calculating SOC directly
SOC0＝f(OCV) (1)。
Preferably, in steps S4, S5, S6, S7, the SOC is calculated according to an SOC estimation model as shown in formula (2):
<math> <mrow> <mi>SOC</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>[</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>Idt</mi> <mo>]</mo> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>dis</mi> </msub> <mi>dt</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math>
wherein, K1Is the coefficient of coulombic efficiency, K2Is the temperature coefficient; k1At a standard temperature, with a standard current IBQuantity of electricity Q discharged by dischargeIBAnd discharged with different discharge current IElectric quantity of (Q)IRatio of (A to (B))2Is represented at a standard temperature TBCapacity Q of lower accumulatorTBWith capacity Q of the battery at temperature TTRatio of (a to (b), k)disIs a self-discharge coefficient, CBT1 and t represent different times for the rated capacity of the battery.
Preferably, the first state transition judgment in step S8 is judged by the following method: judging whether the current of the storage battery is larger than a given value I2And the holding time is greater than a given value t3If yes, setting the normal running state, and simultaneously judging whether the current is less than the given value I1Voltage less than given value U1And the holding time is greater than a given value t4If yes, setting the normal standing state and recording the voltage value U at the moment0And at this time t0。
Preferably, the second state transition judgment in step S9 is judged by the following method: judging whether the current of the storage battery is larger than a given value I2And the holding time is greater than a given value t3And if so, setting a normal running state.
Preferably, the second state transition judgment in step S10 is judged by the following method: judging whether the current of the storage battery is less than a given value I1And the voltage reaches the lower limit of the discharge voltage value and the holding time is more than a given value t4If yes, putting the storage battery in a standing state, finishing timing, and judging whether the current of the storage battery is greater than a given value I or not2And the holding time is greater than a given value t3If yes, setting the normal running state and ending the timing.
Preferably, the second state transition judgment in step S11 is judged by the following method:
121. judging whether the current I of the storage battery is less than I1And the holding time is greater than t2If yes, go to step 122;
122. judging whether the voltage of the storage battery reaches a float charge voltage value, if so, entering a step 123, otherwise, entering a step 124;
123. let SOC equal to 100%, (SOC)0If 100%, go to step 125;
124. judging whether the voltage of the storage battery reaches a discharge lower limit value, if so, entering a step 128, and if not, entering a step 129;
125. judging whether I is less than I for the first time1And the holding time is greater than t2If yes, go to step 126, otherwise go to step 127;
126. fully standing;
127. correcting coulomb efficiency correlation coefficient n to be corrected and positive temperature coefficient k to be correctedTStep 126 is entered;
128. let SOC equal to 0%, SOC0If equal to 0%, go to step 1210;
129. placing the reactor in a common standing state, and recording the voltage value U at the moment0And at this time t0；
1210. Judging whether I is less than I for the first time1And the holding time is greater than t2If yes, go to step 1211, if not, go to step 1212;
1211. standing the mixture;
1212. correction factor n, kTProceed to step 1211.
Preferably, the coefficients n, k are corrected in steps 127 and 1212TThe method comprises the following specific steps: when the battery firstly enters a fully-charged standing state or a fully-discharged standing state, the t is recorded00At the moment, set SOC to SOC accordingly0100% or SOC0When the sample is put into a fully-standing state or a fully-standing state again, the value is recorded as t11At the moment, set SOC to SOC accordingly0100% or SOC0When 0%, the value a in formula (7) is calculated:
<math> <mrow> <munderover> <mi>&Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </munderover> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>&Delta;t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math>
a is a calculated definite value, wherein
Figure BDA00001619791200062
Knowing n ∈ [1.15, 1.42 ]]，kT∈[0.006，0.008]Taking the minimum value in the value range of n, substituting the minimum value into the formula (7), and solving kTIf k isTWithin the range of values, refreshing n and kTIf k isTIf the minimum n value is not in the value range, the minimum n value is reinforced by a fixed step length to take the next n value, and then the n value is substituted into the formula (7) to obtain kTRepeating the above process until the appropriate k is obtainedTOr, the value of n is taken to be the maximum value.
Preferably, in the step of correcting the self-discharge coefficientRefresh k according to equation (8)disThe value:
k dis = f ( U 0 ) - f ( U ) t - t 0 - - - ( 8 )
wherein U is the current voltage value, t is the current time, U0Is the voltage value at the time of just entering the ordinary standing, t0The time immediately after entering the ordinary standing.
(III) advantageous effects
The method of the invention utilizes the historical data to correct the SOC estimation model parameters in the online running process of the storage battery, the method considers the influence of temperature, coulomb efficiency and self-discharge on the SOC of the storage battery, only needs to monitor the basic running parameters of the storage battery, corrects the related coefficients as long as the conditions are met in the running process of the storage battery, repeatedly corrects the coefficient values, and the estimation result of the SOC is closer to the true value along with the accumulation of time, thereby having high accuracy and realizing the online prediction of the SOC of the storage battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of calculating SOC;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of state transition determination 1;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of state transition determination 2;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of state transition determination 3;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of state transition determination 4;
fig. 7 is a correction coefficient flow chart.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The method utilizes historical data to correct SOC estimation model parameters, collects and stores data of current (I), voltage (U), temperature (T) and the like of all single batteries at regular time in the online operation process of the storage battery, and divides the operation process of the storage battery into four working states of full-charging and standing, discharging and standing, common standing and common operation, wherein the full-charging and standing means that the storage battery achieves a floating charging condition and is kept for more than a period of time; the storage battery reaches the lower discharge limit and is kept for more than a period of time after the storage battery is completely placed and kept standing; the common standing refers to that the charging current is less than a certain value, does not meet the floating charging condition and is kept for more than a period of time, or the discharging current is less than a certain value, does not meet the discharging lower limit and is kept for more than a period of time. In this embodiment, the full-charge standing refers to that the battery is fully charged (at this time, SOC is 100%) and is kept full for a certain period of time, the discharged standing refers to that the battery is discharged (at this time, SOC is 0%) and is kept discharged for a certain period of time, and when the battery is normally left, SOC is less than 100% and is 0% <. And (3) starting system power-on, setting the initial state to be common operation, initializing SOC, substituting the initial value of SOC estimation model parameters, and then, turning to cycle operation. And in the circulating operation process, the working state conversion of the storage battery management system is realized by analyzing the operation working condition and the data change. Wherein,
in a normal running state, refreshing an SOC value according to an SOC estimation model, and if a full-standing condition is met, setting the SOC as the SOC0＝100％，SOC0The initial capacity value of the storage battery is obtained, the SOC is the current capacity value of the storage battery, and the juxtaposition working state is full standing; if the discharging and standing condition is met, setting the SOC as the SOC0Setting the rate to be 0%, and setting the working state to be standing after the placement; and if the common standing condition is met, setting the working state as common standing.
Refreshing the SOC value under the state of full standing; refreshing the SOC value under the state of the placed and standing; and in the ordinary standing state, recording the time of the system in the ordinary standing state, refreshing the SOC value, and correcting the self-discharge coefficient when the condition of correcting the self-discharge coefficient is met.
The SOC refreshing process comprises the steps of judging the ordinary standing time of the storage battery, if the ordinary standing time is longer than the given time, measuring the voltage value of the storage battery at the moment as an Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) (open Circuit Voltage), and giving the SOC according to the system0Obtaining SOC through corresponding relation function f with OCV0Refreshing initial capacity SOC0Then, calculating the SOC according to the SOC estimation model;
and when the system meets the full standing condition or the full standing condition, correcting the coulomb efficiency coefficient and the temperature coefficient in the ampere-hour integral if certain conditions are met.
Referring to fig. 1, the method of an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
1) start of
2) Initializing SOC, giving initial values for a coulomb efficiency correlation coefficient, a temperature coefficient and a self-discharge coefficient, and setting the initial running state of the storage battery as normal running;
3) collecting the voltage U, the current I and the temperature T of the storage battery, and entering the step 4;
4) judging the working state of the storage battery, if the storage battery is fully charged and placed, entering a step 5, if the storage battery is placed and placed, entering a step 6, if the storage battery is placed and placed normally, entering a step 7, and if the storage battery is operated normally, entering a step 8;
5) refreshing the SOC, and entering step 9;
6) refreshing the SOC, and entering step 10;
7) starting timing after entering the ordinary standing time, refreshing SOC, and judging U and U0Whether the difference is greater than a given value (U is the voltage value at this moment, U)0The voltage value at the moment of just entering the ordinary standing time), and if the voltage value is met, correcting the self-discharge coefficient. Entering a step 11;
8) refreshing the SOC, and entering step 12;
9) judging the state transition 1, and returning to the step 3;
10) judging the state transition 2, and returning to the step 3;
11) judging the state conversion 3, and returning to the step 3;
12) 4, state conversion judgment, and returning to the step 3;
further, the step 5, 6, 7, 8 of refreshing the SOC includes the following processes, as shown in fig. 2: judging whether the common standing time is more than a given value t5, if so, taking the battery voltage at the moment as an open circuit voltage value according to the formula (1)
SOC0＝f(OCV) (1)
Refreshing initial capacity SOC0Then, calculating the SOC according to the SOC estimation model, and if the SOC is not satisfied, directly calculating the SOC according to the SOC estimation model; f (OCV) represents a function with OCV as a parameter.
Further, the equation (1) is obtained by an experiment, discharging at a standard current at a standard temperature, recording a plurality of open circuit voltage values, calculating a plurality of corresponding SOC values by an ampere-hour integration method, and obtaining the relation function f between SOC and OCV by a mathematical method, for example, a least square method may be used. Storing the obtained function relation into a database of the system, and obtaining the SOC by the system according to the detected open-circuit voltage value OCV in the estimation process0；
Further, the SOC estimation model is as shown in equation (2):
<math> <mrow> <mi>SOC</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>[</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>Idt</mi> <mo>]</mo> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>dis</mi> </msub> <mi>dt</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math>
wherein K1Is the coefficient of coulombic efficiency, K2Is the temperature coefficient; k1At a standard temperature, with a standard current IBQuantity of electricity Q discharged by dischargeIBAnd the quantity of electricity Q discharged by discharging with different discharge currents IIRatio of (A to (B))2Is represented at a standard temperature TBCapacity Q of lower accumulatorTBWith capacity Q of the battery at temperature TTRatio of (a to (b), k)disIs a self-discharge coefficient, CBT1, t are different times, I is the rated capacity of the batteryBThe battery is determined according to the type and manufacturer of the battery. Further, in the above-mentioned case,
Figure BDA00001619791200102
according to the Peukert equation, well known to those skilled in the art, as shown in equation (3):
In·t＝K (3)
is deformed into In-1I.t ═ K, i.e. In-1When Q is K, Q is the capacity of the battery, there are
Figure BDA00001619791200103
n is the coulombic efficiency correlation coefficient to be corrected;
Figure BDA00001619791200104
according to the known empirical formula (4) for the most widely used temperature correction:
QT＝QTB·[1+kT·(T-TB)] (4)
then there is
Figure BDA00001619791200105
Wherein TB is the standard temperature, e.g. 20 ℃, kTIs the positive temperature coefficient to be repaired; finishing to obtain a formula (5):
<math> <mrow> <mi>SOC</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>[</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </munderover> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>I</mi> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>dt</mi> <mo>]</mo> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>dis</mi> </msub> <mi>dt</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math>
if the system refreshes U, I, T every Δ t, equation (5) can be expressed as equation (6):
<math> <mrow> <mi>SOC</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <munderover> <mi>&Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </munderover> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>&Delta;t</mi> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&Sigma;k</mi> <mi>dis</mi> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>&Delta;t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math>
wherein
Figure BDA00001619791200112
Ii、TiThe current and the temperature which are newly acquired each time.
Further, in step 9, the state transition judgment 1, as shown in fig. 3, is as follows: judging whether the current of the storage battery is larger than a given value I2And the holding time is greater than a given value t3If yes, setting the normal running state, and simultaneously judging whether the current is less than the given value I1Voltage less than given value U1And the holding time is greater than a given value t4If yes, setting the normal standing state and recording the voltage value U at the moment0And at this time t0；
Further, in step 10, the state transition judgment 2, as shown in fig. 4, the judgment method is as follows: judging whether the current of the storage battery is larger than a given value I2And the holding time is greater than a given value t3If yes, setting a common running state;
further, in step 11, the state transition judgment 3, as shown in fig. 5, the judgment method is as follows: judging whether the current of the storage battery is less than a given value I1And the voltage reaches the lower limit of the discharge voltage value and the holding time is more than a given value t4If yes, putting the storage battery in a standing state, finishing timing, and judging whether the current of the storage battery is greater than a given value I or not2And the holding time is greater than a given value t3If yes, setting a common running state, and ending timing;
further, in step 12, the state transition judgment 4, as shown in fig. 6, the judgment method is as follows:
121) judging whether the current I of the storage battery is less than I1And the holding time is greater than t2If yes, go to step 122;
122) judging whether the voltage of the storage battery reaches a float charge voltage value, if so, entering a step 123, otherwise, entering a step 124;
123) let SOC equal to 100%, (SOC)0If 100%, go to step 125;
124) judging whether the voltage of the storage battery reaches a discharge lower limit value, if so, entering a step 128, and if not, entering a step 129;
125) judging whether I is less than I for the first time1And the holding time is greater than t2If yes, go to step 126, otherwise go to step 127;
126) fully standing;
127) correction factor n, kTStep 126 is entered;
128) let SOC equal to 0%, SOC0If equal to 0%, go to step 1210;
129) placing the reactor in a common standing state, and recording the voltage value U at the moment0And at this time t0；
1210) Judging whether I is less than I for the first time1And the holding time is greater than t2If yes, go to step 1211, if not, go to step 1212;
1211) standing the mixture;
1212) correction factor n, kTProceed to step 1211;
further, the correction coefficients n, k in steps 127 and 1212TReferring to fig. 7, the following process is included: when the system first enters a full standing state or a standing state after the system is placed, the system is recorded as t00At time, set SOC to SOC 0100% or SOC0When the system again enters a full standing state or a standing state after the system is completely placed, the t is recorded as11At time, set SOC to SOC 0100% or SOC0When 0%, the value a in equation (7) can be calculated:
<math> <mrow> <munderover> <mi>&Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </munderover> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>&Delta;t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math>
a is a calculated definite value, wherein
Figure BDA00001619791200122
Knowing n ∈ [1.15, 1.42 ]]，kT∈[0.006，0.008]Taking the minimum value in the value range of n, substituting the minimum value into the formula (7), and solving kTIf k isTIn the range of valuesInner, then refresh n, kTIf k isTIf the minimum n value is not in the value range, the minimum n value is reinforced by a fixed step length to take the next n value, the fixed step length can be set by self, and then the fixed step length is substituted into a formula (7) to calculate kTAnd repeating the process until the kT meeting the value range is obtained or the value of n is the maximum value.
Further, in the step of correcting the self-discharge coefficient, k is refreshed according to the formula (8)disThe value:
k dis = f ( U 0 ) - f ( U ) t - t 0 - - - ( 8 )
wherein f () represents a function of the correspondence between the open-circuit voltage and the SOC in formula (1), U is the current voltage value, t is the current time, U is the current time0Is the voltage value at the time of just entering the ordinary standing, t0The time immediately after entering the ordinary standing.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. An online feedback type SOC prediction method of a storage battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dividing the working state of the storage battery into four types of full standing, discharged standing, ordinary standing and ordinary running, wherein the initial working state of the juxtaposed storage battery is ordinary running, and the full standing refers to that the storage battery reaches a floating charging condition and is kept for more than a period of time; the storage battery reaches the lower discharge limit and is kept for more than a period of time after the storage battery is completely placed and kept standing; the common standing refers to that the charging current is less than a certain value, does not meet the floating charging condition and is kept for more than a period of time, or the discharging current is less than a certain value, does not meet the discharging lower limit and is kept for more than a period of time; the states other than the above three states are normal operation;
s2, collecting the voltage U, the current I and the temperature T of the storage battery, and then entering the step S3;
s3, judging the working state of the storage battery, if the storage battery is fully charged and placed, entering step S4, if the storage battery is discharged and placed, entering step S5, if the storage battery is normally placed, entering step S6, and if the storage battery is normally operated, entering step S7;
s4, refreshing the SOC, and then entering the step S8;
s5, refreshing the SOC, and then entering the step S9;
s6, starting timing the common standing time, refreshing SOC, and judging U and U0If the difference is greater than the given value, correcting the self-discharge coefficient, and then entering step S10, wherein U is the voltage value at the current moment, and U is the current moment0The voltage value is the voltage value at the time of entering the ordinary standing;
s7, refreshing the SOC, and then entering the step S11;
s8, carrying out first state transition judgment, and then returning to the step S2;
s9, carrying out second state transition judgment, and then returning to the step S2;
s10, carrying out third state transition judgment, and then returning to the step S2;
s11, a fourth state transition judgment is made, and then the process returns to step S2.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of refreshing the SOC in steps S4, S5, S6, S7 comprises the steps of: judging whether the ordinary standing time is larger than a given value t5, if so, refreshing the initial capacity value SOC of the battery according to the following formula (1) by taking the current voltage value as an open-circuit voltage value0Then calculating SOC, if not, calculating SOC directly
SOC0＝f(OCV) (1)。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step S4, S5, S6, S7 calculates the SOC according to an SOC estimation model as shown in equation (2):
wherein, K1Is the coefficient of coulombic efficiency, K2Is the temperature coefficient; k1At a standard temperature, with a standard current IBQuantity of electricity Q discharged by dischargeIBAnd the quantity of electricity Q discharged by discharging with different discharge currents IIRatio of (A to (B))2Is represented at a standard temperature TBCapacity Q of lower accumulatorTBWith capacity Q of the battery at temperature TTRatio of (a to (b), k)disIs a self-discharge coefficient, CBT1 and t represent different times for the rated capacity of the battery.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first state transition determination in step S8 is determined by: judging whether the current of the storage battery is larger than a given value I2And the holding time is greater than a given value t3If yes, setting the normal running state, and simultaneously judging whether the current is less than the given value I1Voltage less than given value U1And the holding time is greater than a given value t4If yes, setting the normal standing state and recording the voltage value U at the moment0And at this time t0。
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second state transition determination in step S9 is determined by: judging whether the current of the storage battery is larger than a given value I2And the holding time is greater than a given value t3And if so, setting a normal running state.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second state transition determination in step S10 is determined by: judging whether the current of the storage battery is less than a given value I1And the voltage reaches the lower limit of the discharge voltage value and the holding time is more than a given value t4If yes, putting the storage battery in a standing state, finishing timing, and judging whether the current of the storage battery is greater than a given value I or not2And the holding time is greater than a given value t3If yes, setting the normal running state and ending the timing.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the second state transition judgment in step S11 is judged by:
121. judging whether the current I of the storage battery is less than I1And the holding time is greater than t2If yes, go to step 122;
122. judging whether the voltage of the storage battery reaches a float charge voltage value, if so, entering a step 123, otherwise, entering a step 124;
123. let SOC equal to 100%, (SOC)0If 100%, go to step 125;
124. judging whether the voltage of the storage battery reaches a discharge lower limit value, if so, entering a step 128, and if not, entering a step 129;
125. judging whether I is less than I for the first time1And the holding time is greater than t2If yes, go to step 126, otherwise go to step 127;
126. fully standing;
127. correcting coulomb efficiency correlation coefficient n to be corrected and positive temperature coefficient k to be correctedTStep 126 is entered;
128. let SOC equal to 0%, SOC0If equal to 0%, go to step 1210;
129. placing the reactor in a common standing state, and recording the voltage value U at the moment0And at this time t0；
1210. Judging whether I is less than I for the first time1And the holding time is greater than t2If yes, go to step 1211, if not, go to step 1212;
1211. standing the mixture;
1212. correction factor n, kTProceed to step 1211.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the correction coefficients n, k in steps 127 and 1212 are adjustedTThe method comprises the following specific steps: when the battery firstly enters a fully-charged standing state or a fully-discharged standing state, the t is recorded00At the moment, set SOC to SOC accordingly0100% or SOC0When the sample is put into a fully-standing state or a fully-standing state again, the value is recorded as t11At the moment, set SOC to SOC accordingly0100% or SOC0When 0%, the value a in formula (7) is calculated:
Figure FDA00001619791100031
a is a calculated definite value, wherein
Figure FDA00001619791100041
Knowing n ∈ [1.15, 1.42 ]]，kT∈[0.006，0.008]Taking the minimum value in the value range of n, substituting the minimum value into the formula (7), and solving kTIf k isTWithin the range of values, refreshing n and kTIf k isTIf the minimum n value is not in the value range, the minimum n value is reinforced by a fixed step length to take the next n value, and then the n value is substituted into the formula (7) to obtain kTRepeating the above process until k satisfying the value range is obtainedTOr, the value of n is taken to be the maximum value.
9. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of correcting the self-discharge coefficient refreshes k according to equation (8)disThe value:
wherein U is the current voltage value, t is the current time, U0To enter a normal standing voltage value, t0For getting into the ordinary standing stateThe start time.
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