CN102761141B - Electric quantity correction and control method of lithium ion power storage battery - Google Patents
Electric quantity correction and control method of lithium ion power storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN102761141B CN102761141B CN201110104159.4A CN201110104159A CN102761141B CN 102761141 B CN102761141 B CN 102761141B CN 201110104159 A CN201110104159 A CN 201110104159A CN 102761141 B CN102761141 B CN 102761141B
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Abstract
The invention provides an electric quantity correction and control method of a lithium ion power storage battery. The method comprises the following steps: first, charging the lithium ion battery according to a standard charging system, periodically measuring the terminal voltage of the battery, and in measurement of the voltage, determining the electric quantity parameters of battery by using the difference voltage DELTA-VH, correcting the electric quantity of the battery, and determining the cycle index equivalent, the degree of aging or the healthy state of the battery at this time by using the terminal voltage; then, displaying the information to the user of the battery so that the user of the battery can know the current state of the battery (such as the current maximum charging capacity and healthy state of the battery); and finally, carrying out a controlled discharge process on the battery so that the battery or battery pack works at the optimal SOC interval and reaches a specified range of residual capacity. The electric quantity correction and control method of the lithium ion power storage battery provided by the invention is adapted to electric quantity management of pure electric automobiles (EV) and hybrid electric automobiles (HEV), and by using the method, the service life of the battery can be prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of correction of the electricity of lithium ion power storage battery (SOC) and control method, it is adaptable to estimation and
Amendment hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) SOC of power accumulator, so as to SOC is controlled within the scope of optimal use, it is to avoid battery
Overcharge or cross put phenomenon.Belong to chargeable lithium ion power battery technology field
Background technology
Electric motor car (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) development of accumulator cause people to high-energy and high-power electricity
Cell body system focuses more on.The factor of restriction high-energy high-power battery practical application has cell consistency of performance, high temperatures
Energy, the estimation of SOC, actual motion life-span and price etc., the estimation of wherein SOC is related to the proper use of of set of cells, affects electricity
The actual motion life-span of pond group, therefore be very important parameter.
Both at home and abroad it is proposed that the method for much measuring SOC excessively, but on actual battery is used, due to use environment (electric discharge
Multiplying power, temperature etc.) polytropy and battery chemical characteristic itself change (aging, self discharge etc.) so that estimation SOC become non-
It is often complicated.The time (ampere-hour integration method) that electric current is used with it that some devices attempt to be flowed out from battery by measurement is estimated to remain
Remaining electricity.However, this method fails to consider that the natural electric discharge of battery and the longer battery of use time can not charge
To the 100% of its rated capacity.Therefore, occur in that the method for being aided with amendment on the basis of ampere-hour integration method estimates the side of SOC
Method.The method for now first illustrating conventional auxiliary estimation SOC, then points out its limitation.
The auxiliary revision method used on the basis of using ampere-hour integration method, substantially there is two categories below.
First, discharging condition look-up table
SOC relation table of the battery in different discharge voltages, electric current and temperature is obtained with experimental technique, when real system with
Battery can table look-up according to the discharge voltage of battery, electric current and temperature when being power supply and learn residual capacity.Have the disadvantage to do a large amount of realities
Test, while not accounting for the impact of circulating battery number of times and self discharge to SOC.
2nd, internal resistance correction method
To test the internal resistance of cell that the measurement internal resistance of cell can be obtained with temperature and the relation of residual capacity, system according to measurement
Amendment SOC.Because internal resistance reflects the factor of cell degradation, therefore relative estimation result is more accurate.But accurate measurement internal resistance is not
Easily, the program of discharge and recharge is easily disturbed.
For lithium ion battery, using open circuit voltage method can by the open-circuit voltage for measuring according to the open-circuit voltage of battery-
SOC curves directly obtain corresponding SOC, but the method has three.
(1) due to the concordance of cell, the discharge curve of each battery is slightly different, especially for set of cells
The weaker battery of middle power characteristic, easily causes to overcharge and cross and puts with the method estimation SOC.
(2) battery especially gentle for discharge curve, such as with lithium ion battery made by some electrode materials, open circuit
Voltage measurement error can cause very big SOC estimation errors.
(3) battery open circuit voltage obtain need battery standing considerable time, battery is not if time of repose is oversize
Can normally use, time of repose is too short, battery can not reach stable open-circuit condition, cause estimation result to have very big deviation.
Further, since HEV electrokinetic cells Jing is often in the use environment of frequent discharge and recharge, therefore the SOC of battery will be stayed
There is the surplus of discharge and recharge, it is to avoid super-charge super-discharge；And make the SOC of battery stably be also beneficial to extend the battery longevity 50% or so
Life.
In sum, a variety of weak points for existing for the SOC electricity correction in existing report and control method, this
It is bright to intend providing a kind of correction and control method, to overcome the shortcomings of that prior art is present.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of electricity correction of lithium ion power storage battery and control method, it is characterised in that it is with filling
Electricity cut-off difference voltage DELTA-VH amendment battery electric quantity (SOC) upper limit correction and control method, with charging and discharging currents, when
Between, the difference voltage of battery temperature and battery terminal voltage determine the electrical parameter of battery, when charge cutoff difference voltage reaches
During a certain limit value, i.e. difference voltage data base determination battery electric quantity now is looked into during difference blanking voltage DELTA-VH, so as to
The current electric quantity of correction battery.According to battery terminal voltage, the cycle-index equivalent that blanking voltage data base judges now battery is looked into
Or degree of aging or health status.Charge cutoff difference voltage DELTA-VH is referred to and for a regulation charging current to be applied to battery
In, the cycle gathers the terminal voltage of battery, and in the period 1 the first terminal voltage is gathered, and in second round the second terminal voltage is gathered, from
The difference voltage for deducting the first terminal voltage in second terminal voltage to determine.The cycle refers to a sampling period of data, or
Person's multiple sampling periods.Using charge cutoff difference voltage as the index of inquiry table (difference voltage data base), therefrom obtain
Described electrical parameter.Using the second terminal voltage as the index of inquiry table (blanking voltage data base), therefrom obtain described
Cycle-index equivalent or degree of aging or health status.Described electrical parameter is on the operating curve and operating curve of battery
Point, wherein cycle-index equivalent refers to the equivalent value of the charge and discharge cycles number of times that battery or set of cells are used, and charges with battery
Second terminal voltage of cut-off is relevant.Then by this presentation of information to user so as to user know battery maximum capacity and
Current electricity.User makes the battery wise judgement whether enough for the project that it is planned.Can also pass through
One controlled discharge process makes SOC be adjusted to the best effort interval of HEV batteries.Can also be by the electrical parameter output to separately
Such as afterwards SOC estimates to realize volume control during one.
Determine using the second terminal voltage battery or set of cells cycle-index equivalent, degree of aging or health status it is concrete
Implementation steps are as follows：
1) first by battery with the charging of standard charging system, the terminal voltage of control circuit period measurement battery, a week is selected
The battery terminal voltage that phase measures is designated as the first terminal voltage, and the battery terminal voltage for measuring in the second cycle is designated as the second terminal voltage,
The first terminal voltage is removed from the second terminal voltage is worth to difference voltage DELTA-L, until difference voltage DELTA-L reaches filling
Till electricity cut-off difference voltage DELTA-VH, remember that the second terminal voltage now is VH.The cycle refers to a sampling of data
Cycle, or multiple sampling periods.The standard charging system is certain charging system determined according to concrete application conditions, by
One temperature value and a rate of charge value composition, it is general desirable 25 DEG C, (X takes 1,2,3 ...) is charged with XC multiplying powers.It is described to fill
The concrete numerical value of electricity cut-off difference voltage DELTA-VH is determined by the characteristic of battery or set of cells, provided by battery producer.
2) according to the second terminal voltage, the electricity under standard charging system is obtained by the method tabled look-up in blanking voltage data base
Pond or the capacity Q of set of cells0With battery or set of cells cycle-index n now or cycle-index equivalent n ', and current SOC is corrected
For 100%.The standard charging system is certain charging system determined according to concrete application conditions, by a temperature value and one
Individual rate of charge value composition, it is general desirable 25 DEG C, (X takes 1,2,3 ...) is charged with XC multiplying powers.The cycle-index equivalent n ' is
Refer to the equivalent value of the charge and discharge cycles number of times that battery or set of cells are used, the second terminal voltage V with battery charge cutoffHIt is relevant,
The relation is determined in advance by experiment or is obtained by the data of battery producer offer, and is stored in blanking voltage data base.It is described
Capacity Q0Only relevant with cycle-index n or cycle-index equivalent n ' and charging system, the relation is determined or by electricity in advance by experiment
The data that pond producer provides are obtained.
3) with the electric discharge of standard discharge system, electricity Q is released so that SOCH＞ SOC ＞ SOCL.The standard discharge system is
According to certain discharge system that concrete application conditions are determined, it is made up of a temperature value and a discharge-rate value, it is general desirable
25 DEG C, with 1C multiplying power dischargings.The electricity Q is calculated by formula Q=∫ Idt.The SOC is defined as SOC=(1-Q/Q0)*
100%.The SOCHAnd SOCLIt is respectively the interval upper and lower bound of the best effort of HEV electrokinetic cells, typically can use SOCH
=70%, SOCL=30%.The concrete numerical value of SOC typically can be taken as (SOCH+SOCL)/2。
4) step 1) to step 3) constitute a complete SOC correction and control process.
5) when driving the SOC under standard discharge and recharge system can at any time be learnt by ampere-hour integration method.Electric discharge
Lower limit is by discharge cut-off voltage VLControl.Discharge cut-off voltage VLConcrete numerical value determined by the characteristic of battery or set of cells,
It is general to be provided by cell production companies.
If 6) driver has found that when driving SOC is usually up to discharge and recharge bound, illustrate through a period of time
Use, average SOC had deviated from that best effort is interval, can now start described SOC trimming processes and be modified, adjust
It is whole.
The present invention has several different embodiments.These embodiments include for a regulation charging current being applied to battery
In, the cycle gathers the terminal voltage of battery.The first terminal voltage is gathered in the period 1, in second round the second terminal voltage is gathered, from
The first terminal voltage is deducted in second terminal voltage to determine difference voltage, looks into difference voltage data base to determine using the difference voltage
The electrical parameter of the battery, and export the electrical parameter.Another kind of embodiment is to measure the first terminal voltage in the period 1,
Second round measures the second terminal voltage, and using the second terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage the difference voltage of the first terminal voltage is deducted,
Difference voltage data base is looked into using the difference voltage and determine the electrical parameter of battery, and export the electrical parameter.
Another kind of embodiment is that the charging current of a regulation is applied in battery, and the cycle gathers the terminal voltage of battery.
Select a cycle to measure the first terminal voltage of the battery in many sampling periods, in the ensuing sampling period one is selected
Second terminal voltage of the individual period measurement battery.The first terminal voltage is deducted from the second terminal voltage to determine difference voltage, is applied
The difference voltage looks into difference voltage data base and determines the electrical parameter of the battery, and exports the electrical parameter.Another kind is implemented
Example is to select a cycle to measure the first terminal voltage of the battery in many sampling periods, is selected in the ensuing sampling period
The second terminal voltage that a cycle measures the battery is selected, using the second terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage the first terminal voltage is deducted
Difference voltage, by looking into difference voltage data base the electrical parameter of battery is determined, and exports the electrical parameter.
In sum, the present invention provides a kind of electricity correction and the control method of lithium ion power storage battery.First, to lithium
Ion battery utilizes difference voltage with the charging of standard charging system, the terminal voltage of period measurement battery in measurement voltage
DELTA-VH determines the electrical parameter of battery, corrects the electricity of battery, judges that the cycle-index of now battery is worked as using terminal voltage
Amount, degree of aging or health status.Then the user by these presentation of information to battery knows electricity so as to the user of battery
The current state (the current maximum charge capacity and the health status of battery of such as battery) in pond.Again by battery through one
Individual controlled discharge process makes battery or set of cells be operated in optimal SOC intervals and reach the residual capacity scope specified.This
The bright managing electric quantity for being suitable for pure electric automobile (EV) and hybrid-electric car (HEV), can prolong the service life of battery.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 show the preferred embodiment of the circuit for implementing the present invention.
How Fig. 2 is shown using parameter determination electrical parameters such as battery current, terminal voltage, temperature.
Charging curve (a) and the charging curve (b) during room temperature (25 DEG C) when Fig. 3 is 55 DEG C of 55Ah lithium ion batteries.
Specific embodiment
In order to be able to make advantages of the present invention and effect find full expression, with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to the present invention's
Substantive distinguishing features and significant progress are further described.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 show the preferred embodiment of the circuit for implementing the present invention.Circuit 17 includes display 12, charge-discharge circuit
16th, electric voltage observation circuit 13, current monitoring circuit 15, temperature observation circuit 14 and one have microprocessor, memorizer, determine
When device, enumerator etc. main controller circuit.Specific implementation method is as follows：
1) first will in conventional manner connect between battery 18 and charge-discharge circuit 16；
2) will include between a single-chip microcomputer or the control circuit 11 and charge-discharge circuit 16 of similar chip in conventional manner again
Connection；
3) parameter devices such as electric voltage observation circuit 13, current detection circuit 15 are included between battery 18 and control circuit 11
Conventional connection, can also increase the parametric circuits such as monitoring temperature 14 and show the conventional connection of the equipment 12 of SOC numerical value；
4) using parameters such as voltage detected in battery charging process, electric currents, battery is calculated and corrected with single-chip microcomputer
Or upper limit SOC of set of cells, and SOC is adjusted in the best effort of HEV batteries interval by a controlled discharge process.
Embodiment 2
How Fig. 2 is shown using parameter determination electrical parameters such as battery current, terminal voltage, temperature.Specific implementation method
It is as follows：
1) the first terminal voltage that difference voltage computing device 205 is measured in period 1 receiving voltage detection means 202,
The second terminal voltage that second round receiving voltage detection means 202 is measured, two measure the cycles of record of period time set 203
Time interval, the size of the surveying record charging current of current sensing means 204；
2) value of the first terminal voltage is removed from the second terminal voltage, difference voltage DELTA-L is obtained；
3) the cut-off difference voltage that will be recorded or pre-set in difference voltage DELTA-L and threshold values device for limiting 201
DELTA-VH compares, if DELTA-L >=DELTA-VH, threshold voltage recording equipment 209 records the second terminal voltage now
For VH, and the correction of SOC correcting units 208 battery SOC value now is 100%；
4) V that cycle-index computing device 207 is recorded according to blanking voltage data base 206 and 209H, calculate cycle-index n
Or cycle-index equivalent n '；
5) cut-off difference voltage DELTA-VH in threshold values device for limiting 201 is big according to periodic intervals and charging current
It is little to look into difference voltage data base 211 and obtain；
6) again by battery with the electric discharge of standard system, 203 and 204 record discharge times and size of current, electric quantity metering device
210 calculate battery releases electricity, makes battery SOC be adapted to best effort interval.
Embodiment 3
Fig. 3 (a) and (b) list the charging curve of 55 DEG C of 55Ah lithium ion batteries, 25 DEG C of charging curve room temperature, and these are bent
The difference voltage of line is provided by production lithium ion battery producer.
The present invention great advantage be that battery can be allowed to always work within the scope of optimal SOC, by being slightly offset with
Shi Qidong makeover process, can extend the service life of electrokinetic cell, be particularly suitable for the managing electric quantity of HEV electrokinetic cells.
Claims (10)
1. the electricity bearing calibration of a kind of lithium ion power storage battery, it is characterised in that：With charging and discharging currents, time, battery temperature
The difference voltage of degree and battery terminal voltage determines the electrical parameter of battery, when charging difference voltage reaches charge cutoff difference electricity
During pressure DELTA-VH, difference voltage data base determination battery electric quantity now is looked into, so as to correct the current electric quantity of battery；Described
Charge cutoff difference voltage DELTA-VH refers to and a regulation charging current is applied in battery that the end of cycle collection battery is electric
Pressure, in the period 1 the first terminal voltage is gathered, and in second round the second terminal voltage is gathered, and from the second terminal voltage first end is deducted
Voltage is come the difference voltage that determines；The cycle refers to a sampling period of data, or multiple sampling periods；
By battery with the charging of standard charging system, the terminal voltage of control circuit period measurement battery, select what a cycle was measured
Battery terminal voltage is designated as the first terminal voltage, and the battery terminal voltage for measuring in the second cycle is designated as the second terminal voltage, from the second end
The first terminal voltage is removed in voltage is worth to described difference voltage.
2. bearing calibration as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
1. described difference voltage data base refer to specified charging current, at a temperature of, SOC reaches certain particular value, charge cutoff
Difference voltage data base；
2. described difference voltage obtains described electrical parameter as inquiry table from the index of difference voltage data base.
3. bearing calibration as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the described cycle refers to a sampling period of data, or
Person's multiple sampling periods.
4. bearing calibration as claimed in claim 1, wherein described electrical parameter is also including the operating curve of described battery；
With the operating point on the operating curve of battery.
5. a kind of electric quantity controlling method of lithium ion power storage battery, it is characterised in that use charge cutoff voltage difference voltage
Corresponding second terminal voltages of DELTA-VH judge circulating battery number of times equivalent or degree of aging or health status, and control battery or
Set of cells is operated in the interval methods of optimal SOC, including：
A) according to the second terminal voltage of charge cutoff, obtained in standard charging system by the method tabled look-up in blanking voltage data base
The capacity Q of the lower battery of degree or set of cells0With battery or set of cells cycle-index n now or cycle-index equivalent n ', and correct
Current SOC is 100%；
B) with the electric discharge of standard discharge system, electricity Q is released so that SOCH>SOC>SOCL, described SOCHAnd SOCLIt is respectively HEV
With the upper and lower bound that the best effort of electrokinetic cell is interval；
Described cycle-index equivalent refers to the equivalent value of the charge and discharge cycles number of times that battery or set of cells are used, and charges with battery
Second terminal voltage VH of cut-off is relevant, and is determined by experiment in advance or the data that provided by battery producer are obtained, and is stored in and cuts
Only in voltage data storehouse.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the standard charging system is to be determined according to concrete application conditions
Certain charging system, it is made up of a temperature value and an XC rate of charge value, and typical temperature takes 25 DEG C, and multiplying power charges
Middle X takes 1,2,3 ....
7. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：
1. the cycle-index equivalent n ' refers to the equivalent value of the charge and discharge cycles number of times that battery or set of cells are used, and fills with battery
Second terminal voltage V of electricity cut-offHRelevant, the relation is determined in advance by experiment or is obtained by the data of battery producer offer, and is deposited
Storage is in blanking voltage data base；
2. the capacity Q0It is only relevant with cycle-index n or cycle-index equivalent n ' and charging system, provided by battery producer in advance
Data obtain.
8. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the SOC is defined as SOC=(1-Q/Q0) * 100%.
9. the method as described in claim 6, it is characterised in that SOCH=70%, SOCLThe occurrence of=30%, SOC is (SOCH
+SOCL)/2。
10. the method as described in claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that start according to the service condition of battery by driver
Trimming process, to correct the battery SOC of off-target operation interval.
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| CN201110104159.4A CN102761141B (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2011-04-25 | Electric quantity correction and control method of lithium ion power storage battery |
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