CN105738828B - A kind of battery capacity accurately measures method - Google Patents
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- CN105738828B CN105738828B CN201610204638.6A CN201610204638A CN105738828B CN 105738828 B CN105738828 B CN 105738828B CN 201610204638 A CN201610204638 A CN 201610204638A CN 105738828 B CN105738828 B CN 105738828B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010291 electrical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of battery capacities to accurately measure method, the residual capacity initial value of battery, i.e. SOC initial values are obtained by dynamic resistance method first, then judge this SOC value whether setting 5 parameter sections, in corresponding parameter section, accurate SOC value is obtained according to corresponding method；Include current integration method and mechanics parameter method etc. accordingly.Present invention synthesis use mechanical characteristic and SOC value must be related to, Current integrating method and dynamic resistance method, the shortcomings that avoiding in three kinds of methods each so that result is accurately credible.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to apparatus for battery capacity measurement technical field, more particularly to a kind of battery capacity accurately measures method.
Background technology
With the continuous consumption of the energy, new energy technology have become the new era there is an urgent need to technology, and battery technology
Also it is evolving, in battery technology, remaining capacity (being also state of charge, i.e. State of Charge) of battery is estimated
A vital technology at last, the state of every batteries can be fully understood by obtaining accurate SOC value, so as to maximum
The efficiency of electrochemical cell group.
At present it is existing measure battery capacity the with good grounds coulomb value estimated capacity of method Current integrating method and be based on
The method that battery open circuit voltage calculates residual capacity.
In actually measuring, even for the battery of same type, due to the difference of measuring condition etc. cause coulomb value or
Person's open-circuit voltage has differences, to bring error to measurement capacity.
Number of patent application provides a kind of battery capacity calculating method for the patent of CN200710089847, including：With reference to
Discharge curve calculates step, for obtaining the discharge curve as reference；Correction voltage calculates step, for passing through cell resistance
Element corrects battery measurement voltage (V1), to obtain correction voltage (V)；And calculation of capacity step, for utilizing correction electricity
It presses (V), discharge capacity of the cell is calculated according to the discharge curve as reference.Calculation of capacity step includes that deterioration index calculates step
Suddenly, it is used to as the capacity caused by cell degradation reduce ratio calculation degradation in capacity index (S).Utilize correction voltage (V) root
The discharge capacity calculated according to the discharge curve as reference is further multiplied with degradation in capacity index (S), holds to calculate electric discharge
Amount.Although the method avoids the error that cell degradation is brought to measurement, but still use and measure cell voltage calculating
The method of residual capacity, accuracy is not still high, and affected by environment larger.
And number of patent application provides a kind of battery capacity evaluation method for the patent of CN201310652648, including, lead to
Overcurrent integrates and tables of data inquiry two ways assesses battery capacity, although precision is higher, but is to use
The method of electricity is measured and is estimated, still more accurately can not be obtained the value of SOC and is affected by extraneous factor,
Robustness is poor.
Invention content
The technology of the present invention solution：It overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of battery capacity and accurately measures method,
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of battery capacity accurately measures method, is obtained first by dynamic resistance method
To the residual capacity SOC value of battery, then judge this SOC value whether setting 5 parameter sections, in corresponding parameter section, root
Accurate SOC value is obtained according to corresponding method；5 parameter sections include 4 parameters, and 4 parameters are c1,c2,c3,c4, 0 ＜ c1＜
c2＜ c3＜ c4＜ 1；In corresponding parameter section, the process that accurate SOC value is obtained according to corresponding method is specific as follows：
(1) as SOC value ＜ c1When, battery capacity SOC is calculated using current integration method；
(2) work as c1≤ SOC value ＜ c2When, using the two method weightings of current integration method and mechanics parameter method, calculates battery and hold
Measure SOC；
(3) work as c2≤ SOC value ＜ c3When, using mechanics parameter method, calculate battery capacity SOC；
(4) work as c3≤ SOC value ＜ c4When, using the two method weightings of current integration method and mechanics parameter method, calculates battery and hold
Measure SOC；
(5) work as c4When≤SOC value≤1, battery capacity SOC is calculated using current integration method.
The formula that the dynamic resistance method obtains SOC value is as follows：
Wherein：SOCnFor the initial value of the SOC at current time, anowAnd bnowFor intermediate variable,
aoriginAnd boriginFor battery manufacture parameter；Δ(Δr)nFor the difference of two neighboring moment dynamic electric resistor average value,
Δ (Δ r) n=rAvg, n-rAvg, n-1
rnFor current time dynamic electric resistor, rn-1For previous moment n-1 dynamic electric resistors, rn-2For relative to rn-1Previous moment
Dynamic electric resistor, ravg,nFor current time dynamic electric resistor average value, Δ V, Δ I are respectively cell voltage variable quantity and curent change
Amount；ravg,n-1For previous moment dynamic electric resistor average value, calculation formula and ravg,nIt is identical；
Δ(ΔSOC)n=Δ SOCn-ΔSOCn-1
Current time total electricity changes：
CratedFor the size of current of discharge off in 1 hour, InFor current time current value, In-1For previous moment electric current
Value.
The c2Take 0.2, c3Take 0.65, c1Take 0.1, c4Take 0.75.
It is as follows using current integration method battery capacity SOC in (1) and (5)：
Wherein：SOCnaFor current time battery capacity, SOCn-1For the SOC value of previous moment, C is corresponding when being SOC=1
Battery capacity；
ΔCnThe electric quantity change value at current n moment, I are discharged to by the n-1 moment for batterynFor current time current value, In-1
For previous moment current value.
Using the two method weightings of current integration method and mechanics parameter method in (2) and (4), battery capacity SOC is calculated
It is as follows：
SOCn=γ SOCnε+(γ-1)SOCna
Wherein, SOCnFor current time battery capacity, γ is the battery capacity weight using mechanics parameter method, and (γ -1) is
Using the battery capacity weight of current integration method,
εnFor theoretical strain value, ε corresponding to SOCnWith SOCnεBetween relationship：
SOCnε=f1 -1(εn)
εn=f1(SOCnε)
SOC value process is calculated by dynamic resistance method in (1) and obtains initial residual dependent variable：
Circulation time is wherein set in dynamic resistance method as n1,Refer to that cycle-index is n1The theoretical strain at moment
Value, εreFor dynamic resistance method cycle-index n1Actual measurement strain at the end of moment, theoretical strain value εnWith actually measured strain value ε
Between relationship：
ε=εn+Δε
Therefore：
Therefore SOCnε=f1 -1(εn)=f2(ε)。
It is as follows using mechanics parameter method calculating battery capacity SOC in (3)：
SOCnε=f1 -1(εn)=f2(ε)
Wherein SOCnεFor current time battery capacity, ε=εn+ Δ ε, ε are actually measured strain value, εnIt is strained for theory
Value, overstrain amountCirculation time is set in dynamic resistance method as n1,Refer to that cycle-index is n1When
Theoretical strain value, εreFor dynamic resistance method cycle-index n1When at the end of actual measurement strain.
The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are that：
(1) comprehensive relationship, Current integrating method and the dynamic resistance method for using mechanical characteristic and SOC value of the present invention, keeps away
The shortcomings that having opened in three kinds of methods each so that result is accurately credible.
(2) dynamic resistance method is used to seek initial value, compensates for the shortcomings that Current integrating method cannot seek initial value；
(3) battery mechanical property and the relationship of SOC are used, as a result of the method for mechanics, compared with electrical method error
It is small so that SOC value is accurately credible, and robustness is good；
(4) weighted average is used to having carried out transition using the method and Current integrating method of mechanical property so that result
It tallies with the actual situation, and transition is steady.
(5) transition processing is used so that the variation of SOC value tallies with the actual situation, and transition is steady.
(6) remaining capacity of battery can be measured in real time, and it is convenient to measure.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is implementation flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is dynamic electric resistor calculating process figure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is battery strain and the relationship between battery capacity and temperature；
Fig. 4 is battery strain rebound；
Fig. 5 is the matched curve of strain and SOC relationship.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention obtains the initial value of SOC by dynamic resistance method first, is then judged, judges this SOC value in what model
In enclosing, accurate SOC value is then obtained according to corresponding method.
Present invention incorporates current integration method, dynamic resistance method (State-of-charge and state-of-health
Estimation for lithium-ion batteries based on dynamic impedance technique) and
Mechanics parameter method (Fast and slow ion diffusion processes in lithium ion pouch cells
During cycling observed with fiber optic strain sensors) three kinds of methods.
Wherein dynamic resistance method is the current-voltage information for monitoring battery in real time using Current Voltage sensor, calculates electricity
The differential resistance values in pond, and utilize the quadratic relation of the dynamic electric resistor and battery capacity (SOC) obtained by lot of experimental data
Model, calculates real-time battery capacity value, and this method has monitoring in real time, influenced by extraneous factors such as temperature it is smaller, can be with
Oneself calculates the advantages that battery capacity initial value.
Current integration method is directly to use integrated current over time, calculates battery capacity with this, current integration method has simple
Reliably, the advantages that being easy is calculated, the disadvantage is that with time integral, cumulative errors can be increasingly caused by the extraneous factors such as temperature
Greatly.
Current integration method and dynamic resistance method comparative maturity, mechanics parameter method are that a kind of battery capacity that comparison is new is estimated
Calculation method.It is that battery strain and battery capacity can be obtained, between temperature and charging current by lot of experimental data first
Relationship see Fig. 3, Fig. 3 abscissa SOC, ordinate is strain, indicates the pass of battery strain and SOC under different temperatures and electric current
System, while after charging finishes, resting batteries, the strain of battery, which can be sprung back, sees Fig. 4, Fig. 4 abscissas are the time, indulge and sit
It is designated as straining, indicate under different SOC values, the size of battery strain rebound amount, springback capacity and battery capacity and time have
Relationship.Analysis finds that the influence that temperature and charging current strain battery is minimum when battery capacity is between 0.2 to 0.65,
It can ignore.Simultaneously inside this section, the springback capacity of battery strain is minimum, can also ignore, therefore, take 0.2 to arrive
Point on 0.65 section, which is fitted, sees Fig. 5, and Fig. 5 abscissas are SOC value, and ordinate is strain, indicates that SOC value is arrived 0.2
When between 0.65, the correspondence between SOC and strain has obtained the relationship (ε between battery capacity and battery strainnIt indicates
Battery strains, and SOC indicates battery capacity)：
εn=54.65-46.51cos (4.41SOC) -25.19sin (4.41SOC) -26.24cos (8.82SOC)
+28.53sin(8.82SOC)+11.52cos(13.23SOC)+7.88sin(13.23SOC)
+6.684cos(17.64SOC)-3.328sin(17.64SOC)
To bibliography (Fast and slow ion diffusion processes in lithium ion pouch
Cells during cycling observed with fiber optic strain sensors) in data analyzed
After find, for battery capacity when between 0.2 to 0.65, the influence that temperature and charging current strain battery is minimum, can neglect
Slightly, while the springback capacity of this section battery strain is minimum, also can be ignored, therefore by c2Take 0.2, c30.65 is taken, c is made2~c3As power
Learn parametric method application range；c1~c2、c3~c4For the transition zone of current integration method and mechanics parameter method, c is now tentatively drafted1=
0.1, c4=0.75, optimal value will be obtained by testing further verification.
Therefore battery capacity can be found out using battery strain is measured.Mechanics parameter method is a kind of mechanical method,
Precision is higher than electrical method.In the present invention, battery capacity initial value is sought using dynamic resistance method, is arrived in battery capacity 0.2
0.65 section mechanics parametric method.
According to the experiment several parameters of initial setting up：
Vmax, the maximum voltage (rated value) when lithium battery is full electric；
Vmin, lithium battery be discharged after minimum voltage (rated value)；
n1, dynamic resistance method cycle-index；
aorigin, borigin, battery manufacture parameter；
anow, bnow, the parameter of different moments in dynamic resistance method calculating process.
γ weights weight；
c1, c2, c3, c4, judge to be calculated using which kind of method；Battery capacity constant.
0 ＜ c1＜ c2＜ c3＜ c4＜ 1
Tentatively draft：c1=0.1, c2=0.2, c3=0.65, c4=0.75.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is implemented as follows：
1) cell voltage, current information are read from battery management system.
2) compare this moment voltage V and setting value Vmax, VminSize,
If V >=VmaxOr V≤Vmin, illustrate that electricity is filled with or discharged.
3) comparison loop frequency n and constant n1Size：
If 0≤n≤n1, capability value C is solved using dynamic resistance method shown in Fig. 2n：
When i.V ≠ 0, compare this moment current value and last moment current value and voltage value, if changing, i.e. In-1-In
≠ 0 or
Vn-1-Vn≠ 0 is continued, and otherwise this cycle terminates；V=0 exits this cycle；
Calculate this moment dynamic electric resistor：
Take this moment dynamic electric resistor average value：
Calculate the difference of dynamic electric resistor average value：
Δ(Δr)n=Δ rn-Δrn-1
Calculate the variation of this moment total electricity：
Δ(ΔSOC)n=Δ SOCn-ΔSOCn-1
Calculate the value of this moment parameter a and b：
Calculate this moment battery capacity：
Store this moment battery status.
4) judge whether circulation time n is equal to n at this time1：
It is that the Relation acquisition between current time theory strain value and SOC can be obtained by above-mentioned mechanics parameter method calculation formula
Strain regime this moment：
To check strain variation, overstrain amount is obtained：
Δ ε=εre-εn
Using this overstrain amount as the constant of mechanics parameter method application obscure portions；
Otherwise, battery status is exported to display.
If 5) n ＞ n1, it calculates electric quantity change amount and stores,
It calculates electricity expression formula when utilizing current integration method and stores,
6) judge SOCn-1Whether c is less than1。
It is then to carry out electricity calculating using current integration method：
SOCn=SOCna
It stores this moment battery status and exports to display；
Otherwise continue to judge SOCn-1Whether c is less than2。
It is to enter the transition stage that mechanical model is transferred to by current integration method：
ε=εn+Δε
It calculates：
SOCnε=f1 -1(εn)=f2(ε)
By current integration method and mechanical model method difference weighting weight γ and 1- γ, i.e.,：
SOCn=γ SOCnε+(γ-1)SOCna
Wherein：
It stores this moment battery status and exports to display；Otherwise judged into next step.
Judge SOCn-1Whether c is less than3：
It is to be calculated using mechanical model：
ε=εn+Δε
It calculates：
SOCnε=f1 -1(εn)=f2(ε)
It enables：
SOCn=SOCnε
It stores this moment battery status and exports to display；Otherwise continue to judge.
Judge SOCn-1Whether c is less than4：
It is to enter the transition stage that current integration method is transferred to by mechanical model：By mechanical model method and current integration method point
Other weighting weight γ and 1- γ, i.e.,：
SOCn=γ SOCna+(1-γ)SOCnε
Wherein：
It stores this moment battery status and exports to display；
Otherwise electricity calculating is carried out using current integration method：
SOCn=SOCna
It stores this moment battery status and exports to display.
Above example is provided just for the sake of the description purpose of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.This
The range of invention is defined by the following claims.It does not depart from spirit and principles of the present invention and the various equivalent replacements made and repaiies
Change, should all cover within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of battery capacity accurately measures method, it is characterised in that：The remaining of battery is obtained by dynamic resistance method first to hold
SOC value is measured, then judges whether this SOC value obtains in corresponding parameter section according to corresponding method in 5 parameter sections of setting
To accurate SOC value；5 parameter sections include 4 parameters, and 4 parameters are c1,c2,c3,c4, 0<c1<c2<c3<c4<1；Corresponding
Parameter section, the process that accurate SOC value is obtained according to corresponding method is specific as follows：
(1) work as SOC value<c1When, battery capacity SOC is calculated using current integration method；
(2) work as c1≤ SOC value<c2When, using the two method weightings of current integration method and mechanics parameter method, calculate battery capacity
SOC；
(3) work as c2≤ SOC value<c3When, using mechanics parameter method, calculate battery capacity SOC；
(4) work as c3≤ SOC value<c4When, using the two method weightings of current integration method and mechanics parameter method, calculate battery capacity
SOC；
(5) work as c4When≤SOC value≤1, battery capacity SOC is calculated using current integration method.
2. battery capacity according to claim 1 accurately measures method, it is characterised in that：The dynamic resistance method obtains
The formula of SOC value is as follows：
Wherein：SOCnFor the initial value of the SOC at current time, anowAnd bnowFor intermediate variable,
aoriginAnd boriginFor battery manufacture parameter；Δ(Δr)nFor the difference of two neighboring moment dynamic electric resistor average value,
Δ(Δr)n=ravg,n-ravg,n-1
rnFor current time dynamic electric resistor, rn-1For previous moment n-1 dynamic electric resistors, rn-2For relative to rn-1Previous moment dynamic electric
Resistance, ravg,nFor current time dynamic electric resistor average value, Δ V, Δ I are respectively cell voltage variable quantity and current change quantity；
ravg,n-1For previous moment dynamic electric resistor average value, calculation formula and ravg,nIt is identical；
Δ(ΔSOC)n=ΔSOCn-ΔSOCn-1
Current time total electricity changes：
CratedFor the size of current of discharge off in 1 hour, InFor current time current value, In-1For previous moment current value.
3. battery capacity according to claim 1 accurately measures method, it is characterised in that：The c2Take 0.2, c30.65 is taken,
c1Take 0.1, c4Take 0.75.
4. battery capacity according to claim 1 accurately measures method, it is characterised in that：It is described（1）With（5）It is middle to use peace
When integration method battery capacity SOC it is as follows：
Wherein：SOCnaFor current time battery capacity, SOCn-1For the SOC value of previous moment, C corresponding battery electricity when being SOC=1
Amount；
ΔCnThe electric quantity change value at current n moment, I are discharged to by the n-1 moment for batterynFor current time current value, In-1It is preceding
One moment current value.
5. battery capacity according to claim 1 accurately measures method, it is characterised in that：It is described（2）With（4）It is middle to use peace
When the two methods weighting of integration method and mechanics parameter method, it is as follows to calculate battery capacity SOC：
SOCn=γSOCnε+(γ-1)SOCna
Wherein, SOCnFor current time battery capacity, γ is the battery capacity weight using mechanics parameter method, and (γ -1) is to use
The battery capacity weight of current integration method,
εnFor theoretical strain value corresponding to SOC, C corresponding battery capacity, ε when being SOC=1nWith SOCnεBetween relationship：
SOCnε=f1 -1(εn)
εn=f1(SOCnε)
Since there are overstrains for inside battery, it is contemplated that the influence of this some factors, value are initially referred to corresponding remnants by SOC
Dependent variable indicates, reduces error, by described（1）Middle dynamic resistance method calculates SOC value process and obtains initial residual dependent variable：
Circulation time is wherein set in dynamic resistance method as n1,Refer to that cycle-index is n1The theoretical strain value at moment, εre
For dynamic resistance method cycle-index n1Actual measurement strain at the end of moment, theoretical strain value εnBetween actually measured strain value ε
Relationship：
ε=εn+Δε
Therefore：
Therefore SOCnε=f1 -1(εn)=f2(ε)。
6. battery capacity according to claim 1 accurately measures method, it is characterised in that：It is described（3）It is middle to be joined using mechanics
It is as follows that number method calculates battery capacity SOC：
SOCnε=f1 -1(εn)=f2(ε)
Wherein SOCnεFor current time battery capacity, ε=εn+ Δ ε, ε are actually measured strain value, εnIt is remaining for theoretical strain value
Dependent variableCirculation time is set in dynamic resistance method as n1,Refer to that cycle-index is n1When
Theoretical strain value, εreFor dynamic resistance method cycle-index n1When at the end of actual measurement strain.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP6323441B2 (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2018-05-16 | マツダ株式会社 | Lithium-ion battery remaining capacity estimation device |
| CN106501726B (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-12-18 | 新誉集团有限公司 | The SOC estimation method of battery charge state |
| CN107748332B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-05-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of battery charge state (SOC) measuring system based on mechanical wave |
| CN109581243A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-05 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | The method and apparatus for estimating the SOC of battery |
| CN116930780B (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2024-02-23 | 惠州锐鉴兴科技有限公司 | Intelligent electric quantity detection method, detection device and computer readable storage medium |
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