CN104950263B - Automobile power cell SOC evaluation method - Google Patents
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- CN104950263B CN104950263B CN201510332864.8A CN201510332864A CN104950263B CN 104950263 B CN104950263 B CN 104950263B CN 201510332864 A CN201510332864 A CN 201510332864A CN 104950263 B CN104950263 B CN 104950263B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of automobile power cell SOC evaluation method, including：Battery modules are detected using a row current matrix, a corresponding battery modules test voltage of row is obtained；Identical current matrix is substituted into battery modules internal resistance model, calculates and obtains a corresponding battery modules predicted voltage of row；The internal resistance rate of change for obtaining battery modules is calculated according to the battery modules test voltage and the battery modules predicted voltage；The estimation output voltage of battery modules model is calculated according to the internal resistance rate of change；The automobile power cell SOC is estimated according to the estimation output voltage, the battery modules test voltage.The SOC value that the method for the present invention is estimated is more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile batteries field, and in particular to automobile power cell SOC evaluation method.
Background technology
In recent years, the influence such as drastically consume for the environmental pollution that brings of reply auto industry fast development, petroleum resources, respectively
State is all actively developing research new-energy automobile research.Automobile power cell as electric automobile kernel component, to vehicle
Continual mileage, service life, security performance etc. have direct influence.Automobile power cell is made up of multiple cells
Battery modules (also referred to as battery bag), battery dump energy is also known as state-of-charge (the State of Charge, letter of battery
Claim SOC) be battery status important parameter, it is ensured that the SOC of automobile power cell is maintained in rational scope, prevent from overcharging or
Person crosses the damage for battery of being rivals in a contest, and improves the service life of battery, reduction maintenance cost and provides technical support, it is necessary to which accurate estimation is worked as
Preceding battery dump energy, therefore obtain important that the SOC value of accurate and reliable current power battery is battery management system
One of business.
Substantial amounts of research, but conventional method has been made in terms of the accurate estimation to battery SOC both at home and abroad at present
It is still that simple open circuit voltage method and current integration method are combined.Open circuit voltage method be battery management system it is static after again on
During electricity work, tabled look-up static OCV data according to monomer voltage, estimate the initial SOC value of battery.Current integration method is by battery
Charging and discharging currents are integrated computing to the time, estimate the dynamic SOC value of battery.
Open circuit voltage method needs electrokinetic cell to stand the sufficiently long time, and this is clearly to be difficult to realize under running conditions
's.Current integration method is higher to current sample required precision, if electrokinetic cell can be produced for a long time in the high-end carry out discharge and recharges of SOC
Raw larger accumulated error.In addition, automobile power cell SOC's is general between 30-70% using interval, if for a long time without low
End amendment, larger error can be caused using current integration method.
The content of the invention
It is this present invention it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of real-time, accurate automobile power cell SOC evaluation method
Embodiment provide following technical scheme：
A kind of automobile power cell SOC evaluation method, including：
Battery modules are detected using a row current matrix, a corresponding battery modules test voltage of row is obtained；
Identical current matrix is substituted into battery modules internal resistance model, calculates and obtains the corresponding battery modules prediction electricity of a row
Pressure；
The internal resistance for obtaining battery modules is calculated according to the battery modules test voltage and the battery modules predicted voltage
Rate of change；
The estimation output voltage of battery modules model is calculated according to the internal resistance rate of change；
The automobile power cell SOC is estimated according to the estimation output voltage, the battery modules test voltage.
Preferably, the calculating formula of the battery modules predicted voltage is：
U modules prediction=OCV+I × RAC+I×RCT×e-t/tao+I×RWB1×e-t/tao+I×RWB2×e-t/tao,
Wherein, the prediction of U modules represents the battery modules predicted voltage, and OCV represents the electricity in the correspondence current matrix
The open-circuit voltage of stream, I represents the current value in the current matrix, RACRepresent the AC impedance of battery modules model, the friendship
Flow impedance includes the impedance sum of the connector between cell impedance itself and cell in battery modules, RCTRepresent
The charge transfer resistance of battery modules model, RWB1、RWB2The weber impedance of battery modules model is represented, t is the current matrix
In current cycle interval, tao is corrected parameter.
Preferably, calculated according to the battery modules test voltage and the battery modules predicted voltage and obtain battery modules
The calculating formula of internal resistance rate of change be：
U module prediction-OCV=U overvoltage × (1+dR)+off；
U overvoltage=U module tests-OCV；
Wherein, U overvoltage represents the overvoltage that the battery modules obtained are calculated using the current matrix, the test of U modules
The battery modules test voltage is represented, dR represents the internal resistance rate of change of battery modules, and off is offset, by the row phase
The battery modules test voltage and the corresponding battery modules predicted voltage of a row answered are substituted into after the calculating formula of internal resistance rate of change
DR is tried to achieve using linear interpolation method.
Preferably, the calculating formula of the estimation output voltage is：
U modules estimation=OCV+ (I × RAC+I×RCT×e-t/tao+I×RWB1×e-t/tao+I×RWB2×e-t/tao)×(1+
DR),
Wherein the estimation of U modules represents the estimation output voltage of battery modules model.
Preferably, estimation automobile power cell SOC calculating formula is：
SOC=SOC(OCV)+ I × t/C0+ (test of U module estimation-U modules) × K,
Wherein, SOC(OCV)For the SOC value for the different OCV of correspondence that battery modules are carried out with rating test acquisition, C0 is battery
The initial battery capacity of module, K is gain parameter.
Preferably, the gain parameter is centrifugal pump, and according to SOC(OCV), voltage pulsation, it is battery balanced whether open, temperature
Degree takes different value.
Preferably, the gain parameter is KIt is high、KInAnd KIt is lowThree centrifugal pumps, wherein, KIt is high≥KIn≥KIt is low。
Preferably, SOC is worked as(OCV)When beyond preset range, if the voltage pulsation of cell is less than threshold value, institute
State gain parameter and take KIt is highIf the voltage pulsation of cell is more than threshold value, and the gain parameter takes KIn；Work as SOC(OCV)It is in
When within preset range, if the voltage pulsation of cell is less than threshold value, the gain parameter takes KIt is high。
Preferably, when it is battery balanced do not open when, the gain parameter takes KIt is low, when battery balanced unlatching, the gain
Parameter takes KIt is high。
Preferably, SOC is worked as(OCV)When within preset range, if temperature is within predetermined interval, the gain ginseng
Number takes KInIf temperature is in low value scope, the gain parameter takes KIt is highIf, temperature scope at a high value, the gain ginseng
Number takes KIt is low。
Embodiments of the invention detect battery mould using there is the electric current formed current matrix at interval in time
Group test voltage, while calculating theoretic battery modules using identical current matrix in battery modules internal resistance model
Predicted voltage, so as to influence the internal resistance of the battery modules of the difference between battery modules test voltage and battery modules predicted voltage
Rate of change can be calculated, and recycle the internal resistance rate of change of battery modules to calculate battery modules model in battery modules model
Estimation output voltage, finally estimate automobile power cell SOC using output voltage and battery modules test voltage is estimated, this
Theoretical value just is combined to be estimated by sample with measured value, correctly reflected battery modules internal resistance rate of change it is real-time
Change the influence to SOC.This method is combined equivalent to by open circuit voltage method and ampere-hour integration, utilizes battery modules test voltage
Matrix and the matrix of battery modules predicted voltage carry out linear interpolation method calculating so that estimation result is more accurate.
Further, embodiments of the invention are according to SOC(OCV), voltage pulsation, it is battery balanced whether open, the bar such as temperature
Part chooses different gain parameters, has taken into full account influence of the inside and outside boundary's condition to SOC so that estimation result is more accurate.
Brief description of the drawings
Next the specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the battery modules model of embodiments of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the battery modules internal resistance model of embodiments of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the current matrix-battery modules test voltage and battery modules predicted voltage-electricity of embodiments of the invention
The corresponding relation figure of the internal resistance rate of change of pond module.
Embodiment
In the automobile power cell SOC of the present embodiment evaluation method, the meter that estimation automobile power cell SOC is used
Formula is：
SOC=SOC(OCV)+ I × t/C0+ (test of U module estimation-U modules) × K, (1)
Wherein, SOC(OCV)For the SOC value corresponding to current open circuit voltage (that is, OCV), battery modules are carried out by stand
SOC-OCV rating tests, obtain the different OCV of correspondence SOC value, and form form.When being estimated, SOC(OCV)Value can
Directly pass through acquisition of tabling look-up.For example, table 1 schematically illustrates the battery modules of one group of automobile power cell in charging and discharging state
Under the different OCV of correspondence SOC value (that is, SOC(OCV))。
Table 1
For example, in table 1, it is 40% that can inquire SOC when correspondence electric discharge OCV is 232.77V, i.e. SOC(OCV)=
40%.
Also, in above-mentioned calculating formula (1), C0 is the initial battery capacity of battery modules, and the initial battery capacity also can
Enough it is calibrated out；I represents current value of the battery management system (BMS) in the current cycle interval that predetermined progress is sampled, example
Current cycle interval is such as set as 100ms, then I represents the current 100ms of battery modules current value, carried out once per 100ms
Current sample, then form I current matrix；T be current matrix in current cycle interval, 100ms as escribed above, when
The ability to work that so the current cycle interval can be according to actual needs with BMS is set；The estimation of U modules represents battery modules
The estimation output voltage of model, the battery modules model is a theoretical model, be will be described below；U modules are tested
Representing battery modules test voltage, i.e. battery management system does not have individual current cycle interval to carry out the battery mould obtained after current sample
The output voltage of group；K is gain parameter.
In every independent variable of calculating formula (1), SOC(OCV)Can be tabled look-up acquisition, and I and t are setting value, and C0 is battery mould
Physical quantity of group itself, can demarcate and obtain, gain parameter K can also be set.In the present embodiment, K is centrifugal pump, and root
According to SOC(OCV), voltage pulsation, it is battery balanced whether open, temperature takes different value.In more detail, gain parameter K takes KIt is high、KInAnd KIt is low
Three centrifugal pumps, for example, take KIt is high=5 × e-4、KIn=3 × e-4、KIt is low=5 × e-4.K value standard is as follows：
SOC is considered first(OCV)And the voltage pulsation influence of cell, work as SOC(OCV)When beyond preset range, such as
The voltage pulsation of fruit cell is less than threshold value, then gain parameter K takes KIt is highIf the voltage pulsation of cell is more than threshold value,
Then gain parameter K takes KIn；Work as SOC(OCV)When within preset range, if the voltage pulsation of cell is less than threshold value,
The gain parameter takes KIt is high.For example, choosing the general of automobile power cell SOC uses interval 30-70% as preset range, choosing
The voltage pulsation 10mv for taking the cell in battery modules is threshold value, then works as SOC(OCV)<30% or SOC(OCV)＞ 70%
When, if the voltage pulsation of cell is less than 10mv, it will cause SOC larger fluctuation, then take KIt is highIf, cell
Voltage pulsation is more than 10mv, then takes KIn；Work as SOC(OCV)It is in【30%, 70%】In the range of when, if the voltage of cell
Fluctuate ＜ 10mv, it will cause SOC larger fluctuations, take KIt is high。
Next, considering whether the battery equalizing circuit of battery modules opens the influence to SOC, do not opened when battery balanced
When, the voltage acquisition error of cell is smaller, and fluctuation is smaller, and now gain parameter K takes KIt is low, conversely, being opened when battery balanced
When, then gain parameter K takes KIt is high。
Next, considering influence of the temperature of battery modules to SOC, work as SOC(OCV)When within preset range, if
Temperature is within predetermined interval, and gain parameter takes KInIf temperature is in low value scope, gain parameter takes KIt is highIf, temperature
Scope at a high value, gain parameter takes KIt is low.Such as SOC(OCV)It is above-mentioned【30%, 70%】Preset range in when, design temperature
Predetermined interval is【- 10 DEG C, 0 DEG C】If temperature is in this predetermined interval, and the Acquisition Error of monomer battery voltage is larger,
Gain parameter takes KInIf temperature is less than -10 DEG C, then it is assumed that temperature is in low value scope, gain parameter takes KIt is highIf temperature is high
In 0 DEG C, then it is assumed that temperature scope at a high value, gain parameter takes KIt is low。
By foregoing description, in calculating formula (1), only U modules are estimated as a unknown quantity, to obtain SOC's
Estimated value, will first calculate acquisition U module estimations, next will be described in how calculating the estimation of U modules.
This parameter is estimated, it is necessary to set up battery modules model as shown in Figure 1 in order to calculate U modules.The battery modules
Model and the electrochemical reaction that battery occurs in charge and discharge process are closely related.In the model, AC impedance R is usedAC, electric charge
Transfer resistance RCTWith weber impedance RWB1、RWB2To calculate the voltage under battery modules different conditions.This four impedance (resistance) values
It is related to SOC, t, I of battery, RAC、RCTAnd RWB1、RWB2Demarcated based on cell test data.Wherein, exchange
Impedance RACInclude the impedance sum of the connector between impedance of the cell in battery modules itself and cell.
According to the model, the calculating formula of the estimation output voltage of battery modules model is：
U modules estimation=OCV+ (I × RAC+I×RCT×e-t/tao+I×RWB1×e-t/tao+I×RWB2×e-t/tao)×(1+
DR), (2)
Wherein, tao is corrected parameter, and dR represents the internal resistance rate of change of battery modules.
In calculating formula (2), only dR is unknown quantity, to obtain the estimation of U modules, first need by battery modules internal resistance mould
Type is calculated.
Battery modules internal resistance model is as shown in Figure 2.
Battery modules internal resistance model in Fig. 2, the calculating formula of battery modules internal resistance rate of change is as follows：
U module prediction-OCV=U overvoltage × (1+dR)+off；(3)
U overvoltage=U module tests-OCV；(4)
Wherein, U overvoltage (model estimation) refers to the overvoltage calculated by battery modules model；U overvoltage refers to
It is that BMS gathers the overvoltage that battery modules voltage is obtained using current matrix, off is offset.
And the calculating formula of battery modules predicted voltage U modules prediction is：
U modules prediction=OCV+I × RAC+I×RCT×e-t/tao+I×RWB1×e-t/tao+I×RWB2×e-t/tao, (5)
With reference to Fig. 3, in the range of the charging and discharging currents of automobile power cell, such as 0-180A, setting charging upper limit electricity
Pressure, such as 4.2v, and the lower voltage limit of electric discharge, such as 3.0v are set, the electric current at predetermined current cycle interval is utilized using BMS
One row current matrix I1, I2 ... Ik of value I formation, the corresponding battery modules test voltage of a row is resulted in by calculating of sampling
(that is, U modules are tested) U1, U2 ... Uk, and identical current matrix I1, I2 ... Ik are substituted into calculating formula (5), acquisition can be calculated
The one corresponding battery modules predicted voltage of row (that is, U modules are predicted) U1 ', U2 ' ... Uk '.
One row U1, U2 ... Uk and a row U1 ', U2 ' ... Uk ' are substituted into the calculating formula (3) and calculating formula of internal resistance rate of change
(4) it is, that can try to achieve two unknown numbers of dR and off using linear interpolation method.
After dR is obtained, it is to result in the estimation of U modules that dR is substituted into calculating formula (2), and the estimation of U modules is substituted into calculating formula
(1) SOC value of estimation, that is, is resulted in.
Summary description understand, estimation SOC be by unknown quantity one by one carry out solve realization, and in fact,
If needing the variable successively obtained order to be described, it is to the automobile power cell SOC methods estimated：
First, BMS detects battery modules using a row current matrix, and BMS obtains a corresponding battery mould of row by calculating
Group test voltage (that is, U modules are tested)；
Meanwhile, identical current matrix is substituted into battery modules internal resistance model, acquisition one can be calculated using calculating formula (5)
Arrange corresponding battery modules predicted voltage (that is, U modules are predicted)；
After a row battery modules test voltage and a row battery modules predicted voltage is obtained, calculating formula (3) and (4) are utilized
The internal resistance rate of change (that is, dR) for obtaining battery modules can be calculated；
Then internal resistance rate of change is substituted into calculating formula (2) again, the estimation output voltage of battery modules model can be calculated
(that is, U modules are estimated)；
Finally, estimation output voltage, battery modules test voltage are substituted into calculating formula (1), it becomes possible to estimate automobile and move
Power battery SOC.
Theoretical value is combined to be estimated by the evaluation method with measured value, has correctly reflected the interior of battery modules
Influence of the real-time change of resistive rate to SOC.This method is combined equivalent to by open circuit voltage method and ampere-hour integration, utilizes electricity
The matrix of pond module test voltage and the matrix of battery modules predicted voltage carry out linear interpolation method calculating so that estimation result
It is more accurate.The influence factor of the decay of battery has been additionally contemplates that in the method, reduces the error of U modules estimation, and this
Method according to temperature, whether open equilibrium, electric current, voltage many factors, judge the predicted values of battery modules and a certain moment
True measurement error amount be belong to it is high, in or low side, error amount is modified with gain parameter K, therefore estimation
The SOC of acquisition is more accurate.
Although the present invention is described with reference to above example, the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, and
Only limited by claim, those of ordinary skill in the art easily can carry out equivalence replacement or change to the present embodiment
Type, but and without departing from the essential idea and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of automobile power cell SOC evaluation method, it is characterised in that including：
Battery modules are detected using a row current matrix, a corresponding battery modules test voltage of row is obtained；
Identical current matrix is substituted into battery modules internal resistance model, calculates and obtains a corresponding battery modules predicted voltage of row；
The internal resistance change for obtaining battery modules is calculated according to the battery modules test voltage and the battery modules predicted voltage
Rate；
The estimation output voltage of battery modules model is calculated according to the internal resistance rate of change；
The automobile power cell SOC is estimated according to the estimation output voltage, the battery modules test voltage.
2. automobile power cell SOC according to claim 1 evaluation method, it is characterised in that the battery modules are pre-
Survey voltage calculating formula be：
U modules prediction=OCV+I × RAC+I×RCT×e-t/tao+I×RWB1×e-t/tao+I×RWB2×e-t/tao,
Wherein, the prediction of U modules represents the battery modules predicted voltage, and OCV represents the electric current in the correspondence current matrix
Open-circuit voltage, I represents the current value in the current matrix, RACRepresent the AC impedance of battery modules model, the exchange resistance
The impedance sum of connector between anti-cell impedance itself and the cell included in battery modules, RCTRepresent battery
The charge transfer resistance of module model, RWB1、RWB2The weber impedance of battery modules model is represented, t is in the current matrix
Current cycle interval, tao is corrected parameter.
3. automobile power cell SOC according to claim 2 evaluation method, it is characterised in that according to the battery mould
Group test voltage and the battery modules predicted voltage, which are calculated, to be obtained the calculating formulas of internal resistance rate of change of battery modules and is：
U module prediction-OCV=U overvoltage × (1+dR)+off；
U overvoltage=U module tests-OCV；
Wherein, U overvoltage represents the overvoltage that the battery modules obtained are calculated using the current matrix, and the test of U modules is represented
The battery modules test voltage, dR represents the internal resistance rate of change of battery modules, and off is offset, and described one row are corresponding
Battery modules test voltage and the corresponding battery modules predicted voltage of a row are utilized after substituting into the calculating formula of internal resistance rate of change
Linear interpolation method tries to achieve dR.
4. automobile power cell SOC according to claim 3 evaluation method, it is characterised in that the estimation output electricity
The calculating formula of pressure is：
U modules estimation=OCV+ (I × RAC+I×RCT×e-t/tao+I×RWB1×e-t/tao+I×RWB2×e-t/tao) × (1+dR),
Wherein the estimation of U modules represents the estimation output voltage of battery modules model.
5. automobile power cell SOC according to claim 4 evaluation method, it is characterised in that the estimation automobile is moved
The calculating formula of power battery SOC is：
SOC=SOC(OCV)+ I × t/C0+ (test of U module estimation-U modules) × K,
Wherein, SOC(OCV)For the SOC value for the different OCV of correspondence that battery modules are carried out with rating test acquisition, C0 is battery modules
Initial battery capacity, K is gain parameter.
6. automobile power cell SOC according to claim 5 evaluation method, it is characterised in that the gain parameter is
Centrifugal pump, and according to SOC(OCV), voltage pulsation, it is battery balanced whether open, temperature takes different value.
7. automobile power cell SOC according to claim 6 evaluation method, it is characterised in that the gain parameter is
KIt is high、KInAnd KIt is lowThree centrifugal pumps, wherein, KIt is high≥KIn≥KIt is low。
8. automobile power cell SOC according to claim 7 evaluation method, it is characterised in that work as SOC(OCV)In pre-
When determining beyond scope, if the voltage pulsation of cell is less than threshold value, the gain parameter takes KIt is highIf, cell
Voltage pulsation is more than threshold value, then the gain parameter takes KIn；Work as SOC(OCV)When within preset range, if cell
Voltage pulsation is less than threshold value, then the gain parameter takes KIt is high。
9. automobile power cell SOC according to claim 7 evaluation method, it is characterised in that do not opened when battery balanced
Qi Shi, the gain parameter takes KIt is low, when battery balanced unlatching, the gain parameter takes KIt is high。
10. automobile power cell SOC according to claim 7 evaluation method, it is characterised in that work as SOC(OCV)In pre-
When determining within scope, if temperature is within predetermined interval, the gain parameter takes KInIf temperature is in low value scope,
The gain parameter takes KIt is highIf temperature scope at a high value, the gain parameter takes KIt is low。
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| CN105277909B (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2018-06-12 | 湖南南车时代电动汽车股份有限公司 | Hybrid power capacity cell SOC calibration methods |
| CN106772104B (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2019-11-05 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | A kind of power battery SOC value evaluation method |
| CN112909362B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2022-06-10 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Cell voltage correction method, device, equipment and medium |
| CN109728625B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2021-01-01 | 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 | SOC calibration method, device and system for energy storage of data center |
| CN110231580A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-13 | 安徽锐能科技有限公司 | It is a kind of based on battery balanced SOE estimation device |
| CN110531274A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-12-03 | 江西优特汽车技术有限公司 | A kind of power battery SOC Prediction System and method |
| CN111190112B (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-10-09 | 宜宾职业技术学院 | Battery charging and discharging prediction method and system based on big data analysis |
| CN113009348B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2024-03-12 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | Method and device for improving power battery SOC estimation precision |
| CN113406510A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-17 | 福州大学 | Lithium ion battery state-of-charge online estimator with measurement data anomaly detection function and method |
| CN115856644B (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-05-05 | 华东交通大学 | Modeling method of energy storage battery |
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