CN105607004A - Lithium ion battery pack state-of-health evaluation method and lithium ion battery pack state-of-health evaluation system - Google Patents

Lithium ion battery pack state-of-health evaluation method and lithium ion battery pack state-of-health evaluation system Download PDF

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CN105607004A
CN105607004A CN201410665871.5A CN201410665871A CN105607004A CN 105607004 A CN105607004 A CN 105607004A CN 201410665871 A CN201410665871 A CN 201410665871A CN 105607004 A CN105607004 A CN 105607004A
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power brick
soh
data
voltage
lithium ion
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CN105607004B (en
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胡俊
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Beijing Pride New Energy Battery Co Ltd
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Beijing Pride New Energy Battery Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium ion battery pack state-of-health evaluation method and a lithium ion battery pack state-of-health evaluation system. According to the method, first, the state of health of a battery pack is preliminarily judged according to the end voltage of each battery string in the battery pack, and then, the state of health of the battery pack is comprehensively evaluated from the discharge capacity, internal resistance and temperature of the battery pack. The system comprises a control unit, a battery charging and discharging unit, a protection unit and a sound-light-electricity display unit. The control unit comprises a data reading unit, a data storing unit, a data processing unit and a data sending unit. According to the evaluation method and the evaluation system provided by the invention, all kinds of complicated environmental influences facing the battery pack in the using process are considered, comprehensive evaluation of the state of health of the batteries in the battery pack is completed, and the accuracy of test results is improved.

Description

A kind of lithium ion battery bag health status appraisal procedure and system
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery technology field, relate in particular to a kind of lithium ion battery bag health status appraisal procedureAnd system.
Background technology
World oil crisis and environmental pollution are on the rise, and various countries are to the cry day of improving environment, saving the energyThe compulsory indexes such as benefit is surging, the discharge to orthodox car are carried out and are added year by year tight measure. In orthodox carCombustion machine is that power is compared, and electric automobile adopts batteries to do stored energy power source, and drive motors makes vehicle capableSail. Electric automobile is the new-energy automobile developing direction in future, and electrokinetic cell is the core of electric automobile.Lithium ion battery has that operating voltage is high, energy density is large, lightweight, volume is little, self-discharge rate is little, followsRing life-span length, memory-less effect, the feature such as environmentally friendly, become the head of current electric automobile power batteryChoosing.
The power that monomer lithium ion battery provides is limited, therefore will meet the power demand gesture of electric automobileThe necessary mode by numerous monomer lithium ion battery employing series/parallels connects in groups, by lithium-ion electric in groupsPond is as the power source of electric automobile. But battery has very large otherness before and after in groups, while application in groupsIt is more complicated and outstanding that problem is compared monomer, due to connected mode, monomer inconsistency, equalizing system performanceAnd the impact of the factor such as the otherness of environmental condition makes the properties such as specific energy, specific power of battery packParameter does not often reach monomer previous level, more seriously obviously shortens compared with cell service life,Reason is that the health status of battery pack is to be determined by the health status of each cell of series/parallel, when certainWhen sharply worsening appears in health status individual or some battery, the health status of whole battery pack also can be subject to shadowRing.
The health status (SOH, StateofHealth) of battery, refers under certain condition, battery institute energyBe filled with or emit the percentage of electric weight and battery nominal capacity. SOH has showed current electricity with the form of percentageThe capacity in pond, concerning a new battery, its SOH value is generally more than or equal to 100%, withThe use of battery, battery is constantly aging, and SOH reduces gradually. Accurately estimation electrokinetic cell SOH canTo improve battery charge state estimation precision, have for the prediction of the raising of car load control performance and continual mileageSignificance; The SOH of electrokinetic cell can provide basic data for the research and development of power battery pack balancing technique.Standard balanced between battery has voltage, internal resistance, capacity etc., and SOH can accurately reflect the current capacity of batteryAbility, therefore SOH accurately estimates that the formulation that can be the balanced control strategy between battery provides foundation; FinallyCycles left number of times that also can preestimating battery according to the SOH of battery, notifies user and battery producer in timeCarry out the preparation of changing battery.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of appraisal procedure of lithium ion battery bag health status, have comprehensively,Feature accurately, makes attendant can find in time and get rid of power brick hidden danger, ensures normally operation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of and can accurately evaluate and test commenting of lithium ion battery bag health statusEstimate system.
A kind of lithium ion battery bag health status appraisal procedure, comprises the following steps:
S1, a default cell voltage threshold values decision condition, reads the voltage data in the each crosstalk of power brick pond, if readVoltage data do not meet decision condition, judge that power brick is in unhealthy status; If the voltage readingData fit decision condition, carries out next step;
S2,
S21, reads the power brick data of full electric discharge for the last time, comprises t discharge timedWith discharge current Id, Man FangElectricity is defined as: it is 0% state that the state that is 100% from power brick SOC is discharged to SOC.
S22, according to computing formula:Calculate the discharge capacity Q that power brick is completely dischargedd
S23, according to computing formula: SOH=Qd/Q0× 100% obtains the SOH of power brickfd,Q0For power brickInitial nominal capacity,
S24, if SOHfd< 80%, judges that power brick is in unhealthy status; If SOHfd>=80%, enterGo next step;
S3, reads the current SOC of power brick,
If SOC≤50%, by internal resistance method of testing, constant voltage discharge method of testing and Capacity Ratio to three kinds of sides of method of testingMethod calculates respectively the health status value SOH of power brickR、SOHVDAnd SOHC, then get three's minimumValue is as the SOH value of power brick;
If SOC > 50%, by internal resistance method of testing, constant-voltage charge method of testing and Capacity Ratio to three kinds of sides of method of testingMethod calculates respectively the health status value SOH of power brickR、SOHVCAnd SOHC, then get three's minimumValue is as the SOH value of power brick;
S4, the SOH value of the power brick drawing according to S3,
If SOH < 80%, judges that power brick is in unhealthy status;
If 80%≤SOH < 90%, judges that power brick is in secondary health status;
If 90%≤SOH≤100%, judges that power brick is in one-level health status;
Internal resistance method of testing SOHRAssessment mode be:
Calculate Ra=△ U/I, wherein, under constant electric current, gathers the changing value of voltage under normal potential, standardTime is that 500ms or shorter time image data and nominal resistance calculate A=Ra/R0, wherein RaTableShow current battery resistance, R0Represent nominal battery resistance.
If A > 2, SOHR<80%;
If 1 < A≤2,80%≤SOHR<90%;
If A≤1,90%≤SOHR≤100%。
The SOH of capacity Comparison MethodCAssessment mode is:
SOHC=K*(CT/CTRUE)*100%,
Wherein, K is discharging efficiency, and computing formula is K=CENG/CBMS,CENGFor motor peak power output byCar load recorder provides data, CBMSFor battery input peak power, provide several by battery management system systemAccording to. Definite scope of K value: 0.85~1.1, as K value is not defaulted as 1 in this scope.
CTFor discharge capacity of the cell, computing formula isIdFor discharge current, t0For initial time,tdFor discharging deadline.
CTRUE=(SOC0-SOCF)*CR,CRFor the rated capacity of battery, SOCFInstitute while end for battery dischargeThe SOC state showing, SOC0For SOC state shown before battery discharge.
SOHCCalculate value 4 times, results averaged.
The SOH of constant-voltage charge methodVCAssessment mode is:
Taking a certain current potential of battery as benchmark, under given normal voltage, charge and be reduced to setting value (1A when electric currentOr less) or reach and set cutoff certain hour and think and charge, calculating charging interval TVC
If TVC> 2h, SOHVC<80%;
If 1h < is TVC≤ 2h, 80%≤SOHVC<90%;
If TVC≤ 1h, 90%≤SOHVC≤100%。
The SOH of constant voltage discharge methodVDAssessment mode is:
Taking a certain current potential of battery as benchmark, under given normal voltage, discharge and be reduced to setting value (example when electric currentAs 1A or less) think and discharged, calculate T discharge timeVD
If TVD< 30min, SOHVD<80%;
If 30min≤TVD< 45min, 80%≤SOHVD<90%;
If TVD>=45min, 90%≤SOHVD≤100%。
Preferably, in step S1, maximum threshold values and list that described cell voltage threshold values is monomer battery voltageThe minimum threshold values of body cell voltage, if the power brick reading is respectively gone here and there monomer battery voltage data all between describedBetween the minimum threshold values of the maximum threshold values of monomer battery voltage and described monomer battery voltage, for voltage data meetsDecision condition; Otherwise, for voltage data does not meet decision condition.
Preferably, in step S1, for ferric phosphate lithium ion battery bag, described monomer battery voltageLarge threshold values is 3.85V~4.2V, and the minimum threshold values of described monomer battery voltage is 1.5V~1.8V.
Preferably, in step S1, described cell voltage threshold values is a voltage difference threshold values,
If the power brick reading is respectively gone here and there the difference of maximum and minimum of a value in monomer battery voltage data and is not more than described electricityPressure difference threshold values, for voltage data meets decision condition; Otherwise, for voltage data does not meet decision condition.
Preferably, in step S1, for ferric phosphate lithium ion battery bag, described voltage difference threshold values is500mV~800mV。
A kind of lithium ion battery bag health status evaluating system, comprises control module (210), battery charging and dischargingUnit (230), protected location (240) harmony photo-electronic display unit (220); Described battery charging and discharging unit(230) be connected the electricity of described protected location (240) and power brick (100) with protected location (240)Pond connects; Described control module (210) is connected with described battery charging and discharging unit (230), described controlUnit (210) is connected with the battery management system (BMS) of power brick (100), described control module (210)Be connected with described acousto-optic-electric display unit (220).
Battery charging and discharging unit (230), for carrying out charging and discharging to battery; Protected location (240),For cutting off the path of power brick charging and discharging; Acousto-optic-electric display unit (220), for showing power brickState and test result.
Described control module (210) comprising:
Data-reading unit (211), is connected with the BMS of described power brick (100), for reading batteryBag battery historical data and current status data;
Data storage cell (212), is connected with described data-reading unit, reads for storing described dataThe power brick data that unit reads;
Data processing unit (213), is connected with described data storage cell, for analyzing and processing data storagePower brick data in unit;
And data transmission unit (214), aobvious with described data processing unit (213) and described acousto-optic-electric respectivelyShow that unit (220) connects, aobvious for the data of described data processing unit processing being outputed to described acousto-optic-electricShow unit.
Preferably, described control module (210) defines with the BMS connecting interface of described power brick (100)Comprise: CAN-USB, RS232-USB, expansion interface PLC.
Preferably, the communication association that described control module (210) is communicated by letter with the BMS of described power brick (100)View comprises the employing CAN of controller local area network bus, high-speed serial bus SPI agreement.
The present invention has considered the various complex environment factors that battery in use will be faced, from batteryThe health status of voltage, internal resistance, capacity and temperature aspect comprehensive assessment power brick, completes electricity in power brickComprehensive evaluation and test of the health status in pond, has improved the accuracy of test result.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural principle block diagram of lithium ion battery bag health status evaluating system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural principle frame of control module in lithium ion battery bag health status evaluating system of the present inventionFigure;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of lithium ion battery bag health status appraisal procedure of the present invention.
Wherein, description of reference numerals is as follows:
100 power brick 200 power brick health status evaluating systems
210 control module 220 acousto-optic-electric display units
230 battery charging and discharging unit 240 protected locations
211 data-reading unit 212 data storage cells
213 data processing unit 214 data transmission unit
Detailed description of the invention
Lithium ion battery bag health status appraisal procedure flow chart of the present invention as shown in Figure 3.
For ferric phosphate lithium ion battery bag, a kind of lithium ion battery bag of the present invention health status appraisal procedure,Comprise the following steps:
S1, reads the voltage data in the each crosstalk of power brick pond by battery management system, if the voltage data < reading1.5V or > 3.85V, judge that power brick is in unhealthy status; If the voltage data reading betweenBetween 1.5V and 3.85V, carry out next step;
S2,
S21, reads the power brick data of full electric discharge for the last time, comprises t discharge timedWith discharge current Id, Man FangElectricity is defined as: it is 0% state that the state that is 100% from power brick SOC is discharged to SOC.
S22, according to computing formula:Calculate the discharge capacity Q that power brick is completely dischargedd
S23, according to computing formula: SOH=Qd/Q0× 100% obtains the SOH of power brickfd,Q0For power brickInitial nominal capacity,
S24, if SOHfd< 80%, judges that power brick is in unhealthy status; If SOHfd>=80%, enterGo next step;
S3, reads the current SOC of power brick,
If SOC≤50%, by internal resistance method of testing, constant voltage discharge method of testing and Capacity Ratio to three kinds of sides of method of testingMethod calculates respectively the health status value SOH of power brickR、SOHVDAnd SOHC, then get three's minimumValue is as the SOH value of power brick;
If SOC > 50%, by internal resistance method of testing, constant-voltage charge method of testing and Capacity Ratio to three kinds of sides of method of testingMethod calculates respectively the health status value SOH of power brickR、SOHVCAnd SOHC, then get three's minimumValue is as the SOH value of power brick;
S4, the SOH value of the power brick drawing according to S3,
If SOH < 80%, judges that power brick is in unhealthy status;
If 80%≤SOH < 90%, judges that power brick is in secondary health status;
If 90%≤SOH≤100%, judges that power brick is in one-level health status;
Internal resistance method of testing SOHRAssessment mode be:
Calculate Ra=△ U/I, wherein, the little electric current charge-discharge machine of multichannel provides constant electric current, gathers standard electricThe changing value of the lower voltage in position, the standard time is that 500ms or shorter time image data and nominal resistance carry outCalculate A=Ra/R0, wherein RaRepresent current battery resistance, R0Represent nominal battery resistance.
If A > 2, SOHR<80%;
If 1 < A≤2,80%≤SOHR<90%;
If A≤1,90%≤SOHR≤100%。
The SOH of capacity Comparison MethodCAssessment mode is:
SOHC=K*(CT/CTRUE)*100%,
Wherein, K is discharging efficiency, and computing formula is K=CENG/CBMS,CENGFor motor maximum work outputRate provides data by car load recorder, CBMSFor battery input peak power, carried by battery management system systemFor data. Definite scope of K value is 0.85~1.1, as K value is not defaulted as 1 in this scope.
CTFor discharge capacity of the cell, computing formula isIdFor discharge current, t0When initialBetween, tdFor discharging deadline.
CTRUE=(SOC0-SOCF)*CR,CRFor the rated capacity of battery, SOCFFor battery discharge finishesTime shown SOC state, SOC0For SOC state shown before battery discharge.
SOHCCalculate value 4 times, results averaged.
The SOH of constant-voltage charge methodVCAssessment mode is:
Taking a certain current potential of battery as benchmark, given normal voltage 3.550V charges and is reduced to 1A when electric currentThink and charged, calculate charging interval TVC
If TVC> 2h, SOHVC<80%;
If 1h < is TVC≤ 2h, 80%≤SOHVC<90%;
If TVC≤ 1h, 90%≤SOHVC≤100%。
The SOH of constant voltage discharge methodVDAssessment mode is:
Taking a certain current potential of battery as benchmark, given normal voltage 2.650V discharges and is reduced to 1A when electric currentThink and discharged, calculate T discharge timeVD
If TVD< 30min, SOHVD<80%;
If 30min≤TVD< 45min, 80%≤SOHVD<90%;
If TVD>=45min, 90%≤SOHVD≤100%。
As Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show system architecture theory diagram.
A kind of lithium ion battery bag health status evaluating system, comprises control module (210), battery charging and dischargingUnit (230), protected location (240) harmony photo-electronic display unit (220); Described battery charging and discharging unit(230) be connected the electricity of described protected location (240) and power brick (100) with protected location (240)Pond connects; Described control module (210) is connected with described battery charging and discharging unit (230), described controlUnit (210) is connected with the battery management system (BMS) of power brick (100), described control module (210)Be connected with described acousto-optic-electric display unit (220).
Battery charging and discharging unit (230), for carrying out charging and discharging to battery; Protected location (240),For cutting off the path of power brick charging and discharging; Acousto-optic-electric display unit (220), for showing power brickState and test result.
Described control module (210) comprising:
Data-reading unit (211), is connected with the BMS of described power brick (100), for reading batteryBag battery historical data and current status data;
Data storage cell (212), is connected with described data-reading unit, reads for storing described dataThe power brick data that unit reads;
Data processing unit (213), is connected with described data storage cell, for analyzing and processing data storagePower brick data in unit;
And data transmission unit (214), respectively with described data processing unit (213) and described acousto-opticElectricity display unit (220) connects, for the data of described data processing unit processing are outputed to described acousto-opticElectricity display unit.
Described control module (210) comprising with the BMS connecting interface definition of described power brick (100):CAN-USB, RS232-USB, expansion interface PLC.
The communications protocol that described control module (210) is communicated by letter with described BMS comprises employing controller local area networkNetwork CAN bus, high-speed serial bus SPI agreement.
Appraisal procedure provided by the invention and system have been considered the various complicated ring that battery in use will be facedBorder factor, from the health status of voltage, internal resistance, capacity and the temperature aspect comprehensive assessment power brick of battery,Complete comprehensive evaluation and test of the health status to battery in power brick, improved the accuracy of test result.

Claims (9)

1. a lithium ion battery bag health status appraisal procedure, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1, a default cell voltage threshold values decision condition, reads the voltage data in the each crosstalk of power brick pond, if the voltage data reading does not meet decision condition, judges that power brick is in unhealthy status; If the voltage data reading meets decision condition, carry out next step;
S2,
S21, reads the power brick data of full electric discharge for the last time, comprises t discharge timedWith discharge current Id
S22, according to computing formula:Calculate the discharge capacity Q that power brick is completely dischargedd
S23, according to computing formula: SOH=Qd/Q0× 100% obtains the SOH of power brickfd,Q0For the initial nominal capacity of power brick,
S24, if SOHfd< 80%, judges that power brick is in unhealthy status; If SOHfd>=80%, carry out next step;
S3, reads the current SOC of power brick,
If SOC≤50%, calculates respectively the health status value SOH of power brick to three kinds of methods of method of testing by internal resistance method of testing, constant voltage discharge method of testing and Capacity RatioR、SOHVDAnd SOHC, then get the SOH value of three's minimum of a value as power brick;
If SOC > 50%, calculates respectively the health status value SOH of power brick to three kinds of methods of method of testing by internal resistance method of testing, constant-voltage charge method of testing and Capacity RatioR、SOHVCAnd SOHC, then get the SOH value of three's minimum of a value as power brick;
S4, the SOH value of the power brick drawing according to S3,
If SOH < 80%, judges that power brick is in unhealthy status;
If 80%≤SOH < 90%, judges that power brick is in secondary health status;
If 90%≤SOH≤100%, judges that power brick is in one-level health status.
2. lithium ion battery bag health status appraisal procedure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step S1, and the maximum threshold values that described cell voltage threshold values is monomer battery voltage and the minimum threshold values of monomer battery voltage,
If the power brick reading is respectively gone here and there monomer battery voltage data all between the maximum threshold values of described monomer battery voltage and the minimum threshold values of described monomer battery voltage, for voltage data meets decision condition;
Otherwise, for voltage data does not meet decision condition.
3. lithium ion battery bag health status appraisal procedure according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in step S1, for ferric phosphate lithium ion battery bag, the maximum threshold values of described monomer battery voltage is 3.85V~4.2V, and the minimum threshold values of described monomer battery voltage is 1.5V~1.8V.
4. lithium ion battery bag health status appraisal procedure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step S1, described cell voltage threshold values is a voltage difference threshold values,
If the power brick reading is respectively gone here and there the difference of maximum and minimum of a value in monomer battery voltage data and is not more than described voltage difference threshold values, for voltage data meets decision condition;
Otherwise, for voltage data does not meet decision condition.
5. lithium ion battery bag health status appraisal procedure according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in step S1, for ferric phosphate lithium ion battery bag, described voltage difference threshold values is 500mV~800mV.
6. based on a kind of lithium ion battery bag health status evaluating system claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise control module, battery charging and discharging unit, protected location harmony photo-electronic display unit; Described protected location is connected with power brick; described battery charging and discharging unit is connected with protected location; described control module is connected with described battery charging and discharging unit; described control module is connected with the battery management system (BMS) of power brick, and described control module is connected with described acousto-optic-electric display unit.
7. lithium ion battery bag health status evaluating system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described control module comprises:
Data-reading unit, is connected with described BMS, for reading power brick battery historical data and current status data;
Data storage cell, is connected with described data-reading unit, the power brick data that read for storing described data-reading unit;
Data processing unit, is connected with described data storage cell, for the power brick data of analyzing and processing data memory cell;
Data transmission unit, is connected with described data processing unit and described acousto-optic-electric display unit respectively, for the data of described data processing unit processing being outputed to described acousto-optic-electric display unit.
8. lithium ion battery bag health status evaluating system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described control module and the definition of described BMS connecting interface comprise: CAN-USB, RS232-USB, RS485 expansion interface PLC.
9. lithium ion battery bag health status evaluating system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the communications protocol that described control module is communicated by letter with described BMS comprises the employing CAN of controller local area network bus, high-speed serial bus SPI agreement.
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