CN105607004B - A kind of lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation method and system - Google Patents
A kind of lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation method and system.The method carries out preliminary judgement according to respectively going here and there battery terminal voltage in battery pack to the health status of battery pack first, has then carried out comprehensive assessment to the health status of battery pack in terms of the discharge capacity of battery pack, internal resistance, temperature.The system comprises control unit, battery charging and discharging unit, protection location harmony photo-electronic display unit, described control unit includes data-reading unit, data storage cell, data processing unit and data transmission unit.Appraisal procedure and system provided by the invention, which consider the various complex environments that battery pack to be faced in use, to be influenced, and is completed comprehensive evaluation and test to the health status of battery in battery pack, is improved the accuracy of test result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery technology field more particularly to a kind of lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation method and it is
System.
Background technology
World oil crisis and environmental pollution are on the rise, and various countries grow to even greater heights to improvement environment, energy saving cry,
The compulsory indexes such as the discharge to orthodox car are carried out adds tight measure year by year.With orthodox car using internal combustion engine compared with power, electricity
Electrical automobile then makees stored energy power source using accumulator group, and driving motor makes vehicle travel.Electric vehicle is new-energy automobile future
Developing direction, and power battery is the core of electric vehicle.Lithium ion battery has operating voltage height, energy density greatly, again
Measure light, small, self-discharge rate is small, have extended cycle life, memory-less effect, it is environmentally friendly the features such as, become current electronic vapour
The first choice of vehicle power battery.
The power that monomer lithium ion battery provides is limited, therefore the power demand that meet electric vehicle is bound to incite somebody to action
Numerous monomer lithium ion batteries is connected in groups by the way of series/parallel, using groups of lithium ion battery as electric vehicle
Power source.But battery has prodigious otherness front and back in groups, and when applying in groups the problem of is increasingly complex and prominent compared to monomer
Go out, since the influence of the factors such as the otherness of connection type, monomer inconsistency, balanced system performance and environmental condition makes
Monomer previous level is often not achieved in the various performance parameters such as the ratio energy of battery pack, specific power, more seriously uses the longevity
Life is obviously shortened compared with single battery, the reason is that the health status of battery pack is by the healthy shape of each single battery of series/parallel
What condition determined, when the appearance of the health status of some or certain batteries drastically deteriorates, the health status of entire battery pack also can be by
To influence.
The health status (SOH, State of Health) of battery, refers to that under certain condition, battery can be filled with or put
Go out the percentage of electricity and battery nominal capacity.SOH is demonstrated by the capacity of present battery in the form of percentage, to one piece
For new battery, SOH value will be generally above equal to 100%, with the use of battery, battery in continuous aging, SOH by
Gradually reduce.Accurate estimation power battery SOH can improve battery charge state estimation precision, full-vehicle control performance is improved and
The prediction of continual mileage is of great significance；The SOH of power battery can be researched and developed for power battery pack balancing technique and be provided basis
Data.Balanced standard has voltage, internal resistance, capacity etc., SOH that can accurately reflect battery current capacities ability between battery, because
Accurately estimation can provide foundation to this SOH for the formulation of the Balance route strategy between battery；It finally can be pre- also according to the SOH of battery
The cycles left number for estimating battery notifies user and battery producer to carry out the preparation for replacing battery in time.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of appraisal procedures of lithium ion battery packet health status, have comprehensively and accurately
Feature enables maintenance personnel to find and exclude in time battery pack hidden danger, ensures normal operation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of assessment systems for capableing of accurate assessment lithium ion battery packet health status
System.
A kind of lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation method, includes the following steps：
S1 presets a cell voltage threshold values decision condition, reads battery pack and respectively goes here and there the voltage data of battery, if the electricity read
Pressure data do not meet decision condition, then judge that battery pack has been in unhealthy status；If the voltage data read meets judgement item
Part then carries out in next step；
S2,
S21 reads the data that battery pack last time is completely discharged, including discharge time tdWith discharge current Id, completely discharge
It is defined as：The state for being 100% from battery pack SOC is discharged to the state that SOC is 0%.
S22, according to calculation formula：Calculate the discharge capacity Q that battery pack is completely dischargedd,
S23, according to calculation formula：SOH=Qd/Q0× 100% obtains the SOH of battery packfd, Q0For the initial volume of battery pack
Constant volume,
S24, if SOHfd＜ 80% then judges that battery pack has been in unhealthy status；If SOHfd>=80%, then it carries out down
One step；
S3 reads the current SOC of battery pack,
If SOC≤50%, pass through inner walkway method, three kinds of methods of constant voltage discharge method of testing and capacity contrastive test method point
The health status value SOH of battery pack is not calculatedR、SOHVDAnd SOHC, then take three's minimum value as the SOH of battery pack
Value；
If SOC ＞ 50%, pass through inner walkway method, three kinds of methods of constant-voltage charge method of testing and capacity contrastive test method point
The health status value SOH of battery pack is not calculatedR、SOHVCAnd SOHC, then take three's minimum value as the SOH of battery pack
Value；
S4, according to the SOH value of the S3 battery packs obtained,
If SOH ＜ 80%, judge that battery pack is in unhealthy status；
If 80%≤SOH ＜ 90%, judge that battery pack is in two level health status；
If 90%≤SOH≤100%, judge that battery pack is in level-one health status；
Inner walkway method SOHRAssessment mode be：
Calculate Ra=△ U/I, wherein under constant electric current, acquire the changing value of voltage under normal potential, standard time
For 500ms or shorter time gathered data calculating A=R is carried out with nominal resistancea/R0, wherein RaIndicate present battery resistance value,
R0Indicate nominal battery resistance value.
If A ＞ 2, SOHR＜ 80%；
If 1 ＜ A≤2,80%≤SOHR＜ 90%；
If A≤1,90%≤SOHR≤ 100%.
The SOH of capacity Comparison MethodCAssessment mode is：
SOHC=K* (CT/CTRUE) * 100%,
Wherein, K is discharging efficiency, calculation formula K=CENG/CBMS, CENGIt is recorded by vehicle for motor peak power output
Instrument provides data, CBMSMaximum power is inputted for battery, data are provided by battery management system system.The determination range of K values：
0.85~1.1, it is defaulted as 1 if K values are not in this range.
CTFor discharge capacity of the cell, calculation formula isIdFor discharge current, t0For initial time, tdFor
It discharges deadline.
CTRUE=(SOC0-SOCF)*CR, CRFor the rated capacity of battery, SOCFShown SOC at the end of for battery discharge
State, SOC0For SOC states shown before battery discharge.
SOHCCalculate value 4 times, results are averaged.
The SOH of constant-voltage charge methodVCAssessment mode is：
On the basis of a certain current potential of battery, carried out under given normal voltage charging when electric current be reduced to setting value (1A or
Person's smaller) or reach setting cutoff value certain time and think charging complete, calculating charging time TVC。
If TVC＞ 2h, then SOHVC＜ 80%；
If 1h ＜ TVC≤ 2h, then 80%≤SOHVC＜ 90%；
If TVC≤ 1h, then 90%≤SOHVC≤ 100%.
The SOH of constant voltage discharge methodVDAssessment mode is：
On the basis of a certain current potential of battery, carried out under given normal voltage electric discharge when electric current be reduced to setting value (such as
1A or smaller) think that electric discharge is completed, calculate discharge time TVD。
If TVD＜ 30min, then SOHVD＜ 80%；
If 30min≤TVD＜ 45min, then 80%≤SOHVD＜ 90%；
If TVD>=45min, then 90%≤SOHVD≤ 100%.
Preferably, in step sl, the cell voltage threshold values is the maximum threshold values and single battery of monomer battery voltage
The minimum threshold values of voltage, if the battery pack read respectively goes here and there monomer battery voltage data all between monomer battery voltage maximum
Between threshold values and the monomer battery voltage minimum threshold values, then meet decision condition for voltage data；Otherwise, not for voltage data
Meet decision condition.
Preferably, in step sl, for ferric phosphate lithium ion battery packet, the monomer battery voltage maximum threshold values is
3.85V~4.2V, the monomer battery voltage minimum threshold values are 1.5V~1.8V.
Preferably, in step sl, the cell voltage threshold values is a voltage difference threshold values,
If the battery pack read respectively goes here and there the difference of maxima and minima in monomer battery voltage data and is not more than the electricity
Pressure difference threshold values, then meet decision condition for voltage data；Otherwise, it is that voltage data does not meet decision condition.
Preferably, in step sl, for ferric phosphate lithium ion battery packet, the voltage difference threshold values be 500mV~
800mV。
A kind of lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation system, including control unit (210), battery charging and discharging unit
(230), protection location (240) harmony photo-electronic display unit (220)；The battery charging and discharging unit (230) and protection location
(240) it connects, the protection location (240) connect with the battery of battery pack (100)；Described control unit (210) and the electricity
Pond charge/discharge unit (230) connects, and described control unit (210) is connect with the battery management system (BMS) of battery pack (100),
Described control unit (210) is connect with the acousto-optic-electric display unit (220).
Battery charging and discharging unit (230), for charging the battery and discharging；Protection location (240), for cutting off electricity
The access that Chi Bao is charged and discharged；Acousto-optic-electric display unit (220), state and test result for showing battery pack.
Described control unit (210) includes：
Data-reading unit (211) is connect with the BMS of the battery pack (100), for reading battery pack battery history number
According to and current status data；
Data storage cell (212), connect with the data-reading unit, is read for storing the data-reading unit
Battery bag data；
Data processing unit (213), connect with the data storage cell, in analyzing and processing data storage unit
Battery bag data；
And data transmission unit (214), it is single with the data processing unit (213) and acousto-optic-electric display respectively
First (220) connection, the data for handling the data processing unit are output to the acousto-optic-electric display unit.
Preferably, the BMS connecting interfaces of described control unit (210) and the battery pack (100), which define, includes：CAN-
USB, RS232-USB, expansion interface PLC.
Preferably, the communications protocol that described control unit (210) is communicated with the BMS of the battery pack (100) includes using
Controller local area network's CAN bus, high-speed serial bus SPI protocol.
The present invention considers the battery various complex environment factors to be faced in use, from the voltage of battery,
The health status of comprehensive assessment battery pack in terms of internal resistance, capacity and temperature, complete in battery pack the health status of battery it is complete
Face is evaluated and tested, and the accuracy of test result is improved.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural principle block diagram of the lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 be the present invention lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation system in control unit structural principle block diagram；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation method of the present invention.
Wherein, the reference numerals are as follows：
100 battery pack, 200 battery pack health state evaluation system
210 control unit, 220 acousto-optic-electric display unit
230 battery charging and discharging unit, 240 protection location
211 data-reading unit, 212 data storage cell
213 data processing unit, 214 data transmission unit
Specific implementation mode
The lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation method flow diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 3.
For ferric phosphate lithium ion battery packet, a kind of lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation method of the invention, including
Following steps：
S1 reads battery pack by battery management system and respectively goes here and there the voltage data of battery, if the voltage data ＜ read
1.5V ＞ 3.85V then judge that battery pack has been in unhealthy status；If the voltage data read is between 1.5V and 3.85V
Between, then it carries out in next step；
S2,
S21 reads the data that battery pack last time is completely discharged, including discharge time tdWith discharge current Id, completely discharge
It is defined as：The state for being 100% from battery pack SOC is discharged to the state that SOC is 0%.
S22, according to calculation formula：Calculate the discharge capacity Q that battery pack is completely dischargedd,
S23, according to calculation formula：SOH=Qd/Q0× 100% obtains the SOH of battery packfd, Q0For the initial volume of battery pack
Constant volume,
S24, if SOHfd＜ 80% then judges that battery pack has been in unhealthy status；If SOHfd>=80%, then it carries out down
One step；
S3 reads the current SOC of battery pack,
If SOC≤50%, pass through inner walkway method, three kinds of methods of constant voltage discharge method of testing and capacity contrastive test method point
The health status value SOH of battery pack is not calculatedR、SOHVDAnd SOHC, then take three's minimum value as the SOH of battery pack
Value；
If SOC ＞ 50%, pass through inner walkway method, three kinds of methods of constant-voltage charge method of testing and capacity contrastive test method point
The health status value SOH of battery pack is not calculatedR、SOHVCAnd SOHC, then take three's minimum value as the SOH of battery pack
Value；
S4, according to the SOH value of the S3 battery packs obtained,
If SOH ＜ 80%, judge that battery pack is in unhealthy status；
If 80%≤SOH ＜ 90%, judge that battery pack is in two level health status；
If 90%≤SOH≤100%, judge that battery pack is in level-one health status；
Inner walkway method SOHRAssessment mode be：
Calculate Ra=△ U/I, wherein multichannel low current charge-discharge machine provides constant electric current, acquires electricity under normal potential
The changing value of pressure, standard time are that 500ms or shorter time gathered data carry out calculating A=R with nominal resistancea/R0, wherein
RaIndicate present battery resistance value, R0Indicate nominal battery resistance value.
If A ＞ 2, SOHR＜ 80%；
If 1 ＜ A≤2,80%≤SOHR＜ 90%；
If A≤1,90%≤SOHR≤ 100%.
The SOH of capacity Comparison MethodCAssessment mode is：
SOHC=K* (CT/CTRUE) * 100%,
Wherein, K is discharging efficiency, calculation formula K=CENG/CBMS, CENGIt is recorded by vehicle for motor peak power output
Instrument provides data, CBMSMaximum power is inputted for battery, data are provided by battery management system system.The determination of K values is ranging from
0.85~1.1, it is defaulted as 1 if K values are not in this range.
CTFor discharge capacity of the cell, calculation formula isIdFor discharge current, t0For initial time, tdFor
It discharges deadline.
CTRUE=(SOC0-SOCF)*CR, CRFor the rated capacity of battery, SOCFShown SOC at the end of for battery discharge
State, SOC0For SOC states shown before battery discharge.
SOHCCalculate value 4 times, results are averaged.
The SOH of constant-voltage charge methodVCAssessment mode is：
On the basis of a certain current potential of battery, given normal voltage 3.550V carries out charging and thinks to fill when electric current is reduced to 1A
Electricity is completed, and charging time T is calculatedVC。
If TVC＞ 2h, then SOHVC＜ 80%；
If 1h ＜ TVC≤ 2h, then 80%≤SOHVC＜ 90%；
If TVC≤ 1h, then 90%≤SOHVC≤ 100%.
The SOH of constant voltage discharge methodVDAssessment mode is：
On the basis of a certain current potential of battery, given normal voltage 2.650V carries out electric discharge and thinks when electric current is reduced to 1A
Electric discharge is completed, and discharge time T is calculatedVD。
If TVD＜ 30min, then SOHVD＜ 80%；
If 30min≤TVD＜ 45min, then 80%≤SOHVD＜ 90%；
If TVD>=45min, then 90%≤SOHVD≤ 100%.
As figures 1 and 2 show that system structure functional block diagram.
A kind of lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation system, including control unit (210), battery charging and discharging unit
(230), protection location (240) harmony photo-electronic display unit (220)；The battery charging and discharging unit (230) and protection location
(240) it connects, the protection location (240) connect with the battery of battery pack (100)；Described control unit (210) and the electricity
Pond charge/discharge unit (230) connects, and described control unit (210) is connect with the battery management system (BMS) of battery pack (100),
Described control unit (210) is connect with the acousto-optic-electric display unit (220).
Battery charging and discharging unit (230), for charging the battery and discharging；Protection location (240), for cutting off electricity
The access that Chi Bao is charged and discharged；Acousto-optic-electric display unit (220), state and test result for showing battery pack.
Described control unit (210) includes：
Data-reading unit (211) is connect with the BMS of the battery pack (100), for reading battery pack battery history number
According to and current status data；
Data storage cell (212), connect with the data-reading unit, is read for storing the data-reading unit
Battery bag data；
Data processing unit (213), connect with the data storage cell, in analyzing and processing data storage unit
Battery bag data；
And data transmission unit (214), it is single with the data processing unit (213) and acousto-optic-electric display respectively
First (220) connection, the data for handling the data processing unit are output to the acousto-optic-electric display unit.
Described control unit (210) and the BMS connecting interfaces definition of the battery pack (100) include：CAN-USB、
RS232-USB, expansion interface PLC.
The communications protocol that described control unit (210) is communicated with the BMS includes total using controller local area network CAN
Line, high-speed serial bus SPI protocol.
Appraisal procedure and system provided by the invention consider the battery various complicated rings to be faced in use
Border factor, the health status of comprehensive assessment battery pack in terms of the voltage of battery, internal resistance, capacity and temperature are completed to battery pack
Comprehensive evaluation and test of the health status of interior battery, improves the accuracy of test result.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1 presets a cell voltage threshold values decision condition, reads battery pack and respectively goes here and there the voltage data of battery, if the voltage number read
According to decision condition is not met, then judge that battery pack has been in unhealthy status；If the voltage data read meets decision condition,
It carries out in next step；
S2,
S21, the data that reading battery pack the last time completely discharges, including discharge time tdWith discharge current Id,
S22, according to calculation formula：Calculate the discharge capacity Q that battery pack is completely dischargedd,
S23, according to calculation formula：SOHfd=Qd/Q0× 100% obtains the SOH of battery packfd, Q0Hold for the initial nominal of battery pack
Amount,
S24, if SOHfd＜ 80% then judges that battery pack has been in unhealthy status；If SOHfd>=80%, then it carries out in next step；
S3 reads the current SOC of battery pack,
If SOC≤50%, counted respectively by three kinds of inner walkway method, constant voltage discharge method of testing and capacity contrastive test method methods
Calculate the health status value SOH for obtaining battery packR、SOHVDAnd SOHC, then take three's minimum value as the SOH value of battery pack；
If SOC ＞ 50%, counted respectively by three kinds of inner walkway method, constant-voltage charge method of testing and capacity contrastive test method methods
Calculate the health status value SOH for obtaining battery packR、SOHVCAnd SOHC, then take three's minimum value as the SOH value of battery pack；
S4, according to the SOH value of the S3 battery packs obtained,
If SOH ＜ 80%, judge that battery pack is in unhealthy status；
If 80%≤SOH ＜ 90%, judge that battery pack is in two level health status；
If 90%≤SOH≤100%, judge that battery pack is in level-one health status.
2. lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step sl,
The cell voltage threshold values is the minimum threshold values of the maximum threshold values and monomer battery voltage of monomer battery voltage,
If the battery pack read respectively goes here and there battery voltage data all between the monomer battery voltage maximum threshold values and the monomer
Between cell voltage minimum threshold values, then meet decision condition for voltage data；
Otherwise, it is that voltage data does not meet decision condition.
3. lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in step sl,
The monomer battery voltage maximum threshold values is 3.85V~4.2V, and the monomer battery voltage minimum threshold values is 1.5V~1.8V.
4. lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step sl,
The cell voltage threshold values is a voltage difference threshold values,
If the battery pack read respectively goes here and there the difference of maxima and minima in battery voltage data and is not more than the voltage difference valve
Value, then meet decision condition for voltage data；
Otherwise, it is that voltage data does not meet decision condition.
5. lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in step sl,
For ferric phosphate lithium ion battery packet, the voltage difference threshold values is 500mV~800mV.
6. a kind of lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation system using appraisal procedure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Including control unit, battery charging and discharging unit, protection location harmony photo-electronic display unit；The protection location connects with battery pack
It connects, the battery charging and discharging unit is connect with protection location, and described control unit is connect with the battery charging and discharging unit, described
The battery management system (BMS) of control unit and battery pack connects, and described control unit is connect with the acousto-optic-electric display unit.
7. lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Described control unit
Including：
Data-reading unit is connect with the battery management system, for reading battery pack battery history data and current state
Data；
Data storage cell is connect with the data-reading unit, the battery pack read for storing the data-reading unit
Data；
Data processing unit is connect with the data storage cell, for the battery pack number in analyzing and processing data storage unit
According to；
Data transmission unit is connect with the data processing unit and the acousto-optic-electric display unit respectively, and being used for will be described
The data of data processing unit processing are output to the acousto-optic-electric display unit.
8. lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Described control unit
It is defined as with the battery management system connecting interface：CAN-USB, RS232-USB, RS485 expansion interface PLC.
9. lithium ion battery packet health state evaluation system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Described control unit
The communications protocol communicated with the battery management system includes using controller local area network's CAN bus, high-speed serial bus SPI
Agreement.
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| CN106788254A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 清华大学 | The energy-storage battery method of evaluating performance of photovoltaic generating system |
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