CN111856289B - Battery pack health state estimation method - Google Patents
Battery pack health state estimation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111856289B CN111856289B CN202010910127.2A CN202010910127A CN111856289B CN 111856289 B CN111856289 B CN 111856289B CN 202010910127 A CN202010910127 A CN 202010910127A CN 111856289 B CN111856289 B CN 111856289B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile control, in particular to a method for estimating the health state of a battery pack. When the automobile runs, judging the basic heat level of the heat release of the battery; judging the basic voltage level of the battery voltage; judging the basic temperature grade of the battery temperature; when the automobile does not run, acquiring automobile parking environment parameters, and acquiring a temperature change trend grade for judging the temperature change trend of the battery, a heat change trend grade for judging the heat change trend of the battery and a voltage change trend grade for judging the voltage change trend of the battery according to the automobile parking environment parameters and parking time; and synthesizing the basic heat grade, the basic voltage grade, the basic temperature grade, the temperature change trend grade, the heat change trend grade and the voltage change trend grade to obtain the health state of the battery pack. The invention adopts the vehicle running data and the standing environment data to estimate the health state of the vehicle in the standing state when the vehicle stops working.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile control, in particular to a method for estimating the health state of a battery pack.
Background
The statistical data shows that 41% of the new energy vehicles in which a fire accident occurred (the vehicle state at the time of the fire was ascertained) were in a running state, 40% were in a standing state, and 19% were in a charged state. When a vehicle is in a running state and a charging state, controllers on the vehicle are in a working state, and the health state of a power battery can be effectively detected on line, but in a standing state, the vehicle is in a power-off state, all the controllers are in a sleep mode, and the health state of the power battery cannot be effectively monitored, and at present, the following three processing modes exist in the processing of a battery system when the vehicle is in the standing state: 1. most electric vehicles in the market accept the vehicle fire risk in a standing state; 2. waking up a vehicle controller at regular time and detecting the state of a battery; 3. the vehicle is always in the non-sleep state, and the battery state is always detected. In the mode 1, when the vehicle is in a standing state, the state monitoring of the battery is in an unmanned state, the real state of the vehicle cannot be effectively evaluated, and the battery of the vehicle is out of control at any time; for the modes 2 and 3, the energy of the vehicle is continuously consumed, about 1% of the electric quantity of the battery pack is counted every day, and under the condition that various large vehicle enterprises and drivers pay attention to the battery endurance, the scheme of intangible consumption of the battery energy is not easily accepted by people.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and provides a method for estimating a state of health of a battery pack.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for estimating the state of health of a battery pack is characterized in that: when the automobile runs, collecting the power of the battery pack to judge the basic heat level of the heat release of the battery pack; collecting the voltage of the battery pack to judge the basic voltage level of the voltage of the battery pack; collecting the temperature of the battery pack and judging the basic temperature grade of the temperature of the battery pack;
when the automobile does not run, acquiring automobile parking environment parameters, acquiring a temperature change trend grade for judging the temperature change trend of the battery pack, a heat change trend grade for judging the heat change trend of the battery pack and a voltage change trend grade for judging the voltage change trend of the battery pack according to the automobile parking environment parameters and parking time;
the health state of the battery pack is obtained by integrating the basic heat grade, the basic voltage grade, the basic temperature grade, the temperature change trend grade, the heat change trend grade and the voltage change trend grade;
the number of the automobile parking environment parameters comprises an environment temperature; the vehicle not operating includes the vehicle being in a charging state and being in a non-charging state.
Further, the method for obtaining the health condition of the battery pack comprises the following steps: dividing three basic levels of basic heat level, basic voltage level and basic temperature level, three change trend levels of temperature change trend level, heat change trend level and voltage change trend level into a high level, a middle level and a low level according to the influence of each level on the health state of the battery pack, and if no high level appears in the six levels, judging that the battery pack is healthy and has no risk; if the temperature variation trend grade or the heat variation trend grade is a high grade, and other four grades have no high grade, judging that the battery pack is in a healthy low-risk condition; if the basic heat level or/and the basic temperature level is/are high level, and other four levels are not high level, judging that the battery pack is in unhealthy middle risk condition; and if the three basic grades have high grades and the three variation trend grades also have high grades, judging that the battery pack is in an unhealthy high-risk condition.
The method for judging the basic heat level further comprises the following steps: calculating the basic heat quantity of the automobile during driving according to the following formula:
Q＝ΔP*t
wherein: q is the basic heat generated by the battery pack during the driving process of the automobile;
delta P is the difference value of the required power of the driver and the actual power of the power battery in the driving process of the automobile;
t is the driving time of the automobile;
when Q is larger than or equal to the first basic heat set value, the basic heat grade of the battery pack is high grade; when Q is at the first base heat setting value and the second base heat setting value, the base heat level of the battery pack is a medium level; when Q is less than or equal to a second basic heat set value, the basic heat level of the battery pack is low; the first base heat setpoint is greater than the second base heat setpoint.
The method for judging the base voltage level further comprises the following steps: the method for judging the base voltage level comprises the following steps: in the driving process of the automobile, acquiring voltage data of a battery cell with the lowest voltage in a battery pack as voltage basic data; if the voltage basic data is larger than or equal to the first basic voltage set value or smaller than the fourth basic voltage set value, the basic voltage of the battery pack is of a high grade;
if the voltage basic data is less than the first basic voltage set value and is more than or equal to the second basic voltage set value or is more than or equal to the fourth basic voltage set value and is less than the third basic voltage set value, the basic voltage of the battery pack is of a medium grade;
if the voltage basic data is less than the second basic voltage set value and is not less than the third basic voltage set value, the basic voltage of the battery pack is of low level;
the first basic voltage set value, the second basic voltage set value, the third basic voltage set value and the fourth basic voltage set value are sequentially decreased.
The method for judging the base temperature level further comprises the following steps: in the driving process of the automobile, acquiring temperature data of a battery core with the highest temperature in a battery pack as temperature basic data; if the temperature basic data is not less than the first basic temperature set value, the basic temperature grade of the battery pack is high grade; if the temperature basic data is between the first basic temperature set value and the second basic temperature set value, the basic temperature grade of the battery pack is a medium grade; if the temperature basic data is not more than the second basic temperature set value, the basic temperature grade of the battery pack is low grade; the first base temperature set point is greater than the second base temperature set point.
The further method for judging the temperature variation trend grade, the heat variation trend grade and the voltage variation trend grade comprises the following steps: acquiring a temperature change trend factor which respectively influences the temperature change trend of the battery pack, a heat change trend factor which influences the heat change trend of the battery pack and a voltage change trend factor which influences the voltage change trend of the battery pack according to parking environment parameters and parking time, respectively summing the acquired temperature change trend factor, heat change trend factor and voltage change trend factor, setting two large and small set values for the temperature change trend, the heat change trend and the voltage change trend in a calibration mode, dividing the two set values into high, medium and low three levels, and comparing the obtained sum value with the corresponding set value to obtain a temperature change trend level, a heat change trend level and a voltage change trend level;
when the automobile is in a charging state, obtaining the temperature change trend grade, the heat change trend grade and the voltage change trend grade of the battery pack according to the method;
when the automobile is in a non-charging state, the temperature change trend grade of the battery pack is obtained according to the method, and the heat change trend grade and the voltage change trend grade are directly set to be low grades.
The method for acquiring the temperature variation trend factor, the heat variation trend factor and the voltage variation trend factor which influence the temperature, the heat and the voltage variation trend of the battery pack according to the parking time further comprises the following steps:
setting a large set value and a small set value corresponding to the parking time in a calibration mode, wherein the parking time is divided into a high parking time interval, a medium parking time interval and a low parking time interval by the two set values;
when the vehicle is in a charging state and the parking time is in a high parking time interval, the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is a1, the heat change trend factor is b1 and the voltage change trend factor is c 1; the parking time is in a middle parking time interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is a2, the heat change trend factor is b2 and the voltage change trend factor is c 2; the parking time is in a low parking time interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is a3, the heat change trend factor is b3 and the voltage change trend factor is c 3; and a1> a2> a3, b1> b2> b3, c1> c2> c 3;
when the vehicle is in a non-charging state, the parking time is in a high parking time interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.5a 1; the parking time is in a middle parking time interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.5a 2; the parking time is in a low parking time interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.5a 3; the heat variation tendency factor corresponding to the parking time is 0, and the voltage variation tendency factor is 0.
The method for acquiring the temperature variation trend factor, the heat variation trend factor and the voltage variation trend factor which influence the temperature, the heat and the voltage variation trend of the battery pack according to the parking environment parameters further comprises the following steps:
the environmental parameters comprise environmental light intensity and environmental temperature, the influence of the environmental light intensity on the battery pack and the influence of the environmental temperature on the battery pack are superposed in an equal proportion mode to obtain environmental parameter values, a large set value and a small set value corresponding to the environmental parameters are set in a calibration mode, the two set values divide the environmental parameters into three environmental parameter intervals of high, medium and low,
when the vehicle is in a charging state, the environmental parameter value is in a high environmental parameter interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environmental parameter is a4, the heat change trend factor is b4 and the voltage change trend factor is c 4; the environment parameter value is in the middle environment parameter interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environment parameter is a5, the heat change trend factor is b5 and the voltage change trend factor is c 5; the environment parameter value is in a low environment parameter interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environment parameter is a6, the heat change trend factor is b6 and the voltage change trend factor is c 6; and a4> a5> a6, b4> b5> b6, c4> c5> c 6;
when the vehicle is in a non-charging state, the environmental parameter value is in a high environmental parameter interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environmental parameter is 0.5a 4; the environment parameter value is in the middle environment parameter interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environment parameter value is 0.5a 5; the environmental parameter value is in a low parking time interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environmental parameter is 0.5a 6; the heat variation trend factor corresponding to the environmental parameter value is 0, and the voltage variation trend factor is 0.
Further, the method for obtaining the environmental parameter value by superposing the influence of the environmental light intensity on the battery pack and the influence of the environmental temperature on the battery pack in an equal proportion mode comprises the following steps: setting two set values corresponding to the environment temperature, namely one large set value and one small set value, by a calibration mode, wherein the two set values divide the environment temperature into a high environment temperature interval, a middle environment temperature interval and a low environment temperature interval; the proportionality coefficients of the environmental temperatures in three environmental temperature intervals of high, middle and low are d1, d2 and d3 respectively, and d1> d2> d 3;
setting two set values corresponding to the environmental light intensity, namely one large set value and one small set value, in a calibration mode, wherein the two set values divide the environmental light intensity into three environmental light intensity intervals, namely a high environmental light intensity interval, a middle environmental light intensity interval and a low environmental light intensity interval; the proportionality coefficients of the ambient light intensity in the high, middle and low three ambient light intensity intervals are e1, e2 and e3 respectively, and e1> e2> e 3;
and superposing the ambient temperature proportional coefficient and the ambient light intensity proportional coefficient to obtain an ambient parameter value.
Acquiring operation fault information of the battery pack in the further automobile operation process, wherein if the battery pack has over-temperature faults of over-current, over-voltage, under-voltage, over-temperature, sampling open circuit and short circuit in the operation process, the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the over-temperature faults after the automobile is stopped is a 7;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining historical charging and discharging times of a battery pack, setting a set value corresponding to the charging and discharging times to be larger than the set value, dividing the charging and discharging times into three charging and discharging time intervals of high, medium and low, wherein heat change trend factors corresponding to the historical charging and discharging times when the historical charging and discharging times are in the three charging and discharging time intervals of the high, medium and low are b7, b8 and b9 respectively, and b7 is larger than b8 and larger than b 9.
The method utilizes the battery pack health state budget model, adopts the vehicle running data and the standing environment data (the standing environment data is rapidly collected before the vehicle stops, the health state of the vehicle in the standing state is estimated when the vehicle stops working, and effective advice of a driver is given when the driver leaves the vehicle, so that the problem that the thermal runaway of a power battery occurs after the driver stops and stands is avoided.
The battery pack health state budget model can predict the health state of the power battery in a standing state under the driving state of the vehicle, and solves the problem that the power battery cannot be effectively detected or the energy consumption is high under the standing state of the vehicle;
the method utilizes a big data principle to evaluate the health state of the power battery of the vehicle in real time and predictably, so that a driver can predict the health state of the power battery in advance, recognize the thermal runaway risk of the power battery in advance, take effective measures to protect the battery and reduce the thermal runaway risk of the power battery.
A plurality of key parameters for judging the state of the battery are selected, and the accuracy of the evaluation of the state of health of the battery is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention relates to a battery pack health status grading and disposal measure flow chart.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
The embodiment provides an estimation model of the health state of the battery pack, and corresponding measures are given according to the health state of the battery pack calculated by the estimation model.
The specific estimation method is as follows: in the driving process of the automobile, acquiring the power condition of the battery to obtain the basic heat level capable of judging the heat release of the battery, and calculating the basic heat of the automobile in the driving process according to the following formula:
Q＝ΔP*t
wherein: q is the basic heat generated by the battery pack during the driving process of the automobile;
delta P is the difference value of the required power of the driver and the actual power of the power battery in the driving process of the automobile;
t is the driving time of the automobile;
when Q is more than or equal to 30t, the basic heat level of the battery pack is high; when Q is 5 t-30 t, the basic heat level of the battery pack is a medium level; when Q is less than or equal to 5t, the basic heat level of the battery pack is low, the set value can be calibrated in actual use, and different set values are adopted for different battery packs, so that the heat release condition of the battery pack can be reflected more accurately.
In the running process of an automobile, acquiring the voltage condition of a battery to obtain a basic voltage grade capable of judging the voltage of the battery, and acquiring voltage data of a battery cell with the lowest voltage in a battery pack as voltage basic data; if the voltage basic data is more than or equal to 4.20v, the basic voltage of the battery pack is high grade; if the voltage basic data is less than 4.20V and more than or equal to 4.18V, the basic voltage of the battery pack is in a medium level; and if the voltage basic data is less than 4.18v and more than or equal to 2.80v, the basic voltage of the battery pack is of low level. In fact, the fact that the voltage of the battery pack is too high or too low indicates that the battery pack has a problem, therefore, for the case that the voltage of the battery pack is too low, the embodiment is divided in such a way that the voltage data of the battery cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack is collected as the voltage basic data; if the voltage basic data is less than 1.50v, the basic voltage of the battery pack is of a high grade; if the voltage basic data is less than 2.80V and more than or equal to 1.50V, the basic voltage of the battery pack is in a medium level; and if the voltage basic data is less than 4.18v and more than or equal to 2.80v, the basic voltage of the battery pack is of low level.
In the running process of an automobile, acquiring the temperature condition of a battery pack to judge the basic temperature grade of the temperature of the battery pack, and acquiring the temperature data of a battery cell with the highest temperature in the battery pack as temperature basic data; if the temperature basic data is more than or equal to 55 ℃, the basic temperature of the battery pack is high grade; if the temperature basic data is between 45 and 55 ℃, the basic temperature of the battery pack is in a medium grade; if the temperature basic data is less than or equal to 45 ℃, the basic temperature of the battery pack is of low grade.
The battery pack condition of the automobile in the driving process is collected, and the battery pack condition of the automobile after parking is estimated next.
Firstly, the parking time is estimated, and the method for acquiring the parking time comprises the following steps: calculating the parking time of the automobile according to the following formula:
T＝Ti+max[ΔT1，…，ΔTn]
wherein: t is the parking time of the automobile;
ti is the stop time preset by the driver through the instrument panel at this time;
Δ T1 — difference between driver first preset and actual downtime;
Δ Tn — the difference between the nth preset downtime of the driver and the actual downtime;
through carrying out big data statistics on the error between the past estimated time input and the actual parking time of the driver, after parking for many times, the parking time of the automobile can be accurately predicted, so that the health condition of the automobile battery pack after parking can be accurately judged.
The method for acquiring the variation trend of the battery pack temperature, heat and voltage according to the parking time comprises the following steps: when the parking time T is more than or equal to 5h, the heat change trend factor of the parking time corresponding to the heat change trend is 0.3, the voltage change trend factor of the parking time corresponding to the voltage change trend is 0.3, and the temperature change trend factor of the parking time corresponding to the temperature change trend is 0.3; when the parking time T is between 2h and 5h, the heat variation trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.2, the voltage variation trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.2, and the temperature variation trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.2; when the parking time T is less than or equal to 2h, the heat variation trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.1, the voltage variation trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.1, and the temperature variation trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.1, which is the calculation method of the variation trend factor when the automobile battery pack is in a charging state.
When the automobile battery pack is in a non-charging state, when the parking time T is more than or equal to 5h, the temperature change trend factor of the parking time corresponding to the temperature change trend is 0.15; when the parking time T is between 2h and 5h, the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.1; when the parking time T is less than or equal to 2h, the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.05, the heat change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0, and the voltage change trend factor is 0.
The environmental parameters of the automobile parking position are collected, because the environment of the automobile parking position has great influence on the automobile battery pack, the environmental parameters collected by the embodiment comprise the environmental temperature and the environmental light intensity of the automobile parking position. The present embodiment divides the ambient temperature into three levels and the ambient light intensity into three levels according to the ambient temperature and the ambient light intensity.
The specific partitioning method is as follows: collecting the ambient light intensity of a parking place, wherein the ambient light intensity is high grade when the ambient light intensity is more than or equal to 50000 lx; when the ambient light intensity is between 10000lx and 50000lx, the ambient light intensity is of a medium level; when the ambient light intensity is less than 10000lx, the ambient light intensity is low level;
collecting the environmental temperature of a parking place, wherein the environmental temperature is high grade when the environmental temperature is more than or equal to 30 ℃; when the ambient temperature is between 25 ℃ and 30 ℃, the ambient temperature is of a medium grade; when the environmental temperature is less than or equal to 25 ℃, the environmental temperature is low grade.
Actually, the influence of the ambient light intensity on the battery pack is also carried out in a temperature changing mode, so that the ambient light intensity and the ambient temperature can be integrated to obtain the numerical value of the environmental parameter, and when the ambient light intensity is of a high grade, the proportionality coefficient of the ambient light intensity is 9; when the ambient light intensity is of a medium level, the proportionality coefficient of the ambient light intensity is 6; when the ambient light intensity is at a low level, the proportionality coefficient for the ambient light intensity is 3.
When the environment temperature is of a high grade, the proportionality coefficient of the environment temperature is 9; when the ambient temperature is of a medium grade, the proportionality coefficient of the ambient temperature is 6; when the ambient temperature is low, the proportionality coefficient of the ambient temperature is 3.
Superposing the proportional coefficients of the ambient light intensity and the ambient temperature to obtain the numerical value of the environmental parameter, wherein when the numerical value of the environmental parameter is more than or equal to 15, the environmental parameter is in a high grade; when the value of the environmental parameter is less than 15 and more than or equal to 12, the environmental parameter is in a medium grade; when the value of the environmental parameter is < 12, the environmental parameter is at a low level.
When the automobile does not run and is in a charging state, the environmental parameters are in a high level, and the temperature change trend factor, the heat change trend factor and the voltage change trend factor corresponding to the environmental parameters are respectively 0.8, 0.8 and 0.8; the environment parameter is in a middle grade, and the temperature change trend factor, the heat change trend factor and the voltage change trend factor corresponding to the environment parameter are respectively 0.5, 0.5 and 0.5; the environmental parameters are at a low level, and the temperature variation tendency factor, the heat variation tendency factor and the voltage variation tendency factor corresponding to the environmental parameters are 0.3, 0.3 and 0.3 respectively.
When the automobile does not run and is in a non-charging state, the environmental parameter is in a high level, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environmental parameter is 0.4; the environmental parameter is in the middle grade, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environmental parameter is 0.25; the environmental parameters are in low level, the temperature variation trend factor corresponding to the environmental parameters is 0.15, the heat variation trend factor corresponding to the environmental parameters is 0, and the voltage variation trend factor is 0.
In addition, the embodiment also considers the influence of the fault condition and the charge-discharge condition of the automobile battery pack on the battery pack, collects the operation fault information of the battery pack in the running process of the automobile, and if the battery pack has over-temperature faults of overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage, overtemperature, sampling open circuit and short circuit in the running process, the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the over-temperature fault after the automobile is stopped is 0.7;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining historical charging and discharging times of a battery pack, setting a set value corresponding to the charging and discharging times to be larger, dividing the charging and discharging times into a high charging and discharging time interval, a middle charging and discharging time interval and a low charging and discharging time interval, and enabling heat change trend factors corresponding to the historical charging and discharging times to be 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2 when the historical charging and discharging times are in the high charging and discharging time interval, the middle charging and discharging time interval and the.
In summary, the temperature variation trend factors, the heat variation trend factors and the voltage variation trend factors are accumulated, and when the temperature variation trend factor accumulation influencing the temperature variation trend is more than or equal to 3, the temperature variation trend grade is high grade; when the temperature change trend factor accumulation is between 1 and 3, the temperature change trend grade is a medium grade; when the temperature change trend factor accumulation is less than or equal to 1, the temperature change trend grade is low grade;
when the heat variation trend factor accumulation influencing the heat variation trend is more than or equal to 3, the heat variation trend grade is a high grade; when the heat factor accumulation is between 1 and 3, the heat change trend grade is a medium grade; when the heat variation trend factor accumulation is less than or equal to 1, the heat variation trend grade is low grade;
when the voltage change trend factor accumulation influencing the voltage change trend is more than or equal to 2, the voltage change trend grade is a high grade; when the voltage variation trend factor accumulation is between 1 and 2, the voltage variation trend grade is a medium grade; when the voltage change trend factor accumulation is less than or equal to 1, the voltage change trend grade is low grade.
As shown in fig. 1, the three basic levels of the basic heat level, the basic voltage level and the basic temperature level and the three variation trend levels of the temperature variation trend level, the heat variation trend level and the voltage variation trend level are comprehensively evaluated, and if no high level appears in all the six levels, the battery pack is judged to be in a healthy and risk-free state, and no measure is taken on the automobile; if the temperature variation trend grade or the heat variation trend grade is a high grade, and other four grades have no high grade, judging that the battery pack is in a healthy low-risk condition, and recommending to replace the automobile parking position; if the basic heat level or/and the basic temperature level is/are high level, and other four levels are not high level, judging that the battery pack is in unhealthy risk condition, and recommending to start a battery pack heat dissipation and water cooling system to dissipate heat of the battery pack; and if the three basic grades have high grades and the three variation trend grades also have high grades, judging that the battery pack is in an unhealthy high-risk condition, and recommending to a 4S store for maintenance and inspection immediately.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A method for estimating the state of health of a battery pack is characterized in that: when the automobile runs, collecting the power of the battery pack to judge the basic heat level of the heat release of the battery pack; collecting the voltage of the battery pack to judge the basic voltage level of the voltage of the battery pack; collecting the temperature of the battery pack and judging the basic temperature grade of the temperature of the battery pack;
when the automobile does not run, acquiring automobile parking environment parameters, acquiring a temperature change trend grade for judging the temperature change trend of the battery pack, a heat change trend grade for judging the heat change trend of the battery pack and a voltage change trend grade for judging the voltage change trend of the battery pack according to the automobile parking environment parameters and parking time;
the health state of the battery pack is obtained by integrating the basic heat grade, the basic voltage grade, the basic temperature grade, the temperature change trend grade, the heat change trend grade and the voltage change trend grade;
the number of the automobile parking environment parameters comprises an environment temperature; the vehicle not operating includes the vehicle being in a charged state and being in a non-charged state;
the method for judging the temperature change trend grade, the heat change trend grade and the voltage change trend grade comprises the following steps: acquiring a temperature change trend factor which respectively influences the temperature change trend of the battery pack, a heat change trend factor which influences the heat change trend of the battery pack and a voltage change trend factor which influences the voltage change trend of the battery pack according to parking environment parameters and parking time, respectively summing the acquired temperature change trend factor, heat change trend factor and voltage change trend factor, setting two large and small set values for the temperature change trend, the heat change trend and the voltage change trend in a calibration mode, dividing the two set values into high, medium and low three levels, and comparing the obtained sum value with the corresponding set value to obtain a temperature change trend level, a heat change trend level and a voltage change trend level;
when the automobile is in a charging state, obtaining the temperature change trend grade, the heat change trend grade and the voltage change trend grade of the battery pack according to the method;
when the automobile is in a non-charging state, the temperature change trend grade of the battery pack is obtained according to the method, and the heat change trend grade and the voltage change trend grade are directly set to be low grades.
2. The battery pack state of health estimation method of claim 1, wherein: the method for obtaining the health condition of the battery pack comprises the following steps: dividing three basic levels of basic heat level, basic voltage level and basic temperature level, three change trend levels of temperature change trend level, heat change trend level and voltage change trend level into a high level, a middle level and a low level according to the influence of each level on the health state of the battery pack, and if no high level appears in the six levels, judging that the battery pack is healthy and has no risk; if the temperature variation trend grade or the heat variation trend grade is a high grade, and other four grades have no high grade, judging that the battery pack is in a healthy low-risk condition; if the basic heat level or/and the basic temperature level is/are high level, and other four levels are not high level, judging that the battery pack is in unhealthy middle risk condition; and if the three basic grades have high grades and the three variation trend grades also have high grades, judging that the battery pack is in an unhealthy high-risk condition.
3. The battery pack state of health estimation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the method for judging the basic heat level comprises the following steps: calculating the basic heat quantity of the automobile during driving according to the following formula:
Q＝ΔP*t
wherein: q is the basic heat generated by the battery pack during the driving process of the automobile;
delta P is the difference value of the required power of the driver and the actual power of the power battery in the driving process of the automobile;
t is the driving time of the automobile;
when Q is larger than or equal to the first basic heat set value, the basic heat grade of the battery pack is high grade; when Q is at the first base heat setting value and the second base heat setting value, the base heat level of the battery pack is a medium level; when Q is less than or equal to a second basic heat set value, the basic heat level of the battery pack is low; the first base heat setpoint is greater than the second base heat setpoint.
4. The battery pack state of health estimation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the method for judging the base voltage level comprises the following steps: in the driving process of the automobile, acquiring voltage data of a battery cell with the lowest voltage in a battery pack as voltage basic data; if the voltage basic data is larger than or equal to the first basic voltage set value or smaller than the fourth basic voltage set value, the basic voltage of the battery pack is of a high grade;
if the voltage basic data is less than the first basic voltage set value and is more than or equal to the second basic voltage set value or is more than or equal to the fourth basic voltage set value and is less than the third basic voltage set value, the basic voltage of the battery pack is of a medium grade;
if the voltage basic data is less than the second basic voltage set value and is not less than the third basic voltage set value, the basic voltage of the battery pack is of low level;
the first basic voltage set value, the second basic voltage set value, the third basic voltage set value and the fourth basic voltage set value are sequentially decreased.
5. The battery pack state of health estimation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the method for judging the base temperature level comprises the following steps: in the driving process of the automobile, acquiring temperature data of a battery core with the highest temperature in a battery pack as temperature basic data; if the temperature basic data is not less than the first basic temperature set value, the basic temperature grade of the battery pack is high grade; if the temperature basic data is between the first basic temperature set value and the second basic temperature set value, the basic temperature grade of the battery pack is a medium grade; if the temperature basic data is not more than the second basic temperature set value, the basic temperature grade of the battery pack is low grade; the first base temperature set point is greater than the second base temperature set point.
6. The battery pack state of health estimation method of claim 1, wherein: the method for acquiring the temperature change trend factor, the heat change trend factor and the voltage change trend factor which influence the temperature, the heat and the voltage change trend of the battery pack according to the parking time comprises the following steps:
setting a large set value and a small set value corresponding to the parking time in a calibration mode, wherein the parking time is divided into a high parking time interval, a medium parking time interval and a low parking time interval by the two set values;
when the vehicle is in a charging state and the parking time is in a high parking time interval, the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is a1, the heat change trend factor is b1 and the voltage change trend factor is c 1; the parking time is in a middle parking time interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is a2, the heat change trend factor is b2 and the voltage change trend factor is c 2; the parking time is in a low parking time interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is a3, the heat change trend factor is b3 and the voltage change trend factor is c 3; and a1> a2> a3, b1> b2> b3, c1> c2> c 3;
when the vehicle is in a non-charging state, the parking time is in a high parking time interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.5a 1; the parking time is in a middle parking time interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.5a 2; the parking time is in a low parking time interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the parking time is 0.5a 3; the heat variation tendency factor corresponding to the parking time is 0, and the voltage variation tendency factor is 0.
7. The battery pack state of health estimation method of claim 6, wherein: the method for acquiring the temperature change trend factor, the heat change trend factor and the voltage change trend factor which influence the temperature, the heat and the voltage change trend of the battery pack according to the parking environment parameters comprises the following steps:
the environmental parameters comprise environmental light intensity and environmental temperature, the influence of the environmental light intensity on the battery pack and the influence of the environmental temperature on the battery pack are superposed in an equal proportion mode to obtain environmental parameter values, a large set value and a small set value corresponding to the environmental parameters are set in a calibration mode, the two set values divide the environmental parameters into three environmental parameter intervals of high, medium and low,
when the vehicle is in a charging state, the environmental parameter value is in a high environmental parameter interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environmental parameter is a4, the heat change trend factor is b4 and the voltage change trend factor is c 4; the environment parameter value is in the middle environment parameter interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environment parameter is a5, the heat change trend factor is b5 and the voltage change trend factor is c 5; the environment parameter value is in a low environment parameter interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environment parameter is a6, the heat change trend factor is b6 and the voltage change trend factor is c 6; and a4> a5> a6, b4> b5> b6, c4> c5> c 6;
when the vehicle is in a non-charging state, the environmental parameter value is in a high environmental parameter interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environmental parameter is 0.5a 4; the environment parameter value is in the middle environment parameter interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environment parameter value is 0.5a 5; the environmental parameter value is in a low parking time interval, and the temperature change trend factor corresponding to the environmental parameter is 0.5a 6; the heat variation trend factor corresponding to the environmental parameter value is 0, and the voltage variation trend factor is 0.
8. The battery pack state of health estimation method of claim 7, wherein: the method for obtaining the environmental parameter value by superposing the influence of the environmental light intensity on the battery pack and the influence of the environmental temperature on the battery pack in an equal proportion mode comprises the following steps: setting two set values corresponding to the environment temperature, namely one large set value and one small set value, by a calibration mode, wherein the two set values divide the environment temperature into a high environment temperature interval, a middle environment temperature interval and a low environment temperature interval; the proportionality coefficients of the environmental temperatures in three environmental temperature intervals of high, middle and low are d1, d2 and d3 respectively, and d1> d2> d 3;
setting two set values corresponding to the environmental light intensity, namely one large set value and one small set value, in a calibration mode, wherein the two set values divide the environmental light intensity into three environmental light intensity intervals, namely a high environmental light intensity interval, a middle environmental light intensity interval and a low environmental light intensity interval; the proportionality coefficients of the ambient light intensity in the high, middle and low three ambient light intensity intervals are e1, e2 and e3 respectively, and e1> e2> e 3;
and superposing the ambient temperature proportional coefficient and the ambient light intensity proportional coefficient to obtain an ambient parameter value.
9. The battery pack state of health estimation method of claim 1, wherein: collecting operation fault information of a battery pack in the operation process of the automobile, wherein if the battery pack has over-temperature faults of over-current, over-voltage, under-voltage, over-temperature, sampling open circuit and short circuit in the operation process, a temperature change trend factor corresponding to the over-temperature faults after the automobile is stopped is a 7;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining historical charging and discharging times of a battery pack, setting a set value corresponding to the charging and discharging times to be larger than the set value, dividing the charging and discharging times into three charging and discharging time intervals of high, medium and low, wherein heat change trend factors corresponding to the historical charging and discharging times when the historical charging and discharging times are in the three charging and discharging time intervals of the high, medium and low are b7, b8 and b9 respectively, and b7 is larger than b8 and larger than b 9.
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