CN103427459B - Battery pack capacity equilibrium method - Google Patents
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- CN103427459B CN103427459B CN201310322989.3A CN201310322989A CN103427459B CN 103427459 B CN103427459 B CN 103427459B CN 201310322989 A CN201310322989 A CN 201310322989A CN 103427459 B CN103427459 B CN 103427459B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a battery pack capacity equilibrium method. The battery pack capacity equilibrium method comprises the steps of recording a charging voltage curve of each single battery in a battery pack; recording the moment that voltage of one single battery reaches to pre-charging cut-off voltage Um as the full-charging moment t0 of the battery pack, and marking the single battery as a single battery 1; recording the voltage of other N-1 single batteries which do not reach the pre-charging cut-off voltage Um at the full-charging moment t0; calculating an estimated value of residual charging time; calculating estimated residual charging electric quantity of the N-1 single batteries; calculating equalizing current IE of an ith single battery according to the estimated residual charging electric quantity CRC of the ith single battery; performing equalization operation. By using the battery pack capacity equilibrium method, all of single batteries can achieve full-charging voltage after the battery pack is equalized, accordingly full equalization of the battery pack is achieved, and the capacity of the battery pack tends to maximum utilization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Vehicular dynamic battery technical field, be specifically related to a kind of battery pack capacity equilibrium method.
Background technology
In the function system of pure electric automobile, owing to being confined to voltage and the capacity of single lithium battery, the battery cell connection in series-parallel that one-tenth hundred must be saved forms battery pack, provides enough power and energy to meet the requirement that it accelerates climbing and course continuation mileage to pure electric automobile.If not there are differences between battery cell, so the battery pack of pure electric automobile is consistent with battery cell on useful life with fail safe.But, always there is inconsistency between battery cell in inconsistent due to the inconsistent of manufacturing process and use procedure environment.Battery cell battery in groups after, its energy density, the performance such as durability and fail safe all can decline because of the inconsistency between battery cell.Between battery cell in groups, inconsistency in use enlarged meeting causes the decline of battery capacity and power, may cause safety problem further.In order to avoid this problem, except except screening battery in groups to ensure there is good consistency between stack battery monomer, online battery cell balancing technique is adopted to be the effective means preventing inconsistency from use expanding.
The equalization algorithm of usual employing is mainly divided into two classes, namely based on the equalization algorithm of voltage and the equalization algorithm based on state-of-charge (State ofCharge, SOC).
Based on the equalization algorithm of voltage, directly can measure obtain due to battery cell voltage, the equilibrium based on voltage is easy to most realize, thus also for generally to adopt.
Wherein, the equalization algorithm based on state-of-charge can obtain making full use of of battery capacity under the consistent prerequisite of each battery cell capacity, but needs the state-of-charge obtaining battery cell in process, and it realizes in difficulty slightly large.Equalization algorithm based on voltage is with the shortcoming of the equalization algorithm based on state-of-charge: with voltage or state-of-charge consistent with target, owing to lacking grasp to battery cell capacity information, thus all may cause the mistake equalization problem of battery pack.Such as, the battery cell B of battery cell A and the joint 10Ah of one joint 5Ah connects, suppose that its initial state-of-charge is all 1 and voltage is identical, after electric discharge 4Ah, the state-of-charge of battery cell A is 20%, is less than the state-of-charge 60% of battery cell B, and the voltage of same battery cell A is less than the voltage of battery cell B, by with voltage or state-of-charge unanimously for the algorithm of target, need to carry out charge balancing to A or carry out equalization discharge to B.2Ah is given battery cell A by battery cell B, B remains 4Ah, but due to the loss of circuit, battery cell A has to 1Ah, now battery cell A remains 2Ah, when both voltages after equilibrium or state-of-charge consistent time, now hypothesis is 40%, and battery pack carries out the charging of 2Ah, then now the state-of-charge of battery cell A is 80%, be greater than the state-of-charge 60% of battery cell B, by with voltage or state-of-charge unanimously for the algorithm of target, need to carry out equalization discharge to A or carry out charge balancing to B.If employing energy transfer efficiency is the non-energy consumption formula equilibrium of ideal of 100%, this equalization algorithm charged to the time of electric discharge during battery cell still can accept, but in fact the loss of energy trasfer is inevitable, and it is balanced for energy consumption formula, such equalization algorithm means the loss of capacity and increasing the weight of of heat radiation load, therefore how to avoid equilibrium to be the problem needing to solve.
Propose based on the consistent equalization methods of single point voltage for this reason, namely when battery average voltage reaches a certain value, carry out equilibrium according to each battery cell voltage swing in this voltage place.To discharge final voltage unanimously for target and the special case with the consistent equalization methods for target of the final voltage that charges being all single point voltage equalization algorithm.But the equalization methods based on voltage and the equalization methods based on state-of-charge all directly can not embody balanced final purpose at present, namely ensure the maximum utilization of battery capacity, therefore the equalization algorithm based on capacity is proposed again further.Two classes can be divided into based on capacity equilibrium algorithm, namely consistent with residue charging capacity based on socking out capacity.These two kinds of methods are all the adequate condition that minimum battery cell capacity is fully used.Certainly the difficult point based on capacity equilibrium is how to obtain battery cell capacity and state-of-charge, and this is great for its difficulty for line computation identification.
In fact to discharge final voltage completely unanimously for target is with consistent with target with the final voltage that charges completely, or can both ensure to be fully used at minimum monomer capacity with the last state-of-charge that discharges completely to be 0 be target with the equilibrium that the last state-of-charge that charges completely be 100% is target.Battery pack due to electric automobile usually can not be discharged to complete empty but constant current charge generally can be adopted to full up, therefore as how constant current charge completes voltage unanimously for the equilibrium of target is the problem needing to solve.
Summary of the invention
The present invention one of is intended to solve the problems of the technologies described above at least to a certain extent or at least provides a kind of useful business to select.For this reason, the object of the invention is to propose a kind of battery pack capacity equilibrium method, described battery pack comprises N number of battery cell, comprises the following steps: S1: the charging voltage curve recording each battery cell in described battery pack in charging process; S2: the voltage of one of them battery cell is reached charge cutoff voltage U
mmoment, being designated as expiring of described battery pack fills moment t
0, described battery cell is designated as battery cell 1; S3: completely fill moment t described
0record other N-1 and do not reach charge cutoff voltage U
mthe voltage of battery cell, be designated as U respectively
2, U
3..., U
n; S4: by the voltage U of a described N-1 battery cell
2, U
3..., U
ninterpolation is on the charging voltage curve of described battery cell 1 correspondence respectively, compares battery cell 1 charging voltage and reaches U
2, U
3..., U
nmoment and describedly completely fill moment t
0time difference, be designated as residue charging interval estimated value Δ t
0,1, Δ t
0,2..., Δ t
0, N-1; S5: according to constant current charge electric current I and described residue charging interval estimated value Δ t
0,1, Δ t
0,2..., Δ t
0, N-1, calculate the estimation residue charge capacity C of N-1 battery cell
rC, 2, C
rC, 3..., C
rC, N, the now estimation residue charge capacity C of described battery cell 1
rC, 1=0; And S6: according to the estimation residue charge capacity C of i-th battery cell
rC, icalculate the euqalizing current I of i-th battery cell
e,i, carry out equalization operation.
Preferably, the computing formula of the estimation residue charge capacity of i-th battery cell is:
C
RC,i=kIΔt
i
Wherein, I is constant current charge electric current, and k is capacity estimation deviation factor and k ∈ (0.8,1.2).
Preferably, for equalization discharge, the computing formula of the euqalizing current of i-th battery cell is:
Wherein, max (C
rC) be the described maximum estimating residue charge capacity, t is the equalization operation time, and f is anti-equalizing coefficient excessively, and f > 1.
Preferably, the online equalization discharge control electric current of i-th battery cell is:
Wherein, I
0for specified euqalizing current, I
minfor setting minimum current, m is positive integer.
Preferably, for charge balancing, the computing formula of the euqalizing current of i-th battery cell is:
Wherein, t is the equalization operation time, and f is anti-equalizing coefficient excessively, and f > 1.
According to the battery pack capacity equilibrium method of the embodiment of the present invention, battery pack makes all battery cells reach full charge pressure after equalization, thus realizes the abundant equilibrium of battery pack, makes the capacity of battery pack be tending towards maximum utilization.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will part provide in the following description, and part will become obvious from the following description, or be recognized by practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will become obvious and easy understand from accompanying drawing below combining to the description of embodiment, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the battery pack capacity equilibrium method of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the batteries charging voltage curve schematic diagram in latter stage of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the equalization algorithm system construction drawing based on residue charge capacity state observer of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Be described below in detail embodiments of the invention, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has element that is identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment be described with reference to the drawings, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not limitation of the present invention be interpreted as.
As shown in Figure 1, be the flow chart of the battery pack capacity equilibrium method of the embodiment of the present invention, battery pack comprises N number of battery cell, comprises the following steps:
S1: the charging voltage curve recording each battery cell in battery pack in charging process.
Core concept of the present invention is based on the hypothesis to battery cell charging voltage curve conformity, think the battery pack that the battery cell with a collection of model is formed, its charging voltage curve should be overlap, if it is inconsistent to there is internal resistance between battery cell, can realize overlapping by the vertical direction translation of charging voltage curve; Capacity between battery cell is inconsistent can be realized overlapping by the horizontal direction convergent-divergent of charging voltage curve; And the inconsistent horizontal direction translation can passing through charging voltage curve of state-of-charge between battery cell realizes overlapping.
S2: the voltage of one of them battery cell is reached charge cutoff voltage U
mmoment, being designated as expiring of battery pack fills moment t
0, battery cell is designated as battery cell 1.
S3: completely filling moment t
0record other N-1 and do not reach charge cutoff voltage U
mthe voltage of battery cell, be designated as U respectively
2, U
3..., U
n.
S4: by the voltage U of N-1 battery cell
2, U
3..., U
ninterpolation is on the charging voltage curve of battery cell 1 correspondence respectively, compares battery cell 1 charging voltage and reaches U
2, U
3..., U
nmoment with completely fill moment t
0time difference, be designated as residue charging interval estimated value Δ t
0,1, Δ t
0,2..., Δ t
0, N-1.
When this first discuss internal resistance inconsistent charging voltage curve situation, as shown in Figure 2, be the batteries charging voltage curve schematic diagram in latter stage of the embodiment of the present invention, battery cell 1 reaches the charge cutoff voltage U shown in chain-dotted line
msuppose that battery cell 2 internal resistance is lower than battery cell 1, but capacity is identical with battery cell 1 with state-of-charge, according to the hypothesis of battery cell charging voltage curve conformity, its charging voltage curve is for shown in the solid line that vertically moves down, battery cell 2 due to internal resistance on the low side, therefore fill moment t in expiring of battery pack
0not yet reach charge cutoff voltage U
mbut can obviously observe because charging voltage slope of a curve is now very large, if continue separately, battery cell 2 is charged, shown in the stage charging voltage curve that its possible charging voltage curve is as very short in vertical point line right side in Fig. 2, its chargeable capacity is very little, can be similar to and ignore, this shows that the inconsistent impact on charging voltage curve of internal resistance can be ignored.
In the research of battery cell 3, do not consider the inconsistent impact on charging voltage curve of internal resistance, only consider the impact of state-of-charge and capacity.Suppose that the state-of-charge of battery cell 3 is lower than battery cell 1, and the capacity of battery cell 3 is uncertain, equally according to the hypothesis of battery cell charging voltage curve conformity, its charging voltage curve to move to right and shown in the solid line of horizontal scaling for level, if continue separately, battery cell 3 is charged, its possible charging voltage curve is as shown in the three sections of dotted lines in vertical point line right side in Fig. 2, wherein dotted line 0 is the result of the direct translation of battery cell 1 charging voltage curve, and owing to not knowing the capacity estimation deviation factor k of battery cell 3 and battery cell 1, therefore its convergent-divergent may as shown in dotted line 1 or 2, dotted line 1 represents that k is less than 1, namely the capacity of battery cell 3 is less than the situation of battery cell 1, dotted line 2 represents that k is greater than 1, namely the capacity of battery cell 3 is greater than the situation of battery cell 1.
S5: according to constant current charge electric current I and residue charging interval estimated value Δ t
0,1, Δ t
0,2..., Δ t
0, N-1, calculate the estimation residue charge capacity C of N-1 battery cell
rC, 2, C
rC, 3..., C
rC, N.It should be noted that, now battery cell 1 is full of, and it estimates residue charge capacity C
rC, 1=0.
The computing formula of the estimation residue charge capacity of i-th battery cell is:
C
RC,i=kIΔt
i
Wherein, C
rC, iunit be Ah, k be capacity estimation deviation factor, because the capacity volume variance of battery cell in battery pack generally can not be greater than 20%, therefore can think k ∈ (0.8,1.2), and I is constant current charge electric current, Δ t
0,1, Δ t
0,2..., Δ t
0, N-1calculated example as shown in Figure 2, the charging voltage curve of battery cell 1 finds and completely fills moment t
0battery cell 3 voltage identical voltage place moment t
0-Δ t
0,2, itself and t
0the difference in moment is Δ t
0,2.Because k cannot determine, residue charge capacity can not accurate Calculation.But for screening the good battery pack of consistency in groups, k, close to 1, therefore making k=1, carrying out the approximate evaluation remaining charge capacity, then having:
C
RC,i=IΔt
i
Owing to being directly similar to k, there is error in the estimation of residue charge capacity, the highlyest may reach 20%, therefore directly utilize and estimate that residue charge capacity algorithm carries out once equilibrium and still there is some problems, the embodiment of the present invention further provides the equalization algorithm based on residue charge capacity state observer, and its system configuration as shown in Figure 3.Execution cycle of this algorithm is that of battery pack completely fills circulation, and in charging process, battery cell does not carry out any equalization operation, to ensure the precision of voltage measurement.Completing after charging obtains the charging voltage curve in later stage, being estimated the residue charge capacity of each battery cell by residue charge capacity state observer.
S6: according to the estimation residue charge capacity C of i-th battery cell
rC, icalculate the euqalizing current I of i-th battery cell
e,i, carry out equalization operation.
For equalization discharge, the computing formula of the euqalizing current of i-th battery cell is:
Wherein, I
e,iunit be mA, max (C
rC) for estimating the maximum of residue charge capacity, t is the equalization operation time, f is anti-equalizing coefficient excessively, and f > 1.
Due to the error that residue charge capacity is estimated, when particularly estimating that residue charge capacity is greater than real surplus charge capacity, estimate that residue charge capacity calculates I if directly used
e,ithe excessively balanced of battery cell will be caused.Therefore need to reduce feedback factor K in the feedback of residue charge capacity state observer, prevented balanced generation, namely the anti-> of equalizing coefficient f excessively 1 is chosen, consider that the error that residue charge capacity is estimated may reach 20%, therefore desirable f=1.5 in the present embodiment, to ensure to estimate that residue charge capacity is less than real surplus charge capacity, thus only balanced requirement can be met.Consider in online equilibrium the control be easy to electric current in addition, the online equalization discharge control electric current of i-th battery cell is in the present embodiment:
Wherein, I
0for specified euqalizing current, I
minfor setting minimum current.Work as I
e,i> I
0in time, exports as specified euqalizing current I
0, work as I
e,i≤ I
mintime, can think that this battery cell can reach fully charged state substantially, without balanced necessity, work as I
min< I
e,i≤ I
0time,
for rounding operation and m is positive integer, the Duty ratio control of output current is convenient in such improvement.In an embodiment of the present invention, m=8 can be got.
Control electric current by online equalization discharge and carry out equilibrium, not enough or the excessively balanced problem of the ability of equalization can not be there is in battery pack, but because online equalization discharge control electric current is less than the electric current required for reality, therefore once equilibrium may be not enough to ensure that in battery pack, all battery cells all can reach charge cutoff voltage U
m, but perform, when a battery cell reaches charge cutoff voltage U along with the cycle of equalization algorithm
mthe more battery cell of Shi Huiyou reaches or close to charge cutoff voltage U
m.
For charge balancing, the computing formula of the euqalizing current of i-th battery cell is:
Wherein, t is the equalization operation time, and f is anti-equalizing coefficient excessively, and f > 1.
It should be noted that, battery pack capacity equilibrium method of the present invention, is not only applicable to pure electric automobile, but also is applicable to the batteries of on-electric automobile.
According to the battery pack capacity equilibrium method of the embodiment of the present invention, battery pack makes all battery cells reach full charge pressure after equalization, thus realizes the abundant equilibrium of battery pack, makes the capacity of battery pack be tending towards maximum utilization.
In the description of this specification, specific features, structure, material or feature that the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to describe in conjunction with this embodiment or example are contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example.In this manual, identical embodiment or example are not necessarily referred to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term.And the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can combine in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrate and describe embodiments of the invention above, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can change above-described embodiment within the scope of the invention when not departing from principle of the present invention and aim, revising, replacing and modification.
Claims (5)
1. a battery pack capacity equilibrium method, is characterized in that, described battery pack comprises N number of battery cell, comprises the following steps:
S1: the charging voltage curve recording each battery cell in described battery pack in charging process;
S2: the voltage of one of them battery cell is reached charge cutoff voltage U
mmoment, being designated as expiring of described battery pack fills moment t
0, described battery cell is designated as battery cell 1;
S3: completely fill moment t described
0record other N-1 and do not reach charge cutoff voltage U
mthe voltage of battery cell, be designated as U respectively
2, U
3..., U
n;
S4: by the voltage U of a described N-1 battery cell
2, U
3..., U
ninterpolation is on the charging voltage curve of described battery cell 1 correspondence respectively, compares battery cell 1 charging voltage and reaches U
2, U
3..., U
nmoment and describedly completely fill moment t
0time difference, be designated as residue charging interval estimated value Δ t
0,1, Δ t
0,2..., Δ t
0, N-1;
S5: according to constant current charge electric current I and described residue charging interval estimated value Δ t
0,1, Δ t
0,2..., Δ t
0, N-1, calculate the estimation residue charge capacity C of N-1 battery cell
rC, 2, C
rC, 3..., C
rC, N, the now estimation residue charge capacity C of described battery cell 1
rC, 1=0; And
S6: according to the estimation residue charge capacity C of i-th battery cell
rC, icalculate the euqalizing current I of i-th battery cell
e,i, carry out equalization operation.
2. battery pack capacity equilibrium method as claimed in claim 1, the computing formula of the estimation residue charge capacity of i-th battery cell is:
C
RC,i＝kIΔt
i
Wherein, I is constant current charge electric current, and k is capacity estimation deviation factor and k ∈ (0.8,1.2), Δ t
ifor residue charging interval estimated value.
3. battery pack capacity equilibrium method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, for equalization discharge, the computing formula of the euqalizing current of i-th battery cell is:
Wherein, max (C
rC) be the described maximum estimating residue charge capacity, t is the equalization operation time, and f is anti-equalizing coefficient excessively, and f > 1.
4. battery pack capacity equilibrium method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the online equalization discharge of i-th battery cell controls electric current and is:
Wherein, I
0for specified euqalizing current, I
minfor setting minimum current, m is positive integer.
5. battery pack capacity equilibrium method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, for charge balancing, the computing formula of the euqalizing current of i-th battery cell is:
Wherein, t is the equalization operation time, and f is anti-equalizing coefficient excessively, and f > 1.
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| CN105071492B (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-12-15 | 国网北京市电力公司 | Power battery pack equalizing system |
| CN106340931A (en) * | 2016-10-15 | 2017-01-18 | 山东泰汽新能源工程研究院有限公司 | Lithium battery pack management method employing single-battery voltage lower limit equalization |
| CN107181301A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-09-19 | 上海动力储能电池系统工程技术有限公司 | A kind of multi-string lithium ion super capacitor group balanced management method |
| CN108446494B (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2021-10-12 | 清华大学 | Equalization algorithm for battery module or system |
| CN110323793B (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2021-04-20 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Method and device for balancing automobile and power battery pack |
| CN110549909B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-06-18 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | SOH calculation method and device of power battery pack and electric vehicle |
| CN109061479B (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2020-11-17 | 郑州正方科技有限公司 | Battery pack unbalance analysis method and charging device |
| CN109473738B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-11-10 | 北京朗正智能科技有限公司 | Method and system for monitoring battery maintenance process, storage medium and computer equipment |
| CN110865307B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2022-06-07 | 上海电力大学 | Battery module complementary energy detection method |
| CN111525654B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2023-08-22 | 西安稳先半导体科技有限责任公司 | Circuit and method for time-sharing charging of batteries in battery pack |
| EP4080715A4 (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2022-10-26 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Charging control method and apparatus, and power management controller |
| CN113328499B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-09-06 | 上海理工大学 | Battery pack capacity balancing method |
| CN114217233A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-22 | 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 | Vehicle residual charging time estimation method and device, vehicle and storage medium |
| CN114243867B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-10-11 | 上海玫克生智能科技有限公司 | Battery equalization optimization capacity estimation method and system, electronic device and storage medium |
| CN114563712B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-04-07 | 上海玫克生储能科技有限公司 | Battery capacity estimation method and device and electronic equipment |
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| JP2015062325A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2015-04-02 | パナソニック株式会社 | Secondary battery protection circuit, battery pack and electronic apparatus |
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