CN106300545A - A kind of active equalization for liquid metal cell controls device and control method - Google Patents
A kind of active equalization for liquid metal cell controls device and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106300545A CN106300545A CN201610841712.5A CN201610841712A CN106300545A CN 106300545 A CN106300545 A CN 106300545A CN 201610841712 A CN201610841712 A CN 201610841712A CN 106300545 A CN106300545 A CN 106300545A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of active equalization for liquid metal cell and control device and control method, this device includes balance module, data acquisition module, SOC computing module and control module；Balance module constitutes Jun Heng loop with by balancing battery group, the liquid metal cell of multiple series connection is included by balancing battery group, the current signal of data collecting module collected liquid metal cell, by current signal transfer to SOC computing module, SOC computing module calculates the SOC of each liquid metal cell, and the SOC of each liquid metal cell is transferred to control module, control module calculates the extreme difference of SOC according to the SOC of each liquid metal cell, and export, according to the extreme difference of SOC, the driving signal controlling to equalize loop, signal is driven to control the break-make in equilibrium loop, realize the equalizaing charge to liquid metal cell group and balanced discharge, realize by balancing battery group SOC balance, improve the capacity utilization of set of cells, extend the cycle life of set of cells.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrochemical energy storage field, a kind of active equalization control device for liquid metal cell and
Control method.
Technical background
Along with the high speed development of global economy, the energy and environmental problem are increasingly serious, the scale of regenerative resource utilizes into
Focus for countries in the world research and development.Regenerative resource intermittence and ripple can be effectively solved by extensive energy storage technology
The problems that dynamic property is brought, simultaneously for " peak load shifting " of power system, improve the safety of power system, stability,
Reduce power supply cost to have great significance.Liquid metal cell, as a kind of novel energy-storage battery, has life-span length, capacity
Greatly, advantage that multiplying power is high, have broad application prospects in extensive energy storage field.
Liquid metal cell is a kind of high-temperature battery, operating temperature at 300 DEG C～700 DEG C, during operation both positive and negative polarity metal in
Liquid, electrolyte is molten state inorganic salt, inside battery because of the electrode characteristic different and immiscible with electrolyte density from
Move and be divided into three layers.The structure design of full liquid makes liquid metal cell mass transfer velocity fast, and battery efficiency is high.Owing to having abandoned routine
Battery diaphragm, liquid metal cell stable performance, last a long time, it is contemplated that more than 15 years life-span.
For being applied to extensive energy storage, liquid metal cell must connect to meet the requirement of electric pressure, is used in series
During the discordance of set of cells can become larger, due to the existence of battery " short-board effect ", the capacity utilization of set of cells
Can significantly reduce, cycle life also can shorten dramatically, it is therefore necessary to set of cells is taked Balance route to improve the whole of set of cells
Body performance.Common energy consumption type shunt resistance equalizing circuit is big due to energy consumption, and euqalizing current is little, and equalization efficiency is low, is not suitable for big
The series connection liquid metal cell group of capacity, capacitor type equalizing circuit can only realize electric voltage equalization, and liquid metal cell voltage exists
In the range of state-of-charge (SOC) 10%～90% relatively flat, and nominal voltage only has 0.9V, though therefore liquid metal cell
When SOC extreme difference is bigger, between cell, pressure reduction remains unchanged the least, adds the conduction voltage drop of switching device, and therefore balanced energy is very
Difficult transfer, even cannot shift, it is impossible to realize liquid metal cell SOC balance, cause equalization efficiency low and liquid metal cell
Big discordance.
Summary of the invention
For drawbacks described above, the present invention provides a kind of active equalization for liquid metal cell to control device and controlling party
Method, it is intended to solve due to liquid metal cell voltage liquid metal cell SOC be 10%～90% the most smooth cause use
Voltage is the technical problem that equilibrium variable cannot realize liquid metal cell SOC balance.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides a kind of active equalization for liquid metal cell to control device, including
Data acquisition module, its input is connected with by each liquid metal cell in balancing battery group, for detection also
Output is by the current signal of each liquid metal cell in balancing battery group；
SOC computing module, its input is connected to the current signal output end of described data acquisition module, for according to each
The current signal of liquid metal cell calculates the SOC of each liquid metal cell；
Control module, its SOC signal input part is connected to the outfan of described SOC computing module, described control module
Feedback current input is connected with the feedback end of described balance module；SOC is calculated for the SOC according to each liquid metal cell
Extreme difference, and according to the extreme difference output drive signal of SOC, and adjust described driving signal in real time according to fed-back current signals；With
And
Balance module, has multiple battery terminal connections, respectively with by each liquid metal cell in balancing battery group just
Pole and negative pole connect, and the end that controls of described balance module is connected to the driving signal output part of described control module；For passing through
It is connected to form Jun Heng loop with by balancing battery group, and makes by liquid metal cell in balancing battery group according to described driving signal
Equalizaing charge and balanced discharge, and export described fed-back current signals in real time, it is achieved the transfer of energy between liquid metal cell.
Data acquisition module detects by each liquid metal cell current signal in balancing battery group, and the electricity that will collect
Stream signal is transferred to SOC computing module, and SOC computing module calculates the SOC of liquid metal cell according to the current signal received,
And the SOC signal of liquid metal cell is transferred to control module, control module is according to the liquid gold transmitted by SOC computing module
Belonging to battery SOC and calculate SOC extreme difference, the extreme difference further according to SOC determines that in equilibrium loop, euqalizing current adjusts desired value, and by liquid
Liquid metal cell corresponding to metal battery SOC maximum is as balanced discharge object, by liquid metal cell SOC minima
Corresponding liquid metal cell is as equalizaing charge object, according to equalizaing charge object, balanced discharge to picture and equilibrium electricity
Stream adjusts desired value and determines that balance module controls end and drives signal, and is fed back by balance module by the reception of feedback current input
The fed-back current signals of end output, adjusts in real time and drives signal, and liquid metal cell is by equilibrium loop equalizaing charge and equilibrium
Electric discharge, it is achieved energy transfer between liquid metal cell, if the extreme difference of SOC is not zero, then control module continues output drive signal,
Control equalizaing charge and the balanced discharge of liquid metal cell, shifted the SOC pole making liquid metal cell by energy repeatedly
Difference is zero, it is achieved the SOC balance of liquid metal cell.
Further, described balance module includes two switching tubes, 2n two-way switch pipe and an equilibrium inductance L；Its
In, a switching tube is designated as switching tube P1, a switching tube is designated as switching tube Qn+1, n two-way switch pipe is designated as two-way opened respectively
Close pipe P2, two-way switch pipe P3... two-way switch pipe Pn+1, remain n two-way switch pipe and be designated as two-way switch pipe Q respectively1, double
To switching tube Q2... two-way switch pipe Qn；
Described two-way switch pipe PiThe first terminal connects liquid metal cell Ci-1Negative pole, described two-way switch pipe PiSecond end
Son is connected with equilibrium inductance L one end, described two-way switch pipe QjThe first terminal and liquid metal cell CjPositive pole connects, described double
To switching tube QjSecond terminal is connected with the equilibrium inductance L other end；Described two-way switch pipe PiControl end and described two-way switch pipe
QjControl end to be all connected with the driving signal output part of control module；Wherein, 2 < i < n+1,1 < j ＜ n；
Described switching tube P1Negative pole connects with Jun Heng inductance L one end, described switching tube P1Positive pole with by balancing battery group positive pole
Connect；Described switching tube Qn+1Positive pole connects with the Jun Heng inductance L other end, described switching tube Qn+1Negative pole is born with by balancing battery group
Pole connects；Described switching tube P1Control end and described switching tube Qn+1Control the end driving signal output part all with control module to connect
Connect；
Described two-way switch pipe can control two-way circulating of electric current, for controlling to equalize disconnection and the conducting in loop, and
For preventing liquid metal cell short circuit；
Described switching tube all can control electric current and from positive to negative pole conducting and disconnect, and is used to control the disconnected of equilibrium loop
Open and turn on；
Described included the liquid metal cell that n is sequentially connected in series by balancing battery group.
Further, in described balance module, two-way switch pipe includes the first metal-oxide-semiconductor and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor, the first metal-oxide-semiconductor
The source electrode of source electrode and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor connects, the first terminal that drain electrode is two-way switch pipe of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor, the leakage of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor
Extremely the second terminal of two-way switch, the grid of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor and the grid of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor are all the control of two-way switch pipe
End.
Further, the equal metal-oxide-semiconductor of switching tube, metal-oxide-semiconductor drain electrode is the positive pole of switching tube, the negative pole of metal-oxide-semiconductor source switch pipe,
Metal-oxide-semiconductor grid is the control end of switching tube, and the conducting resistance of metal-oxide-semiconductor is little, it is possible to reduce the pressure drop in balancing procedure.
As another object of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of active equalization for liquid metal cell to control device
Control method, comprise the steps:
(1) current signal of each liquid metal cell is gathered；
(2) SOC of each liquid metal cell is calculated according to the current signal of each liquid metal cell；
(3) to the SOC of each liquid metal cell according to being ranked up from big to small, according to formula Δ SOC=SOCmax-
SOCminCalculating SOC extreme difference, wherein, Δ SOC is SOC extreme difference, SOCmaxSOC, SOC for maximum liquid metal cellminFor
The SOC of little liquid metal cell；
(4) if Δ SOC ＞ 0, determine that in equilibrium loop, euqalizing current adjusts desired value according to Δ SOC, and by maximum liquid
Liquid metal cell corresponding to metal battery SOC is as balanced discharge object, corresponding to minimum liquid metal cell SOC
Liquid metal cell is as equalizaing charge object；Otherwise enter step (7)；
(5) adjust desired value according to balanced discharge object, equalizaing charge object and euqalizing current, determine equilibrium loop
Control signal；
(6) real time equaliser electric current in detection equilibrium loop, and adjust desired value according to real time equaliser electric current with euqalizing current
Revise the control signal in equilibrium loop, return step (1)；
(7) output makes all liquid metal cells neither discharge the driving signal not charged, and returns step (1)；
Using the SOC of liquid metal cell as control variable, determine that in equilibrium loop, euqalizing current is big according to SOC extreme difference
Little, it is possible to realize the equilibrium of liquid metal cell SOC quickly and accurately.
Further, described step (2) passes through formulaCalculate liquid metal cell
SOC, wherein, t is liquid metal pool charging interval or discharge time, SOC0For electric discharge initial time or the liquid of charging initial time
State metal battery SOC, QNFor liquid metal cell capacity, η is coulombic efficiency, and when liquid metal cell discharges, η=1, I is
Discharge current, and be on the occasion of, when liquid metal cell charges, η ＜ 1, I are charging current, and are negative value.
Further, in described step (4), according to the extreme difference of SOC, root determines that in equilibrium loop, euqalizing current adjusts target
Value, comprises the following steps:
(41) when Δ SOC >=0.2, use 0.5C euqalizing current to walk greatly equilibrium, otherwise, enter step (42)；
(42) as 0.1≤Δ SOC ＜ 0.2, using change euqalizing current to carry out becoming step equilibrium, euqalizing current is according to formula IL
=44.44 Δ SOC changes, otherwise, enter step (43)；
(43) as 0.05≤Δ SOC ＜ 0.1, use 0.2C euqalizing current to carry out Conventional equalization, otherwise, enter step
(24)；
(44) as 0 ＜ Δ SOC ＜ 0.05, use 0.1C euqalizing current to carry out small step equilibrium, otherwise, exit according to liquid
The extreme difference of metal battery SOC determines the flow process of euqalizing current；
Wherein, Δ SOC is SOC extreme difference, ILFor euqalizing current；
Extreme difference size according to SOC, uses different euqalizing currents to carry out variable step equilibrium, when SOC extreme difference is the biggest, adopts
With walking greatly equilibrium, the extreme difference of rapid drop SOC, during SOC extreme difference tapers into, gradually change balance policy, can
Enough improve balancing speed, it is also possible to ensure the accuracy of equalization.
By the above technical scheme that the present invention is contemplated, compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that
1, with the SOC of liquid metal cell for Balance route variable in the present invention, output controls the driving letter of balance module
Number, and whether it is whether zero reach the standard of equilibrium as liquid metal cell SOC using the extreme difference of SOC, solve due to liquid
Metal battery voltage liquid metal cell SOC be 10%～90% the most smooth cause use voltage for equilibrium variable cannot be real
The problem of liquid metal cell SOC balance.
2, by detecting the electric current of liquid metal cell in real time in the present invention, the SOC of liquid metal cell is calculated, according to
SOC extreme difference determines euqalizing current size in equilibrium loop, it is achieved control the speed of transfer charge amount between liquid metal cell, it is achieved
Equilibrium liquid metal pool SOC expeditiously.
3, by euqalizing current in closed loop control equilibrium loop in the present invention, make to be equalized liquid metal cell group and specifying
In the extreme difference of SOC, euqalizing current is constant, improves the Stability and dependability by balancing battery group in balancing procedure.
4, at the equilibrium initial stage, liquid metal cell SOC difference is big, uses and walks greatly equilibrium, rapid drop liquid metal cell
SOC difference, after equalization phase, liquid metal cell SOC difference is caused by liquid metal cell capacity attenuation is inconsistent, this difference
Less, use little euqalizing current, it is possible to increase the accuracy of equalization, it is to avoid liquid metal cell SOC crosses equilibrium, promote balancing speed and
The accuracy of equalization, and adjust balance policy in real time according to SOC extreme difference, make equilibrium inductance be operated in continuous current mode and also improve all
Weighing apparatus speed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 controls the theory diagram of device for the active equalization that the present invention provides；
Fig. 2 for the present invention provide in embodiment equalizing circuit module with by the circuit diagram of balancing battery group；
The relevant figure of liquid metal cell balancing procedure in the embodiment that Fig. 3 provides for the present invention: wherein, (a) is equilibrium
Map of current, (b) is the driving signal graph of equalizaing charge process two-way switch pipe, and (c) is balanced discharge process two-way switch pipe
Drive signal graph；
Fig. 4 provides the flow chart determining euqalizing current in step in embodiment (4) for the present invention；
Fig. 5 present invention provide active equalization in embodiment control the phantom figure of device；
Fig. 6 present invention provides battery model euqalizing current curve in balancing procedure under static condition in embodiment
Figure；
Fig. 7 present invention provides in embodiment by the battery model in balancing procedure under balancing battery group static condition
SOC curve chart；
Fig. 8 present invention provides in embodiment by the battery model in balancing procedure under balancing battery group charged state
SOC curve chart；
Fig. 9 present invention provides in embodiment and under balancing battery group charged state, do not applied the battery that active equalization controls
The SOC curve chart of model.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, right
The present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
As it is shown in figure 1, the active equalization for liquid metal cell that the present invention provides controls device, including data acquisition
Module, for gathering the current signal of liquid metal cell, and is counted current signal transfer to SOC by current signal output end
Calculating module, the current signal input of SOC computing module is connected with the current signal output end of data acquisition module, SOC module
The SOC of each liquid metal cell is calculated according to the current signal received, and by SOC signal output part by each liquid gold
The SOC belonging to battery is transferred to control module, and control module input is connected with SOC computing module SOC signal output part, controls mould
Block calculates the extreme difference of SOC, and SOC extreme difference is the minima of the SOC of the maximum of liquid metal cell SOC and liquid metal cell,
And using liquid metal cell corresponding for the SOC maximum of liquid metal cell as balanced discharge object, and by liquid metal electricity
According to the extreme difference of SOC, liquid metal cell corresponding to the SOC minima in pond, as equalizaing charge object, determines that euqalizing current adjusts
Desired value, adjusts desired value according to equalizaing charge object, balanced discharge object and euqalizing current and determines the control end of balance module
Driving signal, balance module control end be connected with the driving signal output part of control module, the connection battery of balance module
End is connected with by balancing battery group, composition equilibrium loop, and balance module drives signal by controlling end reception, it is achieved equilibrium loop
Disconnection and conducting, it is achieved the charge and discharge of liquid metal cell, it is achieved the transfer of liquid metal cell energy, balance module
Feedback end exports feedback equalization electric current in real time to control module feedback current input, control module according to feedback equalization electric current with
Euqalizing current adjusts desired value and adjusts the driving signal of output, makes euqalizing current keep constant, is conducive to improving by balancing battery
The stability of group.The present invention is with liquid metal cell SOC as control variable simultaneously, controls balance module according to the output of SOC extreme difference
Driving signal, and whether be whether zero reach the standard of SOC balance as liquid metal cell using the extreme difference of SOC, solve
Due to liquid metal cell open-circuit voltage liquid metal cell SOC be 10%～90% the most smooth cause use voltage be equal
Weighing apparatus variable cannot the problem of real liquid metal cell SOC balance.
As in figure 2 it is shown, balance module and by balancing battery group in the embodiment that provides of the present invention, including switching tube (wherein,
One switching tube is designated as switching tube P1, another switching tube is designated as switching tube Qn+1), 2n two-way switch pipe (wherein, n two-way
Switching tube is designated as two-way switch pipe P respectively2, two-way switch pipe P3..., two-way switch pipe Pn+1, n two-way switch pipe is remembered respectively
For two-way switch pipe Q1, two-way switch pipe Q2..., two-way switch pipe Qn) and equilibrium inductance L, included liquid by balancing battery group
Metal battery C1To liquid metal cell Cn, and liquid metal cell C1To liquid metal cell CnIt is sequentially connected in series；
Switching tube P1For metal-oxide-semiconductor, this metal-oxide-semiconductor exists by source electrode to the parasitic diode of drain electrode conducting, switching tube P1Source electrode with
Equilibrium inductance L one end connects, switching tube P1Drain electrode and liquid metal cell C1Positive pole connects；Two-way switch pipe Pn+1By metal-oxide-semiconductor Z1
With metal-oxide-semiconductor Z2Composition, this metal-oxide-semiconductor exists by source electrode to the parasitic diode of drain electrode conducting, two-way switch pipe P2To two-way switch pipe
PnWith two-way switch pipe Q1To two-way switch pipe QnStructure and two-way switch pipe Pn+1Identical, two-way switch pipe Pn+1The first terminal
Connect with Jun Heng inductance one end, two-way switch pipe Pn+1Second terminal and liquid metal cell CnNegative pole is connected, two-way switch pipe P2
To two-way switch pipe PnWith liquid metal cell C1To liquid metal cell CnThe relation that connects is with two-way switch pipe Pn+1With liquid metal
Battery C1To liquid metal cell CnAnnexation is identical, two-way switch pipe P2To two-way switch pipe PnConnection with Jun Heng inductance L
Relation is with two-way switch pipe Pn+1Identical with the annexation of equilibrium inductance L.
Switching tube Qn+1For metal-oxide-semiconductor, this metal-oxide-semiconductor exists by source electrode to the parasitic diode of drain electrode conducting, switching tube Qn+1Leakage
Pole is connected with the Jun Heng inductance L other end, switching tube Qn+1Source electrode and liquid metal cell C1Negative pole is connected；Two-way switch pipe QnFirst
Terminal and liquid metal cell CnPositive pole is connected, two-way switch pipe QnSecond terminal is connected with the Jun Heng inductance L other end, two-way opened
Close pipe Q1To switching tube Qn-1With liquid metal cell C1To liquid metal cell CnAnnexation is with two-way switch pipe QnWith liquid
State metal battery C1To liquid metal cell CnAnnexation is identical, two-way switch pipe Q1To two-way switch pipe Qn-1With Jun Heng inductance
The annexation of L is with two-way switch pipe QnIdentical with the annexation of equilibrium inductance L.
Switching tube uses metal-oxide-semiconductor, it is possible to use its saturation conduction resistance is little, thus reduces pressure drop in balancing procedure, simultaneously
The two-way switch pipe being in series by two metal-oxide-semiconductors is capable of the double-direction control to electric current, can prevent owing to metal-oxide-semiconductor is posted simultaneously
The existence of raw diode causes by the short circuit of balancing battery group.Consider that balancing procedure breaker in middle switching interval, equilibrium terminate and quilt
The working conditions such as balancing battery group is out of service, inductive current can pass through switching tube P1, switching tube Qn+1Middle parasitic diode enters
Row afterflow, and avoid producing due to voltage spikes breakdown switch pipe.
Data acquisition module detects by liquid metal cell C in balancing battery group1To liquid metal cell CnElectric current letter
Number, the current signal transfer that collects to SOC computing module, is calculated liquid gold by SOC computing module by data acquisition module
Belong to battery C1To liquid metal cell CnSOC, and the SOC signal of liquid metal cell is transferred to control module, it is assumed that now
The maximum correspondence liquid metal cell C of the SOC of liquid metal cell2, the minima correspondence liquid of the SOC of liquid metal cell
Metal battery Cn, then liquid metal cell C2For equalizaing charge object, liquid metal cell CnFor balanced discharge object, and calculate
The extreme difference of SOC, determines euqalizing current according to the extreme difference of SOC, and exports the driving signal controlling balance module, control module produces
Signal is driven to make two-way switch Q2Along liquid metal cell C2Positive pole, to the conducting of equilibrium inductance L direction, makes two-way switch P3Along
Inductance L is to liquid metal cell C in equilibrium2Negative electrode side is to conducting, liquid metal cell C2, two-way switch pipe Q2, equilibrium inductance L and
Two-way switch pipe P3Constitute equilibrium loop, liquid metal cell C2By equilibrium loop to equilibrium inductance L discharge, euqalizing current by
Gradually rise, after rising to certain value, drive signal to make two-way switch pipe Q2With two-way switch pipe P3It is turned off, makes switching tube Qn+1
Along liquid metal cell CnNegative pole is to equilibrium inductance conducting, two-way switch pipe PnAlong equilibrium inductance to liquid metal cell Cn
Positive pole turns on, liquid metal cell Cn, switching tube Qn+1, equilibrium inductance L and two-way switch pipe PnConstitute equilibrium loop, equalize inductance
L is by equalizing loop to electricity liquid metal cell CnCharging.
As shown in Fig. 3 (b), PWM 1 is liquid metal cell C2Two-way switch pipe Q during balanced discharge2And two-way switch
Pipe P3Control signal, as shown in Fig. 3 (c), PWM 2 is liquid metal cell CnTwo-way switch pipe Q during equalizaing chargen+1With
Two-way switch pipe PnControl signal, as shown in Fig. 3 (a), allow two-way switch pipe Q2With two-way switch pipe P3Conducting, liquid metal
Battery C2Electric discharge, euqalizing current is gradually increasing, and when euqalizing current rises to certain value, makes two-way switch pipe Q2With to switching tube P3
Cut-off, makes two-way switch pipe PnWith switching tube Qn+1Conducting, now inductance L is to liquid metal cell CnCharging, euqalizing current is gradually
Reduce.If the ON time of two-way switch pipe with two-way switch pipe being reduced, it is possible to achieve euqalizing current minor swing, beneficially quilt
The stability of balancing battery group.
The invention provides a kind of active equalization for liquid metal cell and control the control method of device, including following
Step:
(1) each liquid metal cell and current signal are gathered；
(2) according to the SOC of each liquid metal cell of Current calculation of each liquid metal cell；Liquid metal cell
SOC is for the control variable as active equalization control method；
(3) to the SOC of each liquid metal cell according to being ranked up from big to small, according to formula Δ SOC=SOCmax-
SOCminCalculating SOC extreme difference, wherein, Δ SOC is SOC extreme difference, SOCmaxSOC, SOC for maximum liquid metal cellminFor
The SOC of little liquid metal cell；
(4) if Δ SOC ＞ 0, determine that in equilibrium loop, euqalizing current adjusts desired value according to Δ SOC, and by maximum liquid
Liquid metal cell corresponding to metal battery SOC is as balanced discharge object, corresponding to minimum liquid metal cell SOC
Liquid metal cell is as equalizaing charge object；Otherwise enter step (7)；Determine that euqalizing current adjusts desired value with SOC extreme difference,
And using liquid metal cell corresponding for minimum and maximum liquid metal cell SOC as balanced discharge object and equalizaing charge pair
As, it is possible to quickly and accurately realize the SOC balance of liquid metal cell.
(5) adjust desired value according to balanced discharge object, equalizaing charge object and euqalizing current, determine equilibrium loop
Control signal；
(6) real time equaliser electric current in detection equilibrium loop, and adjust desired value according to real time equaliser electric current with euqalizing current
Revise the control signal in equilibrium loop, return step (1)；Euqalizing current is carried out closed loop control, it is ensured that euqalizing current is being specified
Constant in extreme difference, is conducive to improving by the stability of balancing battery group.
(7) control signal in equilibrium loop is for making all liquid metal cells and not discharging not charge, return step
(1)。
In another embodiment that the present invention provides, using ampere-hour integration method to calculate liquid metal cell SOC, formula is:
Wherein, t is liquid metal pool charging interval or discharge time, SOC0For electric discharge initial time or charging initial time
Liquid metal cell SOC, QNFor liquid metal cell capacity, η is coulombic efficiency, when liquid metal cell discharges, and η=1,
I is discharge current, and be on the occasion of, when liquid metal cell charges, η ＜ 1, I are charging current, and are negative value.
As shown in Figure 4, extreme difference according to liquid metal cell SOC in step (2) in another embodiment that the present invention provides
Determine euqalizing current, comprise the following steps:
(21) when Δ SOC >=0.2, use 0.5C euqalizing current to walk greatly equilibrium, otherwise, enter step (22)；
(22) as 0.1≤Δ SOC ＜ 0.2, using the change step equilibrium becoming euqalizing current, euqalizing current is according to formula IL=
44.44 Δ SOC changes, otherwise, enter step (23)；
(23) as 0.05≤Δ SOC ＜ 0.1, use 0.2C euqalizing current to carry out Conventional equalization, otherwise, enter step
(24)；
(24) as 0 ＜ Δ SOC ＜ 0.05, use 0.1C euqalizing current to carry out small step equilibrium, otherwise, exit according to liquid
The extreme difference of metal battery SOC determines the flow process of euqalizing current；
Δ SOC is the difference of maximum liquid metal cell SOC and minimum liquid metal cell SOC.
For different SOC extreme differences, use different balance policies, in equilibrium initial stage, the SOC difference of liquid metal cell
Greatly, use big euqalizing current to walk greatly equilibrium, quickly reduce the SOC difference of liquid metal cell, in equilibrium prometaphase, liquid
The SOC difference of metal battery is reduced due to big step equilibrium, now uses the extreme difference according to SOC to determine euqalizing current, it is to avoid by
In the euqalizing current too fast impact of change by the stability of balancing battery group, mid-term after equalization, now use Conventional equalization, all
In the weighing apparatus later stage, the liquid metal cell SOC difference caused owing to liquid metal cell capacity attenuation is inconsistent, this SOC difference is little, adopts
Equalize with the small step of little euqalizing current, it is possible to increase the accuracy of equalization, it is to avoid liquid metal cell SOC crosses equilibrium, use different equal
Weighing apparatus electric current promotes balancing speed and the accuracy of equalization simultaneously, it addition, the curent change span in equilibrium inductance little makes equilibrium inductance work
Make at continuous current mode, improve balancing speed.
As it is shown in figure 5, the present embodiment utilizes MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation software, build the master of liquid metal cell
The model of dynamic equalising control device carries out simulating, verifying.
Included battery model 1, battery model 2 and the battery model 3 of series connection by balancing battery group, battery model 1 exports electricity
Pressure is V1, and the SOC initial value of battery model 1 is SOC1, and battery model 2 output voltage is V2, the SOC initial value of battery model 2
For SOC2, battery model 3 output voltage is V3, and the SOC initial value of battery model 3 is SOC3.Battery model 1 to battery model 3
Nominal voltage be 0.9V, rated capacity is 20Ah, and battery model 1 to battery model 3 is by mixed pulses power
Performance test go forward side by side line parameter identification set up second order thevenin equivalent circuit model, battery model 1 to battery model 3 can be counted
Calculate respective real-time SOC, and exported the SOC of real-time battery model by SOC port.
Equalizing circuit, including two switching tubes, six two-way switch pipes and an equilibrium inductance, by the electricity of equalizing circuit
Pressure input and three battery model voltage output ends are connected, and make equalizing circuit form Jun Heng loop with by balancing battery.
SOC extreme difference module, SOC extreme difference module calculates SOC extreme difference by gathering each battery model SOC, and by SOC extreme difference
Oscilloscope display SOC extreme difference.
Control module includes equalizaing charge controller and device for controlling equalized-discharge, and device for controlling equalized-discharge is used for controlling liquid
Metal battery is by the process of equilibrium loop balanced discharge, and equalizaing charge controller is used for controlling liquid metal cell by equilibrium
The process of loop equalizaing charge, determines euqalizing current according to the extreme difference of hydraulic pressure metal battery SOC and needs to access in equilibrium loop
Hydraulic pressure metal battery, produce the driving signal PMW1 to PWM4 of equalizing circuit breaker in middle pipe and gather equilibrium electricity in ultramagnifier
Stream, adjusts in real time and drives signal PWM1 to PWM4.
When external charge electric current is zero, represents and be in static condition by balancing battery group.When external charge electric current is more than zero
Time, represent and be in charged state by balancing battery group.
SOC extreme difference oscillograph is for display SOC extreme difference in real time, and euqalizing current oscillograph shows euqalizing current in real time.
Emulation embodiment one:
The SOC initial value arranging battery model 1 is 80%, and the SOC initial value arranging battery model 2 is 70%, arranges electricity
The SOC initial value of pool model 3 is 75%, and arranging external charge electric current is zero, is i.e. in static condition by balancing battery group, according to
Battery model SOC extreme difference controls euqalizing current, and as shown in Figure 6, at the equilibrium initial stage, SOC extreme difference, between 0.05 to 0.1, equalizes
Current average is 4A；In the equilibrium later stage, SOC extreme difference is between 0 to 0.05, and euqalizing current meansigma methods is 2A；Carry out simulating, verifying,
It is illustrated in figure 7 balancing procedure battery model SOC change curve under static condition, about basic in 2715s each battery model SOC value
Unanimously, battery model SOC value is about 74.65%.Whole process, equalization efficiency is about 81.58%.Initial by balancing battery group
After SOC reaches unanimity, balance control system uses small step equilibrium, still can keep by the concordance of balancing battery group SOC,
And in the range of each SOC extreme difference, inductive current be stably conducive to attenuation systems fluctuation.Simulation result shows, active equalization control
Device processed be capable of to by balancing battery group quick, efficiently equalize, thus improve by the concordance of balancing battery group and appearance
Amount utilization rate.
Emulation embodiment two:
The SOC initial value arranging battery model 1 is 35%, and the SOC initial value arranging battery model 2 is 40%, arranges electricity
The SOC initial value of pool model 3 is 45%, arranges external charge electric current and is more than zero, is i.e. in charged state by balancing battery group, right
Above-mentioned by balancing battery group apply active equalization control, obtain cell SOC change curve as shown in Figure 8, the most greatly
About substantially reached unanimity by balancing battery group SOC when 2672S, when at 4000S, be about 98% by balancing battery group SOC.
Simulation comparison embodiment one:
The SOC initial value arranging battery model 1 is 35%, and the SOC initial value arranging battery model 2 is 40%, arranges electricity
The SOC initial value of pool model 3 is 45%, and arranging charging current is 10A, controls not applied active equalization by balancing battery group,
Fig. 9 is by balancing battery group the most not to being carried out the battery model SOC curve chart of Balance route by balancing battery group,
Do not control, when 3786S, by balancing battery group charge cutoff, battery model 1 to electricity being carried out active equalization by balancing battery group
The SOC of pool model 3 is followed successively by 0.9%, 0.95%, 1.0%, is remained unchanged the biggest by the discordance of balancing battery group.Battery model 1
First being filled, now battery model 2 and battery model 3 still can be filled with certain electricity, but owing to battery model 1 is full of, need to stop
Charge to by balancing battery group, cause the charging capacity by balancing battery pack charge capacity is more total than all battery models low.
Emulation embodiment two, compared with simulation comparison example one, applies less being applied by balancing battery group of active equalization control
Balance route by the balancing battery group constant-current charge time longer, substantially carried by concordance and the capacity utilization of balancing battery group
Height, illustrates that this active equalization controls device and is capable of in the charge state being formed by balancing battery by the liquid metal connected
By balancing battery group fast uniform.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that and the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to
Limit the present invention, all any amendment, equivalent and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, all should comprise
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the active equalization for liquid metal cell controls device, it is characterised in that including:
Data acquisition module, its input is connected with by each liquid metal cell in balancing battery group, is used for detecting and exporting
By the current signal of each liquid metal cell in balancing battery group；
SOC computing module, its input is connected to the current signal output end of described data acquisition module, for according to each liquid
The current signal of metal battery calculates the SOC of each liquid metal cell；
Control module, its SOC signal input part is connected to the outfan of described SOC computing module, the feedback of described control module
Current input terminal is connected with the feedback end of described balance module；The pole of SOC is calculated for the SOC according to each liquid metal cell
Difference, and according to the extreme difference output drive signal of SOC, and described driving signal is adjusted in real time according to fed-back current signals；And
Balance module, has multiple battery terminal connections, respectively with by balancing battery group each liquid metal cell positive pole and
Negative pole connects, and the end that controls of described balance module is connected to the driving signal output part of described control module；For by with quilt
Balancing battery group is connected to form equilibrium loop, and makes to be equalized by liquid metal cell in balancing battery group according to described driving signal
Charging and balanced discharge, and export described fed-back current signals in real time, it is achieved the transfer of energy between liquid metal cell.
Active equalization the most according to claim 1 controls device, it is characterised in that described balance module includes two switches
Pipe, 2n two-way switch pipe and an equilibrium inductance L；Wherein, a switching tube is designated as switching tube P1, another switching tube is designated as
Switching tube Qn+1, n two-way switch pipe is designated as two-way switch pipe P respectively2, two-way switch pipe P3... two-way switch pipe Pn+1, surplus
Remaining n two-way switch pipe is designated as two-way switch pipe Q respectively1, two-way switch pipe Q2... two-way switch pipe Qn；
Described two-way switch pipe PiThe first terminal connects liquid metal cell Ci-1Negative pole, described two-way switch pipe PiSecond terminal and
Equilibrium inductance L one end is connected, described two-way switch pipe QjThe first terminal and liquid metal cell CjPositive pole connects, described two-way opened
Close pipe QjSecond terminal is connected with the equilibrium inductance L other end；Described two-way switch pipe PiControl end and described two-way switch pipe QjControl
End processed is all connected with the driving signal output part of control module；Wherein, 2 < i < n+1,1 < j ＜ n；
Described switching tube P1Negative pole connects with Jun Heng inductance L one end, described switching tube P1Positive pole connects with by balancing battery group positive pole
Connect；Described switching tube Qn+1Positive pole connects with the Jun Heng inductance L other end, described switching tube Qn+1Negative pole with by balancing battery group negative pole
Connect；Described switching tube P1Control end and described switching tube Qn+1Control end to be all connected with the driving signal output part of control module；
Described two-way switch pipe can control two-way circulating of electric current, for controlling to equalize disconnection and the conducting in loop, and is used for
Prevent liquid metal cell short circuit；
Described switching tube can control electric current and circulate from positive to negative pole, is used to control disconnection and the conducting in equilibrium loop；
Described included the liquid metal cell that n is sequentially connected in series by balancing battery group.
Active equalization the most according to claim 2 controls device, it is characterised in that two-way switch pipe in described balance module
Connect including the first metal-oxide-semiconductor and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor, the source electrode of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor and the source electrode of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor, the drain electrode of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor
For the first terminal of two-way switch pipe, the second terminal that the drain electrode of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor is two-way switch, the grid of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor and
The grid of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor is all the control end of two-way switch pipe.
Active equalization the most according to claim 2 controls device, it is characterised in that switching tube is metal-oxide-semiconductor, and metal-oxide-semiconductor leaks
The extremely positive pole of switching tube, metal-oxide-semiconductor source electrode is the negative pole of switching tube, and metal-oxide-semiconductor grid is the control end of switching tube.
5. the active equalization being used for liquid metal cell as described in claim 1 controls a control method for device, its
It is characterised by, comprises the steps:
(1) current signal of each liquid metal cell is gathered；
(2) SOC of each liquid metal cell is calculated according to the current signal of each liquid metal cell；
(3) to the SOC of each liquid metal cell according to being ranked up from big to small, according to formula Δ SOC=SOCmax-SOCmin
Calculating SOC extreme difference, wherein, Δ SOC is SOC extreme difference, SOCmaxFor liquid metal cell SOC maximum, SOCminFor liquid metal
Battery SOC minima；
(4) if Δ SOC ＞ 0, determine that in equilibrium loop, euqalizing current adjusts desired value according to Δ SOC, and by maximum liquid metal
Liquid metal cell corresponding to battery SOC is as balanced discharge object, by the liquid corresponding to minimum liquid metal cell SOC
Metal battery is as equalizaing charge object；Otherwise enter step (7)；
(5) adjust desired value according to balanced discharge object, equalizaing charge object and euqalizing current, determine the control in equilibrium loop
Signal；
(6) real time equaliser electric current in detection equilibrium loop, and adjust desired value correction according to real time equaliser electric current with euqalizing current
The control signal in equilibrium loop, returns step (1)；
(7) output makes the driving signal of all liquid metal cells neither balanced discharge also Unbalance charging, returns step (1).
Control method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described step passes through formula in (2)Calculate the SOC of liquid metal cell, wherein, when t is liquid metal pool charging interval or electric discharge
Between, SOC0For electric discharge initial time or the liquid metal cell SOC, Q of charging initial timeNFor liquid metal cell capacity, η is
Coulombic efficiency, when liquid metal cell discharges, η=1, I is discharge current, and be on the occasion of, when liquid metal cell charges,
η ＜ 1, I are charging current, and are negative value.
Control method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described step determines all according to the extreme difference of SOC in (4)
In weighing apparatus loop, euqalizing current adjusts desired value, comprises the following steps:
(41) when Δ SOC >=0.2, use 0.5C euqalizing current to walk greatly equilibrium, otherwise, enter step (42)；
(42) as 0.1≤Δ SOC ＜ 0.2, using change euqalizing current to carry out becoming step equilibrium, euqalizing current is according to formula IL=
44.44 Δ SOC changes, otherwise, enter step (43)；
(43) as 0.05≤Δ SOC ＜ 0.1, use 0.2C euqalizing current to carry out Conventional equalization, otherwise, enter step (44)；
(44) as 0 ＜ Δ SOC ＜ 0.05, use 0.1C euqalizing current to carry out small step equilibrium, otherwise, exit according to liquid metal
The extreme difference of battery SOC determines the flow process of euqalizing current；
Wherein, Δ SOC is SOC extreme difference, ILFor euqalizing current.
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