CN100581024C - Charging discharging fast equalizing apparatus for accumulator set or super capacitor set - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a fast balancing device for electric charge and discharge of a storage battery and a super capacitor bank. The invention relates to electric charge and discharge monitoring area of the storage battery and the super capacitor bank. The device solves the problem of slow balancing speed of an existing balancing device thus effectively avoids overcharge or overdischarge of individual monomer during the electric charge and discharge process. A single chip microcomputer of a balancing controller is in connection with a charge and discharge monomer and a voltage measuring and conditioning circuit of a flight capacitor, of which the voltage controls the photoelectric relay to gate through a decoder, and the single chip microcomputer is also in connection with a current sensor which is used to detect charge and discharge current, and an MOSFET drive which is used to control a buck-boost transform type flight capacitance equalizer and a digital output translator which is used to control the relay array, in which the relay array is used to control the switching of the equalizer and the charge and discharge monomer, and the MOSFET drive is controlled by the single chip microcomputer to control the quantity of the equalizing current. The device achieves the aims of protecting charge and discharge monomer and prolonging service life by meeting the demand for the balancing speed from high current charge and discharge.

Description

Batteries or bank of super capacitors discharge and recharge the fast uniform device

Technical field

The present invention relates to batteries or bank of super capacitors charge and discharge monitoring field.

Background technology

Because environmental pollution and energy crisis two large problems; the research and development upsurge of electric automobile has extensively been carried out in countries in the world; and battery is the bottleneck of electric automobile development; its reason mainly is the specific energy of battery and the requirement that specific power can not satisfy electric automobile simultaneously, and the life-span that recycles of battery also is an important problem in addition.The former awaits the appearance of novel battery, and the latter---the life-span of battery can obtain by the monitoring management of battery charge and discharge process prolonging.It is the main cause that causes shorter battery life or directly damage that overcharging or crossing during battery charging and discharging put, and charge and discharge balancing control is to improve the battery capacity utilance, avoid battery cell to overcharge or cross the effective means of putting.

At present, storage battery (or ultracapacitor) group monomer voltage equalization methods mainly contains following several: voltage-stabiliser tube method, switch resistance method, coaxial many output winding transformer methods, buck-boost converter method and flying capacitance method etc.Wherein voltage-stabiliser tube method and switch resistance method can only be used for the electric voltage equalization of charging process, and voltage-stabiliser tube and resistance can generate heat, and consumes energy is brought heat dissipation problem to battery pack simultaneously.Coaxial many output winding transformer methods are because the coupling difficulty of a plurality of output windings in practice, any deviation all can be brought balancing error, can't solve with the method for control, simultaneously because the ghost effect of transformer, especially the existence of leakage inductance adopts coaxial many output winding transformers to realize that the complete balanced difficulty of batteries monomer voltage is bigger.Though buck-boost converter method have energy loss little, can carry out all at charging and discharge process that equilibrium, euqalizing current can be modulated, advantage such as the energy transfer velocity is fast between the adjacent monomer, but when series connection monomer One's name is legion, when the battery that voltage is high and minimum was separated by a plurality of monomer, balanced efficient can reduce greatly.Though the flying capacitance method can realize the direct transfer of energy between any two monomers of battery pack, do not repeat invalid energy Flow, but because euqalizing current is subjected to the restriction of the difference of monomer voltage in flying capacitance voltage and the battery pack, carrying out along with balancing procedure, balancing speed can be more and more slower, can't realize complete equilibrium.In addition, for bank of super capacitors, because its charging and discharging currents is big, the speed that discharges and recharges is fast, and this has higher requirement to balancing speed, and said method all can not meet the demands.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is in order to solve the existing slow problem of balancer balancing speed, puts drawback thereby indivedual monomers of having avoided effectively existing in the charge and discharge process overcharge or cross, and proposed a kind of batteries or bank of super capacitors and discharged and recharged the fast uniform device.

The present invention includes buck transform flying capacitance equalizer and balance controller; Balance controller comprises single-chip microcomputer, voltage measurement modulate circuit, current sensor, mosfet driver, expanding digital output translator, decoder, photoelectric relay group and relay array; The voltage signal output end of current sensor connects the input of first AD converter of single-chip microcomputer, the two-way pulse-width signal output of single-chip microcomputer connects the two pulse signals input of mosfet driver, the two path control signal output of mosfet driver connects the controlled signal input of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer, described batteries is made up of n storage battery that is connected in series, described bank of super capacitors is made up of n ultracapacitor that is connected in series, two energy input/output terminals of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer are connected on the both positive and negative polarity of n storage battery or n ultracapacitor by n switch arrays of relay array respectively, the n of relay array controlled end connects n output control terminal of expanding digital output translator respectively, and the input control end of expanding digital output translator connects second control signal output ends of single-chip microcomputer; The input of the n+1 of a photoelectric relay group photoelectric relay is connected on n storage battery or n the ultracapacitor both positive and negative polarity and on the both positive and negative polarity of the flying capacitance of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer, the voltage signal output end of photoelectric relay group connects the voltage signal input of voltage measurement modulate circuit, the voltage signal output end of voltage measurement modulate circuit connects second AD converter input of single-chip microcomputer, the controlled end of the n+1 of a photoelectric relay group photoelectric relay connects n+1 output of decoder respectively, and the signal input part of decoder connects first control signal output ends of single-chip microcomputer.Buck transform flying capacitance equalizer of the present invention is by the first switch mosfet pipe T ₁, the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂, first sustained diode ₁, second sustained diode ₂, inductance L and flying capacitance C _FForm; The first switch mosfet pipe T ₁The grid and the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Grid be the controlled signal input of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer, the two path control signal output of mosfet driver connects the first switch mosfet pipe T respectively ₁The grid and the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Grid, the first switch mosfet pipe T ₁Source electrode, the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Drain electrode be connected the first switch mosfet pipe T with an end of inductance L ₁Drain electrode be an energy input/output terminal of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer, the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Source electrode connect flying capacitance C _FNegative pole, flying capacitance C _FPositive pole and the other end of inductance L another energy input/output terminal of being connected to buck transform flying capacitance equalizer; First sustained diode ₁Positive pole be connected the first switch mosfet pipe T respectively with negative pole ₁Source electrode and drain electrode, second sustained diode ₂Positive pole be connected the second switch mosfet pipe T respectively with negative pole ₂Source electrode and drain electrode.

The present invention be directed to the batteries or the bank of super capacitors of big electric current quick charge; a kind of fast uniform device that discharges and recharges is provided; to satisfy the requirement of high current charge-discharge to balancing speed; thereby avoid little battery of capacity or ultracapacitor monomer to overcharge or cross putting; reach protection battery or ultracapacitor, the purpose that prolongs its useful life.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention; Fig. 2 is the electrical block diagram that buck transform flying capacitance equalizer 1 of the present invention is connected with batteries or bank of super capacitors by relay array 28, C ₁～C _nBe quilt balanced series connection batteries or bank of super capacitors monomer, I is a charging current, S ₁～S _nRelay switching controls switch for relay array 28; Fig. 3 is the change in voltage curve chart that there is capacity tolerance in the present invention to two and has the ultracapacitor of initial pressure reduction to carry out balanced emulation when serial connection charge; Fig. 4 is the change in voltage curve chart that there is capacity tolerance in the present invention to two and has the ultracapacitor of initial pressure reduction to carry out balanced emulation when discharged in series; Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are to four ultracapacitors monomer voltage change curve when the series circulation charge and discharge process carries out electric voltage equalization.

Embodiment

Embodiment one: in conjunction with Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 present embodiment is described, present embodiment is made up of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer 1 and balance controller 2; Balance controller 2 is made up of single-chip microcomputer 21, voltage measurement modulate circuit 22, current sensor 23, mosfet driver 24, expanding digital output translator 25, decoder 26, photoelectric relay group 27 and relay array 28.The voltage signal output end of current sensor 23 connects the input of first AD converter of single-chip microcomputer 21, the two-way pulse-width signal output of single-chip microcomputer 21 connects the two pulse signals input of mosfet driver 24, the two path control signal output of mosfet driver 24 connects the controlled signal input of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer 1, described batteries is made up of n storage battery that is connected in series, described bank of super capacitors is made up of n ultracapacitor that is connected in series, two energy input/output terminals of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer 1 are connected on the both positive and negative polarity of n storage battery or n ultracapacitor by n switch arrays of relay array 28 respectively, the n of relay array 28 controlled end connects n output control terminal of expanding digital output translator 25 respectively, and the input control end of expanding digital output translator 25 connects second control signal output ends of single-chip microcomputer 21; The input of the n+1 of photoelectric relay group 27 photoelectric relay is connected on n storage battery or n the ultracapacitor both positive and negative polarity and on the both positive and negative polarity of the flying capacitance of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer 1, the voltage signal output end of photoelectric relay group 27 connects the voltage signal input of voltage measurement modulate circuit 22, the voltage signal output end of voltage measurement modulate circuit 22 connects second AD converter input of single-chip microcomputer 21, the controlled end of the n+1 of photoelectric relay group 27 photoelectric relay connects n+1 output of decoder 26 respectively, and the signal input part of decoder 26 connects first control signal output ends of single-chip microcomputer 21.

Embodiment two: in conjunction with Fig. 2 present embodiment is described, present embodiment and embodiment one difference are that buck transform flying capacitance equalizer 1 is by the first switch mosfet pipe T ₁, the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂, first sustained diode ₁, second sustained diode ₂, inductance L and flying capacitance C _FForm; The first switch mosfet pipe T ₁The grid and the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Grid be the controlled signal input of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer 1, the two path control signal output of mosfet driver 24 connects the first switch mosfet pipe T respectively ₁The grid and the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Grid, the first switch mosfet pipe T ₁Source electrode, the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Drain electrode be connected the first switch mosfet pipe T with an end of inductance L ₁Drain electrode be an energy input/output terminal of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer 1, the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Source electrode connect flying capacitance C _FNegative pole, flying capacitance C _FPositive pole and the other end of inductance L another energy input/output terminal of being connected to buck transform flying capacitance equalizer 1; First sustained diode ₁Positive pole be connected the first switch mosfet pipe T respectively with negative pole ₁Source electrode and drain electrode, second sustained diode ₂Positive pole be connected the second switch mosfet pipe T respectively with negative pole ₂Source electrode and drain electrode.Other composition is identical with embodiment one with connected mode.

Embodiment three: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment and embodiment one difference are to have increased CAN driver 29, the data Transmitting and Receiving End of CAN driver 29 connects the CAN data Transmitting and Receiving End of single-chip microcomputer 21 respectively, and the CAN communication interface of CAN driver 29 is connected with the CAN communication interface of external equipment.Other composition is identical with embodiment one with connected mode.

Operation principle:

After the system start-up, at first detect batteries or bank of super capacitors monomer voltage, flying capacitance voltage and charging and discharging currents, promptly start equalization operation if the pressure reduction of the minimum voltage of the ceiling voltage of the interior monomer of batteries or bank of super capacitors and monomer surpasses permissible value.

With C ₁And C _nBetween electric voltage equalization be example, establish C ₁Voltage be ceiling voltage, C _nVoltage be minimum voltage, C ₁Voltage and C _nVoltage pressure reduction surpass permissible value, the capacity of flying capacitance is enough big, then single-chip microcomputer 21 at first by the relay switch S1 closure of expanding digital output translator 25 control relay arrays 28, is controlled the first switch mosfet pipe T by one road pulse signal output end PWM1 output fm control signal of single-chip microcomputer 21 afterwards ₁Break-make, when control signal is high level, the first switch mosfet pipe T ₁Conducting, C ₁The portion of energy dump in inductance L.When control signal is low level, the first switch mosfet pipe T ₁End second sustained diode ₂Afterflow, the energy in the inductance L is discharged into flying capacitor C _FIn, through after a while to the first switch mosfet pipe T ₁Break-make control, promptly needs by C ₁Transfer to C _nEnergy all transfer to flying capacitor C by inductance L _FIn, the first switch mosfet pipe T ₁Control signal stop output, the relay switch S of expanding digital output translator 25 control relay arrays 28 ₁Disconnect.Then, make the relay switch S of relay array 28 _nClosure is controlled the second switch mosfet pipe T by another road pulse signal output end PWM2 output fm control signal of single-chip microcomputer 21 ₂Break-make, when control signal is high level, the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Conducting, flying capacitor C _FThe portion of energy dump in inductance L.When control signal is low level, the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂End first sustained diode ₁Afterflow, the energy in the inductance L is discharged into capacitor C _nIn, through after a while to the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Break-make control, promptly by C ₁Transfer to C _FEnergy transfer to capacitor C by inductance _nIn, the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Control signal stop output, the relay switch S of expanding digital output translator 25 control relay arrays 28 _nDisconnect, finish the equilibrium between the highest and minimum monomer of primary voltage.When appearance the highest new and minimum voltage difference exceeds permissible value, repeat said process.So both can realize the dynamic equalization of whole bank of super capacitors.

Balanced control algolithm flow process:

1) after system's operation, at first patrols and examines bank of super capacitors monomer voltage and flying capacitor voltage and charging and discharging currents,, need to preserve each monomer voltage and charging and discharging currents data for capacity at the line computation ultracapacitor.Calculate high and minimum voltage difference delta u _Max, if Δ u _MaxMaximum and minimum voltage difference permissible value then carries out voltage polling, once more until Δ u less than the capacitance group monomer _MaxMaximum and the minimum voltage difference permissible value more than or equal to monomer.According to the minimum and the highest condenser capacity C of (1) formula calculating voltage _VnAnd C _VmAnd relative deviation δ.

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{C}_{\mathrm{Vm}}=\frac{{\&Integral;}_{t_1}^{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="C2008101371460013H1.png,C2008101371460014H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_2}\mathrm{Idt}}{U_{\mathrm{Cm}2}-U_{\mathrm{Cm}1}}\\ C_{\mathrm{Vn}}=\frac{{\&Integral;}_{t_1}^{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="C2008101371460013H1.png,C2008101371460014H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_2}\mathrm{Idt}}{U_{\mathrm{Cn}2}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="U\; Cn"\; filenames="C2008101371460013H2.png,C2008101371460014H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{Cn}}}\\ \mathrm{\&delta;}=\frac{C_{\mathrm{Vn}}-C_{\mathrm{Vm}}}{C_{\mathrm{Vm}}}=\frac{U_{\mathrm{Cm}2}-U_{\mathrm{Cm}1}}{U_{\mathrm{Cn}2}-U_{\mathrm{Cn}1}}-1\end{array}\right.---\left(1\right)$

U in the formula _Cm2, U _Cn2And U _Cm1, U _Cn1Be respectively the highest and minimum monomer voltage of last detection and the voltage of corresponding integration two capacitors zero hour; I is a charging current.

2) shift required time t according to (2) formula calculating energy.

$t=\frac{4(1+\mathrm{\&delta;})C_{\mathrm{Vm}}\mathrm{\&Delta;}{u}_{\max }}{(2+\mathrm{\&delta;})i_{L\max }-8\mathrm{\&delta;I}}---\left(2\right)$

I in the formula _LmaxMaximum for inductive current.

3) judge flying capacitor C _FVoltage u _CFWhether less than the average of its operating voltage bound, if then carry out downwards; Otherwise skip to 6).

4) the high monomer voltage of establishing last detection is u _Max, with u _MaxReplace u _S, calculate the first switch mosfet pipe T by (3) formula ₁Operating frequency f ₁Control the monomer corresponding switch S the highest with voltage _uClosure, the monomer that equalizer and voltage are the highest is in parallel, with frequency f ₁Start the first switch mosfet pipe T ₁Work starts timer simultaneously, when the time arrives energy transfer required time t, and the first switch mosfet pipe T ₁Quit work control switch S _uDisconnect and (need this moment the energy of transfer from the highest monomer of voltage, to transfer to flying capacitor C _FIn).

$f=\frac{u_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="C2008101371460013H1.png,C2008101371460014H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}}{2{\mathrm{Li}}_{L\max }}---\left(3\right)$

U in the formula _SShift the voltage of source capacitor for energy; L is an inductance value.

5) detect flying capacitor C _FCurrent voltage be designated as u _CFC, with u _CFCReplace u _S, calculate the second switch mosfet pipe T by (3) formula ₂Operating frequency f ₂Control and the minimum corresponding switch S of monomer of voltage _dClosure, the monomer that equalizer and voltage are minimum is in parallel, with frequency f ₂Start the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Work starts timer simultaneously, when the time arrives energy transfer required time t, and the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Quit work control switch S _dDisconnect and (need this moment the energy of transfer from flying capacitor C _FTransfer in the minimum capacitor of voltage), turn back to 1).

6) with u _CFReplace u _S, calculate the second switch mosfet pipe T by (3) formula ₂Operating frequency f ' ₂Control and the minimum corresponding switch S of monomer of voltage _dClosure, the monomer that equalizer and voltage are minimum is in parallel, with frequency f ' ₂Start the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Work starts timer simultaneously, when the time arrives energy transfer required time t, and the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Quit work control switch S _dDisconnect and (need this moment the energy of transfer from flying capacitor C _FTransfer in the minimum capacitor of voltage).

7) detect the highest current voltage of monomer of previous voltage and be designated as u _Maxc, with u _MaxcReplace u _S, calculate the first switch mosfet pipe T by (3) formula ₁Operating frequency f ' ₁Control the monomer corresponding switch S the highest with voltage _uClosure, the monomer that equalizer and voltage are the highest is in parallel, with frequency f ' ₁Start the first switch mosfet pipe T ₁Work starts timer simultaneously, when the time arrives energy transfer required time t, and the first switch mosfet pipe T ₁Quit work control switch S _uDisconnect and (need transfer to flying capacitor C from the energy that the highest monomer transfer of voltage is shifted out at this moment _FIn), turn back to 1).

Experimental result:

Fig. 3 is the serial connected super capacitor C that initial pressure reduction is arranged to two ₁And C ₂In charging process, carry out the simulation result of electric voltage equalization.Capacitor C wherein ₁Get 300F, initial voltage is 0.85V, C ₂Get 367.5F, initial voltage is 0.8V, two capacitor relative deviation δ=22.5%.With the 50A constant current charge.Can get according to formula (2), in order in 2 seconds, to make C ₁And C ₂Voltage equate that the inductance maximum current that eliminating initial pressure reduction needs is 33A, the inductance maximum current that eliminating new pressure reduction that charging current causes needs is 40.5A, total inductance maximum current is 73.5A.Consider the influence of switching device on state resistance, power taking sense maximum current is 75A, and inductance is got 2 μ H, and when then energy transfer source condenser voltage was 1V, the break-make frequency of switching tube was 3.33kHz.The inductive current maximum only needs 40.5A after 2 seconds, and when energy transfer source condenser voltage was 1V, the break-make frequency of switching tube was 6.17kHz, and the operating frequency of other voltage section is calculated according to formula f=3.33u or f=6.17u.Shift requirement, the capacity C of flying capacitance according to energy _FShould be not less than 17.8F,, be convenient to control system and realize, get C for the change in voltage scope that makes flying capacitance is little _F=367.5F, initial voltage is made as 0.85V.

Fig. 4 is the serial connected super capacitor C that initial pressure reduction is arranged to two ₁And C ₂In discharge process, carry out the simulation result of electric voltage equalization.Capacitor C wherein ₁Get 367.5F, initial voltage is 1.6V, C ₂Get 300F, initial voltage is 1.55V, and δ=22.5% is with the 50A constant-current discharge.Flying capacitance C _FGet 500F, initial voltage is made as 1.5V.

In the ultracapacitor operating voltage range, 5s has been carried out in emulation altogether.Give flying capacitance change in voltage curve among Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, as seen from the figure, after charge/discharge began, preceding 2s had promptly eliminated initial pressure reduction, and 3s has after this carried out three times by C ₁→ C _F→ C ₂Energy shift, guaranteed the unanimity of two serial connected super condenser voltages when charge/discharge finishes.

In order to observe portfolio effect, selecting four bigger nominal values of capacity tolerance is that (operating voltage range is 0.8v～1.6v), has carried out the experiment of series-connection charge-discharge dynamic equalization for 30,000 farads ultracapacitor.The maximum of these four ultracapacitors and minimum capacity deviation are about 28%, and initial voltage is respectively 1.13V, 1.11V, 1.09V and 1.08V, and promptly maximum initial pressure reduction is 0.05V.Discharge and recharge and begin promptly to start equilibrium, charging and discharging currents is 100A, and euqalizing current is that the inductive current maximum is about 87A.

Device used in the experiment is as follows: flying capacitance C _FWith the ultracapacitor of the VCT3E4 type that is all adopted Harbin huge appearance company to produce by balanced monomer, inductance L is about 2 microhenrys, first sustained diode ₁With the first switch mosfet pipe T ₁With second sustained diode ₂With the second switch mosfet pipe T ₂Adopt the IXTQ160N10T power switch pipe of on state resistance less than the German IXYS company of 7 milliohms, it is the HHC71F-1Z of Shenyang of 100A glad clever relay Co., Ltd that the transfer relay in the relay array 28 adopts load current.Single-chip microcomputer 21 is the core devices of balance controller 2, adopts the PIC18F458 single-chip microcomputer of U.S. Microchip company.Photoelectric relay in the photoelectric relay group 28 in the peripheral circuit adopts the G3VM-402C of Japan OMRON, mosfet driver 24 adopts the TC4428 of U.S. Microchip company, and current sensor 23 adopts the CHK-400Y4 of Beijing Electronics Co., Ltd. of gloomy society.

Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are each monomer voltage change curve of constant current cycle charge-discharge dynamic equalization process, and wherein Fig. 6 is the local enlargement display that to discharge and recharge portfolio effect when finishing and carry out in order to observe.Maximum is 0.018V with minimum differntial pressure during the charging end, and maximum and minimum differntial pressure were 0.026V when discharge finished.The discharge process portfolio effect not as the reason of charging process is: the large current density electrical efficiency is low, and is fast when super capacitor electrode drops speed ratio charges during discharge, certainly leads to this result and carry out equilibrium with same euqalizing current.Can change the size of euqalizing current during actual the use according to testing result at any time, to strengthen balanced dynamics.In order to make full use of the capacity of ultracapacitor, can suitably reduce charging current, so also help the raising of portfolio effect.

In addition, discharge and recharge the dynamic equalization result from whole circulation, it is zero that equilibrium does not make monomer pressure reduction.This has many-sided reason, at first is that the used ultracapacitor monomer capacity tolerance of experiment is bigger, should screen during actual the use, and reasonably mate.Secondly the series resistance of each monomer is not quite identical, also must exert an influence to equilibrium control, especially the charge and discharge process dynamic equalization.The error of detecting unit also can influence balanced control effect in the equalizing system besides.But, as a whole, each monomer pressure reduction remains at a lower level in the whole balancing procedure, and the capacitor group can be used as an integral body and discharges and recharges and each monomer voltage maintenance variation synchronously in organizing, make full use of the energy storage of capacitor group, realized the design object of dynamic equalization.

Claims (3)

1, batteries or bank of super capacitors discharge and recharge the fast uniform device, it is characterized in that it comprises buck transform flying capacitance equalizer (1) and balance controller (2); Balance controller (2) comprises single-chip microcomputer (21), voltage measurement modulate circuit (22), current sensor (23), mosfet driver (24), expanding digital output translator (25), decoder (26), photoelectric relay group (27) and relay array (28); The voltage signal output end of current sensor (23) connects the input of first AD converter of single-chip microcomputer (21), the two-way pulse-width signal output of single-chip microcomputer (21) connects the two pulse signals input of mosfet driver (24), the two path control signal output of mosfet driver (24) connects the controlled signal input of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer (1), described batteries is made up of n storage battery that is connected in series, described bank of super capacitors is made up of n ultracapacitor that is connected in series, two energy input/output terminals of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer (1) are connected on the both positive and negative polarity of n storage battery or n ultracapacitor by n switch arrays of relay array (28) respectively, the n of relay array (28) controlled end connects n output control terminal of expanding digital output translator (25) respectively, and the input control end of expanding digital output translator (25) connects second control signal output ends of single-chip microcomputer (21); The input of n+1 photoelectric relay of photoelectric relay group (27) is connected on n storage battery or n the ultracapacitor both positive and negative polarity and on the both positive and negative polarity of the flying capacitance of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer (1), the voltage signal output end of photoelectric relay group (27) connects the voltage signal input of voltage measurement modulate circuit (22), the voltage signal output end of voltage measurement modulate circuit (22) connects second AD converter input of single-chip microcomputer (21), the controlled end of n+1 photoelectric relay of photoelectric relay group (27) connects n+1 output of decoder (26) respectively, and the signal input part of decoder (26) connects first control signal output ends of single-chip microcomputer (21).

2, batteries according to claim 1 or bank of super capacitors discharge and recharge the fast uniform device, it is characterized in that buck transform flying capacitance equalizer (1) is by the first switch mosfet pipe (T ₁), switch mosfet pipe (T ₂), the first fly-wheel diode (D ₁), the second fly-wheel diode (D ₂), inductance (L) and flying capacitance (C _F) form; The first switch mosfet pipe (T ₁) the grid and the second switch mosfet pipe (T ₂) grid be the controlled signal input of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer (1), the two path control signal output of mosfet driver (24) connects the first switch mosfet pipe (T respectively ₁) the grid and the second switch mosfet pipe (T ₂) grid, the first switch mosfet pipe (T ₁) source electrode, the second switch mosfet pipe (T ₂) drain electrode be connected the first switch mosfet pipe (T with an end of inductance (L) ₁) drain electrode be an energy input/output terminal of buck transform flying capacitance equalizer (1), the second switch mosfet pipe (T ₂) source electrode connect flying capacitance (C _F) negative pole, flying capacitance (C _F) positive pole and the other end of inductance (L) another energy input/output terminal of being connected to buck transform flying capacitance equalizer (1); First fly-wheel diode (the D ₁) positive pole be connected the first switch mosfet pipe (T respectively with negative pole ₁) source electrode and drain electrode, the second fly-wheel diode (D ₂) positive pole be connected the second switch mosfet pipe (T respectively with negative pole ₂) source electrode and drain electrode.

3, batteries according to claim 1 or bank of super capacitors discharge and recharge the fast uniform device, it is characterized in that balance controller (2) also comprises CAN driver (29), the data Transmitting and Receiving End of CAN driver (29) connects the CAN data Transmitting and Receiving End of single-chip microcomputer (21) respectively, and the CAN communication interface of CAN driver (29) is connected with the CAN communication interface of external equipment.

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