CN111469713A - Passive equalization control method for new energy automobile power battery - Google Patents
Passive equalization control method for new energy automobile power battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111469713A CN111469713A CN202010351910.XA CN202010351910A CN111469713A CN 111469713 A CN111469713 A CN 111469713A CN 202010351910 A CN202010351910 A CN 202010351910A CN 111469713 A CN111469713 A CN 111469713A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of battery equalization control, in particular to a passive equalization control method for a power battery of a new energy automobile, which comprises the step of controlling the power battery to be in a passive equalization mode at intervals of Tn(material, structure), the voltage inquiry of a round of battery cell is carried out; when the actual voltage U of one or more battery cells exists in the batteryn(tep, time) and the absolute value of the average voltage difference of the battery electric core is out of the set safe voltage range, and then passive balance control is carried out; the passive equalization control process is as follows: calculating theoretical total capacity SOC of batteryTheory of the inventionAnd the real-time electric quantity SOC of the batteryReal timeThe SOC range of the SOC' is determined by inquiring the SOC range-balance current I comparison table, balance control is carried out according to balance current corresponding to the SOC range in the SOC range-balance current I comparison table, passive balance is carried out when the electric quantity difference among the battery cores reaches a threshold value, the difference area of the electric quantity is fully considered, and balance current can be carried outThe control is in a reasonable small area, and the accuracy of passive equalization control is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery equalization control, in particular to a passive equalization control method for a power battery of a new energy automobile.
Background
The power battery is a source of energy of the electric automobile, and not only provides electric energy for driving the electric automobile, but also provides electric energy for electronic auxiliary equipment on the automobile. The cell performances of the series battery pack are difficult to achieve complete consistency, and the environmental difference in the using process aggravates the inconsistency among the performances of the single cells of the battery pack, so that the imbalance condition among the cells is worsened. Therefore, the inconsistency among the monomers is required to be improved through balance control in the use process of the battery pack, the energy utilization efficiency of the battery pack is improved, the service life of the battery pack is prolonged, and the cruising ability of the electric automobile is further improved. The passive balance plays a very key role in prolonging the service life of the power battery and improving the dynamic property of the new energy vehicle.
In the current passive equalization control algorithm of the power battery of the new energy automobile, the current and the voltage of a battery cell are mainly taken as consideration bases. When charging, when the voltage of the battery cell exceeds a certain limit value, the battery cell with the highest voltage is discharged to achieve the effect of balance. During discharging, when the voltage of the battery cell is lower than a certain limit value, the battery cell with the lowest voltage is charged to achieve the effect of balancing. The method fully considers the real-time voltage and current values of the battery cell, but does not consider the influence brought by the balanced current, the temperature and the time. Especially for the balanced current, if the balanced current can be controlled in a small state, the volume of a large number of parts can be controlled, and the cost of electronic components can be reduced. Therefore, it is also important to control the equalizing current in the control of the passive equalization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a passive equalization control method for a power battery of a new energy automobile, aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the passive equalization control method can control the passive equalization current in a reasonable small area, so that the temperature of a battery pack in passive equalization can be better controlled.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
at intervals of time Tn(material, structure), the voltage inquiry of a round of battery cell is carried out;
when the actual voltage U of one or more battery cells exists in the batteryn(tep, time) and the absolute value of the average voltage difference of the battery electric core is out of the set safe voltage range, and then passive balance control is carried out;
the passive equalization control process is as follows:
calculating theoretical total capacity SOC of batteryTheory of the inventionAnd the real-time electric quantity SOC of the batteryReal timeDetermining the SOC range of the SOC' by inquiring the SOC range-balance current I comparison table, and carrying out balance control according to the balance current corresponding to the SOC range in the SOC range-balance current I comparison table.
Preferably, the actual voltage U of the battery cellnThe (tep, time) acquisition mode comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a voltage when the battery is fully charged and a voltage after the battery is reduced to a low charge through a sensor, and inquiring an electric quantity-voltage comparison table to obtain a first electric energy consumption amount of the battery in the process of reducing the battery from the full charge to the low charge;
step 2, integrating the discharge current according to the time consumed by the battery for reducing the full electric quantity to the low electric quantity to obtain a second electric energy consumption of the battery in the process of reducing the full electric quantity to the low electric quantity, calculating a difference value between the first electric energy consumption and the second electric energy consumption, and executing a step 3 and an inverse regular execution step 4 if the difference value is within a set error range;
step 3, taking the average value of the first electric energy consumption and the second electric energy consumption as the electric energy consumption, and inquiring an electric quantity-voltage comparison table according to the electric energy consumption to obtain a voltage U to be correctedn；
Step 4, neutralizing the first electric energy consumption and the second electric energy consumptionThe electric quantity closer to the actual electric quantity required by the whole vehicle is used as the electric energy consumption quantity, and the electric quantity-voltage comparison table is inquired according to the electric energy consumption quantity to obtain the voltage U to be correctedn；
Step 5, calculating the temperature change speed according to the time required by the battery to change from the initial temperature to the current temperature, inquiring a voltage correction coefficient comparison table according to the current temperature and the temperature change speed to obtain a voltage correction coefficient α, and obtaining the voltage correction coefficient according to a formula Un(tep,time)＝Un+α*UnTo obtain the actual voltage Un(tep,time)。
Preferably, the SOC ranges in the SOC range-balance current I comparison table are 0 to SOC sequentially1、SOC1～SOC2……SOCn-1～SOCnThe balance current I corresponding to each SOC range in the SOC range-balance current I comparison table is I in sequence1、I2……In；
Wherein 0<SOC1<SOC2<SOCn<C，0<I1<I2<In<ImaxSaid I ismaxThe maximum discharge current of the battery.
Preferably, the balancing current I ═ I (the difference in capacity C' between the cells, the time t available for balancing), I ═ I (the time t available for balancing)1、I2……InAre obtained according to the formula calibration.
Preferably, the real-time temperature of the battery pack and the equilibrium temperature point T of the battery pack are measuredBatteryDifference value of (1) TXIf the temperature exceeds the set temperature range, performing power reduction treatment and then performing passive balance control;
the method for reducing the power is to use the SOCTheory of the invention' As a new theoretical Total Capacity of the Battery, the SOCTheory of the invention′<SOCTheory of the invention。
Preferably, the method further comprises performing a correction process on the equalization current, and the method comprises:
inquiring a temperature range-balance current I comparison table, and determining the real-time temperature of the battery pack and the balance temperature point T of the battery packBatteryDifference value of (1) TXTo which it belongsA temperature range;
and obtaining a corresponding balance current correction value according to the temperature range in the temperature range-balance current I comparison table, wherein the balance current correction value is the product of the balance current obtained after the SOC range-balance current I comparison table is inquired and a correction coefficient.
Preferably, the temperature ranges in the temperature range-equilibrium current I comparison table are T1-T2, T2-T3 and T3-T4 in sequence, and the equilibrium currents I corresponding to the temperature ranges in the temperature range-equilibrium current I comparison table are I in sequence0*α、I0*β、I0*γ；
Wherein 0<T1<T2<T3<T4<Tmaxα > β > gamma, said TmaxThe maximum acceptable temperature of the battery, I0The balance current obtained after inquiring the SOC range-balance current I comparison table.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. when the electric quantity difference between the electric cores reaches a threshold value, passive equalization is carried out, the difference area of the electric quantity is fully considered, the equalization current can be controlled in a reasonable small area, and the accuracy of the passive equalization control is guaranteed.
2. The real-time voltage and current values and the influence of temperature and time on the real-time voltage of the battery cell are considered on the battery cell voltage, so that the battery cell voltage is more accurate.
3. The method has the advantages that the pure current balance control or the current balance control after power reduction is selected according to the real-time temperature of the battery pack, the influence of the battery temperature and the battery performance attenuation on the balance control can be eliminated, the battery pack temperature and the balance current during the balance control can be better controlled, and meanwhile, the hardware cost is reduced.
4. In the power reduction balance control, a correction coefficient pair I is adopted0And the accuracy of the balance control can be further ensured by correcting. The correction coefficient is obtained after real-time control, and reasonable passive balance can be carried out according to the actual performance of the battery and the requirement of the whole vehicle on the battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a control flow diagram of a passive equalization control method for a new energy vehicle power battery according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention, but are for clear understanding.
As shown in fig. 1, the control flow of the passive equalization control method for the power battery of the new energy vehicle of the invention is as follows:
step 1: collecting the real-time voltage of the battery cell, analyzing the influence of temperature and time on the cell to obtain the actual voltage U of the celln(tep,time)。
Actual voltage U of the battery cellnThe (tep, time) acquisition mode comprises the following steps:
step 101, acquiring a voltage when the battery is fully charged and a voltage after the battery is reduced to a low charge through a sensor, and inquiring an electric quantity-voltage comparison table to obtain a first electric energy consumption amount of the battery in the process of reducing the battery from the full charge to the low charge;
step 102, integrating the discharge current according to the time consumed by the battery for reducing the full electric quantity to the low electric quantity to obtain a second electric energy consumption of the battery in the process of reducing the full electric quantity to the low electric quantity, calculating a difference value between the first electric energy consumption and the second electric energy consumption, executing step 103 if the difference value is within a set error range, and executing step 104 in an anti-regular mode;
step 103, taking the average value of the first electric energy consumption and the second electric energy consumption as the electric energy consumption, and inquiring an electric quantity-voltage comparison table according to the electric energy consumption to obtain a voltage U to be correctedn；
104, taking the electric energy consumption which is closer to the actual electric energy demand of the whole vehicle in the first electric energy consumption and the second electric energy consumption as the electric energy consumption, and inquiring an electric quantity-voltage comparison table according to the electric energy consumption to obtain a to-be-corrected voltage Un；
Step 105, calculating the temperature change speed according to the time required by the battery to change from the initial temperature to the current temperature, inquiring a voltage correction coefficient comparison table according to the current temperature and the temperature change speed, and acquiring the voltage correctionPositive coefficient α according to formula Un(tep,time)＝Un+α*UnTo obtain the actual voltage Un(tep,time)。
Wherein, the electric quantity-voltage comparison table is a conventional table obtained according to statistics.
The voltage correction coefficient comparison table is a two-dimensional comparison table, the row attributes and the column attributes of the voltage correction coefficient comparison table are the current temperature and the temperature change speed respectively, and data in the table are voltage correction coefficients. The table is a voltage correction coefficient obtained by counting the variation state of the electric quantity at different temperatures and temperature variation speeds and based on the variation state of the electric quantity.
Step 2: according to the material and the battery arrangement structure of the battery pack, a table is looked up to obtain a time period Tn (structural) for polling and checking the electric quantity of the battery cell, and the following principle is that the material and the arrangement structure which are more unfavorable for heat dissipation are more favorable, and the time period for polling and checking the electric quantity of the battery cell is shorter.
And step 3: at intervals of time Tn(material), a round of voltage inquiry of battery cell is carried out, when the voltage U of one or more battery cells exists in the batterynAnd (tep, time) and the absolute value of the average voltage difference value of the battery electric core is out of the set safe voltage range, and then the passive balance control is carried out.
And 4, step 4: setting a battery pack equalization temperature point TBatteryCalculating the real-time temperature of the battery pack and the equilibrium temperature point T of the battery packBatteryDifference value of (1) TXWhen the real-time temperature of the battery pack and the equilibrium temperature point T of the battery pack are reachedBatteryDifference value of (1) TXOut of the set temperature range (0, T)1) If yes, executing step 5; when the real-time temperature of the battery pack and the equilibrium temperature point T of the battery packBatteryDifference value of (1) TXWithin a set temperature range (in the present embodiment, the set temperature range is (0, T)1) Step 6) is executed;
and 5: the power reduction processing is carried out by using the SOCTheory of the invention' As a new theoretical Total Capacity of the Battery, the SOCTheory of the invention′<SOCTheory of the invention，SOCTheory of the invention' may be set in terms of percentages.
Step 6: calculating the theoretical total capacity of the battery (if the preorder step is 4, the theoretical total capacity of the battery is SOC)Theory of the inventionIf the preceding step is 4, the theoretical total capacity of the battery is SOCTheory of the invention') and battery real-time capacity SOCReal timeDetermining the SOC range of the SOC' by inquiring the SOC range-balance current I comparison table, and carrying out balance control according to the balance current corresponding to the SOC range in the SOC range-balance current I comparison table.
Preferably, the SOC ranges in the SOC range-balance current I comparison table are 0 to SOC in sequence1、SOC1～SOC2……SOCn-1～SOCnThe balance current I corresponding to each SOC range in the SOC range-balance current I comparison table is I in sequence1、I2……In(ii) a Wherein 0<SOC1<SOC2<SOCn<C，0<I1<I2<In<ImaxSaid I ismaxThe maximum discharge capacity of the battery. In this embodiment, n is 3, and the value of n may be set according to an actual situation.
In this example, the SOC range-equalization current I look-up table is shown in the following table:
| SOC range | 0～SOC1 | SOC1～SOC2 | SOC2～SOC3 |
| Equalizing current I | I1 | I2 | I3 |
Preferably, the balancing current I ═ I (the difference in capacity C' between the cells, the time t available for balancing), I ═ I (the time t available for balancing)1、I2……InAre obtained according to the formula calibration.
And 7: and correcting the equalizing current.
Inquiring a temperature range-balance current I comparison table, and determining the real-time temperature of the battery pack and the balance temperature point T of the battery packBatteryDifference value of (1) TXThe temperature range to which it belongs;
and obtaining a corresponding balance current correction value according to the temperature range in the temperature range-balance current I comparison table, wherein the balance current correction value is the product of the balance current obtained after the SOC range-balance current I comparison table is inquired and a correction coefficient.
Preferably, the temperature ranges in the temperature range-equilibrium current I comparison table are T1-T2, T2-T3 and T3-T4 in sequence, and the equilibrium currents I corresponding to the temperature ranges in the temperature range-equilibrium current I comparison table are I in sequence0*α、I0*β、I0*γ；
Wherein 0<T1<T2<T3<T4<Tmaxα > β > gamma, said TmaxThe maximum acceptable temperature of the battery, I0The balance current obtained after inquiring the SOC range-balance current I comparison table.
In this example, the temperature range-equilibrium current I comparison table is shown in the following table:
| temperature range | T1～T2 | T2～T3 | T3～T4 |
| Equalizing current I | I0*α | I0*β | I0*γ |
Details not described in this specification are within the skill of the art that are well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A passive balance control method for a power battery of a new energy automobile is characterized in that,
at intervals of time Tn(material, structure), the voltage inquiry of a round of battery cell is carried out;
when the actual voltage U of one or more battery cells exists in the batteryn(tep, time) and the absolute value of the average voltage difference of the battery electric core is out of the set safe voltage range, and then passive balance control is carried out;
the passive equalization control process is as follows:
calculating theoretical total capacity SOC of batteryTheory of the inventionAnd the real-time electric quantity SOC of the batteryReal timeDetermining the SOC range of the SOC' by inquiring the SOC range-balance current I comparison table, and carrying out balance control according to the balance current corresponding to the SOC range in the SOC range-balance current I comparison table.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the actual voltage U of the battery cell is controlled according to the actual voltage UnThe (tep, time) acquisition mode comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a voltage when the battery is fully charged and a voltage after the battery is reduced to a low charge through a sensor, and inquiring an electric quantity-voltage comparison table to obtain a first electric energy consumption amount of the battery in the process of reducing the battery from the full charge to the low charge;
step 2, integrating the discharge current according to the time consumed by the battery for reducing the full electric quantity to the low electric quantity to obtain a second electric energy consumption of the battery in the process of reducing the full electric quantity to the low electric quantity, calculating a difference value between the first electric energy consumption and the second electric energy consumption, and executing a step 3 and an inverse regular execution step 4 if the difference value is within a set error range;
step 3, taking the average value of the first electric energy consumption and the second electric energy consumption as the electric energy consumption, and inquiring an electric quantity-voltage comparison table according to the electric energy consumption to obtain a voltage U to be correctedn；
Step 4, taking the electric energy consumption which is closer to the actual electric energy demand of the whole vehicle in the first electric energy consumption and the second electric energy consumption as the electric energy consumption, and inquiring an electric quantity-voltage comparison table according to the electric energy consumption to obtain a to-be-corrected voltage Un；
Step 5, calculating the temperature change speed according to the time required by the battery to change from the initial temperature to the current temperature, inquiring a voltage correction coefficient comparison table according to the current temperature and the temperature change speed to obtain a voltage correction coefficient α, and obtaining the voltage correction coefficient according to a formula Un(tep,time)＝Un+α*UnTo obtain the actual voltage Un(tep,time)。
3. The passive balance control method for the power battery of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the SOC ranges in the SOC range-balance current I comparison table are sequentially 0-SOC1、SOC1～SOC2……SOCn-1～SOCnThe balance current I corresponding to each SOC range in the SOC range-balance current I comparison table is I in sequence1、I2……In；
Wherein 0<SOC1<SOC2<SOCn<C，0<I1<I2<In<ImaxSaid I ismaxThe maximum discharge current of the battery.
4.The method for controlling the passive balance of the power batteries of the new energy automobile according to claim 3, wherein the balance current I (the capacity difference C' between the batteries) is I (the time t available for balance), and I is1、I2……InAre obtained according to the formula calibration.
5. The passive balance control method for the power battery of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that when the real-time temperature of the battery pack and the balance temperature point T of the battery pack are reachedBatteryDifference value of (1) TXIf the temperature exceeds the set temperature range, performing power reduction treatment and then performing passive balance control;
the method for reducing the power is to use the SOCTheory of the invention' As a new theoretical Total Capacity of the Battery, the SOCTheory of the invention′<SOCTheory of the invention。
6. The passive balance control method for the power battery of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, further comprising the step of correcting the balance current, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
inquiring a temperature range-balance current I comparison table, and determining the real-time temperature of the battery pack and the balance temperature point T of the battery packBatteryDifference value of (1) TXThe temperature range to which it belongs;
and obtaining a corresponding balance current correction value according to the temperature range in the temperature range-balance current I comparison table, wherein the balance current correction value is the product of the balance current obtained after the SOC range-balance current I comparison table is inquired and a correction coefficient.
7. The passive balance control method for the power battery of the new energy automobile as claimed in claim 6, wherein the temperature ranges in the temperature range-balance current I comparison table are sequentially T1-T2, T2-T3 and T3-T4, and the balance currents I corresponding to the temperature ranges in the temperature range-balance current I comparison table are sequentially I0*α、I0*β、I0*γ；
Wherein 0<T1<T2<T3<T4<Tmaxα > β > gamma, said TmaxThe maximum acceptable temperature of the battery, I0The balance current obtained after inquiring the SOC range-balance current I comparison table.
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| CN112339610A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-09 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | New energy vehicle power battery charging and discharging control system and method |
| WO2022088591A1 (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-05-05 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Method and system for estimating equilibrium state of battery pack of new energy vehicle |
| CN114578785A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-06-03 | 徐州徐工挖掘机械有限公司 | Power limit control method and system for electric engineering machinery |
| CN115483721A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-12-16 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | Battery equalization control method, battery equalization control device, and storage medium |
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