CN109884540B - Method for measuring electric quantity of lead-acid battery - Google Patents
Method for measuring electric quantity of lead-acid battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN109884540B CN109884540B CN201910205604.2A CN201910205604A CN109884540B CN 109884540 B CN109884540 B CN 109884540B CN 201910205604 A CN201910205604 A CN 201910205604A CN 109884540 B CN109884540 B CN 109884540B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the electric quantity of a lead-acid battery, which mainly comprises the following steps: (a) calculating an initial nominal charge Qc 0; (b) judging whether the battery is in a charging state or a discharging state, if so, performing the step (c), and if not, performing the step (d); (c) the method comprises the following substeps: (c1) calculating Qa1 under the charging state, and substituting K1 in the Qa1 to perform first correction; (c2) selecting at least one correction point electric quantity value Qcr, and carrying out second correction to complete measurement of the electric quantity of the lead acid battery in a charging state; (d) the method comprises the following substeps: (d1) calculating Qa2 in a discharge state, and substituting K2 in the Qa2 for first correction; (d2) and selecting at least one correction point electric quantity value Qor, and carrying out second correction to finish the measurement of the electric quantity of the lead acid battery in the discharge state. The invention improves the accuracy of the nominal electric quantity value, thereby more accurately indicating the electric quantity value of the lead-acid battery and completing the measurement of the electric quantity of the lead-acid battery in the charging and discharging states.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lead-acid battery, in particular to a method for measuring the electric quantity of the lead-acid battery.
Background
The market occupation of the electric vehicle reaches 3 hundred million, lead-acid batteries are mainly used as a main power source of the electric vehicle in the market, the electric vehicle in the current market generally has the problem that the electric quantity of the instrument is not accurately displayed, and a user does not know how much electric quantity actually exists, so that the accuracy of the measurement of the electric quantity of the battery is very important, the electric quantity of the battery of the current electric vehicle is mainly calculated by voltage, but the algorithm error is large, and meanwhile, the voltage calculation method is greatly influenced by temperature environment and battery aging factors, so that the electric quantity calculation error is increased, and improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel method for measuring the electric quantity of a lead-acid battery, aiming at the defects that the electric quantity calculation method in the prior art is greatly influenced by temperature environment and battery aging factors, so that the electric quantity calculation error is increased, and a user cannot know the actual electric quantity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a lead-acid battery electric quantity measuring method comprises the following steps:
(a) acquiring the no-load voltage of the battery, acquiring initial real electric quantity Qa0 according to a charge-discharge characteristic curve, and calculating initial nominal electric quantity Qc0, wherein the calculation formula is that Qc0 is Qa0/Qt, and Qt is the rated capacity of the battery;
(b) collecting current data, judging whether the battery is in a charging state or a discharging state, if the battery is in the charging state, performing the step (c), and if the battery is in the discharging state, performing the step (d);
(c) performing a state-of-charge measurement comprising the sub-steps of:
(c1) in the charging state, acquiring a battery charging current Ic and a charging time period Tc, starting an overcharge alarm when the charging current Ic is greater than a maximum charging current value Ic _ max, calculating the real electric quantity Qa1 in the charging state by integrating the charging current Ic and the charging time period Tc when the charging current Ic is less than or equal to the maximum charging current value Ic _ max, substituting a first correction coefficient K1 into the real electric quantity Qa1 in the charging state, performing first correction, and calculating a first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1, wherein the first correction coefficient K1 comprises a charging temperature coefficient Ka, a charging charge storage coefficient Kb and a first battery aging coefficient Kc 1;
(c2) after the first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 is measured in the step (c1), collecting the charging voltage Vc, selecting at least one correction point voltage value Vct on a charging and discharging characteristic curve and obtaining a correction point electric quantity value Qcr corresponding to the Vct, when the Vc is more than or equal to the Vct, carrying out second correction through a difference value Qerr1 between the first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 and the Qcr and calculating second charging nominal electric quantity Qc2, and measuring a corrected value of the nominal electric quantity in a charging state, namely finishing the measurement of the electric quantity of the lead acid battery in the charging state;
(d) performing a discharge state charge measurement, comprising the substeps of:
(d1) in the discharging state, acquiring a battery discharging current Iout and a discharging time period Tout, starting an over-discharge alarm when the Iout is larger than a maximum discharging current value Iout _ max, when the Iout is smaller than or equal to the maximum discharging current value Iout _ max, calculating real electric quantity Qa2 in the discharging state through integration of the discharging current Iout and the discharging time period Tout, substituting a second correction coefficient K2 in the real electric quantity Qa2 in the discharging state, performing first correction, and calculating a first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4, wherein the second correction coefficient K2 comprises a discharging temperature coefficient Kd, a discharging charge activity coefficient Ke and a second battery aging coefficient Kc 2;
(d2) and (d1) after the first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4 is measured, collecting the discharging voltage Vo, selecting at least one correction point voltage value Vot on the charging and discharging characteristic curve and obtaining a correction point electric quantity value Qor corresponding to Vot, when Vo is less than or equal to Vot, performing second correction through a difference Qerr2 between the first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4 and the Qor, calculating a second discharging nominal electric quantity Qc5, and measuring a correction value of the nominal electric quantity in a discharging state, namely, finishing the measurement of the electric quantity of the lead-acid battery in the discharging state.
Step (a) of calculating an initial nominal charge of the battery, so as to facilitate a user to estimate the initial charge of the battery, wherein the initial actual charge Qa0 is the initial actual charge of the battery, the initial nominal charge Qc0 marks the charge of the battery in percentage, and the user estimates the charge of the battery through the initial nominal charge Qc0, step (b) of determining whether the battery is in a charging state or a discharging state according to the collected battery data, wherein the battery data includes a current magnitude and a current direction, so as to facilitate a later measurement of the charge of the charging state or a later measurement of the charge of the discharging state, step (c) of measuring the charge of the battery in the charging state includes substep (c1) and substep (c2), and substep (c1) of avoiding overcharge of the battery by determining a relative magnitude of the charging current Ic and the maximum charging current Ic _ max, ensuring the safety of battery charging, substituting a first correction coefficient K1 into the real electric quantity Qa1 in a charging state to calculate a first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 after first correction, wherein the first correction coefficient K1 comprises a charging temperature coefficient Ka, a charging charge storage coefficient Kb and a first battery aging coefficient Kc1, the charging temperature coefficient Ka is used for reducing the influence of the ambient temperature and the temperature of the battery on the battery electric quantity measurement, the charging charge storage coefficient Kb is used for correcting the charging current and the loss caused by the internal factors of the battery, the first battery aging coefficient Kc1 is used for reducing the battery capacity reduction caused by the battery aging to ensure that the corresponding displayed electric quantity can not reach the error of a rated value, a sub-step (c2) is used for carrying out second correction and calculating a second charging nominal electric quantity Qc2, and the first nominal charging electric quantity Qc1 is corrected and the second electric quantity Qc1 is calculated by the difference between the correction point electric quantity Qcr corresponding to at least one correction point voltage value Vct And the secondary charging nominal electric quantity Qc2 further improves the fineness of battery electric quantity measurement, and after the battery electric quantity measurement is completed, the user obtains the lead-acid battery electric quantity in a charging state through the values of the primary charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 and the secondary charging nominal electric quantity Qc 2.
The step (d) is used for measuring the battery capacity in a discharging state, and comprises a substep (d1) and a substep (d2), wherein the substep (d1) avoids over-discharging of the battery by judging the relative magnitude of the discharging current Iout and the maximum discharging current value Iout _ max, ensures the discharging safety of the battery, and substitutes a second correction coefficient K2 into the real battery capacity Qa2 in the discharging state to calculate a first discharging nominal capacity Qc4 after first correction, wherein the second correction coefficient K2 comprises a discharging temperature coefficient Kd, a discharging charge activity coefficient Ke and a second battery aging coefficient Kc2, the discharging temperature coefficient Kd is used for reducing the influence of the ambient temperature and the temperature of the battery on the battery capacity measurement, the discharging charge activity coefficient Ke is used for correcting the loss of the discharging current and the internal cause of the battery, and the second battery aging coefficient Kc2 is used for reducing the battery capacity reduction caused by the aging of the battery, and a substep (d2) of correcting for the second time and calculating a second discharging nominal electric quantity Qc5, correcting the first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4 and calculating a second discharging nominal electric quantity Qc5 by a difference between a correction point electric quantity Qor corresponding to at least one correction point Vot and the first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4, further improving the fineness of battery electric quantity measurement, and obtaining the battery electric quantity in a discharging state by a user through values of the first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4 and the second discharging nominal electric quantity Qc5 after the battery electric quantity measurement is completed.
According to the invention, the first correction of the nominal electric quantity in the charging state and the discharging state is realized by adding the first correction coefficient K1 and the second correction coefficient K2, the influences of the temperature, the current, the battery self factor and the battery aging degree on the nominal electric quantity value are reduced, so that the nominal electric quantity can be in a stable linear relation with the battery electric quantity, the value of the electric quantity of the lead-acid battery can be accurately indicated by the nominal electric quantity, and the second correction is carried out on the nominal electric quantity by selecting the electric quantity value corresponding to at least one correction point on the charging and discharging characteristic curve, so that the accuracy of the nominal electric quantity value is further improved, the electric quantity value of the lead-acid battery is more accurately indicated, and the measurement of the electric quantity of the lead-acid battery in the charging state and the discharging state.
Preferably, in the step (c1), the battery temperature is collected, the charging temperature coefficient Ka corresponding to the battery temperature is obtained by looking up a table, the maximum value Qamax1 and the minimum value Qamin1 of the real electric quantity Qa1 in the charging state are measured, the charging charge storage coefficient Kb is calculated according to the maximum value Qamax1 and the minimum value Qamin1, a calculation formula of the charging charge storage coefficient Kb is (Qamax1-Qamin1)/Qt, the first battery aging coefficient Kc1 is obtained according to a ratio of the charging nominal electric quantity Qc3 and Qt measured at the previous time, and a calculation formula of the first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 is:
dt is the charging time Tc.
The charging temperature coefficients Ka corresponding to different environmental temperatures and battery temperatures are obtained by looking up a table, the correction effect of the charging temperature coefficients Ka to the nominal electric quantity under different environmental temperatures and battery temperatures can be ensured, the charging charge storage coefficient Kb is the ratio of the difference value between the maximum value Qamax1 and the minimum value Qamin1 to Qt, wherein the minimum value Qamin1 is 0, the maximum value Qamax1 is the maximum charging electric quantity of the battery, the battery can generate extra electric quantity loss in the charging process of the battery, the charging charge storage coefficient Kb can reduce the electric quantity measurement error caused by the electric quantity loss, the charging nominal electric quantity at the current moment can be measured at different time points in the measurement process, the first battery aging coefficient Kc1 is measured by the ratio of the charging nominal electric quantity Qc3 and Qt measured at the previous moment, the battery can age and the electric quantity can be influenced accordingly in the use process, the first battery aging coefficient Kc1 can reduce the error of battery capacity measurement caused by battery aging, the first charging nominal capacity Qc1 calculates the capacity by integrating current and time, and meanwhile, the charging temperature coefficient Ka, the charging charge storage coefficient Kb and the first battery aging coefficient Kc1 are added for calculation, so that the measurement error can be reduced.
Preferably, in the above lead-acid battery electric quantity measuring method, in the step (c2), when the correction point voltage value Vct is the highest charging voltage value Vc _ max, the corresponding correction point electric quantity is the maximum value Qamax1 of the real electric quantity in the charging state.
When the correction point electric quantity is the highest charging voltage value Vc _ max, the battery charging quantity is the maximum, and the accumulated charging quantity is the maximum value Qamax1 of the real electric quantity Qa in the charging state.
Preferably, in the step (d1), a battery temperature is collected, a corresponding discharge temperature coefficient Kd of the battery temperature is obtained through table lookup, a maximum value Qamax2 and a minimum value Qamin2 of the real electric quantity Qa2 in the discharge state are measured, the discharge charge activity coefficient Ke is calculated according to the maximum value Qamax2 and the minimum value Qamin2 of the real electric quantity in the discharge state, the calculation formula is (Qamax2-Qamin2)/Qt, the second battery aging coefficient Kc2 is obtained according to a ratio of the discharge nominal electric quantity Qc6 and Qt measured at the previous time, and the calculation formula of the first discharge nominal electric quantity Qc4 is:
dt is the discharge time period Tout.
The discharge temperature coefficient Kd corresponding to different environmental temperatures and battery temperatures is obtained by looking up a table, the correction effect of the discharge temperature coefficient Kd on the nominal electric quantity at different environmental temperatures and battery temperatures can be ensured, the discharge charge activity coefficient Ke is the ratio of the difference value between the maximum value Qamax2 and the minimum value Qamin2 to Qt, wherein the maximum value Qamax2 is the rated capacity Qt of the battery, the battery electric quantity when the minimum value Qamin2 reaches the minimum discharge voltage of the battery, the battery generates extra electric quantity loss in the discharge process of the battery, the discharge charge activity coefficient Ke can reduce the electric quantity measurement error caused by the electric quantity loss, the discharge nominal electric quantity at the current moment can be measured at different time points in the measurement process, the second battery aging coefficient Kc2 is measured by the ratio of the discharge nominal electric quantity Qc6 and the Qt measured at the previous moment, and the battery can age in the use process, the electric quantity can be influenced, the second battery aging coefficient Kc2 can reduce the error of battery electric quantity measurement caused by battery aging, the first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4 calculates the electric quantity by integrating current and time, and meanwhile, a discharging temperature coefficient Kd, a discharging charge active coefficient Ke and a second battery aging coefficient Kc2 are added to calculate, so that the measurement error can be reduced.
Preferably, in the above method for measuring the electric quantity of the lead-acid battery, in the step (d2), when the correction point voltage value Vot is the minimum discharge voltage value Vo _ min, the corresponding correction point electric quantity is the minimum value Qamin2 of the real electric quantity in a discharge state.
When the correction point electric quantity is the minimum discharge voltage value Vo _ min, the battery discharge electric quantity is the maximum, and the remaining electric quantity of the battery is the minimum value Qamin2 of the real electric quantity Qa2 in the discharge state.
Preferably, in the step (c2), 4 correction points are assumed as Vct1, Vct2, Vct3 and Vct4, and the electric quantity values of the correction points are determined as Qcr1, Qcr2, Qcr3 and Qcr4 according to the charge-discharge characteristic curve, when Vc is greater than or equal to Vct1, when Vc is greater than or equal to Vct1, Qcr 1-Qcr1, when Vc is greater than or equal to Vct2, Qerr1, Qcr 1-Qcr2, when Vc is greater than or equal to Vct3, Qerr1, qcc 1-Qcr 3, when Vc is greater than or equal to Vct4, Qerr1, qcc 1-Qcr4, and then the second nominal charging electric quantity formula is calculated as Qc2 by Qerr1, and the second nominal charging formula is calculated as second nominal electric quantity
dt is the charging time Tc, where Ki is the charge error correction factor and is obtained by table lookup.
Obtaining correction points Vct1, Vct2, Vct3 and Vct4 on the charge-discharge characteristic curve, and obtaining correction through the charge-discharge characteristic curveCorresponding electric quantity values Qcr1, Qcr2, Qcr3 and Qcr4, four difference values of the electric quantity value of the correction point and the first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 are calculated, and the four difference values are utilized
The formula (2) corrects the first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 and calculates a second charging nominal electric quantity Qc2, wherein Ki values are obtained by table lookup and have a value range of 0.8-1.
Preferably, in the step (d2), 4 correction points are defined as vout 1, vout 2, vout 3 and vt 4, and the power values at the correction points are defined as Qor1, Qor2, Qor3 and Qor4 according to the charging and discharging characteristic curve, where Vo is equal to or less than vout 1, Qerr2 is defined as Qc4 and Qor1, Vo is equal to or less than vt 2, Qerr2 is defined as Qc4 and Qor2, qovo is equal to or less than vout 3, Qerr2 is defined as Qc4-Qor 3, Vo is equal to or less than vt 4, Qerr2 is defined as Qc 4-r 4, and then the second discharging power Qc5 is calculated by Qerr2, where the calculation formula is the second nominal discharging power
dt is the discharge time period Tout, where Ki is the charge error correction factor and is obtained by looking up the table.
Taking correction points Vot1, Vot2, Vot3 and Vot4 on the charge-discharge characteristic curve, obtaining electric quantity values Qor1, Qor2, Qor3 and Qor4 corresponding to the correction points through the charge-discharge characteristic curve, calculating four difference values between the electric quantity values of the correction points and the first discharge nominal electric quantity Qc4, and utilizing a formula
And correcting the first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4 and calculating a second discharging nominal electric quantity Qc5, wherein the Ki value is obtained by table lookup and has a value range of 0.8-1.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a charge-discharge characteristic graph according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following figures 1-2 and the detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention:
example 1
A lead-acid battery electric quantity measuring method comprises the following steps:
(a) acquiring the no-load voltage of the battery, acquiring initial real electric quantity Qa0 according to a charge-discharge characteristic curve, and calculating initial nominal electric quantity Qc0, wherein the calculation formula is that Qc0 is Qa0/Qt, and Qt is the rated capacity of the battery;
(b) collecting current data, judging whether the battery is in a charging state or a discharging state, if the battery is in the charging state, performing the step (c), and if the battery is in the discharging state, performing the step (d);
(c) performing a state-of-charge measurement comprising the sub-steps of:
(c1) in the charging state, acquiring a battery charging current Ic and a charging time period Tc, starting an overcharge alarm when the charging current Ic is greater than a maximum charging current value Ic _ max, calculating the real electric quantity Qa1 in the charging state by integrating the charging current Ic and the charging time period Tc when the charging current Ic is less than or equal to the maximum charging current value Ic _ max, substituting a first correction coefficient K1 into the real electric quantity Qa1 in the charging state, performing first correction, and calculating a first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1, wherein the first correction coefficient K1 comprises a charging temperature coefficient Ka, a charging charge storage coefficient Kb and a first battery aging coefficient Kc 1;
(c2) after the first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 is measured in the step (c1), collecting the charging voltage Vc, selecting at least one correction point voltage value Vct on a charging and discharging characteristic curve and obtaining a correction point electric quantity value Qcr corresponding to the Vct, when the Vc is more than or equal to the Vct, carrying out second correction through a difference value Qerr1 between the first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 and the Qcr and calculating second charging nominal electric quantity Qc2, and measuring a corrected value of the nominal electric quantity in a charging state, namely finishing the measurement of the electric quantity of the lead acid battery in the charging state;
(d) performing a discharge state charge measurement, comprising the substeps of:
(d1) in the discharging state, acquiring a battery discharging current Iout and a discharging time period Tout, starting an over-discharge alarm when the Iout is larger than a maximum discharging current value Iout _ max, when the Iout is smaller than or equal to the maximum discharging current value Iout _ max, calculating real electric quantity Qa2 in the discharging state through integration of the discharging current Iout and the discharging time period Tout, substituting a second correction coefficient K2 in the real electric quantity Qa2 in the discharging state, performing first correction, and calculating a first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4, wherein the second correction coefficient K2 comprises a discharging temperature coefficient Kd, a discharging charge activity coefficient Ke and a second battery aging coefficient Kc 2;
(d2) and (d1) after the first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4 is measured, collecting the discharging voltage Vo, selecting at least one correction point voltage value Vot on the charging and discharging characteristic curve and obtaining a correction point electric quantity value Qor corresponding to Vot, when Vo is less than or equal to Vot, performing second correction through a difference Qerr2 between the first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4 and the Qor, calculating a second discharging nominal electric quantity Qc5, and measuring a correction value of the nominal electric quantity in a discharging state, namely, finishing the measurement of the electric quantity of the lead-acid battery in the discharging state.
Preferably, in the step (c1), the battery temperature is collected, a charging temperature coefficient Ka corresponding to the battery temperature is obtained through table lookup, a maximum value Qamax1 and a minimum value Qamin1 of the real electric quantity Qa1 in the charging state are measured, the charging charge storage coefficient Kb is calculated according to the maximum value Qamax1 and the minimum value Qamin1, a calculation formula of Kb ═ (Qamax1-Qamin1)/Qt, the first battery aging coefficient Kc1 is obtained according to a ratio of the charging nominal electric quantity Qc3 and Qt measured at the previous time, and a calculation formula of the first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 is:
kc1) × Ic dt, dt is the charging time Tc.
Preferably, in the step (c2), when the correction point voltage value Vct is the highest charging voltage value Vc _ max, the corresponding correction point electric quantity is the maximum value Qamax1 of the actual electric quantity in the charging state.
Preferably, in the step (d1), the battery temperature is collected and the correspondence between the battery temperatures is obtained by looking up a tableMeasuring a maximum value Qamax2 and a minimum value Qamin2 of the real electric quantity Qa2 in the discharging state, and calculating the discharging charge activity coefficient Ke according to the maximum value Qamax2 and the minimum value Qamin2 of the real electric quantity in the discharging state, wherein the calculation formula is (Qamax2-Qamin2)/Qt, the second battery aging coefficient Kc2 is obtained by the ratio of the discharging nominal electric quantity Qc6 and Qt measured at the previous moment, and the calculation formula of the first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4 is:
dt is the discharge time period Tout.
Preferably, in the step (d2), when the correction point voltage value Vot is the minimum discharge voltage value Vo _ min, the corresponding correction point electric quantity is the minimum value Qamin2 of the real electric quantity in the discharge state.
Preferably, in the step (c2), 4 correction points are Vct1, Vct2, Vct3 and Vct4, and the correction point electric quantity values Qcr1, Qcr2, Qcr3 and Qcr4 are determined according to the charge-discharge characteristic curve, when Vc is more than or equal to Vct1, Qerr1 is equal to Qc1-Qcr1, when Vc is more than or equal to Vct2, Qerr1 is equal to Qc1-Qcr2, when Vc is more than or equal to Vct3, Qerr1 is equal to Qc1-Qcr 3, when Vc is more than or equal to Vct4, Qerr1 is equal to Qc1-Qcr4, and then the second charging electric quantity Qc2 is calculated by Qerr1, and the nominal calculation formula is the second charging electric quantity is the nominal electric quantity
dt is the charging time Tc, where Ki is the charge error correction factor and is obtained by table lookup.
Preferably, in the step (d2), the 4 correction points are defined as Vot1, Vot2, Vot3 and Vot4, and the correction point electric quantity values are determined as Qor1, Qor2, Qor3 and Qor4 according to the charge-discharge characteristic curve, where Vo is equal to or less than Vot1, Qerr2 is equal to Qc4 and Qor1, where Vo is equal to or less than Vot2, Qerr2 is equal to Qc4 and Qor2, where Vo is equal to or less than Vot3, Qerr2 is equal to Qc4 and Qor3, where Vo is equal to or less than Vot4, Qerr2 is equal to Qc4 and Qor4, and then the second discharge nominal electric quantity Qc5 is calculated by Qerr2, where the calculation formula is the second discharge nominal electric quantity
dt is the discharge time period Tout, where Ki is the charge error correction factor and is obtained by looking up the table.
The following K1 and K2 value lookup tables are obtained through previous measurement, wherein K1 comprises a charging temperature coefficient Ka, a charging charge storage coefficient Kb and a first battery aging coefficient Kc1, and K2 comprises a discharging temperature coefficient Kd, a discharging charge active coefficient Ke and a second battery aging coefficient Kc 2.
Table 1, data in charged state:
| serial number | CT | VC | V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | Ic | Capacity | T0 | T1 | Ka | Kb | Kc1 |
| 1 | 00：00：00 | 48.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 3.000 | 10.000 | 25.0 | 26.0 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 0.95 |
| 2 | 00：00：01 | 48.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 3.000 | 10.000 | 25.0 | 26.0 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 0.95 |
| 3 | 00：00：02 | 48.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 3.000 | 10.000 | 25.0 | 26.0 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 0.95 |
Table 2, data in discharge state:
| serial number | CT | VC | V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | Iout | Capacity | T0 | T1 | Kd | Ke | Kc2 |
| 1 | 00：00：00 | 48.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 5.000 | 20.000 | 25.0 | 26.0 | 0.85 | 0.93 | 0.95 |
| 2 | 00：00：01 | 48.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 5.000 | 20.000 | 25.0 | 26.0 | 0.85 | 0.93 | 0.95 |
| 3 | 00：00：02 | 48.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 12.000 | 5.000 | 20.000 | 25.0 | 26.0 | 0.85 | 0.93 | 0.95 |
In the table, CT is acquisition time, VC is real-time battery pack voltage, V1 is single-cell voltage 1, V2 is single-cell voltage 2, V3 is single-cell voltage 3, V4 is single-cell voltage 4, Iout is discharge current, Ic is charge current, Capacity is accumulated electricity quantity, T0 is ambient temperature, T1 is battery temperature, Ka is charge temperature coefficient, Kb is charge storage coefficient, Kc1 is first battery aging coefficient, Kd is discharge temperature coefficient, Ke is discharge charge activity coefficient, and Kc2 is second battery aging coefficient.
During measurement, data acquisition is firstly carried out, the acquired data comprises battery temperature, battery voltage and battery current, then a charging temperature coefficient Ka and a discharging temperature coefficient Kd are obtained according to the acquired battery temperature, a table 1 and a table 2 are inquired, the charging temperature coefficient Ka and the discharging temperature coefficient Kd are preloaded, the no-load voltage of the battery is acquired, initial real electric quantity Qa0 is acquired according to a charging and discharging characteristic curve, initial nominal electric quantity Qc0 is calculated, a user obtains the value of the battery electric quantity in the initial state through the initial nominal electric quantity Qc0, then the battery is judged to be in the charging state or the discharging state according to the size and the direction of the acquired battery current, whether the battery is overcharged or not is judged firstly in the charging state, if overcharged, overcharge alarm is carried out, the charging safety of the battery is ensured, and if not overcharged, the acquired battery charging current Ic, the charging duration Tc and the charging temperature coefficient Ka are acquired, Substituting charge storage coefficient Kb and first battery aging coefficient Kc1
In the process of charging the battery, the value of a charging voltage Vc is continuously changed, and in order to carry out second correction on the nominal electric quantity, in the process of charging the battery, correction point voltage values Vct1, Vct2, Vct3 and Vct4 are taken on a charging and discharging characteristic curve, corresponding correction point electric quantity values Qcr1, Qcr2, Qcr3 and Qcr4 are obtained, and integral correction point voltage values of 2, 3, 5, 6 and the like can be taken to realize multiple corrections, and when the charging voltage Vc is more than or equal to Vct1, the third correction point voltage value Qc1 is obtained by calculationAn error value Qerr1 is generated between a charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 and a correction point electric quantity value Qcr1, the charging voltage Vc takes different values, and after the difference value is compared with the correction point voltage value, a plurality of error values Qerr1 are obtained, and the second charging nominal electric quantity Qc2 is the first charging nominal electric quantity
And correcting the nominal electric quantity for the second time to obtain a value of a second charging nominal electric quantity Qc2, wherein the value range of the Ki value is 0.8-1, and in the electric quantity measuring process, the Ki value is directly preloaded into the calculation program, so that a user can more accurately calculate the real electric quantity value through the nominal electric quantity value to finish the second correction of the nominal electric quantity, thereby completing the measurement of the electric quantity of the lead-acid battery in a charging state.
In the discharging state, firstly judging whether the battery is over-discharged or not, if so, giving an over-discharge alarm to ensure the discharging safety of the battery, and if not, substituting the collected battery discharging current Iout, the discharging time Tout, the discharging temperature coefficient Kd, the discharging charge activity coefficient Ke and the second battery aging coefficient Kc2 into
In the process of discharging the battery, the value of the discharge voltage Vo is constantly changed, in order to perform second correction on the nominal electric quantity, in the process of discharging the battery, correction point voltage values Vot1, Vot2, Vot3 and Vot4 are taken from a charging and discharging characteristic curve, corresponding correction point electric quantity values Qor1, Qor2, Qor3 and Qor4 are taken, an integer number of correction point voltage values such as 2, 3, 5 and 6 are also taken to realize multiple corrections, an error value Qerr2 is generated when the discharge voltage Vo is less than or equal to Vot1, the first discharge nominal electric quantity Qc4 and the correction point electric quantity values Qor1, the charge voltage Vc takes different values and is compared with the correction point voltage values to obtain a plurality of error values Qerr2, and the first discharge nominal electric quantity Qc5 is the second discharge nominal electric quantity
Mark alignmentAnd correcting the nominal electric quantity for the second time to obtain a value of a second discharge nominal electric quantity Qc5, wherein the value range of the Ki value is 0.8-1, and in the electric quantity measurement process, the Ki value is directly preloaded into a calculation program, so that a user can more accurately calculate the real electric quantity value through the nominal electric quantity value in order to finish the second correction of the nominal electric quantity, thereby completing the measurement of the electric quantity of the lead-acid battery in a discharge state.
The charging and discharging characteristic curve loaded in the measuring process is shown in figure 2, the charging electric quantity value at the corresponding moment is obtained through the charging voltage value, and the discharging electric quantity value at the corresponding moment is obtained through the discharging voltage value.
In summary, the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring the electric quantity of a lead-acid battery is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(a) acquiring the no-load voltage of the battery, acquiring initial real electric quantity Qa0 according to a charge-discharge characteristic curve, and calculating initial nominal electric quantity Qc0, wherein the calculation formula is Qc0= Qa0/Qt, and Qt is the rated capacity of the battery;
(b) collecting current data, judging whether the battery is in a charging state or a discharging state, if the battery is in the charging state, performing the step (c), and if the battery is in the discharging state, performing the step (d);
(c) performing a state-of-charge measurement comprising the sub-steps of:
(c1) in the charging state, acquiring a battery charging current Ic and a charging time period Tc, starting an overcharge alarm when the charging current Ic is greater than a maximum charging current value Ic _ max, when the charging current Ic is less than or equal to the maximum charging current value Ic _ max, calculating the real electric quantity Qa1 in the charging state by integrating the charging current Ic and the charging time period Tc, substituting a first correction coefficient K1 into the real electric quantity Qa1 in the charging state, performing first correction, and calculating a first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1, wherein the first correction coefficient K1 comprises a charging temperature coefficient Ka, a charging charge storage coefficient Kb, and a first electric quantityThe cell aging coefficient Kc 1; acquiring the battery temperature, obtaining a charging temperature coefficient Ka corresponding to the battery temperature by looking up a table, measuring a maximum value Qamax1 and a minimum value Qamin1 of the real electric quantity Qa1 in the charging state, calculating a charging charge storage coefficient Kb according to the maximum value Qamax1 and the minimum value Qamin1, wherein a calculation formula is Kb = (Qamax1-Qamin1)/Qt, obtaining a first battery aging coefficient Kc1 according to a ratio of charging nominal electric quantity Qc3 and Qt measured at the previous moment, and a calculation formula of the first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 is as follows: qc1=
；
(c2) After the first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 is measured in the step (c1), collecting the charging voltage Vc, selecting at least one correction point voltage value Vct on a charging and discharging characteristic curve and obtaining a correction point electric quantity value Qcr corresponding to the Vct, when the Vc is more than or equal to the Vct, carrying out second correction through a difference value Qerr1 between the first charging nominal electric quantity Qc1 and the Qcr and calculating second charging nominal electric quantity Qc2, and measuring a corrected value of the nominal electric quantity in a charging state, namely finishing the measurement of the electric quantity of the lead acid battery in the charging state; when the voltage value Vct of the correction point is the highest charging voltage value Vc _ max, the corresponding electric quantity of the correction point is the maximum value Qamax1 of the real electric quantity in the charging state; taking 4 correction points as Vct1, Vct2, Vct3 and Vct4, determining the electric quantity values of the correction points as Qcr1, Qcr2, Qcr3 and Qcr4 according to the charge-discharge characteristic curve, determining that when the Vc is more than or equal to the Vct1, the Qerr1= Qc1-Qcr1, when the Vc is more than or equal to the Vct2, the Qerr1= Qc1-Qcr2, when the Vc is more than or equal to the Vct3, the Qerr1= Qc1-Qcr 3, when the Vc is more than or equal to the Vct4, the Qerr1= Qc1-Qcr4, and then calculating a second charging nominal electric quantity of electricity Qc2 by the Qerr1, wherein the calculation formula is the second nominal charging electric quantity of electricity Qc2=
+
Wherein Ki is an electric quantity error correction coefficient and is obtained by looking up a table;
(d) performing a discharge state charge measurement, comprising the substeps of:
(d1) in the discharging state, acquiring a battery discharging current Iout and a discharging time period Tout, starting an over-discharge alarm when the Iout is larger than a maximum discharging current value Iout _ max, when the Iout is smaller than or equal to the maximum discharging current value Iout _ max, calculating real electric quantity Qa2 in the discharging state through integration of the discharging current Iout and the discharging time period Tout, substituting a second correction coefficient K2 in the real electric quantity Qa2 in the discharging state, performing first correction, and calculating a first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4, wherein the second correction coefficient K2 comprises a discharging temperature coefficient Kd, a discharging charge activity coefficient Ke and a second battery aging coefficient Kc 2; acquiring the battery temperature, obtaining a corresponding discharge temperature coefficient Kd of the battery temperature through table lookup, measuring a maximum value Qamax2 and a minimum value Qamin2 of the real electric quantity Qa2 in the discharge state, calculating a discharge charge activity coefficient Ke according to the maximum value Qamax2 and the minimum value Qamin2 of the real electric quantity in the discharge state, wherein the calculation formula is Ke = (Qamax2-Qamin2)/Qt, obtaining a second battery aging coefficient Kc2 according to the ratio of the discharge nominal electric quantity Qc6 and the Qt measured at the previous moment, and the calculation formula of the first discharge nominal electric quantity Qc4 is as follows: qc4=
；
(d2) After the first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4 is measured in the step (d1), collecting the discharging voltage Vo, selecting at least one correction point voltage value Vot on the charging and discharging characteristic curve and obtaining a correction point electric quantity value Qor corresponding to Vot, when Vo is less than or equal to Vot, performing second correction through a difference value Qerr2 between the first discharging nominal electric quantity Qc4 and the Qor and calculating a second discharging nominal electric quantity Qc5, and measuring a correction value of the nominal electric quantity in a discharging state, namely finishing the measurement of the electric quantity of the lead-acid battery in the discharging state; when the voltage value Vot of the correction point is the minimum discharge voltage value Vo _ min, the corresponding electric quantity of the correction point is the minimum value Qamin2 of the real electric quantity in a discharge state; taking 4 correction points of Vot1, Vot2, Vot3 and Vot4, determining the electric quantity values of the correction points of Qor1, Qor2, Qor3 and Qor4 according to the charge-discharge characteristic curve, and when Vo is less than or equal to Vot1, Qerr2= Qc4-Qor1, when Vo is less than or equal to Vot2, Qerr2= Qc4-Qor2, when Vo is less than or equal to Vot3, Qerr2= Qc4-Qor 3, when Vo is less than or equal to Vot4, Qerr2= Qc4-Qor4, and then calculating a second discharging nominal electric quantity Qc5 through Qerr2, wherein the calculation formula is that the second discharging nominal electric quantity Qc5=
+
And Ki is an electric quantity error correction coefficient and is obtained by looking up a table.
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Denomination of invention: A method for measuring the charge of lead-acid batteries Granted publication date: 20201229 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited by Share Ltd. Development Zone Jinhua subbranch Pledgor: ZHEJIANG LUYUAN ELECTRIC VEHICLE Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980010933 |