CN112083343A - Method for acquiring residual energy of battery - Google Patents
Method for acquiring residual energy of battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112083343A CN112083343A CN201910506856.9A CN201910506856A CN112083343A CN 112083343 A CN112083343 A CN 112083343A CN 201910506856 A CN201910506856 A CN 201910506856A CN 112083343 A CN112083343 A CN 112083343A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a method for calculating the residual energy of a battery, which comprises the following steps: acquiring corresponding relations between average power, battery state of charge and output energy at different temperatures; acquiring the average output power of the battery pack in a past period of time, and recording the average output power as first output power; acquiring the average output power of the single battery in a future period of time through the average output power in the past period of time, recording the average output power as second output power, and taking the second output power as the average power; acquiring the charge state and temperature of a single battery; acquiring residual energy of the single battery through corresponding relations of average power, battery charge state and output energy at different temperatures; and acquiring the residual energy of the battery pack through the residual energy of the single battery. The average power of the single battery in a future period is predicted through the average power of the battery pack of the vehicle in a past period, and the residual available energy of the battery pack is accurately calculated, so that the vehicle can safely run in the future period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric automobile charging, in particular to a method for acquiring residual energy of a battery.
Background
The power battery pack is used as a core part of a new energy automobile and widely applied to the field of electric automobiles. The use performance of the power battery pack directly determines a plurality of key performances of the electric automobile, such as driving performance, service life, safety, economy and the like. An excellent Battery Management System (BMS) can greatly optimize the use of a power battery pack. The remaining energy of the electric automobile and the mileage of the electric automobile can be considered, which is a core problem concerned by manufacturers and users of the electric automobiles. Therefore, accurately estimating the remaining available energy of the battery pack is a core function of the battery management system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for acquiring the residual energy of a battery, which can accurately acquire the residual available energy of the battery so as to enable a vehicle to normally run.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for obtaining remaining energy of a battery, including:
acquiring corresponding relations between average power, battery state of charge and output energy at different temperatures;
acquiring the average output power of the battery pack in a past period of time, and recording the average output power as first output power;
acquiring the average output power of the single battery in a future period of time through the average output power in the past period of time, and recording the average output power as the average power;
acquiring the charge state and temperature of a single battery;
acquiring residual energy of the single battery through corresponding relations of average power, battery charge state and output energy at different temperatures;
and acquiring the residual energy of the battery pack through the residual energy of the single battery.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining energy of the battery, the method for acquiring the first output power includes:
wherein, Ppack is the average output power of the battery pack, Upack is the output voltage of the battery pack, i is the output current of the battery pack, and T is the time period for obtaining the average power.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining energy of the battery, the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in parallel.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining energy of the battery, the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining energy of the battery, the method for obtaining the average power includes:
wherein, P is the average power of the single batteries, N is the number of the single batteries, and Ppack is the average output power of the battery pack.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining energy of the battery, acquiring the state of charge of the battery includes: and acquiring the initial battery charge state and the cut-off battery charge state of the discharge of the single battery.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining energy of the battery, the method for obtaining the state of charge of the cut-off battery includes:
acquiring initial battery charge states of a plurality of single batteries, and comparing to obtain the minimum battery charge of the single batteries;
the cutoff battery state of charge for each cell is obtained by the initial battery state of charge and the minimum battery state of charge.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining energy of the battery, the method for obtaining the cut-off state of charge of the single battery by using the initial state of charge and the minimum state of charge of the battery includes:
SOCfinal＝SOCstart-SOCmin
therein, SOCstartIs the initial battery state of charge, SOC, of the single batteryfinalIs the cut-off battery state of charge, SOC, of the single batteryminThe minimum state of charge of the single battery.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining energy of the battery, the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the output energy under different average powers is as follows:
wherein: e is output energy, and P is the average power of the single battery; OCV is the open circuit voltage of the unit cell; r is the ohm internal resistance, SOC of the single batterystartIs the initial battery state of charge, SOC, of the single batteryfinalThe cut-off state of charge of the cell, and CAP is the capacity of the cell.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining energy of the battery, three-dimensional graphs of average power, battery state of charge and output energy at different temperatures are established, and the method for obtaining the remaining energy of the single battery through the three-dimensional graphs of average power, battery state of charge and output energy includes:
establishing a three-dimensional graph of the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy according to the corresponding relation of the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures;
searching a first output energy with the battery charge state being the initial battery charge state of the single battery and an average energy with the battery charge state being the cut-off battery charge state of the single battery on the three-dimensional graph;
and subtracting the average energy from the first output energy to obtain the residual energy of the single battery.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining energy of the battery, the method for acquiring the remaining energy of the battery pack through the remaining energy of the single battery includes: all the cell remaining energy is added up.
In the method for acquiring the battery residual energy, the average power of the single battery in a future period is predicted according to the average power (running condition) of the battery pack of the vehicle in the past period, and the residual available energy of the battery pack is accurately calculated, so that the vehicle can run safely in the future period.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for calculating remaining battery energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in more detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to the schematic drawings. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and claims. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
The inventor finds that the electric automobile generates energy loss in the using process, and the amount of the energy loss is related to the actual running condition of the electric automobile. Therefore, the estimation result of the remaining available energy of the battery pack in practical application needs to be established on the basis of the prediction of the future operating condition. Meanwhile, due to the strong time-varying and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the power battery, the output current and the output voltage of the power battery in a period of time in the future are difficult to directly calculate. The equivalent circuit model can be used for carrying out equivalent or approximate on the dynamic characteristics of the power battery by building a circuit model formed by electric elements. Meanwhile, the average output power of the battery pack in a past period can also be used as a prediction of the output power of the battery pack in a future period. Based on the equivalent circuit model and the average power of the working condition, the solution of the output current and the output voltage of the power battery in the future can be realized, and the purpose of estimating the residual available energy of the battery pack is finally achieved.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for calculating a remaining energy of a battery, including:
s11: acquiring corresponding relations between average power, battery state of charge and output energy at different temperatures;
s12: acquiring the average output power of the battery pack in a past period of time, and recording the average output power as first output power;
s13: acquiring the average output power of the single battery in a future period of time through the average output power in the past period of time, and recording the average output power as the average power;
s14: acquiring the charge state and temperature of a single battery;
s15: calculating the residual energy of the single battery according to the corresponding relation of the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures;
s16: and calculating the residual energy of the battery pack through the residual energy of the single batteries.
Before the residual energy of the battery pack is actually calculated, the corresponding relation between the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures can be obtained through a plurality of times of experimental data. And calculating the actual remaining available energy of the battery pack according to the average output power, the battery charge state, the temperature and the output energy of the battery pack in the past period of time.
In this embodiment, the method for obtaining the first output power includes:
wherein, Ppack is the average output power of the battery pack, Upack is the output voltage of the battery pack, i is the output current of the battery pack, and T is the time period for obtaining the average power. Upack and i can be measured by a function table, and T can be set for a period of time by a user, so that the average output power of the vehicle in the past period of time, namely the first output power, can be calculated.
In this embodiment, the battery pack may be formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in parallel, may be formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series, and may be formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in parallel and in series.
In this embodiment, the method for obtaining the average power includes:
wherein, P is the average power of the single batteries, N is the number of the single batteries, and Ppack is the average output power of the battery pack. The battery pack may be formed by connecting a plurality of battery packs in series or in parallel, if the battery packs are connected in parallel, the voltages among the single batteries are the same, the currents are different, if the battery packs are connected in series, the currents are the same, the voltages are different, and therefore, the sum of the powers of the N single batteries is the power of the battery pack.
In this embodiment, obtaining the state of charge of the battery includes: the method for acquiring the initial battery charge state and the cut-off battery charge state of the single battery discharge comprises the following steps: the battery management system obtains the initial battery charge states of a plurality of single batteries, and obtains the minimum battery charge state of the single batteries through comparison; and calculating the charge state of the cut-off battery of the single battery according to the charge state of the initial battery and the charge state of the single minimum battery. The initial battery state of charge in the present invention is derived from the battery state of charge estimation result obtained by the battery state of charge estimation module in the battery management system. The initial battery state of charge may be estimated by the battery management system and obtained without calculation, and is of a known value.
Specifically, the cut-off battery state of charge of the single battery is calculated by the following formula:
SOCfinal＝SOCstart-SOCmin
therein, SOCstartIs the initial battery state of charge, SOC, of the single batteryfinalIs the cut-off battery state of charge, SOC, of the single batteryminThe minimum state of charge of the single battery. The start battery state of charge and the end battery state of charge here refer to the start battery state of charge at the start of discharge and the end battery state of charge at the end of discharge in the remaining available energy estimation process. Considering the charge state difference of the single batteries in the battery pack, the charge state of the initial battery at which each single battery starts to discharge is different from the charge state of the ending battery at which each single battery finishes to discharge. The current of each single battery in the series battery pack is consistent and neglects the capacityThe charge state changes of all the single batteries are consistent under the influence of the quantity difference. When any single battery in the battery pack reaches the lower cut-off voltage, the discharge ending time of the battery pack is the SOCminThe cell of (1) is discharged to the state of charge of 0 and the cut-off cell state of charge of the other cells is SOCstart,kMinus SOCmin。
In this embodiment, at different temperatures, the corresponding relationship between the average power, the battery state of charge, and the output energy is as follows:
wherein: e is output energy, and P is the average power of the single battery; OCV is the open circuit voltage of the unit cell; r is the ohm internal resistance, SOC of the single batterystartIs the initial battery state of charge, SOC, of the single batteryfinalThe cut-off state of charge of the cell, and CAP is the capacity of the cell. The specific calculation method for obtaining the corresponding relation between the battery state of charge and the output energy under different average powers comprises the following steps of firstly, calculating the relation between the output voltage and the current of the single battery by the following formula:
Ut＝OCV-iR (1)
wherein, UtIs the terminal voltage of the cell; OCV is the open circuit voltage of the unit cell; and R is the ohmic internal resistance of the single battery. The terminal voltage of the unit cell is obtained by subtracting the product of the internal resistance of the unit cell and the current flowing through the unit cell from the open circuit voltage of the unit cell. Assume that the cell is discharged from an initial battery state of charge to a cutoff battery state of charge at a constant temperature and power P for a future period of time.
Secondly, calculating the relationship between the output power of the single battery and the current and voltage by the following formula
P＝-i2R+iOCV (2)
Wherein, P is the average power of the single battery; OCV is the open circuit voltage of the unit cell; and R is the ohmic internal resistance of the single battery.
And step three, calculating the output current obtained from the formula (2) in the step two as follows:
wherein, P is the average power of the single battery; OCV is the open circuit voltage of the unit cell; r is the ohm internal resistance of the single battery, and i is the output current. The obtained output current has two values, and the smaller value is selected. Through calculation, the number of the output current i is two, and in the next calculation, the value used by the output current i is the smaller of the two values.
Thirdly, in the prior art, the output energy of the single battery is calculated by the following formula:
Thus, the final calculation results in
Wherein, tstartTo the starting time of the discharge, tfinalFor the discharge cutoff time, E is the output energy of the cell, CAP is the capacity of the cell, UtIs the terminal voltage of the unit cell. Substituting the formula (1) and the formula (3) into the formula (4) to obtain
In this embodiment, the method for calculating the residual energy of the single battery by establishing three-dimensional graphs of average power, battery state of charge and output energy at different temperatures includes: establishing a three-dimensional Map of the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy according to the corresponding relation of the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures; searching a first output energy with the battery charge state being the initial battery charge state of the single battery and an average energy with the battery charge state being the cut-off battery charge state of the single battery on the three-dimensional Map; and subtracting the average energy from the first output energy to obtain the residual energy of the single battery. By using the method, the first output energy and the average energy of each single battery can be inquired, so that the remaining available energy of each single battery can be calculated. The calculation efficiency of the residual available energy of the single battery can be improved by establishing a three-dimensional Map of the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures.
In this embodiment, the method for acquiring remaining energy of the battery pack includes: all the cell remaining energy is added up. The battery pack can be formed by connecting a plurality of battery packs in series or in parallel, if the battery packs are connected in parallel, the voltages among the single batteries are the same, the currents are different, if the battery packs are connected in series, the currents are the same, the voltages are different, and the residual available energy of the battery packs is the sum of the residual available energy of the plurality of single batteries.
In summary, in the method for obtaining the remaining energy of the battery provided by the embodiment of the invention, the average power of the battery pack of the vehicle in a past period (driving condition) is predicted to be the average power of the single battery in a future period, and the remaining available energy of the battery pack is accurately calculated, so that the vehicle can safely drive in the future period.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A method for obtaining the residual energy of a battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring corresponding relations between average power, battery state of charge and output energy at different temperatures;
acquiring the average output power of the battery pack in a past period of time, and recording the average output power as first output power;
acquiring the average output power of the single battery in a future period of time through the average output power in the past period of time, recording the average output power as second output power, and taking the second output power as the average power;
acquiring the charge state and temperature of a single battery;
acquiring residual energy of the single battery through corresponding relations of average power, battery charge state and output energy at different temperatures;
and acquiring the residual energy of the battery pack through the residual energy of the single battery.
2. The method for acquiring remaining energy of a battery according to claim 1, wherein the method for acquiring the first output power comprises:
wherein, Ppack is the average output power of the battery pack, Upack is the output voltage of the battery pack, i is the output current of the battery pack, and T is the time period for obtaining the average power.
3. The method for acquiring the remaining energy of the battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack is composed of a plurality of unit batteries connected in parallel.
4. The method for acquiring the remaining energy of the battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack is composed of a plurality of unit batteries connected in series.
5. The method for acquiring the remaining energy of the battery according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the method for acquiring the average power comprises:
wherein, P is the average power of the single batteries, N is the number of the single batteries, and Ppack is the average output power of the battery pack.
6. The method for acquiring remaining energy of a battery according to claim 5, wherein acquiring the state of charge of the battery comprises: and acquiring the initial battery charge state and the cut-off battery charge state of the discharge of the single battery.
7. The method for acquiring remaining energy of a battery according to claim 6, wherein the method for acquiring a cut-off state of charge of a battery comprises:
acquiring initial battery charge states of a plurality of single batteries, and comparing to obtain the minimum battery charge of the single batteries;
the cutoff battery state of charge for each cell is obtained by the initial battery state of charge and the minimum battery state of charge.
8. The method for obtaining battery residual energy according to claim 7, wherein the method for obtaining the cut-off battery state of charge of the unit battery by the initial battery state of charge and the minimum battery state of charge comprises:
SOCfinal＝SOCstart-SOCmin
therein, SOCstartIs the initial battery state of charge, SOC, of the single batteryfinalIs the cut-off battery state of charge, SOC, of the single batteryminThe minimum state of charge of the single battery.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the battery state of charge at different average powers corresponds to the output energy as follows:
wherein: e is an outputEnergy, P is the average power of the single battery; OCV is the open circuit voltage of the unit cell; r is the ohm internal resistance, SOC of the single batterystartIs the initial battery state of charge, SOC, of the single batteryfinalThe cut-off state of charge of the cell, and CAP is the capacity of the cell.
10. The method for obtaining the remaining energy of the battery according to claim 9, wherein three-dimensional graphs of the average power, the state of charge of the battery and the output energy at different temperatures are established, and the method for obtaining the remaining energy of the single battery through the three-dimensional graphs of the average power, the state of charge of the battery and the output energy comprises the following steps:
establishing a three-dimensional graph of the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy according to the corresponding relation of the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures;
searching a first output energy with the battery charge state being the initial battery charge state of the single battery and an average energy with the battery charge state being the cut-off battery charge state of the single battery on the three-dimensional graph;
and subtracting the average energy from the first output energy to obtain the residual energy of the single battery.
11. The method for acquiring remaining energy of a battery according to claim 10, wherein the method for acquiring remaining energy of a battery pack from remaining energy of a unit battery comprises: all the cell remaining energy is added up.
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