CN103250534B - Silybum marianum high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a silybum marianum high-yield cultivation method. The silybum marianum high-yield cultivation method comprises the steps of selecting seeds, treating the seeds with carbendazim, preparing large ridge soil fields, conducting sowing in a large-ridge mutually-staggered thin mode, pinching the tops to promote branches, harvesting seed balls, conducting threshing and the like. The silybum marianum high-yield cultivation method has the advantages that a new modern agricultural technology of 'silybum marianum cultivation management of large ridge mutually-staggered thin-sowing top-pinching branch-quick promotion' is used. In the early stage of silybum marianum growth, strong seedlings can be promoted to grow, vegetative mass which has deep roots and luxuriant leaves and is strong is built, and a good basis is laid for producing a large biological yield. In the middle stage of the silybum marianum growth, through the technical measure of top-pinching, top growth advantages of silybum marianum are weakened, growth advantages of side branches are promoted, branches are promoted to grow fast and more, so that the area of photosynthetic leaves can be increased, a large amount of photosynthetic products are accumulated, a large amount of effective cones are formed in the late growth and development stage of the silybum marianum, and the purpose of high quality and high yield are achieved. Meanwhile, due to the fact space is large in the large ridge thin sowing, convenience is brought for cone harvest.

Description

A kind of cultural method of silybum marianum high-yield

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of silybum marianum high-yield.

Background technology

Milk thistle system composite family Compositae draft medicinal plant, formal name used at school Silyum marianum (L.) Gaerth. calls: water flies pheasant, mouse strangles.Milk thistle is annual herb plant, and the system of taproot, the lower portion of the stem are single, and middle and upper part branch has apical growth advantage; Single leaf alternate, leaf margin tool stings firmly, bud in axil, can form branch; Capitulum, top is raw, is limited colored characteristic, the how hard spine of involucre; Fruit achene.Seedling stage is low temperature resistant, and growth period is drought-resistant, strong adaptability.The source dried rhizome of rehmannia is Mediterranean, India and Pakistani Kashmir mountain area, and China was introduced in 1972 by Germany.Because milk thistle seed extracts silymarin (Silymarin), silydianin (Silyanin) through processing; have and improve liver function, protect hepatocellular effect; for protecting the liver medicinal plant, being used for the treatment of the hepatopathy such as acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis has special curative effect.In addition, the effect of " five anti-fall " is also had.I.e. emptying, the antitumor and effect for reducing blood fat of anti-oxidizing activities, anti peroxidation of lipid, lipotropism oxygenase, anti-" GSH ".Expand as oil plant, feed, nectar source in recent years, viewed and admired and the application of the aspect such as health care of food.Again because milk thistle is a kind of multi-functional, multiduty plant, and peasant planting sees benefit then, just can see income unlike other medicinal material of plantation 3-4, even 5-6.Current milk thistle market demand amount is large, and price is had an optimistic view of, and peasant is ready to plant, and plantation milk thistle is the new way that vast farmers is got rich.Current plantation milk thistle adopts the planting technology of " micro-ridge heavy seeding ", result be branch few, yield poorly, of poor quality.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is the deficiency in order to overcome prior art and the cultural method that the silybum marianum high-yield urging branch is soon pinched off young shoots in the mutual wrong light seeding of a big ridge sowing is provided.

The technical scheme provided for achieving the above object is:

A cultural method for silybum marianum high-yield, comprises the following steps:

A, seed selection;

B, Seed Treatment;

C, large ridge be wholely: adopt row spacing 70-80 ㎝, plough dark 20-25 ㎝, repeatedly harrows and carefully rake;

D, the large mutual wrong light seeding in ridge: spacing in the rows 40-50 ㎝, every cave 3-4 grain seed, every ridge duplicate rows, seedling strain is mutually staggered and is planted;

E, short branch of pinching off young shoots: in the mid-term of milk thistle growth, by the technical measures of pinching off young shoots, pinch off young shoots, go its apical growth advantage, its side axillalry bud advantage short, promotes fast branch, multi-branched, to increase photosynthetic leaf area, accumulates a large amount of photosynthates;

F, fruit ball threshing of gathering.

The seed choosing method that described seed selection combines with " colour-selection technique " and " physics and chemistry method ", selects full greatly, the black seed rate of grain and maturity to reach more than 85%, the elite seed that containing silymarin content is high.

Described Seed Treatment refers to carbendazim, ambam or carries out sterilization processing with bactericide to seed, described special bactericide of planting is with Changbai Mountain medicinal plant kuh-seng, shaggy-fruited dittany herb plant totally 500 g, add water 1500 g, endure 2 hours to obtain stoste, every 500 g stostes add quick lime 250 g, dilute with water 5000 g, soak seed 8 hours.

According to Germicidal efficacy, the biological yield of milk thistle, in close relations between economic flow rate and economic coefficient three.Under normal operation, economic coefficient is metastable, and thus biological yield height economic flow rate is also high.So improving biological yield is the basis obtaining high yield and high quality.From the order that milk thistle biological characteristics and economic flow rate are formed, at vegetative growth phase in early stage, photosynthate major part is used for the formation of branch trophosome, in order to be formed later, milk thistle is real to lay the foundation, after proceeding to reproductive growth (bloom, result, product seed), photosynthate is used for reproductive organs (son is real), namely forms economic flow rate.According to this rule, namely the present inventor pinches off young shoots for a long time milk thistle trophosome (stem, leaf) is prosperous, goes its apical growth advantage, and its side axillalry bud advantage short, forms multi-branched.The strain had forms 40-50 branch, and branch at most cone is many, and cone at most seed is many, and output is high.Again due to mutual wrong light seeding technology, facilitate an early strong sprout in the growth of milk thistle in early stage, set up the trophosome of well established and vigorously developing stalwartness, lay a solid foundation for manufacturing a large amount of biological yields, growing mid-term, by promotion multi-branched of pinching off young shoots, increase leaf area, improve net accumulation ratio, to accumulate large amount of organic matter, form effective cone of sufficient amount.Therefore, the economic flow rate of milk thistle area, determines the strain number in unit are, effective cone number of every strain, and the examples explain of average every cone and mass of 1000 kernel four factors are formed.

That is: output= every mu of branch amount × effectively cone number × every cone examples explain × mass of 1000 kernel

1000×1000

From above formula, in unit are, effective branch amount the more, and the more, the more, mass of 1000 kernel is heavier for average every strain fruit seed for effective cone number, and the product of four is just larger, and output is just higher.

Feature of the present invention is by using " the mutual wrong light seeding in large ridge is pinched off young shoots and urged branch milk thistle cultivation management soon " modern agriculture new technology, be milk thistle growth in earlier stage, can promote early to send out strong sprout, set up the trophosome of well established and vigorously developing stalwartness, laying a solid foundation for manufacturing a large amount of biological yields; In the mid-term of milk thistle growth, by the technical measures of pinching off young shoots, weaken its apical growth advantage, promote collateral generation advantage, promote fast branch, multi-branched, to increase photosynthetic leaf area, accumulate a large amount of photosynthates, to such an extent as to milk thistle grows, the later stage forms mass efficient cone number, reaches the object of good quality and high output.Meanwhile, because space in large ridge light seeding row is large, bring conveniently to plucking cone.

The present invention surveys to produce through experimental investigation and analyzes, and result is as follows:

The mutual wrong light seeding in large ridge is pinched off young shoots and control treatment application form

Survey according to survey data and produce

The light seeding of large ridge is pinched off young shoots every per mu yield:

Grain weight= 31.5=0.0315 g

1000

=0.0315 g × 735=23.153 g are produced in strain

Per mu yield= 23.153g × 9000 strains=208.38 ㎏

1000g/㎏

(contrast) is not pinched off young shoots in micro-ridge heavy seeding:

Grain weight= 30.5=0.0305 g

1000

Strain product=0.0305g × 588=17.934g

Per mu yield= 17.934g × 9000 strains=161.4 ㎏

1000

Volume increase=208.38-161.4=46.98 ㎏

As from the foregoing, the mutual wrong light seeding in large ridge is pinched off young shoots and is increased production 46.98 ㎏ than contrast technology, and black seed rate (maturity) reaches more than 80%.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is spacing in the rows and the row spacing schematic diagram of the mutual wrong light seeding in the large ridge of cultural method of the present invention.

Detailed description of the invention

A cultural method for silybum marianum high-yield, comprises the following steps:

A, seed selection: the seed choosing method combined with " colour-selection technique " and " physics and chemistry method ", " colour-selection technique " is exactly the elite seed selecting full greatly, the black seed rate (maturity) of grain to reach more than 85%, namely focuses on the ratio of black seed rate; " physics and chemistry method " be exactly see seed active ingredient number, namely containing silymarin number, select by chemical examination the seed that silymarin content is high.Meanwhile, require seed without disease and pest, without breakage, without mildew seed, purity rubric reaches 90-95%, percentage of seedgermination and germinating energy and reaches 90-95%.

B, Seed Treatment: because milk thistle main diseases and insect pests has seedling sudden fall ill, damping-off; There are leaf spot, southern blight mid-term; There is soft rot etc. in later stage, and these germs are fungoid, hides on the surface of seed more.Before sowing, reply seed carries out Dressing, kills the fungi of the surface of the seed.Sterilization pesticide is selected to require low toxicity, wide spectrum, efficient, noresidue.According to disease characteristic, filter out following bactericide:

(1) carbendazim (benzimidazole).This medicine is brown powder or green flour.Water insoluble.There is interior suction virus killing effect, half-and-half know that microbial plant disease has good prevention effect.Low to people, animal toxicity.Processing formulation is 50% wettable powder, can be used for seed dressing, range of application 50% wettable powder 500 times.

(2) ambam.This medicine is the brown or faint yellow aqueous solution, has ammonia (NH3) taste, and containing free ammonia 0.1-0.3%, penetration and sterilizing power by force, to people, animal low toxicity, can be used for seed soaking.Processing formulation 50% aqueous solution, range of application: 50% ambam solution 250 times.

(3) bactericide.For autonomous innovation of the present invention, gather materials on the spot, with Changbai Mountain medicinal plant kuh-seng, shaggy-fruited dittany herb plant (root, stem, leaf etc.) 500 g, add water 1500 g, endures 2 hours, and every 500 g stostes add quick lime (CaO) 250 g, dilute with water 5000 g, soak seed 8 hours, sterilizing rate can reach 60-80%.

C, large ridge be wholely: adopt row spacing 70-80 ㎝, plough dark 20-25 ㎝, and repeatedly harrowing carefully rakes repeatedly harrows and carefully rake, every mu of ground organic fertilizer (base manure) 2000-3000 ㎏.For preventing soil from having pesticide residue, want spraying pesticide how amine when doing ridge, how amine is watered 300-400 ㎏ to 1 ㎏, to remove soil Pesticide Residue;

D, the large mutual wrong light seeding in ridge: spacing in the rows 40-50 ㎝, every cave 3-4 grain seed, every ridge duplicate rows, seedling strain is staggered plant (cripple's seedling) mutually; As shown in Figure 1, row spacing wherein: 80 ㎝, spacing in the rows: 40 ㎝;

E, short branch of pinching off young shoots: in the mid-term of milk thistle growth, by the technical measures of pinching off young shoots, pinch off young shoots, go its apical growth advantage, its side axillalry bud advantage short, promotes fast branch, multi-branched, to increase photosynthetic leaf area, accumulates a large amount of photosynthates;

F, fruit ball threshing of gathering: first ripe fruit ball is plucked with artificial, can gather with harvester when large area is ripe, milk thistle output can be improved like this and increase economic benefit.

Claims (1)

1. a cultural method for silybum marianum high-yield, comprises the following steps:

A, seed selection: the seed choosing method that described seed selection combines with " colour-selection technique " and " physics and chemistry method ", select full greatly, the black seed rate of grain and maturity to reach more than 85%, the elite seed that containing silymarin content is high;

B, Seed Treatment, namely with bactericide, sterilization processing is carried out to seed, described bactericide is with Changbai Mountain medicinal plant kuh-seng, shaggy-fruited dittany herb plant totally 500 g, add water 1500 g, endure 2 hours to obtain stoste, every 500 g stostes add quick lime 250 g, dilute with water 5000 g, soak seed 8 hours;

C, large ridge be wholely: adopt row spacing 70-80 ㎝, plough dark 20-25 ㎝, repeatedly harrows and carefully rake;

D, the large mutual wrong light seeding in ridge: spacing in the rows 40-50 ㎝, every cave 3-4 grain seed, every ridge duplicate rows, seedling strain is mutually staggered and is planted;

E, short branch of pinching off young shoots: in the mid-term of milk thistle growth, by the technical measures of pinching off young shoots, pinch off young shoots, go its apical growth advantage, its side axillalry bud advantage short, promotes fast branch, multi-branched, to increase photosynthetic leaf area, accumulates a large amount of photosynthates;

F, fruit ball threshing of gathering.