CN106818161A - A kind of northern cold ground silybum marianum high-yield implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of northern cold ground silybum marianum high-yield implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN106818161A CN106818161A CN201710033948.0A CN201710033948A CN106818161A CN 106818161 A CN106818161 A CN 106818161A CN 201710033948 A CN201710033948 A CN 201710033948A CN 106818161 A CN106818161 A CN 106818161A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of northern cold ground silybum marianum high-yield implantation methods, the method includes：Selection of land, method of soil preparation and standard, Seed Treatment and sowing, fertilising, field management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and results.Implantation methods of the present invention, the cultivation step and the tillage control measure of system of the quantization of whole big machinery operation are proposed, soil moisture conservation, retaining is more beneficial for than traditional 65cm ~ 70cm micro-ridges or flat planting plantation, it is ensured that strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings and evenness, rational colony's construction is built, milk thistle yield is improved.The present invention is for the silybum marianum high-yield plantation of northern cold ground.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of medicinal plant implantation methods, the high-yielding variety of milk thistle is particularly planted in cold area in north
Plant method.
Technical background
Milk thistle（Silybum marianum L.）It is composite family Silybum 1 year or biennial herb plant, plant height 1 ~ 2
Rice, stem is upright, and branch has bar rib, seldom not branch, and whole stems branches have white silty multiple by thing, and by sparse spider's thread hair, leaf is mutual
Raw, base portion leaf often tiles ground, and into rosette-stape, ellipticity lanceolar long, deep or shallow pinnation, uncinus has a spine, long by 40~
80cm, 10~30cm wide, surface bright green have milky speckle, and base portion embraces stem；Middle part, upper blade are gradually small, and upper leaf drapes over one's shoulders pin
Shape.Flower head diameter 3~6 cm, Dan Shengzhi tops, involucre is wide spherical, phyllary keratin, and there is lunge on top；Tubular flower is purplish red
Color, pale red or rare white.Achene oblong, crineous or black.There are vertical stripe and white speckle；Pappus is most, in vain
Color, Length discrepancy, base portion symphysis cyclization.6~July of florescence, 7~August of fruiting period.Mediterranean is originated in, in western part grass in Asia
Also there is wild distribution in original.There are cultivation in existing Europe, Asia, Africa, South and North America.
The silymarin that milk thistle seed is extracted is thin with direct Scavenger of ROS, 5 '-LOX of suppression, protection liver
After birth, promotion are damaged the pharmacological action such as liver cell synthetic DNA and structural proteins, immunological regulation and anti-hepatic fibrosis.
At present, although northern cold ground milk thistle plantation taken on a certain scale, realize it is of the invention during, invention
People has found that this area's prior art has problems with：Using 65cm ~ 70cm micro-ridges or flat planting plantation descendant's break seedling, strain of keeping a full stand of seedings
Number, evenness are poor, group structure is unreasonable；Spring easily occur arid, summer easily there is waterlogging, be unfavorable for milk thistle root growth and
To soil nutrient, the absorption of fertilizer, milk thistle is caused to yield poorly.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention provides a kind of milk thistle plantation for improving northern cold ground milk thistle yield
Method.
Northern cold ground of the present invention silybum marianum high-yield implantation methods are realized according to the following steps：
1st, selection of land
Stubble non-composite family crop before selection, be not used milk thistle is harmful to agricultural chemicals, physical features is flat, draining is good, basic fertility
Plot plantation higher.
2nd, method of soil preparation and standard
It is required that volt autumn site preparation, volt autumn ridging.Using ridging after subsoiling, combined working soil operation of raking the soil level or turn over, rake the soil level operation it
Start toughness is carried out afterwards, and operation or work standard is：
Subsoiler：Subsoiling depth 30cm ~ 40cm.
Turn over operation：Tilling depth 23cm ~ 25cm.
Rake the soil level operation：The deep 14 cm ~ 18cm of rake, reaches the loose state in small, broken bits of topsoil soils.
Play big ridge culture industry：Ridge body 110cm wide, ridge platform 70cm wide, ridge platform 16cm ~ 18cm high；Flexibility is not in 100 m length
More than 10 cm；Line-spacing error ± 1 cm between ridge；It is reciprocal to combine error ± 2cm；Ridge platform is wide to be not less than 65 cm.
3rd, Seed Treatment and sowing
A, Seed Treatment：Seed cleaning should be carried out before sowing, with machinery it is selected based on, supplemented by artificial grain-by-grain seed selection.Selected seed is full,
Color is black, no disease and pests harm, grain type uniformity, purity >=98%, cleanliness >=98%, germination percentage >=95%, moisture≤10.0%, uses
The 50% carbendazol wettable powder seed dressing of grain weight 0.3%, there is heavier plot in subterranean pest-insect, with the 40% of grain weight 0.8%
Phoxim emulsifiable concentrate is dressed seed.
B, sowing：It need to be sowing optimum period by 4 DEG C by the period of vernalization, 5cm ground temperature stabilization that milk thistle grows.Using
Air-sweeping type precision planter is sowed, and on the ridge table top of 70cm, 2 is sowed at 12.5cm ~ 15cm in the table top both sides of the edge of ridge
OK, 2 in the ranks dislocation sowing, 3 ~ 4cm of seed level on ridge, begin sowing in good time, fertile soil, the low flat plot per hectare of physical features keep a full stand of seedings 18 ~
22.5 ten thousand plants, evening is broadcast, soil depletion, block per hectare in hillock high are kept a full stand of seedings and can increase to 240,000 plants, suppression in time after broadcasting.
4th, apply fertilizer
Milk thistle is compared with impoverishment tolerant, and fertilizer requirement is less, and according to soil fertility difference while step 3 is sowed, per hectare applies pure N：9
kg ~13.5 kg、P2O5：23 kg ~34.5kg、K2O10 kg ~15kg。
5th, field management
A, tillage and weeding：Tillage and weeding is carried out in time, the timely subsoiling in seedling 2 ~ 3 improves ground temperature, retains and conserve soil moisture to reach
Purpose, first shovel second shovel can be carried out according to soil moisture content, seedling and weed growth situation after 10 ~ 15 days and weeded and loosen the soil after weeding and loosen the soil.
B, chemical weed control：After seedling prevents and treats annual gramineous weed（3 ~ 5 leaf phases）Per hectare 12.5% sethoxydim machine oil breast
Agent 1500ml ~ 2000ml, 5% Quizalotop-ethyl missible oil 900ml ~ 1500ml, 12% clethodim EC 450ml ~ 600ml are sprayed；For many years
Raw grassy weed（In below 40cm）Per hectare 15% 1200 ~ 2000ml of efficient fluazifop missible oil, 10.8% smart fluorine pyrrole first
The ml of standing grain missible oil 900 ~ 1350, the ml of 12% clethodim EC 1000 ~ 1200 are sprayed.
6th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Milk thistle is in the less occurrence of large-area pest and disease damage in northern cold ground, if there is leaf spot, southern blight in breeding time, per hectare is used
45% 1000 times of ambam aqua liquid, 80% 600 times of Zineb wettable powder liquid, 72% agricultural streptomycin sulphate wettable powder
150 ~ 300g sprays preventing and treating；There is cabbage caterpillar, aphid, chafer, clover noctuid, 1500 times of 80% DDT EC of per hectare
Liquid, 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil, 2000 times of liquid sprayings are killed.
7th, harvest
When there is 70% ~ 80% fruit maturation in full field, solarization is cut with cutter-rower, picking up standing grain with combined harvester again after drying 3 ~ 5 days takes off
Grain.The seed taken off will be cleaned, dried, and keeping can be put in storage when seed moisture content is down to below 10%.
Compared with existing milk thistle implantation methods, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, according to this area's flat, suitable for mechanization operation, the working condition of large-scale planting, the method propose whole big
The cultivation step of the quantization of type mechanical work.
2nd, using system（Specification）Tillage control measure.Easily there is arid for this area's spring, that summer easily occurs waterlogging is tight
The situation of recasting about milk thistle output increased, takes with Fu Qiu standardization site preparation, farming technique of the big ridge plantation as core.Pass through
Subsoiling is raked the soil level after turning over, and is increased topsoil depth, is improved soil porosity, increases soil water storage storage capacity, realizes topsoil soils both
Energy water conservation and energy retaining, expand growing space and fertilizer are absorbed, so as to realize silybum marianum high-yield beneficial to root system.
3rd, the Optimum population for adapting to big machinery operation is set up.Traditional 65cm ~ 70cm micro-ridges or flat planting are planted
It is changed to ridge body 110cm wide, ridge platform 70cm wide, the big ridge of ridge platform 16cm ~ 18cm high, duplicate rows precision point sowing plantation on ridge, more favorably
In soil moisture conservation, retaining, it is ensured that strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings and evenness, rational colony's construction is built, increase photosynthetic efficiency, improved milk thistle and produce
Amount.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is big ridge schematic cross-section of the invention, wherein 1 is that ridge body is wide, 2 is that ridge platform is wide, and 3 is that ridge platform is high；
Fig. 2 is present invention sowing position view, wherein 1 is that ridge body is wide, 2 is that ridge platform is wide, and 3 is seed and ridge edge of table distance, 4
It is milk thistle plant.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is described further below in conjunction with example.
Example 1
This example is selected on Hailun City Heilongjiang Province of Heilongjiang Province Helen farm, 3.2 hectares of plot, continental monsoon climate, year
117 days frost-free periods, 0.6 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, >=10 DEG C of 2449 DEG C of accumulated temperature, annual rainfall 544.7mm.
A kind of northern cold ground silybum marianum high-yield implantation methods, specific method is as follows：
1st, selection of land
The plot soil types that this example is chosen is haplic phaeozem, 0cm ~ 20cm soil layer organic matters 55mg/kg, hydrolyzable nitrogen 126
Mg/kg, the mg/kg of available phosphorus 67.9, the mg/kg of available potassium 251, PH5.7.Preceding crop is soybean.
2nd, method of soil preparation and standard
The ridging after autumn last year is using subsoiling, combined working soil operation of raking the soil level, subsoiling depth 35cm, rake depth 16cm, ridge body is wide
110cm, ridge platform 70cm wide, ridge platform 18cm high, reach the loose state to be broadcast in small, broken bits of topsoil soils.
3rd, Seed Treatment and sowing
A, Seed Treatment：Seed is cleaned with proportion type cleaning plant before sowing, 50% carbendazim with grain weight 0.3% is wettable
Property pulvis seed dressing.
B, sowing：It was that 5cm ground temperature stabilization is sowed by 4 DEG C in April 13.Using llanura YP18 air-sweeping type no-tillage seedings
Machine sowing kind, on the ridge table top of 70cm, sows 2 rows at the 12.5cm of ridge table top both sides of the edge, 2 dislocation sowing in the ranks on ridge,
Seed level 4cm, per hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 22.5 ten thousand plants, suppression in time after broadcasting.
4th, apply fertilizer
Per hectare applies 64% Diammonium phosphate (DAP) while step 3 is sowed（Containing N：18%、P2O5：46%）60kg, 50% potassium sulfate 30kg.
5th, field management
A, tillage and weeding：The subsoiling in milk thistle seedling 2 ~ 3, carries out second shovel and weeds and loosen the soil after 10 days.
B, chemical weed control：In 3 ~ 5 leaf phase of annual gramineous weed per hectare with 12.5% sethoxydim machine oil emulsion 1500m
Sprayed with spraying machine, per hectare spouting liquid is 200L.
6th, harvest
When there was 70% ~ 80% fruit maturation in full field to August on 15th, solarization is cut with cutter-rower, picked up with combined harvester after drying 3 ~ 5 days
Standing grain threshing.The seed taken off is dried is put in storage keeping after being cleaned when being down to less than 10% to water content.
Claims (16)
1. a kind of northern cold ground silybum marianum high-yield implantation methods, it is characterised in that the method is realized according to the following steps：
1st, selection of land
Stubble non-composite family crop before selection, be not used to the harmful agricultural chemicals of milk thistle, physical features is flat, draining is good, basic fertility compared with
Plot plantation high.
2.2nd, method of soil preparation and standard
It is required that volt autumn site preparation, volt autumn ridging.
3. using ridging after subsoiling, combined working soil operation of raking the soil level or turn over, start toughness is carried out after operation of raking the soil level, operation mark
Standard is：
Subsoiler：Subsoiling depth 30cm ~ 40cm.
4. turn over operation：23 ~ 25cm of tilling depth.
5. rake the soil level operation：The deep 14 cm ~ 18cm of rake, reaches the loose state in small, broken bits of topsoil soils.
6. big ridge culture industry：Ridge body 110cm wide, ridge platform 70cm wide, ridge platform 16cm ~ 18cm high；Flexibility does not surpass in 100 m length
Cross 10 cm；Line-spacing error ± 1 cm between ridge；It is reciprocal to combine error ± 2cm；Ridge platform is wide to be not less than 65 cm.
7.3rd, Seed Treatment and sowing
A, Seed Treatment：Seed cleaning should be carried out before sowing, with machinery it is selected based on, supplemented by artificial grain-by-grain seed selection.
8. seed selected by is full, color is black, no disease and pests harm, grain type uniformity, purity >=98%, cleanliness >=98%, and germination percentage >=
95%, moisture≤10.0% is dressed seed with 50% carbendazol wettable powder of grain weight 0.3%, and subterranean pest-insect occurs heavier ground
Block, is dressed seed with 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate of grain weight 0.8%.
9.b, sowing：Milk thistle grows need to be by the period of vernalization, and 5cm ground temperature stabilization is by stabilization by 4 DEG C for sowing is suitable
Phase.
10. using the sowing of air-sweeping type precision planter, on the ridge table top of 70cm, apart from ridge table top both sides of the edge 12.5cm ~
2 rows are sowed at 15cm, 2 in the ranks dislocation sowing, 3 ~ 4cm of seed level on ridge, begin sowing in good time, fertile soil, the low flat plot of physical features it is every
Hectare is kept a full stand of seedings 18 ~ 22.5 ten thousand plants, and evening is broadcast, soil depletion, block per hectare in hillock high are kept a full stand of seedings and can increase to 240,000 plants, timely town after broadcasting
Pressure.
11.4th, apply fertilizer
Milk thistle is compared with impoverishment tolerant, and fertilizer requirement is less, and according to soil fertility difference while step 3 is sowed, per hectare applies pure N：9
kg ~13.5 kg、P2O5：23 kg ~34.5kg、K2O10 kg ~15kg。
12.5th, field management
A, tillage and weeding：Tillage and weeding is carried out in time, the timely subsoiling in seedling 2 ~ 3 improves ground temperature, retains and conserve soil moisture to reach
Purpose, first shovel second shovel can be carried out according to soil moisture content, seedling and weed growth situation after 10 ~ 15 days and weeded and loosen the soil after weeding and loosen the soil.
13.b, chemical weed control：After seedling prevents and treats annual gramineous weed（3 ~ 5 leaf phases）Per hectare 12.5% sethoxydim machine oil breast
Agent 1500ml ~ 2000ml, 5% Quizalotop-ethyl missible oil 900ml ~ 1500ml, 12% clethodim EC 450ml ~ 600ml are sprayed；For many years
Raw grassy weed（In below 40cm）Per hectare 15% 1200 ~ 2000ml of efficient fluazifop missible oil, 10.8% smart fluorine pyrrole first
The ml of standing grain missible oil 900 ~ 1350, the ml of 12% clethodim EC 1000 ~ 1200 are sprayed.
14.6th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Milk thistle is in the less occurrence of large-area pest and disease damage in northern cold ground, if there is leaf spot, southern blight in breeding time, per hectare is used
45% 1000 times of ambam aqua liquid, 80% 600 times of Zineb wettable powder liquid, 72% agricultural streptomycin sulphate wettable powder
150 ~ 300g sprays preventing and treating；There is cabbage caterpillar, aphid, chafer, clover noctuid, 1500 times of 80% DDT EC of per hectare
Liquid, 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil, 2000 times of liquid sprayings are killed.
15.7th, harvest
When there is 70% ~ 80% fruit maturation in full field, solarization is cut with cutter-rower, picking up standing grain with combined harvester again after drying 3 ~ 5 days takes off
Grain.
16. seeds taken off will be cleaned, dried, and keeping can be put in storage when seed moisture content is down to below 10%.
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103250534A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-08-21 | 范惠明 | Silybum marianum high-yield cultivation method |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103250534A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-08-21 | 范惠明 | Silybum marianum high-yield cultivation method |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| 万喜兰: "北方高寒区水飞蓟高产栽培技术", 《农民致富之友》 * |
| 具红光等: "长白山区水飞蓟优质高产栽培技术研究", 《辽宁林业科技》 * |
| 宋继友: "北方寒地水飞蓟高产高效栽培技术", 《现代农业科技》 * |
| 王思宏等: "水飞蓟的规范化栽培", 《安徽农业科学》 * |
| 王运梅等: "北方高寒地区水飞蓟栽培技术", 《北京农业》 * |
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Application publication date: 20170613 |